Clinical use of serum enzymes in liver disease.
Some of the many enzymes found in hepatocytes can be measured in the serum and are used as tests of liver function. We now review the current knowledge of their physiology and pathophysiology and outline their clinical usefulness. We divide them into two categories: enzymes that primarily reflect cholestasis, such as the alkaline phosphatase, the 5'-nucleotidase, and the gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase, and those that primarily reflect hepatocellular necrosis, such as the aminotransferases. We also briefly discuss several enzymes of more limited usefulness.
Reichling
J J
JJ
Department of Medicine, New England Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts 02111.
Kaplan
M M
MM
D015720:5'-Nucleotidase; D000469:Alkaline Phosphatase / Q000097:blood; D004796:Clinical Enzyme Tests; D005969:Glutamate Dehydrogenase / Q000097:blood; D006801:Humans; D007521:Isocitrate Dehydrogenase / Q000097:blood; D007064:L-Iditol 2-Dehydrogenase / Q000097:blood; D007770:L-Lactate Dehydrogenase / Q000097:blood; D007931:Leucyl Aminopeptidase / Q000097:blood; D008099:Liver / Q000201:enzymology*; D008107:Liver Diseases / Q000175:diagnosis*; D009708:Nucleotidases / Q000097:blood; D009954:Ornithine Carbamoyltransferase / Q000097:blood; D000637:Transaminases / Q000097:blood; D005723:gamma-Glutamyltransferase / Q000097:blood
D007064:L-Iditol 2-Dehydrogenase; D007770:L-Lactate Dehydrogenase; D007521:Isocitrate Dehydrogenase; D005969:Glutamate Dehydrogenase; D009954:Ornithine Carbamoyltransferase; D005723:gamma-Glutamyltransferase; D000637:Transaminases; D009708:Nucleotidases; D000469:Alkaline Phosphatase; D015720:5'-Nucleotidase; D007931:Leucyl Aminopeptidase