title: Dermatologic manifestations of fluoride exposure.
abstract: The dermatologic manifestations of fluoride/fluorine exposure have not been established definitively. There is no evidence of allergic dermatologic reactions to fluorides, and the most reproducible toxic reactions are those to inorganic gaseous fluorines and solutions of hydrogen fluoride, which produce burns. Anecdotal associations have included papulondular and pustular eruptions secondary to topical fluoride-containing preparations, telangiectases and Chizzola maculae in the setting of airborne inorganic fluorides. Carefully controlled studies are needed to identify fluoride as the primary cause of these dermatoses, as well as to correlate the gross pathology, specific histopathology, and plasma levels of fluorine.
mesh_terms: D003875:Drug Eruptions / Q000209:etiology*; D005459:Fluorides / Q000009:adverse effects*; D006801:Humans; D012867:Skin / Q000187:drug effects
chemical_list: D005459:Fluorides