title: Effectiveness and tolerability of low-dose cyclophosphamide and low-dose intravenous interleukin-2 in disseminated melanoma [corrected].
abstract: We studied the effects on melanoma of low-dose recombinant interleukin-2 (IL-2) preceded by low-dose cyclophosphamide (CYC). Twenty-seven outpatients, aged 25 to 75 years, were treated with IL-2, 3.6 million U/m2 intravenously (IV), daily for five days on 2 successive weeks beginning three days after 350 mg/m2 of IV CYC. This schedule was repeated at least twice more at 1-week intervals. Six of 24 patients (25%) who received more than one 2-week cycle of treatment had a remission, one complete and five partial, with minor responses in eight others (33.3%). Three patients with rapidly progressive disease, who received only one cycle, were excluded from the analysis of response. The responses comprised remissions of liver metastases in two patients, one of them complete, two complete and two partial regressions of subcutaneous metastases, partial remission of lymph node metastases, and a partial remission of lung nodules. The mean duration of response exceeded 5 months, with two patients treated for greater than 1 year. Toxicity was moderate and controllable and only two patients required hospitalization, both overnight. Lymphokine-activated killer (LAK) cell activation was induced in 17 of the 24 patients, including all six responders, while none of seven patients without LAK activation had a remission. This regimen appeared to be as effective in melanoma as those involving ex vivo activation of LAK cells, and was generally tolerable to patients in all age groups.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, University of Southern California School of Medicine, Los Angeles.
authors.forename: M S
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Mitchell
authors.forename: R A
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: Kempf
authors.forename: W
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Harel
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Shau
authors.forename: W D
authors.initials: WD
authors.lastname: Boswell
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Lind
authors.forename: E C
authors.initials: EC
authors.lastname: Bradley
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000971:Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D003520:Cyclophosphamide / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D004802:Eosinophilia / Q000209:etiology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007376:Interleukin-2 / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D007694:Killer Cells, Natural / Q000276:immunology; D008297:Male; D008545:Melanoma / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000276:immunology; D008875:Middle Aged; D012878:Skin Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000276:immunology; D050378:T-Lymphocytes, Regulatory / Q000187:drug effects
chemical_list: D007376:Interleukin-2; D003520:Cyclophosphamide