title: Modulation of a subthreshold calcium current by the neuropeptide FMRFamide in Aplysia neuron R15.
abstract: 1. The effect of the endogenous neuropeptide FMRFamide (Phe-Met-Arg-Phe-amide) on the Aplysia bursting pacemaker neuron R15 was studied. Brief local applications of FMRFamide, both on R15 somata in situ, and on R15 somata that were isolated and maintained in primary cell culture, cause a hyperpolarization of the membrane potential and a suppression of spontaneous bursting or beating pacemaker activity. 2. Two-electrode voltage-clamp experiments revealed that FMRFamide decreases the amplitude of an inward current, which activates with depolarization starting at a membrane potential less depolarized than the threshold for action potentials. Previous studies have established that this subthreshold inward current is carried by calcium and is essential for the generation of bursting pacemaker activity in Aplysia neurons. The effect of FMRFamide on the subthreshold inward current of R15 is blocked by divalent cation calcium channel blockers, such as cobalt and manganese, and is unaffected by changing the external concentration of potassium or chloride ions, or addition of blockers of the calcium-activated potassium current, such as external tetraethylammonium or internal EGTA. 3. The subthreshold calcium current of R15 is also decreased by dopamine and by an unidentified synaptic neurotransmitter. These substances mimic and occlude the action of FMRFamide on the subthreshold calcium current, suggesting that all three transmitters converge to affect the same population of calcium channels in neuron R15. 4. The subthreshold calcium current is enhanced by neurotransmitters that elevate cyclic AMP in R15, including serotonin, and the Aplysia neuropeptide egg-laying hormone (ELH). Likewise, the effect of FMRFamide on the subthreshold calcium current is enhanced by serotonin, ELH, and a cyclic AMP analog, suggesting that FMRFamide and cyclic AMP have antagonistic actions on the same population of calcium channels in neuron R15. 5. We conclude that the suppression of spontaneous bursting or beating pacemaker activity in neuron R15 by FMRFamide is due to a decrease in the subthreshold calcium current. The subthreshold calcium current in R15 is a common target for modulation by many different transmitters, acting via several distinct molecular mechanisms.
authors.affiliation: Graduate Department of Biochemistry, Brandeis University, Waltham, Massachusetts 02254.
authors.forename: R H
authors.initials: RH
authors.lastname: Kramer
authors.forename: E S
authors.initials: ES
authors.lastname: Levitan
authors.forename: G M
authors.initials: GM
authors.lastname: Carrow
authors.forename: I B
authors.initials: IB
authors.lastname: Levitan
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001048:Aplysia; D001683:Biological Clocks / Q000187:drug effects; D015220:Calcium Channels / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000502:physiology; D000242:Cyclic AMP / Q000502:physiology; D004298:Dopamine / Q000494:pharmacology; D004553:Electric Conductivity; D004558:Electric Stimulation; D019835:FMRFamide; D008564:Membrane Potentials / Q000187:drug effects*; D009474:Neurons / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000502:physiology; D009479:Neuropeptides / Q000494:pharmacology*; D018377:Neurotransmitter Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D013569:Synapses / Q000187:drug effects
chemical_list: D015220:Calcium Channels; D009479:Neuropeptides; D018377:Neurotransmitter Agents; D019835:FMRFamide; D000242:Cyclic AMP; D004298:Dopamine