title: MR imaging of the ankle: normal variants.
abstract: Thirty asymptomatic ankles were studied with high-resolution surface coil magnetic resonance (MR) imaging to identify normal structures. Several normal variants were demonstrated, including (a) Cortical irregularity of the posterior tibiotalar joint (should not be mistaken for osteonecrosis) in 27 of 30 cases; (b) normal posterior talofibular ligament with irregular and frayed superior edge simulating a tear in 13 of 30 cases; (c) normal navicular insertion of the posterior tibial tendon with heterogeneous signal intensity in 14 of 30 cases; (d) deltoid ligament inhomogeneity in seven of ten cases; and (e) fluid in the shared peroneal tendons sheath (may be confused with a longitudinal tendon tear) in three of 30 cases. Ankle imaging with the use of MR is still a relatively new procedure. Further investigation is needed to better define normal anatomy and normal variants.
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, Hospital for Joint Diseases Orthopedic Institute, New York.
authors.forename: A M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Noto
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Cheung
authors.forename: Z S
authors.initials: ZS
authors.lastname: Rosenberg
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Norman
authors.forename: N E
authors.initials: NE
authors.lastname: Leeds
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000843:Ankle Joint / Q000033:anatomy & histology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008279:Magnetic Resonance Imaging; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged