title: The reaction of skin to primers used in the "single-step" bonding systems.
abstract: A large number of direct bonding systems have been introduced for use by dentists and dental hygienists. Although these agents are used for direct bonding of brackets to enamel, contact with skin, oral mucosa, and gingiva is not uncommon. These products have wide clinical use, but their biocompatibility characteristics have not been extensively investigated. The present study was undertaken to determine the effects of the primer component of Mono-Lok (Rocky Mountain) and the primer component of Control (Lancer Pacific) on skin. Three adult Macaca mulatta monkeys were used in the study. The skin on their backs was shaved and the primer component of Control, primer component of Mono-Lok, and saline solution were applied at different sites every 3 days for up to four applications. The skin was examined clinically and, 5 days after the last application, a biopsy was performed for histologic evaluation. The skin in contact with the primer component of Mono-Lok exhibited pronounced inflammatory changes and was characterized by swelling, vesiculation, and ulceration. Histologic observations confirmed these findings by showing a marked inflammatory cellular response characterized by eosinophils. In contrast to these findings, the skin in contact with the primer component of Control or saline solution exhibited normal architecture. Histologic observations supported this appearance and showed minimal inflammatory cell infiltration. These results show that there are differences in the biocompatibility of direct bonding systems and that further studies are needed to clarify their long-term effects on patients and dental personnel.
mesh_terms: D000485:Allergens; D000818:Animals; D017438:Bisphenol A-Glycidyl Methacrylate; D001768:Blister / Q000473:pathology; D003188:Composite Resins / Q000494:pharmacology*; D001840:Dental Bonding; D008253:Macaca mulatta; D009967:Orthodontic Appliances; D011109:Polymethacrylic Acids / Q000494:pharmacology*; D012867:Skin / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000473:pathology; D014456:Ulcer / Q000473:pathology
chemical_list: D000485:Allergens; D003188:Composite Resins; D011109:Polymethacrylic Acids; D017438:Bisphenol A-Glycidyl Methacrylate