title: Role of fat, fiber, nitrate, and food additives in carcinogenesis: a critical evaluation and recommendations.
abstract: This review presents a critical, select evaluation of the amount and type of fat or fiber in nutritional carcinogenesis, with the emphasis being on cancer development in the mammary gland and large bowel. The role of nitrate and nitrosation is described in relation to risk for cancers of the head and neck (especially the esophagus) and cancers of the stomach and the liver. Systematic tests of increasing complexity to delineate possible carcinogenic risk in food additives and contaminants are described. Specific recommendations stemming from these evaluations are made as to dietary recommendations designed to reduce cancer risk.
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002273:Carcinogens; D004032:Diet; D004041:Dietary Fats / Q000009:adverse effects*; D004043:Dietary Fiber / Q000009:adverse effects*; D004938:Esophageal Neoplasms / Q000209:etiology; D005503:Food Additives / Q000009:adverse effects*; D006801:Humans; D009369:Neoplasms / Q000209:etiology*; D009566:Nitrates / Q000009:adverse effects*; D009573:Nitrites / Q000009:adverse effects; D009747:Nutritional Physiological Phenomena
chemical_list: D002273:Carcinogens; D004041:Dietary Fats; D004043:Dietary Fiber; D005503:Food Additives; D009566:Nitrates; D009573:Nitrites