title: The natural history of tardive dyskinesia.
abstract: Follow-up data from the first 100 patients with early dyskinesia are presented. After an average of 40.9 months, the cohort showed statistically significant decreases in tardive dyskinesia (TD) ratings. After TD onset, ratings decreased for 4 years, then plateaued and rose during the 7th year. Age was not a negative prognostic factor in this cohort. Improvement in TD correlated significantly with fewer neuroleptic-free periods before and more neuroleptic-free periods after TD onset. Neuroleptic dosage correlated negatively with improvement in trunk and dystonia ratings. Improvement in TD is the usual finding in longitudinal studies of TD cohorts. Follow-up studies of neuroleptic-treated groups with varying proportions of patients showing TD, by contrast, tend to show increased TD because new TD cases more than offset improvement. A naturalistic study with pharmacotherapy tailored to the underlying psychiatric disorder and conducted long-term from TD onset is the ideal design for investigating the natural history of TD.
authors.affiliation: West-Ros-Park Mental Health Center, Boston, Massachusetts 02178.
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Gardos
authors.forename: J O
authors.initials: JO
authors.lastname: Cole
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Haskell
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Marby
authors.forename: S S
authors.initials: SS
authors.lastname: Paine
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Moore
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000375:Aging / Q000502:physiology; D014150:Antipsychotic Agents / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D004409:Dyskinesia, Drug-Induced / Q000503:physiopathology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011569:Psychiatric Status Rating Scales; D011618:Psychotic Disorders / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000523:psychology
chemical_list: D014150:Antipsychotic Agents