title: Contact dermatitis from nickel: an investigation of its sources.
abstract: Patch tests with the GEIDC standard series of allergens, and with 8 washers made of copper, nickel, nickel-palladium, palladium, brass, bronze, gold and iron, were carried out in 964 consecutive patients who complained of intolerance to metals and in 200 controls who did not. All subjects were also questioned as to personal and family history of atopy, occupational contact and intolerance to gold. The results provide support for the substitution of nickel in imitation jewelry with metals such as palladium or bronze.
authors.affiliation: Department of Dermatology, Hospital Clinic, Barcelona, Spain.
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Romaguera
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Grimalt
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Vilaplana
mesh_terms: D003035:Cobalt / Q000009:adverse effects; D003877:Dermatitis, Contact / Q000209:etiology*; D009783:Dermatitis, Occupational / Q000209:etiology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008670:Metals / Q000009:adverse effects; D009532:Nickel / Q000009:adverse effects*; D010328:Patch Tests / Q000379:methods; D013030:Spain
chemical_list: D008670:Metals; D003035:Cobalt; C029938:nickel sulfate; D009532:Nickel; C018021:cobaltous chloride