title: Nonstress testing with acoustic stimulation and amniotic fluid volume assessment: 5973 tests without unexpected fetal death.
abstract: In a 36-month period antepartum testing was performed 5973 times in 2628 women with singleton high-risk pregnancies. The testing scheme involved a modified nonstress test with sound stimulation. Testing was performed twice weekly for patients with diabetes (classes B through R), gestational age exceeding 42 weeks, and documented intrauterine growth retardation, and weekly for other indications. If no spontaneous acceleration was observed within 5 minutes, a single 1- to 2-second sound stimulus was applied to the lower maternal abdomen with an artificial larynx. If necessary, a second sound stimulation was applied within 10 minutes. In addition all patients received ultrasonographic four-quadrant assessment of amniotic fluid volume. The mean testing time was 10 minutes. Only 2% of tests were nonreactive with sound stimulation. Seventeen percent of nonstress tests that were nonreactive with sound stimulation were followed by positive results of a contraction stress test or a biophysical profile score less than or equal to 4. The overall intervention rate was 3%. All fetuses with a single acceleration only eventually met criteria for negative results to a contraction stress test or had a biophysical profile score greater than or equal to 8. There were no unexpected antepartum fetal deaths. Sound-induced accelerations appear to be valid in the prediction of fetal well being, and the use of sound stimulation results in a significant shortening of testing time. Simultaneous assessment of amniotic fluid volume may reduce the risk of fetal death to a negligible level.
authors.affiliation: Utah Valley Regional Perinatal Center, Provo 84603.
authors.forename: S L
authors.initials: SL
authors.lastname: Clark
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Sabey
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Jolley
mesh_terms: D000161:Acoustic Stimulation; D000653:Amniotic Fluid / Q000378:metabolism*; D005069:Evaluation Studies as Topic; D005260:Female; D005313:Fetal Death; D005323:Fetal Monitoring / Q000379:methods*; D005544:Forecasting; D006801:Humans; D011247:Pregnancy; D012307:Risk Factors