title: Dopamine effects on diaphragmatic strength during acute respiratory failure in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To assess the effects of dopamine, which has an inotropic effect on the myocardium and increases renal and splanchnic blood flow, on diaphragmatic contraction.
  
  
  METHODS
  We studied the changes in transdiaphragmatic pressure during electrical bilateral supramaximal stimulation of the phrenic nerves in eight patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease during acute respiratory failure. In three patients, changes in diaphragmatic blood flow were also evaluated.
  
  
  METHODS
  All patients were intubated and artificially ventilated. Stimulated transdiaphragmatic pressure, cardiac output, evaluated with a Swan Ganz catheter, and diaphragmatic blood flow, evaluated by timed volume collections of left phrenic venous effluent (a catheter was introduced into the right femoral vein and advanced into the left inferior phrenic vein) were measured before dopamine infusion, every 10 minutes after the onset of dopamine infusion (10 micrograms/kg body weight.min during 30 minutes) and 15 minutes after the end of dopamine infusion. Arterial blood gases and pH were measured before and at the end of dopamine infusion.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Arterial blood gases and pH were maintained within normal range by mechanical ventilation throughout the study. With dopamine infusion, heart rate increased by 17% (P less than 0.001) and cardiac output by 40% (P less than 0.001) on the average. The increase in cardiac output was accompanied by a marked increase in diaphragmatic blood flow (30% on the average) in the three patients in whom it was measured (P less than 0.001). Diaphragmatic strength also increased significantly during dopamine administration. Transdiaphragmatic pressure for an identical phrenic stimulation increased by 30% (P less than 0.001) on the average. The changes in cardiac output, diaphragmatic blood flow, and transdiaphragmatic pressure persisted throughout the infusion period; all values returned to control values 15 minutes after the end of dopamine administration.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Dopamine has a potent effect on diaphragmatic strength generation and diaphragmatic blood flow in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease during acute respiratory failure. It is possible to improve diaphragmatic contraction in these patients by administering pharmacologic agents that augment diaphragmatic blood flow.
authors.affiliation: Hôpital Beaujon, Clichy, France.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Aubier
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Murciano
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Menu
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Boczkowski
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Mal
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Pariente
mesh_terms: D000200:Action Potentials / Q000187:drug effects; D000208:Acute Disease; D000368:Aged; D003964:Diaphragm / Q000098:blood supply / Q000187:drug effects*; D004298:Dopamine / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D004558:Electric Stimulation; D005260:Female; D006439:Hemodynamics / Q000187:drug effects; D006801:Humans; D008173:Lung Diseases, Obstructive / Q000150:complications / Q000503:physiopathology*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009119:Muscle Contraction / Q000187:drug effects; D011014:Pneumonia / Q000150:complications; D011312:Pressure; D012039:Regional Blood Flow / Q000187:drug effects; D012131:Respiratory Insufficiency / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000209:etiology
chemical_list: D004298:Dopamine