title: The role of Ca2+ and Ca2+-activated phospholipid-dependent protein kinase in degranulation of human neutrophils.
abstract: The degranulation reactions of human neutrophils induced by 1-oleoyl-2-acetylglycerol (OAG), phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA), and calcium ionophore A23187 or their combinations, were studied. OAG in the absence of the Ca2+-ionophore A23187 stimulated the releases of both lysozyme and lactoferrin, constituents of the specific granules, but did not stimulate the release of beta-glucuronidase, an enzyme of the azurophil granules. Electron microscopy revealed a selective decrease in the numbers of the specific granules in this case. The combined effects of A23187 at a concentration higher than 0.1 microM and OAG were essentially additive. W-7, known to be an inhibitor of both Ca2+-activated phospholipid-dependent protein kinase (C-kinase) and calmodulin, inhibited the degranulation induced by OAG or PMA, while it inhibited the reaction induced by A23187 less markedly. The release of lysozyme reached a plateau at about 0.1 microM A23187 and increased again at higher concentrations of A23187. The observations suggest that degranulation can be induced by the activation of the C-kinase, and the degranulation by A23187 at low concentrations may be due to the activation of the C-kinase; the effects of A23187 at high concentrations, however, could not be explained only in terms of the activation of the C-kinase.
mesh_terms: D003994:Bucladesine / Q000494:pharmacology; D000001:Calcimycin / Q000494:pharmacology; D002118:Calcium / Q000502:physiology*; D002147:Calmodulin / Q000494:pharmacology; D003594:Cytoplasmic Granules / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D003995:Dibutyryl Cyclic GMP / Q000494:pharmacology; D004075:Diglycerides / Q000494:pharmacology; D004347:Drug Interactions; D004533:Egtazic Acid / Q000494:pharmacology; D004789:Enzyme Activation / Q000187:drug effects; D005966:Glucuronidase / Q000378:metabolism; D007781:Lactoferrin / Q000378:metabolism; D009113:Muramidase / Q000378:metabolism; D009504:Neutrophils / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism*; D011493:Protein Kinase C / Q000502:physiology*; D013449:Sulfonamides / Q000494:pharmacology; D013755:Tetradecanoylphorbol Acetate / Q000494:pharmacology; D014617:Vacuoles / Q000187:drug effects
chemical_list: D002147:Calmodulin; D004075:Diglycerides; D013449:Sulfonamides; D003995:Dibutyryl Cyclic GMP; D000001:Calcimycin; D004533:Egtazic Acid; D003994:Bucladesine; C017967:W 7; C038237:1-oleoyl-2-acetylglycerol; D011493:Protein Kinase C; D009113:Muramidase; D005966:Glucuronidase; D007781:Lactoferrin; D013755:Tetradecanoylphorbol Acetate; D002118:Calcium