title: Calcium antagonists reduce the extent of infarction in rat middle cerebral artery occlusion model as determined by quantitative magnetic resonance imaging.
abstract: The appearance and evolution of brain infarcts over 3 days following proximal occlusion of the left middle cerebral artery (MCA) in SHR rats were measured non-invasively by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Infarcts were clearly visible in coronal, T2 weighted brain sections, 24, 48 and 72 h after MCA occlusion in the left hemisphere, as areas of increased NMR signals. The infarcts were quantified by pixel counting in each section, the sum of 4 sections representing an accurate estimate of the total infarct size. The location and extent of infarction, determined by MRI, were found to be highly reproducible and correlated well with post-mortem histological and biochemical data. A neurological score, made every 24 h, paralleled the evolution of the infarct size, which culminated after 48 h. Pre- or post-treatment of MCA occluded rats with the dihydropyridine calcium antagonist PN 200-110 resulted in a substantial reduction of infarct size, determined by MRI 24, 48 and 72 h after infarction, compared to vehicle treated controls. These findings were corroborated by corresponding improvements of the neurological scores as well as histological and biochemical data. Post-treatment with nimodipine showed qualitatively similar effects. These results support the notion that calcium antagonists, through vascular and/or metabolic mechanisms, are effective in treating acute stroke. Since they were obtained in a chronic, relevant model of stroke with a method directly applicable also to humans, they should encourage further clinical studies with calcium antagonists.
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001921:Brain / Q000473:pathology; D002121:Calcium Channel Blockers / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D002544:Cerebral Infarction / Q000188:drug therapy*; D017275:Isradipine; D009682:Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; D008297:Male; D009553:Nimodipine / Q000627:therapeutic use; D010069:Oxadiazoles / Q000627:therapeutic use; D051381:Rats; D011918:Rats, Inbred SHR
chemical_list: D002121:Calcium Channel Blockers; D010069:Oxadiazoles; D009553:Nimodipine; D017275:Isradipine