title: Advanced-stage endometrial cancer: contributions of estrogen use, smoking, and other risk factors.
abstract: The contributions of estrogen replacement therapy, smoking, and other risk factors to the development of advanced-stage (2-4) endometrial cancer were evaluated in a case-control study of women 40-69 years old from upstate New York. Eighty-four cases and 168 matched community controls were interviewed in person about estrogen exposure and other risk factors. Despite a statistically significant increase in risk with longer use of estrogen pills (P less than 0.05), estrogen exposure actually contributed little to the overall risk of advanced-stage endometrial cancer. Other physical conditions (increased weight, lower parity, diabetes) and socioeconomic factors (education, access to medical services) largely accounted for advanced-stage disease. The evidence in this study does not support the hypothesis that women who smoke have a lower risk than nonsmokers of developing advanced-stage endometrial cancer.
authors.affiliation: Wadsworth Center for Laboratories and Research, New York State Department of Health, Albany 12201.
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Lawrence
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Tessaro
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Durgerian
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Caputo
authors.forename: R M
authors.initials: RM
authors.lastname: Richart
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Greenwald
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D004522:Educational Status; D004967:Estrogens / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008875:Middle Aged; D009367:Neoplasm Staging; D012044:Regression Analysis; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors; D012494:Sampling Studies; D012907:Smoking / Q000009:adverse effects*; D013997:Time Factors; D014594:Uterine Neoplasms / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000473:pathology* / Q000517:prevention & control
chemical_list: D004967:Estrogens