title: Local complications following intravenous benzodiazepines in the dorsum of the hand. A comparison between midazolam and Diazemuls in sedation for dentistry.
abstract: Two hundred patients requiring sedation for minor oral surgery were randomly allocated to receive either midazolam or diazepam as Diazemuls intravenously through a 23-gauge indwelling needle in the dorsum of the hand. The site of injection was inspected at 7 days and 14 days post injection and assessed for pain, tenderness, redness, induration, painless thrombosis, and thrombophlebitis. The mean dose administered was 0.119 mg/kg of midazolam and 0.298 mg/kg of Diazemuls. At 7 days there was no significant difference in venous complications. At the 14 day follow up, the midazolam group had a significantly greater incidence of tenderness and redness (p less than 0.001 and p less than 0.05 respectively using Chi squared test). The incidence of thrombophlebitis in the midazolam group was 2% at 7 days and 1% at 14 days, the corresponding figures in those given Diazemuls being none and 1% respectively. We conclude that the dorsum of the hand is a satisfactory site of injection for administration of these drugs. The higher incidence of minor complications at 14 days following midazolam was offset by its more reliable amnesic properties.
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001569:Benzodiazepines / Q000009:adverse effects*; D003814:Dentistry, Operative; D003975:Diazepam / Q000009:adverse effects*; D006801:Humans; D006993:Hypnotics and Sedatives / Q000009:adverse effects*; D007275:Injections, Intravenous / Q000009:adverse effects; D008874:Midazolam; D013924:Thrombophlebitis / Q000139:chemically induced; D014652:Vascular Diseases / Q000139:chemically induced
chemical_list: D006993:Hypnotics and Sedatives; D001569:Benzodiazepines; D003975:Diazepam; D008874:Midazolam