title: Late-onset Krabbe disease initially diagnosed as cerebroside sulfatase activator deficiency.
abstract: Clinical and biochemical findings in a male subject with progressive encephalopathy and peripheral neuropathy are presented. Early development was normal. At age 3.5 years, he had seizures associated with fever. Subsequently, there was progressive neurologic deterioration. A CT brain scan at age 4 years, 2 months demonstrated multiple areas of variable density in the white matter. There was mild slowing of nerve conduction velocities and a sural nerve biopsy revealed segmental demyelinative neuropathy. Metachromatic leukodystrophy was suspected, but arylsulfatase A activity in leukocytes and fibroblasts was in the normal range. The cerebroside sulfate loading test on intact cultured fibroblasts showed attenuated hydrolysis leading to a tentative diagnosis of cerebroside sulfatase activator deficiency. However, the attenuated response of proband fibroblasts was not normalized by supplementation with activator in a reproducible manner, and urine showed hyperexcretion rather than deficiency of activator. Ultimately, an assay for galactosylceramide beta-galactosidase activity established a deficiency of this enzyme leading to the diagnosis of late-onset Krabbe disease.
authors.affiliation: UCLA School of Medicine, Lanterman Developmental Center, California 91769.
authors.forename: A L
authors.initials: AL
authors.lastname: Fluharty
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Neidengard
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Holtzman
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Kihara
mesh_terms: D002553:Cerebroside-Sulfatase / Q000172:deficiency*; D002648:Child; D003937:Diagnosis, Differential; D006801:Humans; D007965:Leukodystrophy, Globoid Cell / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000201:enzymology / Q000503:physiopathology; D007966:Leukodystrophy, Metachromatic / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000378:metabolism; D008297:Male
chemical_list: D002553:Cerebroside-Sulfatase