title: [T cell receptors. New knowledge of structure, genetic organisation, ontogenesis, and malignant transformation].
abstract: T cell receptors which are members of the "immunoglobulin-superfamily" are capable of discriminating "self" from "non-self" and can be considered as analogues membrane-bound immunoglobulins. The minimal essential component, an alpha/beta glycoprotein heterodimer, is structurally similar to Fab1-fragments of immunoglobulins with constant and variable domains. Its genomic organisation strongly resembles that of antibodies. The alpha/beta-heterodimer is found to be associated with the CD3 complex of T lymphocyte membranes triggering cell activation. Another member of the T cell receptor family, the gamma-chain, is expressed during early stages of intrathymic differentiations. Cytotoxic and helper T cell lines contain gamma-chain-specific mRNA in much smaller amounts. It may be a reliable marker of T cell malignancies. The T alpha-gene family is also involved in the pathogenesis of T cell malignancies.
mesh_terms: D000596:Amino Acids / Q000032:analysis; D000818:Animals; D000911:Antibodies, Monoclonal / Q000627:therapeutic use; D000944:Antigens, Differentiation, B-Lymphocyte; D000945:Antigens, Differentiation, T-Lymphocyte; D000954:Antigens, Surface / Q000032:analysis / Q000276:immunology; D001402:B-Lymphocytes / Q000276:immunology / Q000648:ultrastructure; D002471:Cell Transformation, Neoplastic; D002906:Chromosomes, Human, 6-12 and X / Q000032:analysis; D006680:HLA Antigens / Q000276:immunology; D006801:Humans; D007127:Immunoglobulin Constant Regions / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology; D007140:Immunoglobulin Fab Fragments / Q000032:analysis; D007135:Immunoglobulin Variable Region / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology; D007137:Immunoglobulin alpha-Chains / Q000145:classification; D007167:Immunotherapy; D007938:Leukemia / Q000097:blood / Q000276:immunology / Q000628:therapy; D008223:Lymphoma / Q000097:blood / Q000276:immunology / Q000628:therapy; D008970:Molecular Weight; D051381:Rats; D011948:Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell / Q000032:analysis / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology / Q000502:physiology*; D013601:T-Lymphocytes / Q000145:classification / Q000502:physiology / Q000648:ultrastructure*; D001613:beta 2-Microglobulin / Q000145:classification
chemical_list: D000596:Amino Acids; D000911:Antibodies, Monoclonal; D000944:Antigens, Differentiation, B-Lymphocyte; D000945:Antigens, Differentiation, T-Lymphocyte; D000954:Antigens, Surface; D006680:HLA Antigens; D007127:Immunoglobulin Constant Regions; D007140:Immunoglobulin Fab Fragments; D007135:Immunoglobulin Variable Region; D007137:Immunoglobulin alpha-Chains; D011948:Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell; D001613:beta 2-Microglobulin
vernacular_title: T-Zellrezeptoren. Neue Erkenntnisse zu Struktur, genetischer Organisation, Ontogenese und maligner Transformation.