title: Human immunodeficiency virus seroprevalence in pediatric patients 2 to 14 years of age at Mama Yemo Hospital, Kinshasa, Zaire.
abstract: Seroprevalence to human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) was determined among 368 children 2 to 14 years of age who were admitted to the pediatric service at Mama Yemo Hospital in Kinshasa, Zaire. Forty (11%) of these patients and only one (1%) of 92 healthy siblings of these patients were HIV seropositive (chi 2 = 8.68, P less than .01). Seropositivity was associated with previous hospitalization, receipt of a blood transfusion prior to the current hospitalization (odds ratio 3.1; 95% confidence interval, 1.5 to 6.4), receipt of medical injections during the past year, and smaller household size. Clinically, HIV seropositivity was associated with the diagnoses of malnutrition and pneumonia. A higher proportion of seropositive children died during the current hospitalization (4/40 v 10/328); when patients with malaria were excluded, the in-hospital mortality of seropositive children was more than eight times higher than that of seronegative children (Fisher exact test, P = .006). Clarification of clinical, immunologic, and epidemiologic features of childhood HIV infection is urgently required because HIV appears to account for or complicate a substantial proportion of pediatric hospitalizations in Kinshasa.
mesh_terms: D000163:Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome / Q000453:epidemiology; D000293:Adolescent; D000914:Antibodies, Viral / Q000032:analysis*; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D017977:Deltaretrovirus / Q000276:immunology*; D015023:Democratic Republic of the Congo; D005260:Female; D015483:HIV Antibodies; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D012306:Risk; D065227:Transfusion Reaction
chemical_list: D000914:Antibodies, Viral; D015483:HIV Antibodies