title: Panfacial fractures: organization of treatment.
abstract: Recent advances in facial trauma management have enabled the surgeon to perceive and successfully reconstruct complex panfacial injuries. Restoration of both preinjury facial aesthetics and function is now the goal. An organized approach to these injuries begins at the maxillary and mandibular arches with progression to the vertical mandible. The nasoorbital ethmoidal complex is stabilized to the cranium and bone grafted when indicated. The zygomatic complex is related medially, and orbital reconstruction performed. The facial architectural restoration is completed at the Lefort I level. Adherence to this protocol enables the surgeon to obtain reproducibly good results, even with the most extensive facial dislocations.
authors.affiliation: Division of Plastic Surgery, University of California, Los Angeles Medical School.
authors.forename: B L
authors.initials: BL
authors.lastname: Markowitz
authors.forename: P N
authors.initials: PN
authors.lastname: Manson
mesh_terms: D005147:Facial Bones / Q000033:anatomy & histology; D005151:Facial Injuries / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000601:surgery*; D005593:Fracture Fixation, Internal / Q000379:methods*; D050723:Fractures, Bone / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000601:surgery*; D006801:Humans; D011859:Radiography