title: Rearrangements in the long terminal repeat of extra mouse mammary tumor proviruses in T-cell leukemias of mouse strain GR result in a novel enhancer-like structure.
abstract: Male GR mice develop T-cell leukemia at low frequency late in life. These leukemia cells invariably contain large amounts of mouse mammary tumor virus (MMTV) RNA and MMTV proteins and have extra MMTV proviruses integrated in their DNA. We show here that the extra MMTV proviruses are all derived from the endogenous MMTV provirus associated with the Mtv-2 locus and that the T-cell leukemias are clonal with respect to the acquired MMTV proviruses. The extra MMTV proviruses in six transplantable T-cell leukemia lines studied had rearranged, shortened long terminal repeats (LTRs); each T-cell leukemia, however, had a different LTR rearrangement within its extra MMTV provirus. The alteration within the extra LTRs of T-cell leukemia line 42 involved deletion of 453 nucleotides and generation of a tandem repeat region consisting of regions flanking the deletion. This alteration generated a sequence similar to the adenovirus enhancer core sequence. The viral RNAs in the T-cell leukemias contained corresponding alterations in their U3 regions. These results demonstrate that expression of MMTV in T-cell leukemias of GR mice may be the consequence of the generation of a novel enhancer, which could also stimulate expression of any adjacent cellular oncogene.
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Michalides
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Wagenaar
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Weijers
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002472:Cell Transformation, Viral; D004273:DNA, Neoplasm / Q000235:genetics*; D004279:DNA, Viral / Q000235:genetics; D004742:Enhancer Elements, Genetic; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation; D005809:Genes, Regulator; D007942:Leukemia, Experimental / Q000235:genetics*; D008297:Male; D008324:Mammary Tumor Virus, Mouse / Q000235:genetics*; D051379:Mice; D012091:Repetitive Sequences, Nucleic Acid; D013601:T-Lymphocytes / Q000382:microbiology
chemical_list: D004273:DNA, Neoplasm; D004279:DNA, Viral