title: Nitrogen inhibition of mycotoxin production by Alternaria alternata.
abstract: Alternaria alternata produces the polyketides alternariol (AOH) and alternariol monomethyl ether (AME) during the stationary growth phase. Addition of 12 mM NaNO3 to the cultures before initiation of polyketide production reduced the AOH and AME content to 5 to 10% of that of controls. Glutamate and urea also reduced AOH and AME accumulation, whereas increasing the ionic strength did not affect the polyketide content. Adding NaNO3 after polyketide production had started did not inhibit further AOH accumulation, although over 90% of the added NO3- disappeared from the medium within 24 h. Activity of an AME-synthesizing enzyme, alternariol-O-methyltransferase (AOH-MT), appeared in control mycelia during the early stationary growth phase. No AOH-MT activity appeared in mycelia blocked in polyketide synthesis by addition of NaNO3. Later addition of NaNO3 reduced the AOH-MT specific activity to 50% of that of the control, whereas the total of activity per mycelium was the same. The AOH-MT activity in vitro was not affected by 100 mM NaNO3. The results suggest that nitrogen in some way inhibited the formation of active enzymes in the polyketide-synthesizing pathway in A. alternata when it was added before these enzymes were formed.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Physiological Botany, University of Uppsala, Sweden.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Orvehed
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Häggblom
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Söderhäll
mesh_terms: D000528:Alternaria / Q000187:drug effects / Q000254:growth & development / Q000378:metabolism*; D005650:Fumarates / Q000494:pharmacology; D005971:Glutamates / Q000494:pharmacology; D018698:Glutamic Acid; D006863:Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; D007783:Lactones / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D003904:Mitosporic Fungi / Q000378:metabolism*; D009183:Mycotoxins / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D009566:Nitrates / Q000494:pharmacology; D009584:Nitrogen / Q000494:pharmacology*; D014508:Urea / Q000494:pharmacology
chemical_list: D005650:Fumarates; D005971:Glutamates; D007783:Lactones; D009183:Mycotoxins; D009566:Nitrates; D018698:Glutamic Acid; C032005:fumaric acid; C031618:sodium nitrate; D014508:Urea; C005197:alternariol; D009584:Nitrogen; C018206:alternariol monomethyl ether