title: Vitamin E deficiency in primary biliary cirrhosis: gastrointestinal malabsorption, frequency and relationship to other lipid-soluble vitamins.
abstract: In contrast to deficiencies of vitamins A, D and K, little is known of the prevalence, clinical manifestations and mechanisms of vitamin E deficiency in adult patients with cholestasis. We measured serum vitamin E levels in 45 patients with primary biliary cirrhosis, 20 with primary sclerosing cholangitis, 9 with cryptogenic cirrhosis and 12 with alcoholic cirrhosis. To correct for the hyperlipidemia often found in patients with primary biliary cirrhosis and primary sclerosing cholangitis, total serum lipids were measured and vitamin E levels were expressed as the vitamin E/total serum lipid ratio. Serum vitamin A and D levels and prothrombin time were also determined. Six of 45 patients with primary biliary cirrhosis (13%) but none of the patients with sclerosing cholangitis, cryptogenic cirrhosis or alcoholic cirrhosis and subnormal vitamin E/total serum lipids ratios. Vitamin E deficiency was found in two of eight patients with asymptomatic primary biliary cirrhosis. There was no correlation between standard liver biochemical tests, fasting serum cholylglycine and vitamin E levels. Patients with primary biliary cirrhosis and primary sclerosing cholangitis had significantly lower vitamin E/total serum lipids ratios than patients with either cryptogenic or alcoholic cirrhosis. Twenty-three percent of patients with primary biliary cirrhosis were vitamin D deficient and 14% had low vitamin A levels. Two of the six patients with vitamin E deficiency were also deficient in vitamin D, only one was vitamin A deficient and none had prolonged prothrombin time. We also investigated the gastrointestinal absorption of vitamin E in nine patients with primary biliary cirrhosis and normal vitamin E levels as well as in six normal controls.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, Jefferson Medical College of Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19107.
authors.forename: S J
authors.initials: SJ
authors.lastname: Muñoz
authors.forename: J E
authors.initials: JE
authors.lastname: Heubi
authors.forename: W F
authors.initials: WF
authors.lastname: Balistreri
authors.forename: W C
authors.initials: WC
authors.lastname: Maddrey
mesh_terms: D002784:Cholesterol / Q000097:blood; D006801:Humans; D007408:Intestinal Absorption; D008105:Liver Cirrhosis, Biliary / Q000150:complications*; D012995:Solubility; D014280:Triglycerides / Q000097:blood; D014802:Vitamin A Deficiency / Q000209:etiology; D014808:Vitamin D Deficiency / Q000209:etiology; D014810:Vitamin E / Q000378:metabolism; D014811:Vitamin E Deficiency / Q000209:etiology*; D014813:Vitamin K Deficiency / Q000209:etiology
chemical_list: D014280:Triglycerides; D014810:Vitamin E; D002784:Cholesterol