Duration of immunity after hepatitis B vaccination: efficacy of low-dose booster vaccine.
Although the efficacy of hepatitis vaccine is well documented, the duration of immunity of healthy adults after vaccination is unknown. We studied 245 hospital employees 3 years after primary vaccination with hepatitis B vaccine to determine the prevalence of immunity indicated by levels of antibody to hepatitis B surface antigen of 10 mIU/mL or greater; and to compare the immunogenicity of low-dose intradermal vaccine with standard-dose intramuscular vaccine in persons found to be seronegative. Thirty-eight percent of employees studied had antibody levels less than 10 mIU/mL. Low levels were associated with smoking, older age, and higher body-mass index. Seventy-eight percent of persons with low antibody levels responded to a single booster vaccine. Two micrograms of intradermal vaccine was as effective as 20 micrograms of intramuscular vaccine in inducing an antibody response; however, intradermal vaccine was associated with more local reactions (42% compared with 17%). Many healthy adults will need periodic boosters of hepatitis B vaccine to maintain production of antibody to hepatitis B surface antigen; low-dose intradermal booster schedules may be feasible.
D000328:Adult; D005260:Female; D006510:Hepatitis B Antibodies / Q000032:analysis*; D006514:Hepatitis B Surface Antigens / Q000276:immunology; D017325:Hepatitis B Vaccines; D006801:Humans; D007117:Immunization, Secondary; D007271:Injections, Intradermal; D007273:Injections, Intramuscular; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010564:Personnel, Hospital; D012307:Risk Factors; D014761:Viral Hepatitis Vaccines / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000276:immunology*
D006510:Hepatitis B Antibodies; D006514:Hepatitis B Surface Antigens; D017325:Hepatitis B Vaccines; D014761:Viral Hepatitis Vaccines