title: Ureteral calculi in children: review of 50 consecutive cases.
abstract: Fifty children presenting with ureteral calculi over a twenty-year period were studied retrospectively. There were 35 boys and 15 girls, with a mean age of five and a half years. Nineteen patients had a urinary tract anomaly: 11 had an obstructed megaureter, and 8 had previously undergone urinary tract surgery. Forty-four children had infection stones and the remaining 6 oxalate calculi. Infected urine was found in 35; the infecting organism was a Proteus species in 23. Metabolic abnormalities were detected in 2 children. Operative removal of the stones was done in 39 patients, and in the remaining 11 patients the stones passed spontaneously. There were 6 recurrences, all within four years of initial presentation.
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Alder Hey Children's Hospital, Liverpool, England.
authors.forename: R R
authors.initials: RR
authors.lastname: Turnock
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Rangecroft
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D008297:Male; D011859:Radiography; D014514:Ureteral Calculi / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000601:surgery / Q000628:therapy*