Tumor necrosis factor enhances replication of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) in vitro.
The effect of tumor necrosis factor (TNF) on the replication of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) was investigated in several T4 lymphocyte cell lines. TNF markedly enhanced the cytopathogenicity of HIV-1, virion-associated reverse transcriptase (RT) activity in the cell culture supernatant, and viral antigen expression in MOLT-4 cells as early as 3 days after HIV-1 infection. A slight increase in RT activity was also observed in the supernatant of H9 cell cultures exposed to TNF. However, TNF did not increase either RT activity in MT-4 cell supernatants or viral antigen expression in HUT-78 cells. Thus, TNF is able to stimulate the replication of HIV-1 in de novo infected T4 cells although not all T4 cells seem to be sensitive to this stimulatory effect.
Ito
M
M
Department of Bacteriology, Fukushima Medical College, Japan.
Baba
M
M
Sato
A
A
Hirabayashi
K
K
Tanabe
F
F
Shigeta
S
S
De Clercq
E
E
D000956:Antigens, Viral / Q000032:analysis; D002460:Cell Line; D002470:Cell Survival / Q000187:drug effects; D015497:HIV-1 / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology* / Q000648:ultrastructure; D006801:Humans; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000494:pharmacology*; D014779:Virus Replication / Q000187:drug effects*
D000956:Antigens, Viral; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha