title: Morbidity for survivors of extracorporeal membrane oxygenation: neurodevelopmental outcome at 1 year of age.
abstract: Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation is an important technology in the treatment of high-risk infants whose long-term outcome is being followed prospectively at our institution. The extracorporeal membrane oxygenation procedure allows temporary cardiopulmonary support for critically ill full-term neonates who are refractory to maximum ventilatory and medical management as a consequence of severe persistent pulmonary hypertension. The technique necessitates both the permanent ligation of the right common carotid artery and jugular vein and systemic heparinization. The survivors constitute a unique group of high-risk infants, from the standpoint of the hypoxic-ischemic insults preceding extracorporeal membrane oxygenation and the risks associated with the procedure. Our results indicate that most of our survivors are developing normally at 1 year. Major morbidity, in terms of either significant developmental delay (Bayley mental and motor indices less than 70) or significant neuromotor abnormality, occurred in only 10% of these infants. Poor outcome was associated with major intracranial hemorrhage and chronic lung disease. Ligation of the right carotid artery and jugular vein was not associated with a consistent lateralizing lesion. Long-term follow-up through school age is essential.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neonatology, Children's Hospital National Medical Center, Washington, DC 20010.
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Glass
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Miller
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Short
mesh_terms: D001238:Asphyxia Neonatorum / Q000150:complications / Q000523:psychology; D002543:Cerebral Hemorrhage / Q000209:etiology; D002657:Child Development; D015199:Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation / Q000009:adverse effects*; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D007232:Infant, Newborn, Diseases / Q000150:complications / Q000628:therapy*; D008171:Lung Diseases / Q000150:complications; D008297:Male