title: Subtyping phosphoglucomutase-1 in semen stains and bloodstains: a report on the method.
abstract: A method is described for obtaining nondistorted, reproducible phosphoglucomutase-1 subtyping patterns from semen stains and bloodstains. Isoelectric focusing of phosphoglucomutase-1 was accomplished in 80 min in a 0.2-mm-thick polyacrylamide gel with an interelectrode wick distance of 8.0 cm. The gel contained 1.2% (w/v) N-(2-hydroxyethyl) piperazine-N-3-propanesulfonic acid (EPPS) and pH 5 to 7 ampholytes (4% w/v). When maintained at room temperature, laboratory-prepared bloodstains and semen stains could be typed for phosphoglucomutase-1 up to four months and three weeks, respectively. An evaluation of phosphoglucomutase-1 typing by isoelectric focusing and the Group I system was performed on casework samples submitted to the FBI Laboratory. In addition to the increased discriminating probability of phosphoglucomutase-1 when subtyped, isoelectric focusing yielded an increase in positive calls on questioned bloodstains (65.6 versus 36.2%) and dried seminal stains (16.4 versus 13.1%) compared with the Group I system.
mesh_terms: D001801:Blood Stains; D005260:Female; D005554:Forensic Medicine; D006801:Humans; D007525:Isoelectric Focusing; D008297:Male; D010733:Phosphoglucomutase / Q000235:genetics*; D012661:Semen / Q000201:enzymology*
chemical_list: D010733:Phosphoglucomutase