title: Evaluation of soybean meal, corn gluten meal, blood meal and fish meal as sources of nitrogen and amino acids disappearing from the small intestine of steers.
abstract: The value of soybean meal (SBM), corn gluten meal (CGM), blood meal (BM) and fish meal (FM) in supplying N and amino acids (AA) escaping ruminal microbial degradation and disappearing from the small intestine (SI) was studied in steers using a regression approach. Replacement of corn starch in diets with protein sources resulted in decreases (P less than .05) in efficiency of microbial protein synthesis. Ruminal ammonia-N (NH3-N) had the greatest increase (P less than .05) when SBM was fed; BM supplementation resulted in only nonsignificant increases in ruminal NH3-N (P greater than .05). Soybean meal had the lowest proportion of N escaping ruminal degradation (.21). Corn gluten meal-N (.86) and BM-N (.92) escaped ruminal degradation to the greatest extent, and FM-N was intermediate (.68). Protein sources followed similar trends in providing absorbable nonbacterial N to the SI. Thirteen (+/- 6.2) percent of SBM-N was absorbed from the SI; 69 (+/- 6.2), 68 (+/- 9.1) and 50 (+/- 10.1)% of CGM-N, BM-N and FM-N, respectively, were absorbed from the SI. Values for ruminal escape and SI availability for individual and total AA are presented. Of the essential AA (EAA), threonine, valine and isoleucine were more resistant to ruminal degradation; methionine, cysteine, histidine and arginine were more extensively degraded than the total AA supply. Of the EAA escaping ruminal degradation, cysteine, histidine and threonine tended to be less digestible, whereas arginine was more digestible in the SI than the total AA supply.
authors.affiliation: Dept. of Anim. Sci., University of Illinois, Urbana 61801.
authors.forename: E C
authors.initials: EC
authors.lastname: Titgemeyer
authors.forename: N R
authors.initials: NR
authors.lastname: Merchen
authors.forename: L L
authors.initials: LL
authors.lastname: Berger
mesh_terms: D000596:Amino Acids / Q000378:metabolism*; D000821:Animal Feed; D000818:Animals; D002417:Cattle / Q000378:metabolism*; D004044:Dietary Proteins / Q000378:metabolism*; D004063:Digestion; D005396:Fish Products; D005983:Glutens; D007421:Intestine, Small / Q000378:metabolism; D008297:Male; D009584:Nitrogen / Q000378:metabolism*; D012417:Rumen / Q000378:metabolism*; D013025:Glycine max; D003313:Zea mays
chemical_list: D000596:Amino Acids; D004044:Dietary Proteins; D005983:Glutens; D009584:Nitrogen