title: [Clinical experiences with alfentanil for balanced anesthesia in upper abdominal surgery].
abstract: METHODS
  Three randomized groups of patients scheduled for upper abdominal surgery received either an initial large bolus of alfentanil combined with low concentrations of isoflurane (group 1), an initial small bolus of alfentanil combined with 50% higher isoflurane concentrations than group 1 (group 2), or isoflurane without opioids (group 3). Blood pressure, heart rates, and anesthetic consumptions were measured and recorded, as were side-effects such as thoracic rigidity, bradycardia, and nausea, and postoperative recovery time.
  
  
  RESULTS
  The mean isoflurane concentration in group 1 was 0.8 vol% combined with an average alfentanil bolus of 6.8 mg and three additional doses of 1.1-1.4 mg. Group 2 received a mean isoflurane concentration of 1.3 vol% combined with four additional doses of 1.3-1.7 mg alfentanil. Group 3 needed an average isoflurane concentration of 1.5 vol%. Side effects of alfentanil were prevented by atropine administration; severe complications were not observed. Postoperative recovery time showed significant differences between groups 1 und 2: group 1 patients were awake within 7.5 min and group 2 within 17 min after the operation. No respiratory depression was detected.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Alfentanil combined with volatile anesthetics produced no severe side-effects in patients scheduled for upper abdominal operations. The pharmacokinetics of alfentanil are advantageous with regard to the postoperative period.
authors.affiliation: Institut für Anaesthesiologie und Reanimation, Universität Heidelberg.
authors.forename: H J
authors.initials: HJ
authors.lastname: Hartung
mesh_terms: D015760:Alfentanil; D000701:Analgesics, Opioid / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D000768:Anesthesia, General; D002986:Clinical Trials as Topic; D005260:Female; D005283:Fentanyl / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000031:analogs & derivatives*; D006801:Humans; D007530:Isoflurane / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D007813:Laparotomy; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011897:Random Allocation
chemical_list: D000701:Analgesics, Opioid; D015760:Alfentanil; D007530:Isoflurane; D005283:Fentanyl
vernacular_title: Klinische Erfahrungen mit Alfentanil zur "balanced anesthesia" bei Oberbauch-Eingriffen.