title: Dose-effect relationship of carvedilol in essential hypertension. An open study.
abstract: This study was performed to find the optimal dose of carvedilol, in terms of efficacy and safety, in Japanese patients with mild to moderate essential hypertension. 134 patients with blood pressure greater than 160/95 mm Hg after a 4-week placebo run-in period were initially given carvedilol 5mg once daily. The dose was increased to 10 and 20mg at 4-weekly intervals if the target blood pressure was not achieved. The duration of treatment was 12 weeks. After 12 weeks' administration, the average blood pressure was significantly (p less than 0.001) reduced from 170/101 to 150/91 mm Hg. The hypotensive activity of carvedilol 5mg was mild, but sufficient hypotensive effect was observed in 65% of patients receiving up to 20 mg/day. No significant postural changes in blood pressure were observed. Although heart rate was significantly decreased (77 to 66 beats/min, p less than 0.001), no patient was judged to have bradycardia. Side effects occurred in 5.2% of patients. Carvedilol 10 to 20mg once daily is considered to be an effective and safe treatment for essential hypertension.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine and Geriatrics, Osaka University Medical School, Japan.
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Ogihara
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Goto
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Yoshinaga
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Kumahara
authors.forename: O
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Iimura
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ishii
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Murakami
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Takeda
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kokubu
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Arakawa
mesh_terms: D000319:Adrenergic beta-Antagonists / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001794:Blood Pressure / Q000187:drug effects; D002227:Carbazoles / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D000077261:Carvedilol; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D005260:Female; D006339:Heart Rate / Q000187:drug effects; D006801:Humans; D006973:Hypertension / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000503:physiopathology; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011412:Propanolamines / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D013997:Time Factors; D014665:Vasodilator Agents / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*
chemical_list: D000319:Adrenergic beta-Antagonists; D002227:Carbazoles; D011412:Propanolamines; D014665:Vasodilator Agents; D000077261:Carvedilol