title: Bioavailability of oral trimetrexate in patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome.
abstract: The combination of the lipophilic antifolate trimetrexate and the rescue agent leucovorin has shown promise in the treatment of Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. The pharmacokinetic behavior of trimetrexate administered either by intravenous bolus or orally was studied in six patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome with a reversed-phase high-pressure liquid chromatography assay. The mean clearance following bolus injection was 38 ml/min per m2, with a range of 15 to 55 ml/min per m2. The postdistributive half-life ranged from 6 to 16 h. With oral administration, the mean bioavailability was 44% (range, 19 to 67%). An oral dose of 60 mg/m2 (162 mumol/m2) resulted in concentrations in plasma that approximated those achieved with a 30-mg/m2 (81-mumol/m2) intravenous dose. The toxicity of this combination regimen was minimal. It appears that the oral route is a practical route of administration for trimetrexate in patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome requiring long-term outpatient treatment or prophylaxis for P. carinii pneumonia.
authors.affiliation: Department of Critical Care Medicine, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland 20892.
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Rogers
authors.forename: C J
authors.initials: CJ
authors.lastname: Allegra
authors.forename: R F
authors.initials: RF
authors.lastname: Murphy
authors.forename: J C
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Drake
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Masur
authors.forename: D G
authors.initials: DG
authors.lastname: Poplack
authors.forename: B A
authors.initials: BA
authors.lastname: Chabner
authors.forename: J E
authors.initials: JE
authors.lastname: Parrillo
authors.forename: H C
authors.initials: HC
authors.lastname: Lane
authors.forename: F M
authors.initials: FM
authors.lastname: Balis
mesh_terms: D000163:Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome / Q000150:complications / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000378:metabolism*; D000284:Administration, Oral; D000328:Adult; D001682:Biological Availability; D002851:Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; D005493:Folic Acid Antagonists / Q000493:pharmacokinetics* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D006207:Half-Life; D006801:Humans; D007275:Injections, Intravenous; D008875:Middle Aged; D011799:Quinazolines / Q000493:pharmacokinetics* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D016597:Trimetrexate
chemical_list: D005493:Folic Acid Antagonists; D011799:Quinazolines; D016597:Trimetrexate