title: Vitamin E in the treatment of tardive dyskinesia: the possible involvement of free radical mechanisms.
abstract: One of the major problems associated with long-term neuroleptic treatment is persistent tardive dyskinesia (TD), for which there is no satisfactory treatment. We have recently proposed that some cases of TD are associated with neuronal dysfunction resulting from excess free radical production occurring during catecholamine metabolism. We therefore decided to assess the efficacy of a powerful free radical scavenging agent, alpha-tocopherol (vitamin E), on the clinical signs of TD. We treated 15 patients with persistent TD with alpha-tocopherol and matched placebo in a randomized crossover design. Patients demonstrated a significant overall reduction in scores on the Abnormal Involuntary Movements Scale (AIMS) after treatment with alpha-tocopherol, but not after placebo. The mean reduction in the AIMS score with alpha-tocopherol was 43 percent, with seven patients showing a greater than 50 percent reduction in their dyskinesia. There was also a trend for a decrease in scores on the Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale, but no change was observed in scores on the Simpson-Angus Scale for Extrapyramidal Side Effects. Our findings are consistent with the possibility that alpha-tocopherol is beneficial in the treatment of some patients with TD, but further research is necessary to establish the efficacy of this agent.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, San Diego Veterans Administration Medical Center, La Jolla, CA 92161.
authors.forename: J B
authors.initials: JB
authors.lastname: Lohr
authors.forename: J L
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Cadet
authors.forename: M A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Lohr
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Larson
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Wasli
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Wade
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Hylton
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Vidoni
authors.forename: D V
authors.initials: DV
authors.lastname: Jeste
authors.forename: R J
authors.initials: RJ
authors.lastname: Wyatt
mesh_terms: D014150:Antipsychotic Agents / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D001921:Brain / Q000187:drug effects*; D002986:Clinical Trials as Topic; D004334:Drug Administration Schedule; D004409:Dyskinesia, Drug-Induced; D005609:Free Radicals; D006801:Humans; D010545:Peroxides / Q000378:metabolism*; D011569:Psychiatric Status Rating Scales; D011897:Random Allocation; D012559:Schizophrenia / Q000188:drug therapy*; D012565:Schizophrenic Psychology; D014810:Vitamin E / Q000008:administration & dosage*
chemical_list: D014150:Antipsychotic Agents; D005609:Free Radicals; D010545:Peroxides; D014810:Vitamin E; C049375:perhydroxyl radical