title: Emergency department detection and follow-up of high blood pressure: use and effectiveness of community health workers.
abstract: This study introduced trained paraprofessionals, community health workers (CHWs), into the emergency department (ED) to supplement providers' routine efforts in high blood pressure (HBP) detection, treatment, and follow-up among high-risk black men. In a demonstration project over a 2-year period, CHWs provided (1) BP and pulse measurements, and educational counseling regarding HBP and cardiovascular risk factors; (2) telephone preappointment reminders to improve ED follow-up visit rates; and (3) recontact of patients failing to show for their ED follow-up visits to improve return rates even after missed BP appointments. Results of preappointment reminders by CHWs showed a 19% improvement in appointment keeping (P less than .001). With a sample of patients who had failed to return for a follow-up visit, CHW contact was also effective, showing an overall improvement rate of 7% (P less than .001). The results reported support the idea that individuals from the community, trained as paraprofessionals, can improve appointment keeping as well as be useful in assisting in screening and counseling for chronic conditions within the ED. These CHWs are seen as having the additional advantage of enhancing the integration of the ED, the community, and continuing care sites. The approaches used in this study should be applicable and may serve as a model for the approach to other chronic conditions experienced in urban high-risk communities.
authors.affiliation: Department of Health Policy and Management, School of Hygiene and Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21205.
authors.forename: L R
authors.initials: LR
authors.lastname: Bone
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Mamon
authors.forename: D M
authors.initials: DM
authors.lastname: Levine
authors.forename: J M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Walrath
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Nanda
authors.forename: H T
authors.initials: HT
authors.lastname: Gurley
authors.forename: E K
authors.initials: EK
authors.lastname: Noji
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Ward
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001071:Appointments and Schedules; D015142:Baltimore; D003150:Community Health Workers; D004636:Emergency Service, Hospital / Q000458:organization & administration*; D005069:Evaluation Studies as Topic; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D006973:Hypertension / Q000175:diagnosis*; D008297:Male; D008489:Medical Indigency; D010353:Patient Education as Topic; D012017:Referral and Consultation; D014505:Urban Population