title: Transtracheal needle catheter ventilation in complete airway obstruction: an animal model.
abstract: Transtracheal needle catheter ventilation (TNCV) may be used as an alternative airway when contraindications to endotracheal intubation exist. A feline model tested the efficacy of low-flow oxygen delivery, and initial data were gathered to define proper catheter calibers to effect adequate oxygenation and ventilation. Cats were anesthetized, trachea intubated, and ventilated for 30 minutes with a pressure-regulated ventilator. Arterial and venous pressures were monitored, and a chest tube was inserted to measure intrathoracic pressures. Arterial blood gas analysis was performed every five minutes during the baseline period. The endotracheal tube was then removed, the trachea cross-clamped, and TNCV instituted. Oxygen flow rates of 1, 3, and 5 L/min were varied with catheter sizes of 14, 16, and 18 g. Data demonstrated that TNCV provided adequate oxygenation and ventilation with flow rates of 3 and 5 L/min with the 14- and 16-g catheters. Satisfactory oxygenation could be obtained with these flow rates with the 18-g catheter, but ventilation was inadequate. Ventilation was unsatisfactory with the 1 L/min flow rate in all catheter sizes. These preliminary data indicate that a minimum catheter:trachea cross-sectional area ratio of 0.03 may be required to obtain oxygenation and ventilation with low-flow oxygen rates of 3 to 5 L/min in cats.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana 70112.
authors.forename: S B
authors.initials: SB
authors.lastname: Frame
authors.forename: G A
authors.initials: GA
authors.lastname: Timberlake
authors.forename: M D
authors.initials: MD
authors.lastname: Kerstein
authors.forename: M K
authors.initials: MK
authors.lastname: Money
authors.forename: M F
authors.initials: MF
authors.lastname: Hendrickson
authors.forename: D L
authors.initials: DL
authors.lastname: Akers
authors.forename: N E
authors.initials: NE
authors.lastname: McSwain
mesh_terms: D000402:Airway Obstruction / Q000097:blood / Q000628:therapy*; D000818:Animals; D001784:Blood Gas Analysis; D002406:Catheterization, Peripheral / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods*; D002415:Cats; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D010100:Oxygen / Q000502:physiology; D012123:Pulmonary Ventilation; D012121:Respiration, Artificial / Q000379:methods*; D013909:Thorax / Q000502:physiology; D014132:Trachea
chemical_list: D010100:Oxygen