title: In vivo creep behavior of the normal and degenerated porcine intervertebral disk: a preliminary report.
abstract: The viscoelastic properties of normal and surgically altered lumbar intervertebral disks from eight immature swine were examined in vivo. Rheological models were used to mathematically characterize the compressive creep-relation behavior of the disks before and after alteration by either chemonucleolysis [chymopapain (Chymodyactin) injection] or denucleation. In the normal disks, a significant modulating effect of respiration was observed that tended to increase the creep deformation response in comparison to that observed during similar in vitro and in situ studies. These results suggest that, in terms of assessing the absolute magnitude of the viscoelastic properties of lumbar disks, the influence of normal physiological function on adjacent vertebrae and surrounding tissues cannot be neglected. Preliminary results obtained from the experimentally altered disks indicated that partial denucleation primarily affected the initial stiffness behavior of the disk (24% decrease in elastic modulus), whereas chemonucleolysis caused changes in both the time-dependent (15% increase in creep rate) and instantaneous (23% decrease in elastic modulus) properties of the disk. Both partial denucleation and acute chemonucleolysis produced biomechanical changes that were comparable to grade II or slightly degenerative, age-related changes found in human lumbar intervertebral disks.
authors.affiliation: Orthopaedic Biomechanics Laboratory, Veterans Administration Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37212.
authors.forename: T S
authors.initials: TS
authors.lastname: Keller
authors.forename: T H
authors.initials: TH
authors.lastname: Hansson
authors.forename: S H
authors.initials: SH
authors.lastname: Holm
authors.forename: M M
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: Pope
authors.forename: D M
authors.initials: DM
authors.lastname: Spengler
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001696:Biomechanical Phenomena; D002917:Chymopapain / Q000494:pharmacology; D004548:Elasticity; D007403:Intervertebral Disc / Q000601:surgery; D007404:Intervertebral Disc Chemolysis; D008159:Lumbar Vertebrae; D008954:Models, Biological; D011859:Radiography; D012016:Reference Values; D012119:Respiration; D013122:Spinal Diseases / Q000503:physiopathology*; D013131:Spine / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000187:drug effects; D013552:Swine; D014783:Viscosity
chemical_list: D002917:Chymopapain