title: Cognitive differentiation, back pain, and psychogenic pain drawings.
abstract: Two groups of subjects with back pain were studied (n = 67). All subjects underwent a battery of psychological tests which included a test of psychological differentiation (the Rod-and-Frame Test), a test of psychological defenses (Meta-contrast Technique), and the Eysenck Personality Inventory. In addition, the subjects drew a pain picture and answered a questionnaire on pain-related issues. Each group of subjects was then subdivided into 4 groups depending on the judged abnormality of their pain drawings. The two main groups were compared overall and the subgroups of the two back-pain groups compared with each other. The Meta-contrast Technique results show that depression was quite common among back-pain subjects as a whole compared to a painless group of subjects. Differences were found on field-dependence; subjects with abnormal pain drawings were more field-dependent than those with "normal" pain drawings. Few other between-group statistical differences were noted between the two back-pain groups. Expected scores on hysteria were not noted among the abnormal drawing makers, neither were there differences between the groups on the items of pain duration, physical functionings, or of depression.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, National University Hospital, Reykjavík, Iceland.
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Líndal
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Udén
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001416:Back Pain / Q000150:complications / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000523:psychology; D003291:Conversion Disorder / Q000150:complications; D003863:Depression / Q000150:complications; D005260:Female; D005364:Field Dependence-Independence; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010555:Personality Inventory; D010556:Personality Tests