title: Biochemical characterization of positive cooperativity in the binding of 1 alpha, 25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 to its chick intestinal chromatin receptor.
abstract: We have characterized a positive cooperativity mechanism in the binding of 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 (1,25-(OH)2D3) to its chick duodenum chromatin receptor. The Hill plot which can take account of the possibility of cooperativity resulted in a much better fitting of the experimental data than the Scatchard model (r = +0.998 versus r = -0.94). Concentrating the chromatin receptor preparation from 10 to 40% resulted in an increase of the Hill coefficient (nH) from 1.09 +/- 0.08 to 1.46 +/- 0.08 (S.D.). Increasing the temperature of incubation from 1 degree C to 40 degrees C resulted in a decrease of nH from 1.46 +/- 0.08 to 1.10 +/- 0.02 (S.D.). The calculation of the thermodynamics of the interaction of 1,25-(OH)2D3 with the second binding site of the receptor (from a Van't Hoff plot) showed that this process occurred spontaneously (delta G0 = -11.6 kcal X mol-1 at 1 degree C), was entropy-driven (delta S0 = +26 cal degree-1 mol-1), and was energy-requiring (delta H0 = -4.37 kcal X mol-1). The temperature controlled reversibility of the cooperativity demonstrates that this phenomenon is not an artifact. Finally, in a study of the rate of dissociation of [3H]1,25-(OH)2D3 from the duodenal receptor preparation, we have found two slopes (k-1 = 32 X 10(-3) min-1; k-2 = 3.2 X 10(-3) min-1); this suggests the existence of two species of receptor. These receptor species could result possibly from either a monomer-dimer system or from a conformational change of a monomer via site-site interactions. In conclusion, the positive cooperativity in the binding of 1,25-(OH)2D3 to the two binding sites of its intestinal receptor is an entropy-driven process and requires energy, is reversible with temperature, and has been shown to take place in concentrated chromatin aggregates.
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Wilhelm
authors.forename: A W
authors.initials: AW
authors.lastname: Norman
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002117:Calcitriol / Q000378:metabolism*; D002645:Chickens; D002843:Chromatin / Q000378:metabolism*; D004386:Duodenum / Q000378:metabolism*; D007700:Kinetics; D008297:Male; D011485:Protein Binding; D018167:Receptors, Calcitriol; D011987:Receptors, Steroid / Q000378:metabolism*; D013816:Thermodynamics
chemical_list: D002843:Chromatin; D018167:Receptors, Calcitriol; D011987:Receptors, Steroid; D002117:Calcitriol