title: Hemodynamic changes and renal plasma flow in early heart failure: implications for renin, aldosterone, norepinephrine, atrial natriuretic peptide and prostacyclin.
abstract: Vasoconstrictory and vasodilatory hormone systems may be important in the regulation of peripheral vascular resistance and renal hemodynamics in the early phase of heart failure. The activity of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS), the sympathetic nervous activity, and, as possible counterregulating systems, the activity of prostacyclin and atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) were studied in 6 conscious dogs during the first 4 days of congestive heart failure in relation to hemodynamic changes and renal plasma flow. Congestive heart failure was induced by rapid right ventricular pacing, which caused a considerable decrease of cardiac output (-38%; p less than 0.05), oxygen saturation of the mixed venous blood (-13%; p less than 0.05), and mean arterial pressure (-24 mm Hg; p less than 0.05) on the 4th day. Mean pulmonary arterial pressure and mean pulmonary capillary wedge pressure increased (+4 mm Hg; p less than 0.05 and +7 mm Hg, respectively; p less than 0.05). Renal plasma flow was slightly reduced (N.S.), renal vascular resistance did not change. Peripheral vascular resistance showed a significant increase only on the 1st day. Sympathetic nervous activity was stimulated (from 175 +/- 31 pg/ml to 391 +/- 100 pg/ml; p less than 0.05), while plasma renin concentration was significantly suppressed on the 4th day (from 3.3 +/- 0.4 ngAI/ml/h to 1.9 +/- 0.5 ngAI/ml/h; p less than 0.05), and plasma aldosterone levels were decreased (from 108 +/- 12 pg/ml to 76 +/- 12 pg/ml; p less than 0.05). ANP increased 3-fold (p less than 0.05) and 6-keto-prostaglandin F1 alpha increased in 4 out of 6 dogs.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
mesh_terms: D015121:6-Ketoprostaglandin F1 alpha / Q000097:blood; D000450:Aldosterone / Q000097:blood; D000818:Animals; D009320:Atrial Natriuretic Factor / Q000097:blood; D004285:Dogs; D011464:Epoprostenol / Q000097:blood; D005260:Female; D006333:Heart Failure / Q000503:physiopathology*; D006439:Hemodynamics; D009638:Norepinephrine / Q000097:blood; D012079:Renal Circulation; D012083:Renin / Q000097:blood; D012084:Renin-Angiotensin System; D013997:Time Factors; D014655:Vascular Resistance
chemical_list: D000450:Aldosterone; D015121:6-Ketoprostaglandin F1 alpha; D009320:Atrial Natriuretic Factor; D011464:Epoprostenol; D012083:Renin; D009638:Norepinephrine