title: Oxidative metabolism of cocaine: comparison of brain and liver.
abstract: Norcocaine (NC) and N-hydroxynorcocaine (NHNC), products of the oxidative metabolism of cocaine, were examined in plasma, brain, and liver of mice injected intraperitoneally with cocaine. Plasma levels of NHNC were altered in vivo by inhibiting esterase activity with diazinon and chloral hydrate or activating esterase activity with phenobarbital, and activating the microsomal P-450 system with phenobarbital. Changes in plasma concentrations of NHNC resulted in similar changes in brain, which were often different from those in liver. After intracisternal administration of cocaine to mice, no appreciable amount of NC or NHNC could be detected in brain; the same results were obtained upon intracisternal and intraventricular administration to rats. Microsomal preparations from mouse brain were found to be considerably less active than those from liver in converting NC to NHNC. We conclude that the cerebral oxidative metabolism of cocaine is not appreciable and that most of the NC and NHNC found in the brain after systemic cocaine administration is derived from plasma rather than formed centrally by brain microsomal enzymes.
authors.affiliation: Center for Neurochemistry, Nathan S. Kline Institute for Psychiatric Research, New York, New York 10035.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Benuck
authors.forename: M E
authors.initials: ME
authors.lastname: Reith
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Sershen
authors.forename: H L
authors.initials: HL
authors.lastname: Wiener
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Lajtha
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001711:Biotransformation; D001921:Brain / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism*; D002697:Chloral Hydrate / Q000494:pharmacology; D003042:Cocaine / Q000378:metabolism*; D003976:Diazinon / Q000494:pharmacology; D008099:Liver / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism*; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D008807:Mice, Inbred BALB C; D008861:Microsomes / Q000378:metabolism; D008862:Microsomes, Liver / Q000378:metabolism; D009928:Organ Specificity; D010634:Phenobarbital / Q000494:pharmacology; D012016:Reference Values
chemical_list: D002697:Chloral Hydrate; D003042:Cocaine; D010634:Phenobarbital; D003976:Diazinon