title: Interactions of cholecystokinin, beta-endorphin, and their antagonists on passive avoidance behavior in rats.
abstract: The effects of cholecystokinin octapeptide (CCK-8), cholecystokinin tetrapeptide amide (CCK-4), beta-endorphin, proglumide, and naloxone on passive avoidance behavior were studied in rats. Intracerebroventricular (i.c.v.) injection of beta-endorphin (1-10 micrograms) had no significant influence on the latency of the avoidance response in intact rats. Also, beta-endorphin (0.05-5 micrograms, i.c.v.) did not affect the response in rats treated with electroconvulsive shock (ECS). The preventive effect of CCK-8 (0.1-1.0 micrograms, i.c.v.) on ECS-induced amnesia was partly antagonized by beta-endorphin (0.05-10 micrograms, i.c.v.). Intraperitoneal (i.p.) injection of naloxone (1-10 mg/kg) could not prevent ECS-induced amnesia, but continuous subcutaneous infusion of this drug (2 mg/day, 7 days) completely abolished the amnesia. Naloxone (1 and 10 mg/kg, i.p.) also partly antagonized amnesia induced by proglumide (1 and 10 micrograms, i.c.v.) and prevented it when induced by CCK-4 (5 and 10 micrograms, i.c.v.). The results indicate the facilitating action of naloxone and the inhibitory effect of beta-endorphin on memory, suggesting that the endogenous opiate systems are involved in some way in the memory processes.
authors.affiliation: Shionogi Research Laboratories, Osaka, Japan.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Itoh
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Katsuura
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Takashima
mesh_terms: D000647:Amnesia / Q000139:chemically induced; D000818:Animals; D001362:Avoidance Learning / Q000187:drug effects*; D002766:Cholecystokinin / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology*; D004597:Electroshock; D007274:Injections, Intraperitoneal; D007276:Injections, Intraventricular; D008297:Male; D009270:Naloxone / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology; D011377:Proglumide / Q000494:pharmacology; D051381:Rats; D011919:Rats, Inbred Strains; D001615:beta-Endorphin / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology*
chemical_list: D009270:Naloxone; D001615:beta-Endorphin; D002766:Cholecystokinin; D011377:Proglumide