title: [Prevention of genito-anal and bucco-laryngo-esophageal cancers caused by sexually transmitted viruses].
abstract: Whilst some viruses of the Papilloma family cause warts on the skin, others infect mucosal cells. The types called 6 and 11 produce benign papillomas, called condylomata acuminata, visible to the naked eye, not only on the vulva, vagina, penis (cockscomb), but also in the anus, and occasionally the larynx, mouth (tongue) and oesophagus. Types 16 and 18 cause cervical cancer (generally called in situ) and especially very small flat lesions that can only be seen through the colposcope in women and a lens in men. These flat micro-lesions can also be found on the vulva, vaginal walls and on the glans and, balano-preputial area and shaft in males, the distal urethra, anus, larynx (especially the vocal cords), the mouth and oesophagus. These flat micro-lesions are either early cancers (here the deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) of the virus 16 and/or 18 is integrated into the cell genome), or precancerous lesion in which case the viral DNA is not integrated. Their malignant transformation is much more frequent at the junction of the glandular and squamous parts of the cervix, than in the vulva or vagina. Co-carcinogenic factors appear to have an important role in the malignant transformation;--as for instance sexually transmissible infections including chlamydiae, bacteria that produce carcinogens such as nitrosamines, herpes virus which is known to cause mutations predisposing to the integration of the Papova viruses, chemical substances applied to the genitalia. The role of low hygiene standards in male sexual partners is the major cause (such men can carry simultaneously several sexually transmissible diseases (STD], who are never examined in search for flat lesions, who do not seek medical advice and have multiple sexual contacts with many women among whom some are more dangerous than prostitutes, especially since the wide use of hormone contraceptives and abortion that has multiplied the incidence of cervical cancer by 3 among the 20 year-old females, by 4 among the 25 year-old ones and by 2.5 among the 30 year-old ones, between 1961-65 and 1982-83. These changes in contraception have now made intra-vaginal ejaculation the rule (this not only carries viruses and other micro-organisms into the female genital tract, but also deposits sperm that contains some thirty factors that suppress local immunity). This with the rise of multiple partners, early sexual activity in particular in girls (hardly post-puberty) explains the increase of the frequency of cervical cancer in younger and younger women.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
mesh_terms: D001005:Anus Neoplasms / Q000382:microbiology; D004938:Esophageal Neoplasms / Q000382:microbiology; D005260:Female; D005834:Genital Neoplasms, Male / Q000382:microbiology; D006801:Humans; D007822:Laryngeal Neoplasms / Q000382:microbiology; D008297:Male; D009062:Mouth Neoplasms / Q000382:microbiology; D027383:Papillomaviridae; D012306:Risk; D012749:Sexually Transmitted Diseases / Q000209:etiology / Q000517:prevention & control*; D014412:Tumor Virus Infections / Q000209:etiology / Q000517:prevention & control*
vernacular_title: La prévention des cancers génito-anaux et bucco-laryngo-oesophagiens à virus transmis sexuellement.