Prevention of atrophic rhinitis in piglets by means of intranasal administration of a live non-AR-pathogenic Bordetella bronchiseptica vaccine.
The effect of intranasal vaccination of piglets with live non-AR-pathogenic Bordetella bronchiseptica (BB-) against Atrophic Rhinitis (AR) was investigated in a preliminary investigation and in a field trial. In the preliminary investigation 2-day-old SPF piglets (n = 13) were vaccinated. Three weeks after vaccination, challenges were carried out by means of a spray with an AR-pathogenic B (BB+) or an AR-pathogenic Pasteurella multocida (PM+) broth-culture. Four weeks later the piglets were necropsied and examined for atrophy of the ventral conchae (AVC). In contrast with the non-vaccinated SPF piglets, the vaccinated piglets showed a strong and significant reduction of AVC, after both BB+ and PM+ challenge. In the field trial three groups were formed by drawing lots: ten litters (82 piglets) were vaccinated; ten litters (92 piglets) formed the control group and 11 litters (104 piglets) were treated with a placebo. The litters were spread over two units. In unit 1 AR and PM+ were demonstrated incidentally, in unit 2, however, persistently. BB+ was isolated equally frequently in both units. Clinical and bacteriological examinations were done in piglets of 3, 6 and 8 weeks of age. Necropsy examinations was carried out in 41 piglets of 8 weeks of age, chosen randomly by drawing lots. In spite of a second vaccination at the age of 3 weeks, BB- was not well established; this was possibly caused by maternal BB antibodies. In the control and placebo groups PM+ was isolated earlier and more frequently than BB+. It appeared that AVC was correlated more strongly with PM+ than with BB+ infection in the field trial. The percentage of piglets with Brachygnathia superior (BS) at the age of 8 weeks indicated the AR situation in the herd. Although a significant reduction of AVC was determined in unit 2, it was not sufficient to indicate that this method of intranasal vaccination is useful in the prevention of AR in practice.
D000281:Administration, Intranasal; D000818:Animals; D001428:Bacterial Vaccines; D001884:Bordetella / Q000276:immunology* / Q000472:pathogenicity; D010325:Pasteurella / Q000276:immunology / Q000472:pathogenicity; D012044:Regression Analysis; D012222:Rhinitis, Atrophic / Q000517:prevention & control / Q000662:veterinary*; D013047:Specific Pathogen-Free Organisms; D013552:Swine; D013553:Swine Diseases / Q000517:prevention & control*
D001428:Bacterial Vaccines