title: Limitations of flow cytometric DNA analysis for the diagnosis of bladder cancer.
abstract: Flow cytometric analysis was done on exfoliated urothelial cells from 11 control patients and 31 patients with transitional cell carcinoma: 9 grade I, 11 grade II, and 11 grade III. The determination of aneuploidy by DNA analysis did not provide identification of low-grade tumor cells. Other flow cytometric parameters of cellular change such as cell size, nuclear size, nuclear/cytoplasmic ratio, or cell refractivity may provide better identification of low-grade lesions.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center-Houston.
authors.forename: M A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Boileau
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Swartz
authors.forename: K L
authors.initials: KL
authors.lastname: Schmidt
authors.forename: W A
authors.initials: WA
authors.lastname: Schmidt
mesh_terms: D002295:Carcinoma, Transitional Cell / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000473:pathology; D004273:DNA, Neoplasm / Q000032:analysis*; D005434:Flow Cytometry; D006801:Humans; D001749:Urinary Bladder Neoplasms / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000473:pathology
chemical_list: D004273:DNA, Neoplasm