title: Field bioassays of permethrin-treated uniforms and a new extended duration repellent against mosquitoes in Pakistan.
abstract: Field bioassays were conducted to evaluate the effectiveness of different treatment combinations of permethrin-impregnated clothing and a new extended duration repellent formulation of deet against natural populations of mosquitoes in Islamabad, Pakistan. Tests were initiated 2-2 1/2 hours prior to sunset and volunteers who wore the topical repellent applied it 8 hours earlier. The most effective treatment was a combination of wearing both the permethrin-impregnated clothing and the repellent on exposed skin. This combination provided 100% protection from bites whereas volunteers wearing only treated clothing received 57% protection. Those wearing only repellent received 89% protection, but, under the biting pressure observed, this was not significantly different from the treated clothing-repellent combination.
authors.affiliation: Department of Preventive Medicine and Biometrics, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD 20814-4799.
authors.forename: L L
authors.initials: LL
authors.lastname: Sholdt
authors.forename: C E
authors.initials: CE
authors.lastname: Schreck
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Qureshi
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Mammino
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Aziz
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Iqbal
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001685:Biological Factors; D009033:Culicidae; D006801:Humans; D007299:Insect Bites and Stings / Q000517:prevention & control*; D007302:Insect Repellents; D009569:Nitric Oxide; D010154:Pakistan; D026023:Permethrin; D011481:Protective Clothing; D011722:Pyrethrins
chemical_list: D001685:Biological Factors; D007302:Insect Repellents; D011722:Pyrethrins; D009569:Nitric Oxide; D026023:Permethrin