title: Bloodstain characterization in the EAP, Hp, Hb, AK and Glo I typing systems using minigels and the PhastSystem.
abstract: Application of minigels and the PhastSystem to obtain phenotyping results from bloodstains in the EAP, Hp, AK, and Glo I typing systems was investigated. Nonequilibrium isoelectric focusing with 4-6.5 PhastGel produced readily interpretable phenotypes in the EAP typing system. Both 4-6.5 and 5-8 PhastGel produced AK typing system phenotypes using nonequilibrium isoelectric focusing conditions. The 8-25% PAG PhastGel developed by two staining techniques allowed discrimination of phenotypes for the Hp typing system. Phenotypes from the Glo I typing system were also obtained with this gel type. Variant haemoglobins could be detected on pH 5-8 PhastGel using isoelectric focusing conditions. Much potential for standardized, rapid phenotyping of bloodstains was found to exist utilizing the PhastSystem.
authors.affiliation: Research Specialist and Research Technologist, RCMP, Central Forensic Laboratory, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada.
authors.forename: G G
authors.initials: GG
authors.lastname: Shutler
authors.forename: D C
authors.initials: DC
authors.lastname: Tompkins
mesh_terms: D000135:Acid Phosphatase / Q000235:genetics; D000243:Adenosine Deaminase / Q000235:genetics; D000263:Adenylate Kinase / Q000235:genetics; D001788:Blood Grouping and Crossmatching / Q000295:instrumentation*; D001797:Blood Protein Electrophoresis / Q000295:instrumentation*; D001801:Blood Stains; D004798:Enzymes / Q000235:genetics*; D004912:Erythrocytes / Q000201:enzymology; D006242:Haptoglobins / Q000235:genetics; D006801:Humans; D007525:Isoelectric Focusing / Q000295:instrumentation*; D007791:Lactoylglutathione Lyase / Q000235:genetics; D008838:Microcomputers; D010641:Phenotype; D010733:Phosphoglucomutase / Q000235:genetics
chemical_list: D004798:Enzymes; D006242:Haptoglobins; D000263:Adenylate Kinase; D000135:Acid Phosphatase; D000243:Adenosine Deaminase; D007791:Lactoylglutathione Lyase; D010733:Phosphoglucomutase