title: De novo 21/21 translocation Down syndrome. Studies of parental origin of the translocation and acrocentric associations in parents.
abstract: Among ten families with de novo 21/21 translocation Down syndrome (tDS), four were informative, according to the studies of structural variants of chromosome 21, about the origin of the aberrant chromosome. In three of these, the translocation originated in the paternal and in one in the maternal gametogenesis. The parents with meiotic failure were compared with 20 control individuals (10 males and 10 females). There were no significant differences between them in the association coefficient of chromosome 21 and in the frequency of 21-21 associations. Similar results were obtained previously with the entire sample of tDS parents. The results obtained, unless they reflect too small a sample, suggest that the origin of the aberrant chromosome is not related to an increased chromosome 21 association tendency. It could be supposed that in the case of an apparent 21/21 translocation, the 21q isochromosome, morphologically indistinguishable from the Robertsonian translocation, is in question. The Ag-NOR negative acrocentrics in the tDS parents reappeared in the probands confirming the heritability of that nucleolus organizer regions (NOR) trait.
mesh_terms: D002871:Chromosome Banding; D002904:Chromosomes, Human, 21-22 and Y / Q000648:ultrastructure; D004314:Down Syndrome / Q000235:genetics*; D005260:Female; D005718:Gametogenesis; D006801:Humans; D007621:Karyotyping; D008297:Male; D009697:Nucleolus Organizer Region / Q000648:ultrastructure; D014178:Translocation, Genetic