title: Ultralow volume application of organophosphate concentrate in grain terminals: a new occupational health hazard.
abstract: The introduction of ultralow volume (ULV) application of the organophosphate pesticide Fenitrothion in grain terminals presents a risk to workers of skin contact with concentrate. Blood testing, by the Ellman method, of a group of five grain terminal workers working on grain treatment showed a lowering of mean red blood cell cholinesterase (RBC ChE) activity to 23 units/gm Hb (normal value 28-40) with a range of 16-29. The probable cause was identified as percutaneous absorption of Fenitrothion concentrate by workers using ungloved hands to clean blocked drip feed nozzles. Modification of work practices was followed by a rise of mean RBC ChE to 33.6 units/gm Hb (range 32-36) during the following grain treatment season. RBC ChE activity measured during the intervening winter season--that is, a non-exposure period--showed a mean of 33.3 units/gm Hb (range 23-40).
authors.affiliation: Occupational Health and Radiation Control Branch, S A Health Commission, Adelaide, South Australia.
authors.forename: R T
authors.initials: RT
authors.lastname: Gun
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Grycorcewicz
authors.forename: A J
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: Esterman
authors.forename: J B
authors.initials: JB
authors.lastname: Edwards
mesh_terms: D000382:Agricultural Workers' Diseases / Q000097:blood / Q000139:chemically induced*; D002802:Cholinesterases / Q000097:blood; D009783:Dermatitis, Occupational / Q000097:blood / Q000139:chemically induced*; D002523:Edible Grain; D004912:Erythrocytes / Q000201:enzymology; D005278:Fenitrothion / Q000009:adverse effects*; D006801:Humans
chemical_list: D002802:Cholinesterases; D005278:Fenitrothion