title: Investigation of an outbreak of Moraxella conjunctivitis at a Navajo boarding school.
abstract: In 1986, an outbreak of Moraxella follicular conjunctivitis occurred in girls attending a Navajo boarding school in New Mexico. We diagnosed 19 cases of culture-proven, and 21 of clinical conjunctivitis based on isolation of Moraxella from conjunctival cultures and the occurrence of symptoms significantly associated with positive culture. Sharing eye makeup was significantly associated with Moraxella-positive conjunctivitis (odds ratio [OR] = 7.2, P = .004) and showed a trend toward significance in those with clinical conjunctivitis (OR = 2.9, P = .09). Eyeliner and eye shadow were implicated (OR = 4.1, P less than .05). We cultured samples of 13 students' makeup; one third of the eyeliners were positive for Moraxella. Nasal carriage of Moraxella was found in 35 (44%) of the 79 female boarders and in 20 (21%) of 97 Navajo patients at two nearby clinics. In a prospective evaluation of the effect of patient education and rifampin therapy on the occurrence of conjunctivitis during an 11-month follow-up period, both types of intervention were successful in significantly reducing the rate of conjunctivitis when compared with that in a control group.
authors.affiliation: Meningitis and Special Pathogens Branch, Centers for Disease Control, Atlanta, Georgia 30333.
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Schwartz
authors.forename: L H
authors.initials: LH
authors.lastname: Harrison
authors.forename: J S
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Motter
authors.forename: R N
authors.initials: RN
authors.lastname: Motter
authors.forename: A W
authors.initials: AW
authors.lastname: Hightower
authors.forename: C V
authors.initials: CV
authors.lastname: Broome
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D001424:Bacterial Infections / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000517:prevention & control; D003228:Conjunctiva / Q000382:microbiology; D003234:Conjunctivitis, Bacterial / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000517:prevention & control; D003358:Cosmetics / Q000009:adverse effects; D004196:Disease Outbreaks / Q000517:prevention & control; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007198:Indians, North American; D008297:Male; D009016:Moraxella / Q000302:isolation & purification; D009516:New Mexico; D009666:Nose / Q000382:microbiology; D010353:Patient Education as Topic; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012293:Rifampin / Q000627:therapeutic use; D012307:Risk Factors
chemical_list: D003358:Cosmetics; D012293:Rifampin