title: Aligning, leveling, and torque control--a pilot study.
abstract: Aligning, leveling, and anterior torque control of teeth from the onset of treatment is suggested with thermal ni-ti rectangular low stiffness wires. Before and after superimpositions show the degree that torque control was achieved on four clinical patients.
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthodontics, College of Dentistry, University of Iowa, Iowa City 52242.
authors.forename: G F
authors.initials: GF
authors.lastname: Andreasen
authors.forename: R M
authors.initials: RM
authors.lastname: Amborn
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D003722:Dental Alloys; D004548:Elasticity; D005115:Extraoral Traction Appliances; D006358:Hot Temperature; D006801:Humans; D008310:Malocclusion / Q000628:therapy; D009532:Nickel; D009967:Orthodontic Appliances; D009969:Orthodontic Wires; D010865:Pilot Projects; D013193:Stainless Steel; D013314:Stress, Mechanical; D013499:Surface Properties; D014025:Titanium; D014087:Tooth Movement Techniques / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods*
chemical_list: D003722:Dental Alloys; C040654:titanium nickelide; D013193:Stainless Steel; D009532:Nickel; D014025:Titanium