title: Anticardiolipin antibodies in systemic sclerosis: immunological and clinical associations.
abstract: Anticardiolipin antibodies of IgG/IgM class were detected in seven of 28 patients with systemic sclerosis including five of 16 patients severely affected by extensive visceral disease. This severely affected sub-group also showed significant elevations of plasma levels of von Willebrand factor antigen in 10 cases and serum C1q binding activity in seven cases respectively. This triple association raises the possibility that multiple immunological mechanisms are involved in the pathogenesis of systemic sclerosis and its vascular lesions.
authors.affiliation: Department of Haematology, Royal Hallamshire Hospital, Sheffield, UK.
authors.forename: R G
authors.initials: RG
authors.lastname: Malia
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Greaves
authors.forename: L M
authors.initials: LM
authors.lastname: Rowlands
authors.forename: A C
authors.initials: AC
authors.lastname: Lawrence
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Hume
authors.forename: N R
authors.initials: NR
authors.lastname: Rowell
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Moult
authors.forename: C M
authors.initials: CM
authors.lastname: Holt
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Lindsey
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Hughes
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001323:Autoantibodies / Q000032:analysis*; D002308:Cardiolipins / Q000276:immunology*; D003166:Complement Activating Enzymes / Q000378:metabolism; D003172:Complement C1 / Q000378:metabolism; D015922:Complement C1q; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007074:Immunoglobulin G / Q000032:analysis; D007075:Immunoglobulin M / Q000032:analysis; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010978:Platelet Factor 4 / Q000032:analysis; D012595:Scleroderma, Systemic / Q000276:immunology*; D001620:beta-Thromboglobulin / Q000032:analysis; D014841:von Willebrand Factor / Q000032:analysis
chemical_list: D001323:Autoantibodies; D002308:Cardiolipins; D003172:Complement C1; D007074:Immunoglobulin G; D007075:Immunoglobulin M; D001620:beta-Thromboglobulin; D014841:von Willebrand Factor; D010978:Platelet Factor 4; D015922:Complement C1q; D003166:Complement Activating Enzymes