title: Sensitivity of activated human lymphocytes to cyclosporine and its metabolites.
abstract: Alloreactive T cells generated as clones from mixed lymphocyte cultures, or propagated from heart or liver transplant biopsies, were tested for secondary proliferation measured in the primed lymphocyte test in the presence of Cyclosporine A and metabolites fractionated from human bile. Significant differences were observed in Cyclosporine A sensitivity between various cell cultures ranging as high as 100-fold. The liver is the primary site of Cyclosporine A metabolism, which yields a number of hydroxylated and N-dimethylated derivatives that are eventually secreted into the bile. Bile was collected from adult liver transplant patients on Cyclosporine A therapy and following extraction with diethyl ether, separated by high pressure liquid chromatography. Thirteen fractions were tested for their effect on lymphocyte proliferation in concanavalin A activation, mixed lymphocyte cultures and primed lymphocyte test assays. The strongest immunosuppressive effect was found with fraction 8, which contained metabolite M17, which has a single hydroxylation in position 1. Only three other fractions 9, 10, and 13, which contained metabolites M1, M18, and M21, respectively, exhibited immunosuppressive activity, albeit much lower than that of Cyclosporine A. Differences in Cyclosporine A sensitivity among alloreactive T cells followed similar patterns with Cyclosporine A metabolites. Thus, the assessment of the Cyclosporine A effect must consider differences in drug sensitivity of lymphocytes involved in transplant immunity and the generation of metabolites with immunosuppressive activity.
authors.affiliation: Division of Clinical Immunopathology, University of Pittsburgh, PA 15213-3417.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Zeevi
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Venkataramanan
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Burckart
authors.forename: C P
authors.initials: CP
authors.lastname: Wang
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Murase
authors.forename: D H
authors.initials: DH
authors.lastname: Van Thiel
authors.forename: T E
authors.initials: TE
authors.lastname: Starzl
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Makowka
authors.forename: R J
authors.initials: RJ
authors.lastname: Duquesnoy
mesh_terms: D001646:Bile / Q000032:analysis; D001706:Biopsy; D002851:Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; D002999:Clone Cells; D003524:Cyclosporins / Q000378:metabolism / Q000494:pharmacology*; D004306:Dose-Response Relationship, Immunologic; D016027:Heart Transplantation; D006801:Humans; D007165:Immunosuppression Therapy; D066298:In Vitro Techniques; D008099:Liver / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism; D016031:Liver Transplantation; D008213:Lymphocyte Activation; D007959:Lymphocyte Culture Test, Mixed; D013601:T-Lymphocytes / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000276:immunology
chemical_list: D003524:Cyclosporins