title: Chronic instrumentation and longterm investigation in the fetal and maternal baboon: tether system, conditioning procedures and surgical techniques.
abstract: A tether system, conditioning procedures and surgical techniques were designed to maintain chronic catheters and electrodes in the pregnant baboon and her fetus. The tether system was comprised of a lightweight metal backpack containing catheters and electrodes, couplers, pressure transducers and electrical cabling. The backpack was held snugly in place by shoulder and body straps. A flexible metal tether connected the pack to a ball bearing assembly mounted on the top of the animal's home cage. Attached to the assembly were two infusion pumps, fluid reservoir and slip ring electrical connector. The entire system rotated freely with the movements of the animal; thus, the instrumentation and connectors were secure while access was maintained for continuous physiologic recording and intravascular infusion or intermittent blood sampling with minimal physical restraint. Animals were conditioned to accept the system prior to pregnancy and animals who demonstrated tolerance were bred. An initial group of 10 pregnant animals were sham tethered during pregnancy at 102 +/- 7 days with term gestation estimated at 180 days. Surgical procedures were done at 136 +/- 4 days with placement of catheters in the maternal femoral artery and vein, fetal carotid artery jugular vein and trachea, amniotic fluid cavity, and electrodes for fetal electrocardiogram and electroencephalogram. The mean fetal survival time was 9.3 (range 0 to 29) days. The major complications which led to early delivery were placental abruption and rupture of amniotic membranes. With ultrasonic localization of the placenta and determination of fetal position before surgery, these complications may be avoided.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
authors.affiliation: Department of Pediatrics, Columbia College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY.
authors.forename: R I
authors.initials: RI
authors.lastname: Stark
authors.forename: S S
authors.initials: SS
authors.lastname: Daniel
authors.forename: L S
authors.initials: LS
authors.lastname: James
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: MacCarter
authors.forename: H O
authors.initials: HO
authors.lastname: Morishima
authors.forename: W H
authors.initials: WH
authors.lastname: Niemann
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Rey
authors.forename: P J
authors.initials: PJ
authors.lastname: Tropper
authors.forename: M N
authors.initials: MN
authors.lastname: Yeh
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001947:Breeding; D002408:Catheters, Indwelling / Q000662:veterinary; D004566:Electrodes / Q000662:veterinary; D005260:Female; D005323:Fetal Monitoring / Q000662:veterinary*; D005333:Fetus / Q000502:physiology*; D010215:Papio / Q000502:physiology*; D011247:Pregnancy; D011256:Pregnancy Outcome / Q000662:veterinary; D011270:Pregnancy, Animal / Q000097:blood / Q000502:physiology*; D012149:Restraint, Physical / Q000379:methods / Q000662:veterinary*