title: The effect of glycerol-related osmotic changes on post-thaw motility and acrosomal integrity of ram spermatozoa.
abstract: Ram semen, collected by artificial vagina, was diluted and processed for long-term storage as described by P. S. Fiser, L. Ainsworth, and R. W. Fairfull (Canad. J. Anim. Sci. 62, 425-428, 1982). The concentration of the cryoprotectant, glycerol, was adjusted to 4% in the diluted semen prior to freezing by a one-step addition at 30 degrees C (Method 1), by cooling the semen to 5 degrees C and addition of the glycerol gradually over 30 min (Method 2), by one-step addition of glycerol prior to equilibration for 2 hr (Method 3), or by cooling to 5 degrees C, followed by a holding period of 2 hr at 5 degrees C, and the one-step addition of glycerol just prior to freezing (Method 4). After thawing, the glycerol concentration of the semen was reduced by stepwise dilution from 4 to 0.4% over 15 or 30 min or by a one-step ten-fold dilution. The average post-thaw percentage of motile spermatozoa was significantly lower after addition of glycerol by Method 1 (39.9%) than when the glycerol was added by the other three methods (range, 44.0-46.4% averaged over the glycerol dilution). The average post-thaw percentage of intact acrosomes (61.2%), highest in semen in which the glycerol was added by Method 2, was not significantly different from those in which glycerol was added to semen by Methods 3 and 4, but it was significantly higher than that found in semen in which the glycerol was added by Method 1 (54.4%). However, when averaged over the method of glycerolation, the post-thaw percentage of motile spermatozoa (range, 43.7-44.2%) and the percentage of intact acrosomes (range, 56.8-59.5%) did not differ significantly in semen subjected to gradual decrease in glycerol concentration and diluent osmolality (over 15 and 30 min) or by a one-step, 10-fold dilution. These data indicate that post-thaw survival of spermatozoa can be influenced by the way in which glycerol is added prior to freezing. However, post-thaw spermatozoa motility and acrosomal integrity can be maintained even after a rapid decrease in glycerol concentration such as that which accompanies insemination or dilution of semen for assessment of motility.
authors.affiliation: Animal Research Centre, Agriculture Canada, Ottawa, Ontario.
authors.forename: P S
authors.initials: PS
authors.lastname: Fiser
authors.forename: R W
authors.initials: RW
authors.lastname: Fairfull
mesh_terms: D000177:Acrosome / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000502:physiology; D000818:Animals; D005615:Freezing; D005990:Glycerol / Q000494:pharmacology*; D008297:Male; D009995:Osmosis / Q000187:drug effects; D012662:Semen Preservation / Q000662:veterinary*; D012756:Sheep / Q000502:physiology*; D013081:Sperm Motility / Q000187:drug effects*; D013094:Spermatozoa / Q000187:drug effects*
chemical_list: D005990:Glycerol