title: Theoretical and practical aspects of B-cell activation: murine and human systems.
abstract: We have reviewed observations which were made during studies of murine and human B-cell responses in vitro. One currently faces difficulties in drawing any clear schema as to which external signals elicit which responses (activation, proliferation, differentiation) in B cells. However, the most potent antigen-dependent or polyclonal B-cell responses in vitro occur when, in addition to various cytokines, accessory cells, serum etc., the cultures contain either a) intact T-helper cells which enter into cell-to-cell contact with B cells, or b) some B-cell "mitogen" (T-independent antigen). Murine B cells activated with LPS and anti-Ig antibodies represent a model for the study of IL2 receptor expression and function. LPS does not act on human B cells. Certain mutant EL-4 thymoma cells are potent activators of murine and human B cells via a direct cell-to-cell interaction. The majority of human B cells can be induced to proliferate and generate a few hundred antibody-secreting cells each in the presence of such thymoma cells and a mixture of cytokines. From a practical point of view, this observation should be useful in a variety of investigations such as the analysis of the human B-cell specificity repertoire.
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000955:Antigens, T-Independent / Q000276:immunology; D001402:B-Lymphocytes / Q000276:immunology*; D006801:Humans; D008213:Lymphocyte Activation; D008211:Lymphocyte Cooperation; D051379:Mice; D013601:T-Lymphocytes / Q000276:immunology; D006377:T-Lymphocytes, Helper-Inducer / Q000276:immunology
chemical_list: D000955:Antigens, T-Independent