title: Detergents as selective inhibitors and inactivators of enzymes.
abstract: In order to study the detergent-enzyme interaction and to clarify whether such an interaction produces specific or non-specific effects, we investigated the action of natural and synthetic detergents on enzymatic systems of different levels of complexity (crystalline enzymes, crude homogenates, organ preparations, organisms in toto i.e. rats and germinating seeds). The enzyme-detergent interaction was examined both as a time-independent phenomenon (inhibition) and as a time-dependent phenomenon (inactivation). In in vitro experiments a clear inhibition of pyridine-dependent dehydrogenases by long-chain anionic detergents was found. Cationic detergents have their greatest effect on lipase, LDH, MDH and ICDH from rat liver homogenates. At low concentrations SDS inactivates all the dehydrogenase enzymes studied. With high concentrations (10 mM) of SDS and dodecyltrimethylammonium bromide (C12), there was a sharp and non-specific decrease of enzymatic activities. In the in vivo studies, rats were given detergents to drink; the cationic detergent (C12) was far more effective than SDS with enzymes from both intestine and liver homogenates. SDS and C12 do not seem to interfere with enzyme activities at the beginning of the germination of Pinus pinea and Triticum durum seeds. However a marked reduction of activities does occur at the respective maximum germination times of these seeds. The nonionic detergent is ineffective both as inhibitor and as inactivator.
mesh_terms: D000426:Alcohol Dehydrogenase; D000429:Alcohol Oxidoreductases / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors; D000818:Animals; D003902:Detergents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors; D005954:Glucosephosphate Dehydrogenase / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors; D007521:Isocitrate Dehydrogenase / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors; D007700:Kinetics; D007770:L-Lactate Dehydrogenase / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors; D008099:Liver / Q000201:enzymology*; D008291:Malate Dehydrogenase / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors; D008297:Male; D019301:Oleic Acid; D009829:Oleic Acids / Q000494:pharmacology; D010734:Phosphogluconate Dehydrogenase / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors; D010944:Plants / Q000201:enzymology; D051381:Rats; D011919:Rats, Inbred Strains; D012967:Sodium Dodecyl Sulfate / Q000494:pharmacology; D013501:Surface-Active Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*
chemical_list: D003902:Detergents; D004791:Enzyme Inhibitors; D009829:Oleic Acids; D013501:Surface-Active Agents; D019301:Oleic Acid; D012967:Sodium Dodecyl Sulfate; D000429:Alcohol Oxidoreductases; D000426:Alcohol Dehydrogenase; D007770:L-Lactate Dehydrogenase; D008291:Malate Dehydrogenase; D007521:Isocitrate Dehydrogenase; D010734:Phosphogluconate Dehydrogenase; D005954:Glucosephosphate Dehydrogenase