Effects of different proportions of carbohydrates, polysaccharides/monosaccharides, and different fibers on the metabolic control in diabetic rats.
Recent findings have suggested that diets with a high level of carbohydrates may impair the metabolic control of diabetes mellitus in humans. Moreover, other investigations have indicated that if the simple sugar content is increased in order to attain a proportion of polysaccharides/monosaccharides equal to 1, then neither the blood glucose nor the lipidic response show any change. We have studied the effect of increasing carbohydrates in the diet (59% v 82%), while maintaining cereal fiber levels constant (30%) and replacing cereal fiber in high carbohydrate diets by guar gum (30%) and lentil-derived leguminous fiber (30%) on the metabolic control of streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. A study with different diets was performed for 3 weeks. An increase of carbohydrates in the diet produces an increase in the HbA1 concentration (1.9% v 3.9%, P less than 0.01) and in serum triglyceride levels (98.75 +/- 22.09 mg/dL v 144.50 +/- 3.52 mg/dL, P less than 0.05). Total cholesterol and HDL-cholesterol levels remained unchanged. The increase does not occur if the cereal fiber is replaced by lentil-derived leguminous fiber. In a second experiment, we substituted 50% of the complex carbohydrates in diets with 80% carbohydrates by glucose. Blood glucose, triglycerides, and HbA1 levels rose significantly in the four groups of rats that received diets containing 50% carbohydrates in glucose form. In addition, a test meal was carried out on day 19, consisting of 2.5 g of food/kg of wt. The maximum increase in blood glucose and the area below the glucose curve response was also significantly higher in the four groups of rats who received glucose in their diet.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
D000818:Animals; D003921:Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental / Q000378:metabolism*; D004040:Dietary Carbohydrates / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000494:pharmacology; D004043:Dietary Fiber / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000494:pharmacology; D005260:Female; D005502:Food; D006442:Glycated Hemoglobin / Q000032:analysis; D009005:Monosaccharides / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000494:pharmacology; D011134:Polysaccharides / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology; D051381:Rats; D011919:Rats, Inbred Strains; D014280:Triglycerides / Q000097:blood
D004040:Dietary Carbohydrates; D004043:Dietary Fiber; D006442:Glycated Hemoglobin; D009005:Monosaccharides; D011134:Polysaccharides; D014280:Triglycerides