title: Pediatric urologic oncology.
abstract: Effective chemotherapy combined with surgery has produced excellent disease-free survival rates in most children with genitourinary malignancy. For patients with Wilms' tumor, the overall 2-year survival rate with no evidence of disease is greater than 90 per cent, and the interval of chemotherapy continues to be reduced for those children with low-stage lesions and favorable histologic patterns. In children with pelvic rhabdomyosarcoma, primary cytoreductive chemotherapy has proved to be an effective alternative to exenterative surgery. Patients with yolk-sac tumor who have localized disease need not be subjected to the potential morbidity of retroperitoneal lymph-adenectomy or the toxicity of adjuvant chemotherapy. Conversely, patients with advanced disease can be salvaged with recently developed combination chemotherapeutic regimens.
authors.forename: S A
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: Kramer
mesh_terms: D002675:Child, Preschool; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007680:Kidney Neoplasms / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000473:pathology / Q000532:radiotherapy / Q000601:surgery; D008297:Male; D008649:Mesonephroma / Q000473:pathology / Q000628:therapy; D009367:Neoplasm Staging; D009447:Neuroblastoma / Q000032:analysis / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000473:pathology / Q000628:therapy; D011379:Prognosis; D011471:Prostatic Neoplasms / Q000473:pathology; D012208:Rhabdomyosarcoma / Q000473:pathology / Q000628:therapy; D013736:Testicular Neoplasms / Q000473:pathology / Q000628:therapy; D001749:Urinary Bladder Neoplasms / Q000473:pathology; D014571:Urologic Neoplasms / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000473:pathology / Q000628:therapy; D014594:Uterine Neoplasms / Q000473:pathology; D014625:Vaginal Neoplasms / Q000473:pathology; D009396:Wilms Tumor / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000473:pathology / Q000532:radiotherapy / Q000601:surgery