title: Pre- and post-hatch ultrastructural and metabolic changes in the hatching muscle of turkey embryos from antibiotic and glucose treated eggs.
abstract: Hatching muscle of turkey embryos from eggs previously dipped in an antibiotic solution with or without glucose, was studied at three developmental stages, 'knocking', 'pipping' and 'post-hatch'. In both treated and untreated groups, occurrence of relaxed muscle fibres was more characteristic of pre-hatch than post-hatch stages. Glycogen decreased toward post-hatch in all groups while lactate increased in untreated and antibiotic groups. In the antibiotic group, glycogen was lower (all stages) and lactate higher (pre-hatch stages) than in the untreated group. In the glucose-added group, there was no reduction in glycogen, but glycolysis seemed to be further enhanced (as indicated by higher lactate) in pre-hatch stages. Thus, providing eggs with glucose may help maintain higher muscle glycogen level even during active glycolysis. The free fatty acid (FFA) level in the untreated group progressively increased from knocking to post-hatch, indicating mobilization of fat as fuel. The antibiotic group had a higher FFA level than the untreated group during knocking and pipping. In the glucose-added group, FFA at knocking was even higher than that at the corresponding stage in the antibiotic group.
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D004625:Embryo, Nonmammalian / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism / Q000648:ultrastructure*; D005947:Glucose / Q000494:pharmacology*; D006003:Glycogen / Q000378:metabolism; D006019:Glycolysis / Q000187:drug effects; D008854:Microscopy, Electron / Q000379:methods; D009132:Muscles / Q000187:drug effects / Q000196:embryology* / Q000648:ultrastructure; D000198:Spectinomycin / Q000494:pharmacology*; D014422:Turkeys
chemical_list: D006003:Glycogen; D000198:Spectinomycin; D005947:Glucose