Effect of race and diet on human-milk vitamin D and 25-hydroxyvitamin D.
Vitamin D-deficiency rickets continues to be reported in infants fed human milk, and the importance of human milk as a source of vitamin D for infants is controversial. Furthermore, effects of race and of normally consumed maternal vitamin D intake on human-milk vitamin D have not been reported. Milk, serum, and three-day-diet diaries were obtained from 25 mother-infant pairs. Human-milk vitamins D3 and D2 and 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 were lower in blacks vs whites, whereas 25-hydroxyvitamin D2 did not differ. Total-milk vitamin D, but not 25-hydroxyvitamin D, correlated with vitamin D intake. Milk vitamin D2 specifically was correlated with vitamin D intake even after controlling for race. Infant serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D did not correlate with milk vitamin D or 25-hydroxyvitamin D; we speculate that the contribution of vitamin D from human milk in these infants is insignificant relative to the contribution from sunshine exposure.
D015652:25-Hydroxyvitamin D 2; D000328:Adult; D044383:Black People; D001942:Breast Feeding; D002112:Calcifediol / Q000032:analysis* / Q000097:blood; D002762:Cholecalciferol / Q000032:analysis; D004032:Diet; D004872:Ergocalciferols / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000032:analysis / Q000097:blood; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007227:Infant Nutritional Physiological Phenomena; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D008895:Milk, Human / Q000032:analysis*; D044469:Racial Groups; D013472:Sunlight; D014807:Vitamin D / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000032:analysis* / Q000378:metabolism; D044465:White People
D004872:Ergocalciferols; D014807:Vitamin D; D002762:Cholecalciferol; D015652:25-Hydroxyvitamin D 2; D002112:Calcifediol