title: The use of dynamic electromyography to evaluate motor control in the hands of adults who have spasticity caused by brain injury.
abstract: A dynamic electromyographic analysis of grasp and release, performed on forty-eight upper extremities of forty-two adults who had had injury to the brain causing spasticity, showed volitional motor control of the finger flexors in 80 per cent and active extension of the fingers in 60 per cent. The flexor pollicis longus showed volitional control in 75 per cent of the hands and the extensor pollicis longus showed active control in 50 per cent. The extensor carpi radialis longus acted as an appropriate stabilizer of the wrist in 85 per cent of the extremities. Fourteen muscles had out-of-phase activity that could not be detected on clinical examination. The position of the elbow did not appreciably influence the electromyographic pattern of motor control in the hand.
authors.affiliation: Adult Brain Injury Service, Rancho Los Amigos Medical Center, Downey, California 90242.
authors.forename: M A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Keenan
authors.forename: R R
authors.initials: RR
authors.lastname: Romanelli
authors.forename: B R
authors.initials: BR
authors.lastname: Lunsford
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D001930:Brain Injuries / Q000150:complications*; D002648:Child; D004576:Electromyography / Q000379:methods; D005260:Female; D006225:Hand / Q000503:physiopathology*; D006429:Hemiplegia / Q000209:etiology / Q000503:physiopathology; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009128:Muscle Spasticity / Q000209:etiology / Q000503:physiopathology*; D011782:Quadriplegia / Q000209:etiology / Q000503:physiopathology