title: Studies on the enhanced effect of acupuncture analgesia and acupuncture anesthesia by D-phenylalanine (first report)--effect on pain threshold and inhibition by naloxone.
abstract: It has been claimed that the mechanism of acupuncture analgesia can be explained in part by endogenous opioids. If so, it might be possible to enhance the analgesic effect of acupuncture by the administration of endorphins. If D-phenylalanine (DPA), an inhibitor of the endorphin degrading enzyme, is administered, the analgesic effect of acupuncture should be prolonged due to the increased level of endorphins. From the changes of the pain threshold (PT), we investigated whether or not the pre-administration of DPA can enhance the analgesic effect of acupuncture in humans. In addition, we examined the inhibitory effect of naloxone. 1) In all five subjects whose PT was raised after acupuncture anesthesia (respondents), the rise in PT was significantly prolonged by DPA. 2) Out of 10 subjects whose PT remained almost unchanged after acupuncture anesthesia (non-respondents), the PT was increased by DPA in 5 cases. 3) The rise in PT was most prominent when DPA was administered 30 minutes before the start of acupuncture anesthesia. 4) In all 4 respondents in whom the rise in PT persisted after DPA and acupuncture anesthesia, their raised PT dropped after the intravenous injection of naloxone (10 mg). 5) These findings show that DPA enhances the analgesic effect of acupuncture by the "endorphin mechanism."
authors.affiliation: Department of Oriental Medicine, Meiji College of Oriental Medicine, Kyoto, Japan.
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kitade
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Odahara
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Shinohara
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Ikeuchi
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Sakai
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Morikawa
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Minamikawa
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Toyota
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Kawachi
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Hyodo
mesh_terms: D015670:Acupuncture Therapy / Q000379:methods*; D000328:Adult; D000698:Analgesia; D000758:Anesthesia; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D009270:Naloxone / Q000494:pharmacology*; D010146:Pain / Q000503:physiopathology*; D010649:Phenylalanine / Q000494:pharmacology*; D010919:Placebos; D011957:Receptors, Opioid / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D012684:Sensory Thresholds / Q000187:drug effects
chemical_list: D010919:Placebos; D011957:Receptors, Opioid; D009270:Naloxone; D010649:Phenylalanine