title: Effects of in-phase and out-of-phase ovulation induction on early mouse embryos.
abstract: The effects of ovulation induction on pre-implantation embryos (day 4 of gestation) were studied in mature cycling mice (the Jcl:ICR strain) using relatively small doses of pregnant mare's serum (PMS)/human chorionic gonadotropin (HCG) (2.5 or 5 IU each) given at two different stages (in-phase or out-of-phase to the estrous cycle). The proportion of degenerated embryos was increased and the development of the embryos was retarded in the treated groups, especially in the out-of-phase subgroups. Therefore, we propose that the use of PMS/HCG for ovulation induction should be more restricted in mouse reproductive experiments when mature females are used, and that, even when ovulation induction is used, a treatment synchronized to the spontaneous estrous cycle should be elected.
authors.affiliation: Department of Hygiene and Preventive Medicine, Yamagata University School of Medicine, Japan.
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Sakai
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Endo
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001755:Blastocyst / Q000502:physiology*; D006063:Chorionic Gonadotropin / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D004971:Estrus / Q000502:physiology*; D005260:Female; D006064:Gonadotropins, Equine / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D051379:Mice; D008813:Mice, Inbred ICR; D010062:Ovulation Induction / Q000379:methods*
chemical_list: D006063:Chorionic Gonadotropin; D006064:Gonadotropins, Equine