Asialo von Willebrand factor interactions with platelets. Interdependence of glycoproteins Ib and IIb/IIIa for binding and aggregation.
Asialo von Willebrand factor (AS-vWf) binds to and aggregates normal human platelets in the absence of ristocetin. Maximal specific binding of AS-vWf is 1-2 micrograms vWf protein/10(8) platelets. Despite the specificity of the binding, only 60% of the bound AS-vWf can be dissociated after equilibrium has been reached. We investigated the site of binding and the mechanism of aggregation of platelets by AS-vWf by (a) pre-incubating platelets with either of two monoclonal antibodies, one against glycoprotein Ib (GPIb) or a second against the glycoprotein IIb/IIIa complex (GPIIb/IIIa), and (b) varying the concentration of fibrinogen in the medium. The results of our studies indicate that AS-vWf binds initially to GPIb. This binding then results in the exposure of receptors for AS-vWf on GPIIb/IIIa. In the presence of plasma fibrinogen, both AS-vWf and fibrinogen bind to GPIIb/IIIa. In the presence of plasma fibrinogen, 50% more AS-vWf binds to the platelet, and this additional AS-vWf binds almost exclusively to GPIIb/IIIa. Despite this enhanced binding of AS-vWf in the absence of fibrinogen, platelet aggregation is much less than that which occurs in the presence of plasma fibrinogen. Comparative studies of AS-vWf binding to normal platelets and the platelets of patients with Glanzmann's thrombasthenia reveal decreased binding to the thrombasthenic platelets and a marked decrease in the extent of platelet aggregation. These studies indicate that AS-vWf binding to, and ensuing aggregation of, platelets is different from that observed with intact vWf protein when platelets are stimulated with either ristocetin or thrombin. The AS-vWf binds to GPIb which, in turn, makes additional AS-vWf receptors available on GPIIb/IIIa. If plasma fibrinogen is present, it competes with the AS-vWf for binding to GPIIb/IIIa and causes aggregation of platelets. In the presence of plasma fibrinogen, more of the AS-vWf binds to GPIIb/IIIa, but this AS-vWf is much less effective than fibrinogen in supporting platelet aggregation.
Grainick
H R
HR
Williams
S B
SB
Coller
B S
BS
D000911:Antibodies, Monoclonal; D001212:Asialoglycoproteins; D001779:Blood Coagulation Factors / Q000378:metabolism*; D001792:Blood Platelets / Q000502:physiology*; D006023:Glycoproteins / Q000502:physiology*; D006801:Humans; D008565:Membrane Proteins / Q000502:physiology*; D010974:Platelet Aggregation; D010980:Platelet Membrane Glycoproteins; D011956:Receptors, Cell Surface / Q000502:physiology; D014841:von Willebrand Factor / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000378:metabolism*
D000911:Antibodies, Monoclonal; D001212:Asialoglycoproteins; D001779:Blood Coagulation Factors; D006023:Glycoproteins; D008565:Membrane Proteins; D010980:Platelet Membrane Glycoproteins; D011956:Receptors, Cell Surface; C044131:asialo-von Willebrand Factor; D014841:von Willebrand Factor; C028254:von Willebrand factor receptor