title: Changes in pulmonary lavage fluid of guinea pigs exposed to ultrafine zinc oxide with adsorbed sulfuric acid.
abstract: Ultrafine metal oxide particles (diameters less than 0.1 microns) and sulfur dioxide are important products of coal combustion. Interaction of these products in the effluent stream results in formation of ultrafine particles with adsorbed sulfur compounds, including sulfuric acid. The toxicity of ultrafine zinc oxide particles with adsorbed sulfuric acid was evaluated by comparing pulmonary lavage fluid from guinea pigs exposed for 1, 2, 3, 4, or 5 consecutive daily 3-h periods to ultrafine zinc oxide generated in the presence of sulfur dioxide (ZnO + SO2) to pulmonary lavage fluid from guinea pigs exposed to an equivalent concentration of ultrafine ZnO. Two groups of guinea pigs exposed either to SO2 or to particle-free furnace gas served as additional controls. Cells, protein, and activities of lactate dehydrogenase, acid phosphatase, and alkaline phosphatase were increased in lavage fluid obtained from guinea pigs exposed to ZnO + SO2 as compared to guinea pigs exposed to ZnO. These results demonstrate the potential importance of ultrafine metal oxides as carries of sulfuric acid derived from fossil fuel combustion.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, Boston University School of Medicine, Massachusetts.
authors.forename: M W
authors.initials: MW
authors.lastname: Conner
authors.forename: W H
authors.initials: WH
authors.lastname: Flood
authors.forename: A E
authors.initials: AE
authors.lastname: Rogers
authors.forename: M O
authors.initials: MO
authors.lastname: Amdur
mesh_terms: D000135:Acid Phosphatase / Q000032:analysis; D000393:Air Pollutants / Q000633:toxicity; D000469:Alkaline Phosphatase / Q000032:analysis; D000818:Animals; D001992:Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid / Q000032:analysis* / Q000201:enzymology; D005966:Glucuronidase / Q000032:analysis; D006168:Guinea Pigs; D008297:Male; D009504:Neutrophils / Q000032:analysis; D011506:Proteins / Q000032:analysis; D013464:Sulfuric Acids / Q000633:toxicity*; D015032:Zinc / Q000633:toxicity*; D015034:Zinc Oxide / Q000633:toxicity*
chemical_list: D000393:Air Pollutants; D011506:Proteins; D013464:Sulfuric Acids; D000469:Alkaline Phosphatase; D000135:Acid Phosphatase; D005966:Glucuronidase; D015032:Zinc; C033158:sulfuric acid; D015034:Zinc Oxide