title: Mortalities associated with use of a commercial suspension of polyvinyl alcohol.
abstract: Two cases of symptomatic neonatal hepatic arteriovenous malformation (AVM) are presented. Both were treated with percutaneous transcatheter embolization and a commercially available polyvinyl alcohol suspension. Both infants died soon after AVM embolization. The results of laboratory examination of particle-size homogeneity of this commercial suspension demonstrate marked inhomogeneity of particle size very probably contributed to the death of these patients. A protocol has been developed to help determine appropriate particle size in individual cases; this may help prevent such catastrophic results during transcatheter embolization.
authors.affiliation: Department of Diagnostic Radiology, University of Minnesota Hospital and Clinic, Minneapolis 55455.
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Repa
authors.forename: G P
authors.initials: GP
authors.lastname: Moradian
authors.forename: L P
authors.initials: LP
authors.lastname: Dehner
authors.forename: S M
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Tadavarthy
authors.forename: D W
authors.initials: DW
authors.lastname: Hunter
authors.forename: W R
authors.initials: WR
authors.lastname: Castañeda-Zúñiga
authors.forename: G B
authors.initials: GB
authors.lastname: Wright
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Katkov
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Johnson
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Chrenka
mesh_terms: D001165:Arteriovenous Malformations / Q000628:therapy; D004617:Embolism / Q000139:chemically induced; D004621:Embolization, Therapeutic / Q000009:adverse effects*; D006801:Humans; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D007235:Infant, Premature, Diseases / Q000628:therapy; D008099:Liver / Q000098:blood supply; D010316:Particle Size; D011142:Polyvinyl Alcohol / Q000009:adverse effects*
chemical_list: D011142:Polyvinyl Alcohol