title: Effects of retinoid beta-glucuronides and N-retinoyl amines on the differentiation of HL-60 cells in vitro.
abstract: Retinoyl beta-glucuronide and retinyl beta-glucuronide, which are naturally occurring water-soluble metabolites of vitamin A, induce the granulocytic differentiation of HL-60 cells in vitro, as evidenced by an increased reduction of nitroblue tetrazolium. The relative effectiveness of various retinoids in differentiation is retinoic acid greater than retinoyl beta-glucuronide greater than retinyl beta-glucuronide. Under the selected assay conditions, retinol, hydroxyphenyl-retinamide, retinamide, and N-retinoyl-phenylalanine are essentially inactive in differentiation. At concentrations of retinoids from 10(-9) to 10(-5) M, cell viability was best with the retinoid beta-glucuronides and retinamide, less with retinoic acid and retinol, and poorest with the N-retinoyl aromatic amines. Cellular growth was depressed only slightly by retinyl beta-glucuronide and retinamide, but to a greater degree by the other derivatives. Retinoyl beta-glucuronide was hydrolyzed in part to retinoic acid, whereas retinyl beta-glucuronide was cleaved to retinol, if at all, at a very slow rate. Under the selected assay conditions, retinoic acid and the retinoid beta-glucuronides primarily induce the differentiation of HL-60 cells, whereas the N-retinoyl aromatic amines show cytotoxicity.
mesh_terms: D002454:Cell Differentiation / Q000187:drug effects; D002455:Cell Division / Q000187:drug effects; D002460:Cell Line; D017313:Fenretinide; D006801:Humans; D015470:Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute / Q000503:physiopathology*; D009580:Nitroblue Tetrazolium / Q000378:metabolism; D010084:Oxidation-Reduction / Q000187:drug effects; D014212:Tretinoin / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000494:pharmacology; D014801:Vitamin A / Q000494:pharmacology
chemical_list: D014801:Vitamin A; D017313:Fenretinide; D009580:Nitroblue Tetrazolium; C026787:retinoyl glucuronide; D014212:Tretinoin; C054442:N-retinoylphenylalanine; C054441:retinamide