title: Glycemic responses in insulin-dependent diabetic patients: effect of food composition.
abstract: This study examined the hypothesis that the glucose component of food and not the total carbohydrate is the major determinant of the glycemic response in patients with insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. Patients were given glucose alone, fructose alone, glucose + fructose, lactose, and glucose + fat + protein. Fructose given alone increased the blood glucose almost as much as a similar amount of glucose (78% of the glucose-alone area, p less than 0.05). However, the same amount of fructose given with glucose produced no greater glycemic response than did glucose alone (108%). Similarly, galactose contributed only slightly to the glycemic response when given as lactose (122%, p less than 0.01) whereas protein and fat had no additional glycemic effect (101%). To test the above hypothesis in natural foods, patients were fed an amount of bread (high glycemic index) or apple (low glycemic index) that contained 25 g glucose. Both challenges produced glycemic responses very similar to 25 g purified glucose.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, University of Alabama, Birmingham.
authors.forename: T A
authors.initials: TA
authors.lastname: Hughes
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Atchison
authors.forename: J B
authors.initials: JB
authors.lastname: Hazelrig
authors.forename: B R
authors.initials: BR
authors.lastname: Boshell
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000378:metabolism*; D003922:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1 / Q000097:blood*; D004040:Dietary Carbohydrates / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D004041:Dietary Fats / Q000008:administration & dosage; D004044:Dietary Proteins / Q000008:administration & dosage; D005260:Female; D005502:Food; D005632:Fructose / Q000008:administration & dosage; D005947:Glucose / Q000008:administration & dosage; D006801:Humans; D007785:Lactose / Q000008:administration & dosage; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged
chemical_list: D001786:Blood Glucose; D004040:Dietary Carbohydrates; D004041:Dietary Fats; D004044:Dietary Proteins; D005632:Fructose; D005947:Glucose; D007785:Lactose