title: Adenosine-modulation of cholinergic and non-adrenergic non-cholinergic neurotransmission in the rabbit iris sphincter.
abstract: The characteristics of smooth muscle responses to transmural nerve stimulation in the rabbit iris sphincter were examined. Transmural stimulation elicited a composite contractile response that could be divided in two phases. Atropine abolished the phase I contraction and inhibited the phase II contraction. The atropine-resistant component of the phase II contraction which was unaltered by sympathetic denervation, was mimicked by substance P and abolished by capsaicin. Adenosine inhibited the phase I contraction. The adenosine analogue L-N6-phenylisopropyladenosine (L-PIA) was more potent than 5'-N-ethylcarboxamideadenosine (NECA) in mimicking this adenosine effect. By contrast, adenosine enhanced the phase II contraction in non-pretreated preparations, as well as the atropine-resistant capsaicin-sensitive part of this contraction. Here, NECA was more potent than L-PIA. Adenosine, NECA, L-PIA and D-PIA also enhanced the atropine-sensitive component of the phase II contraction, as well as the contractile response to exogenous acetylcholine or carbachol, but not to exogenous substance P. In this respect, L-PIA was the most powerful adenosine analogue with at least 10 fold higher potency than D-PIA. The adenosine antagonist 8-p-sulphophenyltheophylline enhanced the phase I contraction and decreased the capsaicin-sensitive non-adrenergic non-cholinergic component of the phase II contraction. We conclude that adenosine inhibited the nerve-induced cholinergic twitch (phase I) responses by action at prejunctional A1-receptors. Furthermore, adenosine enhanced the phase II contractile responses via postjunctional enhancement of the cholinergic transmission by action at A1-receptors, and via enhancement of the non-adrenergic non-cholinergic transmission by action at presumably prejunctional A2 receptors.
mesh_terms: D000241:Adenosine / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000818:Animals; D001285:Atropine / Q000494:pharmacology; D001341:Autonomic Nervous System / Q000187:drug effects*; D002211:Capsaicin / Q000494:pharmacology; D004558:Electric Stimulation; D005260:Female; D007498:Iris / Q000294:innervation*; D007537:Isometric Contraction / Q000187:drug effects; D008297:Male; D009119:Muscle Contraction / Q000187:drug effects; D009121:Muscle Denervation; D010275:Parasympathetic Nervous System / Q000187:drug effects*; D011817:Rabbits; D009435:Synaptic Transmission / Q000187:drug effects*
chemical_list: D001285:Atropine; D000241:Adenosine; D002211:Capsaicin