title: The physiology and pharmacology of spinal opiates.
authors.forename: T L
authors.initials: TL
authors.lastname: Yaksh
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Noueihed
mesh_terms: D000700:Analgesics / Q000627:therapeutic use; D000818:Animals; D001522:Behavior, Animal / Q000187:drug effects; D004064:Digestive System / Q000187:drug effects; D004361:Drug Tolerance; D006439:Hemodynamics / Q000187:drug effects; D006801:Humans; D007267:Injections; D007278:Injections, Spinal; D009270:Naloxone / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors; D009294:Narcotics / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D009476:Neurons, Efferent / Q000378:metabolism; D011597:Psychomotor Performance / Q000187:drug effects; D011957:Receptors, Opioid / Q000378:metabolism; D013116:Spinal Cord / Q000187:drug effects; D013329:Structure-Activity Relationship; D001743:Urinary Bladder / Q000187:drug effects
chemical_list: D000700:Analgesics; D009294:Narcotics; D011957:Receptors, Opioid; D009270:Naloxone