title: Tumor necrosis factor enhances replication of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) in vitro.
abstract: The effect of tumor necrosis factor (TNF) on the replication of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) was investigated in several T4 lymphocyte cell lines. TNF markedly enhanced the cytopathogenicity of HIV-1, virion-associated reverse transcriptase (RT) activity in the cell culture supernatant, and viral antigen expression in MOLT-4 cells as early as 3 days after HIV-1 infection. A slight increase in RT activity was also observed in the supernatant of H9 cell cultures exposed to TNF. However, TNF did not increase either RT activity in MT-4 cell supernatants or viral antigen expression in HUT-78 cells. Thus, TNF is able to stimulate the replication of HIV-1 in de novo infected T4 cells although not all T4 cells seem to be sensitive to this stimulatory effect.
authors.affiliation: Department of Bacteriology, Fukushima Medical College, Japan.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ito
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Baba
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Sato
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Hirabayashi
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Tanabe
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Shigeta
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: De Clercq
mesh_terms: D000956:Antigens, Viral / Q000032:analysis; D002460:Cell Line; D002470:Cell Survival / Q000187:drug effects; D015497:HIV-1 / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology* / Q000648:ultrastructure; D006801:Humans; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000494:pharmacology*; D014779:Virus Replication / Q000187:drug effects*
chemical_list: D000956:Antigens, Viral; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha