title: Control of phosphorylase kinase in the isolated glycogen particle by Ca2+-Mg2+ synergistic activation and cAMP-dependent phosphorylation.
abstract: The isolated glycogen particle provides a means to examine the regulation of glycogen metabolism with the components organized in a functional cellular complex. With this system, we have studied the control of phosphorylase kinase activation by Ca2+ and cAMP. Contrary to a previous report (Heilmeyer, L. M. G., Jr., Meyer, F., Haschke, R. H., and Fisher, E. H. (1980) J. Biol. Chem. 245, 6649-6656), phosphorylase kinase became activated during incubation of the glycogen particle with MgATP2- and Ca2+. Part of this activation could be attributed to the action of the cAMP-dependent protein kinase; however, it was not possible to quantitatively correlate activation with phosphorylation in the presence of Ca2+ and Mg2+ due to a large, but uncertain, contribution of synergistic activation caused by these ions. This latter activation had properties similar to those described by King and Carlson (King, M. M., and Carlson, G. M. (1980) Arch. Biochem. Biophys. 209, 517-523) with the purified enzyme, and its occurrence also explains why phosphorylase kinase activation in the glycogen particle was not observed previously. The cAMP-dependent activation of phosphorylase kinase in the glycogen particle has been characterized. It occurred in a similar manner when either the cAMP-dependent protein kinase or cAMP was added, thus indicating that the phosphorylation sites of phosphorylase kinase complexed in the glycogen particle were accessible to endogenous or exogenous enzyme. In the glycogen particle, both the alpha and beta subunits were phosphorylated by the cAMP-dependent protein kinase, but the alpha subunit dephosphorylation appeared to be preferentially regulated by Ca2+. The activity of phosphorylase kinase in the glycogen particle is regulated by the phosphorylation of both the alpha and beta subunits.
mesh_terms: D000255:Adenosine Triphosphate / Q000378:metabolism; D000818:Animals; D002118:Calcium / Q000378:metabolism*; D000242:Cyclic AMP / Q000378:metabolism*; D004533:Egtazic Acid / Q000494:pharmacology; D004591:Electrophoresis, Polyacrylamide Gel; D004789:Enzyme Activation; D006003:Glycogen / Q000378:metabolism*; D046911:Macromolecular Substances; D008274:Magnesium / Q000378:metabolism*; D010764:Phosphorylase Kinase / Q000378:metabolism*; D011494:Protein Kinases / Q000378:metabolism*; D011817:Rabbits
chemical_list: D046911:Macromolecular Substances; D004533:Egtazic Acid; D000255:Adenosine Triphosphate; D006003:Glycogen; D000242:Cyclic AMP; D011494:Protein Kinases; D010764:Phosphorylase Kinase; D008274:Magnesium; D002118:Calcium