title: Nucleotide sequence of two overlapping myc-related genes in avian carcinoma virus OK10 and their relation to the myc genes of other viruses and the cell.
abstract: Avian carcinoma virus OK10 has the genetic structure gag-delta pol-myc-delta env. It shares the transformation-specific myc sequence with three other avian carcinoma viruses (MC29, MH2, CMII) and also with a normal chicken gene proto-myc and the gag, pol, and env elements with non-transforming retroviruses. Unlike the other myc-containing viruses, which synthesize singular myc proteins, OK10 synthesizes two different myc-related proteins of 200 and 57 kDa. Here we have sequenced the myc region of an infectious OK10 provirus to investigate how OK10 synthesizes two different proteins from the same myc domain and to identify characteristic differences between the normal proto-myc gene and the myc-related viral transforming genes. It was found that the 1.6-kilobase myc domain of OK10 is colinear and coterminal with the myc domains of MC29, MH2, and the terminal two exons of proto-myc. It is preceded by the same splice acceptor as the myc sequence of MH2 and as the second proto-myc exon. From this and the known structure of retroviruses, it follows that the OK10 gene encoding the 57-kDa protein is discontinuous with a small 5' exon that includes six gag codons and a large 3' myc exon (delta gag-myc). This gene and the delta gag-myc gene of MH2 are isogenic. The proto-myc-derived intron preceding the myc domain of OK10 is in the same reading frame as the adjacent delta pol and myc domains and, hence, is part of the gag-delta pol-myc gene encoding the 200-kDa protein. Sequence comparisons with proto-myc and MC29 and MH2 indicate that there are no characteristic mutations that set apart the viral myc domains from proto-myc. It is concluded that transforming function of viral myc-related genes correlates with the lack of a viral equivalent of the first proto-myc exon(s) and conjugation of the viral myc domains with large or small retroviral genetic elements rather than with specific point mutations. Because OK10 and MH2 each contain two genes with potential transforming function (namely, delta gag-myc and gag-delta pol-myc or delta gag-mht, respectively), it remains to be determined whether the delta gag-myc genes have transforming function on their own or need helper genes. The possible helper requirement cannot be very specific because the two potential helper genes are very different.
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Hayflick
authors.forename: P H
authors.initials: PH
authors.lastname: Seeburg
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Ohlsson
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Pfeifer-Ohlsson
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Watson
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Papas
authors.forename: P H
authors.initials: PH
authors.lastname: Duesberg
mesh_terms: D001355:Alpharetrovirus / Q000235:genetics*; D000818:Animals; D001353:Avian Leukosis / Q000235:genetics; D001358:Avian Sarcoma Viruses / Q000235:genetics; D001483:Base Sequence; D002471:Cell Transformation, Neoplastic; D002645:Chickens / Q000235:genetics; D005814:Genes, Viral; D006801:Humans; D009154:Mutation; D009857:Oncogenes; D012190:Retroviridae / Q000235:genetics; D013045:Species Specificity