title: Interactions between chloramphenicol, acepromazine, phenylbutazone, rifampin and thiamylal in the horse.
abstract: The potential for interactions between chloramphenicol, phenylbutazone, acepromazine and thiamylal and chloramphenicol, rifampin, and phenylbutazone were evaluated in two groups of experiments. In the first, five horses were given thiamylal intravenously (iv) (6.6 mg/kg) after pretreatment with acepromazine, and the time of recumbency was determined. Administration of chloramphenicol iv (25 mg/kg) 1 h prior to anaesthesia significantly lengthened the recumbency time from 21.8 +/- 4.8 mins to 36.0 +/- 8.3 mins. There was an apparent but not statistically significant decrease in recumbency time when phenylbutazone (4.4 mg/kg) was administered iv daily for 4 days prior to anaesthesia. In the second series of experiments, phenylbutazone (4.4 mg/kg), chloramphenicol (25 mg/kg) and rifampin (10 mg/kg) were administered in various sequences to five different horses. Chloramphenicol pretreatment produced a significant decrease in the elimination rate and rifampin a significant increase in the elimination rate of phenylbutazone. The half-life of elimination of phenylbutazone alone was about 4 h. Following four days pretreatment with rifampin it was approximately 2.7 h, it was approximately 5.6 h and 9.5 h, respectively, when chloramphenicol was administered in one dose 1 h before or two doses 12 h and 1 h before phenylbutazone.
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, College of Veterinary Medicine, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater 74078.
authors.forename: G E
authors.initials: GE
authors.lastname: Burrows
authors.forename: C G
authors.initials: CG
authors.lastname: MacAllister
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Tripp
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Black
mesh_terms: D000075:Acepromazine / Q000493:pharmacokinetics / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000818:Animals; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000493:pharmacokinetics / Q000494:pharmacology*; D002701:Chloramphenicol / Q000493:pharmacokinetics / Q000494:pharmacology; D004347:Drug Interactions; D004790:Enzyme Induction; D005260:Female; D006736:Horses / Q000378:metabolism*; D008297:Male; D006899:Mixed Function Oxygenases / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000378:metabolism; D010653:Phenylbutazone / Q000493:pharmacokinetics / Q000494:pharmacology*; D012293:Rifampin / Q000493:pharmacokinetics / Q000494:pharmacology; D013840:Thiamylal / Q000493:pharmacokinetics / Q000494:pharmacology*
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D013840:Thiamylal; D000075:Acepromazine; D002701:Chloramphenicol; D006899:Mixed Function Oxygenases; D010653:Phenylbutazone; D012293:Rifampin