title: Alpha-1 and alpha-2 adrenoceptor agonists induce vasoconstriction of the normotensive rat caudal artery in vitro by stimulation of a heterogeneous population of alpha-1 adrenoceptors.
abstract: Although alpha-2 adrenoceptor agonists rapidly induce arterial vasoconstriction in vivo, such responses have proven difficult to obtain in vitro. We have investigated the vasoconstrictor effects of various alpha-1 and alpha-2 adrenoceptor agonists in the perfused superfused caudal artery of the normotensive rat. Intrinsic activities were; methoxamine; 1, phenylephrine; 0.94, noradrenaline; 0.93, guanfacine; 0.88, clonidine; 0.47, UK 14,304 [5-bromo-6-(2-imidazoline-2-ylamino)-quinoxaline tartrate]: 0.10, azepexole; 0. Antagonism by the selective alpha-1 agent, prazosin of the vasoconstrictor responses provoked by methoxamine, guanfacine or clonidine, showed a high affinity with--log KB values in the range of 8.5 to 9.4. There were no significant differences between the KB values obtained with the three agonists. Antagonism by the selective alpha-2 antagonist, yohimbine showed a low affinity with KB values between 6.7 to 7.6 for the three agonists. The calcium entry blocker, nicardipine, antagonized responses to clonidine at nanomolar concentrations and those to phenylephrine at micromolar concentrations. We conclude that vasoconstrictor responses in this isolated tail artery preparation are primarily mediated via an alpha adrenoceptor which can be classified, on the basis of the results with specific antagonists, as being of the alpha-1 type. The results obtained with nicardipine suggest that the population of alpha adrenoceptors is not, however, homogeneous.
authors.affiliation: Laboratoire de Pharmacologie, Faculté des Sciences Pharmaceutiques et Biologiques, Université de Nancy I, France.
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Atkinson
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Trescases
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Benedek
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Boillat
authors.forename: A K
authors.initials: AK
authors.lastname: Fouda
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Krause
authors.forename: M C
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Pitton
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Rafizadeh
authors.forename: J C
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: de Rivaz
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Sautel
mesh_terms: D000316:Adrenergic alpha-Agonists / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000317:Adrenergic alpha-Antagonists / Q000494:pharmacology; D000818:Animals; D001158:Arteries / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D004730:Endothelium, Vascular / Q000502:physiology; D008297:Male; D009529:Nicardipine / Q000494:pharmacology; D051381:Rats; D011919:Rats, Inbred Strains; D012110:Reserpine / Q000494:pharmacology; D013623:Tail / Q000098:blood supply*; D014661:Vasoconstriction / Q000187:drug effects*
chemical_list: D000316:Adrenergic alpha-Agonists; D000317:Adrenergic alpha-Antagonists; D012110:Reserpine; D009529:Nicardipine