Advanced-stage endometrial cancer: contributions of estrogen use, smoking, and other risk factors.
The contributions of estrogen replacement therapy, smoking, and other risk factors to the development of advanced-stage (2-4) endometrial cancer were evaluated in a case-control study of women 40-69 years old from upstate New York. Eighty-four cases and 168 matched community controls were interviewed in person about estrogen exposure and other risk factors. Despite a statistically significant increase in risk with longer use of estrogen pills (P less than 0.05), estrogen exposure actually contributed little to the overall risk of advanced-stage endometrial cancer. Other physical conditions (increased weight, lower parity, diabetes) and socioeconomic factors (education, access to medical services) largely accounted for advanced-stage disease. The evidence in this study does not support the hypothesis that women who smoke have a lower risk than nonsmokers of developing advanced-stage endometrial cancer.
Lawrence
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C
Wadsworth Center for Laboratories and Research, New York State Department of Health, Albany 12201.
Tessaro
I
I
Durgerian
S
S
Caputo
T
T
Richart
R M
RM
Greenwald
P
P
D000328:Adult; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D004522:Educational Status; D004967:Estrogens / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008875:Middle Aged; D009367:Neoplasm Staging; D012044:Regression Analysis; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors; D012494:Sampling Studies; D012907:Smoking / Q000009:adverse effects*; D013997:Time Factors; D014594:Uterine Neoplasms / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000473:pathology* / Q000517:prevention & control
D004967:Estrogens