title: The potential risk of thrombosis during coronary angiography using nonionic contrast media.
abstract: The influence of contrast media on coagulation has an important association with thromboembolic complication during coronary angiography. In this study, whole blood was methodically mixed with nonionic contrast medium, Iohexol (IOH), conventional ionic contrast medium, Hypaque-76 (H76), and low osmolar ionic dimer Hexabrix (HB) in vitro. The thrombotic propensity of contrast agents can be evaluated by measuring the clot formation of the mixtures. The experiments were repeated with whole blood after systemic heparinization. In the in vitro study, 5 ml of canine (N = 10) and 3 ml of human (N = 11) whole blood was incubated for 30 min in glass tubes with equal volumes of IOH, H76, HB, and 0.9% NaCl before heparinization. Clot formation with IOH and 0.9% NaCl were seen both in dogs (4.0 +/- 0.7 gm and 5.6 +/- 0.8 gm) and in patients (1.4 +/- 0.9 gm and 2.9 +/- 1.3 gm), whereas no clot was seen with H76 or XB. Following heparinization, no clot was visualized in any mixture of whole blood with contrast media or 0.9% NaCl. Similar results were observed in the catheter-syringe system with canine blood (N = 11) mixed with the contrast agents. Blood clots found in 15 min and 30 min of IOH were 0.07 +/- 0.08 gm and 0.44 +/- 0.20 gm (P less than 0.01) and of NaCl were 0.29 +/- 0.37 gm and 0.69 +/- 0.38 gm (P less than 0.01).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
authors.affiliation: Loyola University Medical Center, Maywood, Illinois.
authors.forename: M H
authors.initials: MH
authors.lastname: Hwang
authors.forename: Z E
authors.initials: ZE
authors.lastname: Piao
authors.forename: D K
authors.initials: DK
authors.lastname: Murdock
authors.forename: J J
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: Giardina
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Pacold
authors.forename: H S
authors.initials: HS
authors.lastname: Loeb
authors.forename: C V
authors.initials: CV
authors.lastname: Reyes
authors.forename: P J
authors.initials: PJ
authors.lastname: Scanlon
mesh_terms: D000792:Angiography; D000818:Animals; D001777:Blood Coagulation / Q000187:drug effects*; D003287:Contrast Media / Q000633:toxicity*; D017023:Coronary Angiography; D003327:Coronary Disease / Q000517:prevention & control*; D003328:Coronary Thrombosis / Q000517:prevention & control*; D003973:Diatrizoate / Q000633:toxicity; D003974:Diatrizoate Meglumine / Q000633:toxicity; D004285:Dogs; D004338:Drug Combinations / Q000633:toxicity; D006801:Humans; D066298:In Vitro Techniques; D007472:Iohexol / Q000633:toxicity; D007485:Ioxaglic Acid / Q000633:toxicity; D009994:Osmolar Concentration; D012307:Risk Factors
chemical_list: D003287:Contrast Media; D004338:Drug Combinations; D003973:Diatrizoate; D003974:Diatrizoate Meglumine; D007472:Iohexol; C027278:urovision; D007485:Ioxaglic Acid