title: Rorschach records of Nazi war criminals: a reanalysis using current scoring and interpretation practices.
abstract: The Nuremberg trials focused worldwide attention on 22 Nazi war criminals. Rorschach Inkblot tests were administered to these Nazi leaders in an attempt to understand the Nazi personality. Past studies which have described and interpreted these Rorschach records have made at least two types of errors in their analyses. One is that of overinterpretation and excessive inference. A second common error has been the failure to detect meaningful distinctions between protocols that represent significant differences in personality style. This latter error is shown in repeated attempts to group all Nazi protocols into one distinct "Nazi personality." This investigation attempted to quantify the analysis of these Nazi Rorschach records, specifically those Nazi leaders who were sentenced to life imprisonment or execution for their war crimes against humanity, by utilizing Exner's (1985a) standardized Comprehensive Scoring System as well as computerized objective interpretation software based on the Exner system (1986). This modern analysis of the Rorschach records demonstrates that the Nazi war criminals cannot be grouped together into one specific mental disorder that would adequately characterize these diverse individuals. The varying degrees of psychopathology of the Nazi leaders are illustrated by analyses of individual Rorschach protocols.
authors.affiliation: Drexel University.
authors.forename: E A
authors.initials: EA
authors.lastname: Zillmer
authors.forename: R P
authors.initials: RP
authors.lastname: Archer
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Castino
mesh_terms: D003417:Criminal Psychology; D003674:Defense Mechanisms; D005858:Germany; D006167:Guilt; D006801:Humans; D007175:Impulsive Behavior / Q000523:psychology; D008297:Male; D011056:Political Systems; D012392:Rorschach Test; D013405:Suicide / Q000523:psychology; D014858:War Crimes