Effect of carbonated water on growth performance of cockerels subjected to constant and cyclic heat stress temperatures.
Three growth trials were performed to determine the effect of carbonated water on growth performance of cockerels subjected to heat stress temperatures. In Trial 1, a 2 X 2 X 2 factorial design was used to test growth performance of Columbian crossbred cockerels between 8 and 11 weeks of age. The birds were subjected to either cyclic (day-night) heat stress (H) temperature (29 to 34 C) or cyclic (day-night) moderate (M) temperature (25 to 29 C), fed either a corn soy grower (G) diet or a 20% alfalfa diet (A), and provided with tap (TW) or carbonated (CW) drinking water. In Trial 2, a 2 X 4 X 2 factorial was used to access the effect of CW on growth performance of Hubbard cockerels between 4 and 7 weeks of age. Birds were grown in the M or H cyclic thermal environments with dietary treatments consisting of A, G, A plus 1% sodium bicarbonate (AB) and G plus 1% sodium bicarbonate (GB). In Trial 3, a 2 X 2 factorial was used to test the effect of CW on growth performance of Hubbard cockerels fed the G diet and subjected to either constant heat stress (33 C) or thermoneutral (25 C) temperatures. A 24-hr photoperiod was used in each experiment. In all three trials, heat stress reduced (P less than .05) average daily gain (ADG), feed intake, and feed efficiency (G/F).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Bottje
W G
WG
Harrison
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D000821:Animal Feed; D000818:Animals; D001639:Bicarbonates / Q000494:pharmacology; D001835:Body Weight / Q000187:drug effects*; D001842:Bone and Bones / Q000378:metabolism; D002118:Calcium / Q000378:metabolism; D002245:Carbon Dioxide / Q000494:pharmacology*; D002645:Chickens / Q000254:growth & development*; D004734:Energy Metabolism / Q000187:drug effects; D005527:Food, Fortified; D006358:Hot Temperature; D008297:Male; D010758:Phosphorus / Q000378:metabolism; D011201:Poultry Diseases / Q000378:metabolism / Q000503:physiopathology*; D012964:Sodium / Q000494:pharmacology; D017693:Sodium Bicarbonate; D013312:Stress, Physiological / Q000378:metabolism / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000662:veterinary*; D013977:Tibia; D014867:Water
D001639:Bicarbonates; D014867:Water; D002245:Carbon Dioxide; D010758:Phosphorus; D017693:Sodium Bicarbonate; D012964:Sodium; D002118:Calcium