title: Effect of carbonated water on growth performance of cockerels subjected to constant and cyclic heat stress temperatures.
abstract: Three growth trials were performed to determine the effect of carbonated water on growth performance of cockerels subjected to heat stress temperatures. In Trial 1, a 2 X 2 X 2 factorial design was used to test growth performance of Columbian crossbred cockerels between 8 and 11 weeks of age. The birds were subjected to either cyclic (day-night) heat stress (H) temperature (29 to 34 C) or cyclic (day-night) moderate (M) temperature (25 to 29 C), fed either a corn soy grower (G) diet or a 20% alfalfa diet (A), and provided with tap (TW) or carbonated (CW) drinking water. In Trial 2, a 2 X 4 X 2 factorial was used to access the effect of CW on growth performance of Hubbard cockerels between 4 and 7 weeks of age. Birds were grown in the M or H cyclic thermal environments with dietary treatments consisting of A, G, A plus 1% sodium bicarbonate (AB) and G plus 1% sodium bicarbonate (GB). In Trial 3, a 2 X 2 factorial was used to test the effect of CW on growth performance of Hubbard cockerels fed the G diet and subjected to either constant heat stress (33 C) or thermoneutral (25 C) temperatures. A 24-hr photoperiod was used in each experiment. In all three trials, heat stress reduced (P less than .05) average daily gain (ADG), feed intake, and feed efficiency (G/F).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
authors.forename: W G
authors.initials: WG
authors.lastname: Bottje
authors.forename: P C
authors.initials: PC
authors.lastname: Harrison
mesh_terms: D000821:Animal Feed; D000818:Animals; D001639:Bicarbonates / Q000494:pharmacology; D001835:Body Weight / Q000187:drug effects*; D001842:Bone and Bones / Q000378:metabolism; D002118:Calcium / Q000378:metabolism; D002245:Carbon Dioxide / Q000494:pharmacology*; D002645:Chickens / Q000254:growth & development*; D004734:Energy Metabolism / Q000187:drug effects; D005527:Food, Fortified; D006358:Hot Temperature; D008297:Male; D010758:Phosphorus / Q000378:metabolism; D011201:Poultry Diseases / Q000378:metabolism / Q000503:physiopathology*; D012964:Sodium / Q000494:pharmacology; D017693:Sodium Bicarbonate; D013312:Stress, Physiological / Q000378:metabolism / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000662:veterinary*; D013977:Tibia; D014867:Water
chemical_list: D001639:Bicarbonates; D014867:Water; D002245:Carbon Dioxide; D010758:Phosphorus; D017693:Sodium Bicarbonate; D012964:Sodium; D002118:Calcium