title: Specificities of monoclonal and polyclonal antibodies that inhibit adsorption of herpes simplex virus to cells and lack of inhibition by potent neutralizing antibodies.
abstract: Polyclonal and monoclonal antibodies to individual herpes simplex virus (HSV) glycoproteins were tested for ability to inhibit adsorption of radiolabeled HSV type 1 (HSV-1) strain HFEMsyn [HSV-1(HFEM)syn] to HEp-2 cell monolayers. Polyclonal rabbit antibodies specific for glycoprotein D (gD) or gC and three monoclonal mouse antibodies specific for gD-1 or gC-1 most effectively inhibited HSV-1 adsorption. Antibodies of other specificities had less or no inhibitory activity despite demonstrable binding of the antibodies to virions. Nonimmune rabbit immunoglobulin G and Fc fragments partially inhibited adsorption when used at relatively high concentrations. These results suggest involvement of gD, gC, and perhaps gE (the Fc-binding glycoprotein) in adsorption. The monoclonal anti-gD antibodies that were most effective at inhibiting HSV-1 adsorption had only weak neutralizing activity. The most potent anti-gD neutralizing antibodies had little effect on adsorption at concentrations significantly higher than those required for neutralization. This suggests that, although some anti-gD antibodies can neutralize virus by blocking adsorption, a more important mechanism of neutralization by anti-gD antibodies may be interference with a step subsequent to adsorption, possibly penetration.
authors.forename: A O
authors.initials: AO
authors.lastname: Fuller
authors.forename: P G
authors.initials: PG
authors.lastname: Spear
mesh_terms: D000327:Adsorption; D000911:Antibodies, Monoclonal / Q000276:immunology*; D000914:Antibodies, Viral / Q000276:immunology; D000918:Antibody Specificity; D002462:Cell Membrane / Q000382:microbiology*; D006801:Humans; D007140:Immunoglobulin Fab Fragments / Q000276:immunology; D007141:Immunoglobulin Fc Fragments / Q000276:immunology; D007074:Immunoglobulin G / Q000276:immunology; D009500:Neutralization Tests; D018139:Simplexvirus / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism*; D014759:Viral Envelope Proteins; D014764:Viral Proteins / Q000276:immunology / Q000502:physiology*
chemical_list: D000911:Antibodies, Monoclonal; D000914:Antibodies, Viral; D007140:Immunoglobulin Fab Fragments; D007141:Immunoglobulin Fc Fragments; D007074:Immunoglobulin G; D014759:Viral Envelope Proteins; D014764:Viral Proteins; C039447:glycoprotein D, Human herpesvirus 1; C038535:glycoprotein gC, herpes simplex virus type 1