title: Unidirectional actions of insulin and Ca2+-dependent hormones on adipocyte pyruvate dehydrogenase.
abstract: Norepinephrine and epinephrine, in the presence of the beta-adrenergic antagonist propranolol (10(-5) M), stimulated adipocyte pyruvate dehydrogenase at low concentrations but inhibited the enzyme at higher concentrations. The alpha-adrenergic agonist, phenylephrine, rapidly stimulated pyruvate dehydrogenase activity in a dose-dependent manner with maximal stimulation observed at 10(-6) M. The stimulation of pyruvate dehydrogenase by phenylephrine was mediated via alpha 1-receptors. Inhibition of pyruvate dehydrogenase by catecholamines was mediated via beta-adrenergic receptors, since the beta-agonist, isoproterenol, and dibutyryl cAMP produced similar effects. Like insulin, alpha-adrenergic agonists increased the active form of pyruvate dehydrogenase without changing the total enzyme activity and cellular ATP concentration. The effects induced by maximally effective concentrations of insulin and alpha-adrenergic agonists were nonadditive. The ability of phenylephrine and methoxamine to stimulate pyruvate dehydrogenase and phosphorylase and to inhibit glycogen synthase was not affected by the removal of extracellular Ca2+. Similarly, the stimulation of pyruvate dehydrogenase and glycogen synthase by insulin was also observed under the same conditions. However, when intracellular adipocyte Ca2+ was depleted by incubating cells in a Ca2+-free buffer containing 1 mM ethylene glycol bis(beta-amino-ethyl ether)-N,N,N' -tetraacetic acid, the actions of alpha-adrenergic agonists, but not insulin, on pyruvate dehydrogenase were completely abolished. Vasopressin and angiotensin II also stimulated pyruvate dehydrogenase in a dose-dependent manner with enhancement of glucose oxidation and lipogenesis. Our results demonstrate that the Ca2+ -dependent hormones stimulate pyruvate dehydrogenase and lipogenesis in isolated rat adipocytes, and the action is dependent upon intracellular, but not extracellular, Ca2+.
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Cheng
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Larner
mesh_terms: D000273:Adipose Tissue / Q000187:drug effects / Q000201:enzymology*; D000818:Animals; D003994:Bucladesine / Q000494:pharmacology; D002118:Calcium / Q000378:metabolism*; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D004837:Epinephrine / Q000494:pharmacology; D007328:Insulin / Q000378:metabolism*; D007545:Isoproterenol / Q000494:pharmacology; D008297:Male; D009638:Norepinephrine / Q000494:pharmacology; D010646:Phentolamine / Q000494:pharmacology; D010656:Phenylephrine / Q000494:pharmacology; D011224:Prazosin / Q000494:pharmacology; D011433:Propranolol / Q000494:pharmacology; D011768:Pyruvate Dehydrogenase Complex / Q000378:metabolism*; D051381:Rats; D011919:Rats, Inbred Strains; D015016:Yohimbine / Q000494:pharmacology
chemical_list: D007328:Insulin; D011768:Pyruvate Dehydrogenase Complex; D010656:Phenylephrine; D015016:Yohimbine; D003994:Bucladesine; D011433:Propranolol; D007545:Isoproterenol; D002118:Calcium; D009638:Norepinephrine; D011224:Prazosin; D004837:Epinephrine; D010646:Phentolamine