title: Antiherpes effects and pharmacokinetic properties of 9-(4-hydroxybutyl) guanine and the (R) and (S) enantiomers of 9-(3,4-dihydroxybutyl)guanine.
abstract: Three acyclic guanosine analogs with similar structures, the (R) and (S) forms of 9-(3,4-dihydroxybutyl)guanine and 9-(4-hydroxybutyl)guanine, were compared for antiherpes activity in vivo and in vitro. The three guanosine analogs were viral thymidine kinase-dependent inhibitors of virus multiplication. In cell cultures, (S)-9-(3,4-dihydroxybutyl)guanine was the least active of these three drugs against a variety of herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) and type 2 (HSV-2) strains. This was also the case for a certain HSV-1 or HSV-2 strain in different cell lines. In cell cultures, (R)-9-(3,4-dihydroxybutyl)guanine and 9-(4-hydroxybutyl)guanine had similar antiherpes activities. However, in vivo in cutaneous HSV-1 infections in guinea pigs treated topically and in systemic HSV-2 infections in mice treated orally or intraperitoneally, only (R)-9-(3,4-dihydroxybutyl)guanine had a therapeutic effect. The extremely short half-life in plasma and the high clearance of 9-(4-hydroxybutyl)guanine as compared with those of (R)-9-(3,4-dihydroxybutyl)guanine probably made 9-(4-hydroxybutyl)guanine inefficacious when given intraperitoneally or orally to mice infected with herpesvirus. On the other hand, no kinetic differences between (R)-9-(3,4-dihydroxybutyl)guanine and 9-(4-hydroxybutyl)guanine were observed in penetration through guinea pig skin ex vivo, and no preferential metabolism of 9-(4-hydroxybutyl)guanine in skin was noted. We deduced that high thymidine levels in guinea pig skin preferentially antagonize the antiviral effect of 9-(4-hydroxybutyl) guanine in cutaneous HSV-1 infections.
authors.forename: A C
authors.initials: AC
authors.lastname: Ericson
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Larsson
authors.forename: F Y
authors.initials: FY
authors.lastname: Aoki
authors.forename: W A
authors.initials: WA
authors.lastname: Yisak
authors.forename: N G
authors.initials: NG
authors.lastname: Johansson
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Oberg
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Datema
mesh_terms: D000212:Acyclovir / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000097:blood / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use; D000818:Animals; D000998:Antiviral Agents / Q000097:blood / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D002460:Cell Line; D006224:Cricetinae; D004058:Diffusion; D005260:Female; D006168:Guinea Pigs; D006561:Herpes Simplex / Q000188:drug therapy; D006801:Humans; D007700:Kinetics; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D018139:Simplexvirus / Q000187:drug effects*; D013237:Stereoisomerism
chemical_list: D000998:Antiviral Agents; C039093:9-(4-hydroxybutyl)guanine; C037591:buciclovir; D000212:Acyclovir