title: Failure of a bovine xenograft for reconstruction of the anterior cruciate ligament.
abstract: Fourteen patients with gross anterior instability had the anterior cruciate ligament reconstructed with a bovine xenograft. Major problems with swelling, pain, and synovitis were encountered in 13 patients, of whom 3 developed a synovial fistula. Histologic evidence for allergic reactions was found in 3 patients. Revisional surgery had to be performed in 10 patients because of substantial problems or rupture of the graft. At 3 years, there was only one possibly functioning graft. The 3 nonrevised patients were unstable at clinical examination. This type of reconstruction cannot be recommended for clinical use.
authors.affiliation: Department of Orthopedics, Linköping University Hospital, Sweden.
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Good
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Odensten
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Pettersson
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Gillquist
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D001705:Bioprosthesis; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007719:Knee Joint; D008023:Ligaments, Articular / Q000601:surgery*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011446:Prospective Studies; D011475:Prosthesis Failure; D012086:Reoperation; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012421:Rupture