title: Levels and plasma distribution of free and C4b-BP-bound protein S in human fetuses and full-term newborns.
abstract: Levels and plasma distribution of protein S were measured on umbilical cord plasmas from 25 normal full-term newborns and 25 normal fetuses which were between 20 and 31 weeks of gestation. Fetal blood samples were obtained by direct puncture of the umbilical vein under high resolution real-time ultrasound. Total and Free protein S levels were found to be lower in all fetuses and newborns as compared to normal adults. The calculated ratio Total protein S/Free protein S and crossed immunoelectrophoresis patterns indicate that protein S circulates essentially in the free form in fetuses and newborns. These data may be explained by the low levels of C4b-binding protein observed at these stages of development.
authors.affiliation: Laboratoire d'hématologie CHR Trousseau, Tours, France.
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Moalic
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Gruel
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Body
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Foloppe
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Delahousse
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Leroy
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D002352:Carrier Proteins / Q000097:blood*; D003181:Complement C4 / Q000032:analysis*; D003169:Complement Inactivator Proteins; D004797:Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; D005260:Female; D005312:Fetal Blood / Q000032:analysis*; D006023:Glycoproteins / Q000097:blood*; D006801:Humans; D005779:Immunodiffusion; D007122:Immunoelectrophoresis; D007231:Infant, Newborn / Q000097:blood*; D008297:Male; D017293:Protein S; D014914:Whole Blood Coagulation Time
chemical_list: D002352:Carrier Proteins; D003181:Complement C4; D003169:Complement Inactivator Proteins; D006023:Glycoproteins; D017293:Protein S