title: Effect of chlordane on influenza type A virus and herpes simplex type 1 virus replication in vitro.
abstract: The effect of chlordane on the susceptibility of Madin-Darby canine kidney cells and African Green monkey kidney cells to infection with influenza type A/PR/8/34 (HON1) virus and herpes simplex type 1 virus was determined. Exposure of both cell lines to various concentrations of chlordane for 24 h at 37 degrees C (acute exposure) effected a marked reduction in the efficiency of influenza type A virus infection, except at a dose of 0.025 ppm. Acute exposure of the monkey cells did not alter their susceptibility to herpes simplex virus infection. Viral adsorption studies at 4 and 37 degrees C revealed a marked reduction in the attachment of influenza type A virus to both cell lines following acute exposure to 10 ppm chlordane. Viral inactivation studies carried out at 4 and 37 degrees C failed to reveal differences in the level of influenza type A virus inactivation in the presence or absence of chlordane. Madin-Darby canine kidney cells exposed to 10 ppm chlordane for 60 d (chronic exposure) manifested a decrease in the efficiency of influenza type A virus infection, whereas cells chronically exposed to 0.025 ppm chlordane manifested an increase in the efficiency of influenza type A virus infection relative to mock-treated control cells. When chronically exposed cells were passaged six times in the absence of chlordane, these effects were reversed. Viral adsorption studies carried out at 4 and 37 degrees C on cells chronically exposed to 10 ppm chlordane revealed a decrease in the adsorption of influenza type A virus. Quantitation of the levels of cell-surface sialic acid, the essential terminal sugar on the receptor for influenza type A virus, indicated that the reduced adsorption of influenza type A virus to Madin-Darby canine kidney cells was not due to a loss of cell-surface sialic acid. Our findings indicate that chlordane alters the susceptibility of cells to infection with influenza type A virus but not to herpes simplex type 1 virus.
mesh_terms: D000327:Adsorption; D000818:Animals; D002460:Cell Line; D002706:Chlordan / Q000494:pharmacology*; D002522:Chlorocebus aethiops; D004285:Dogs; D009980:Influenza A virus / Q000502:physiology*; D007668:Kidney; D019158:N-Acetylneuraminic Acid; D012794:Sialic Acids / Q000378:metabolism; D018139:Simplexvirus / Q000502:physiology*; D013499:Surface Properties; D014779:Virus Replication / Q000187:drug effects*
chemical_list: D012794:Sialic Acids; D002706:Chlordan; D019158:N-Acetylneuraminic Acid