The role of phosphorylations in the regulation of ion fluxes.
Ions appear as very important second messenger since steep ionic gradients are established between subcellular compartments as well as between the outside and the inside of the cell and ions are very diffusible molecules. Ions have been shown to induce many biological events as exemplified by the triggering of skeletal muscle contraction by calcium ions. There is more and more evidence that the same ions might play as tuning systems for biological functions. Therefore their concentration must be precisely controlled. This paper summarizes evidences that phosphorylation of regulatory proteins modulates the cytoplasmic level of some ions.
D015105:3',5'-Cyclic-AMP Phosphodiesterases / Q000378:metabolism; D000818:Animals; D002118:Calcium / Q000378:metabolism; D002147:Calmodulin / Q000378:metabolism; D006321:Heart / Q000502:physiology*; D007477:Ions; D009119:Muscle Contraction; D009132:Muscles / Q000502:physiology*; D009200:Myocardial Contraction; D010764:Phosphorylase Kinase / Q000378:metabolism; D010766:Phosphorylation; D011494:Protein Kinases / Q000378:metabolism
D002147:Calmodulin; D007477:Ions; D011494:Protein Kinases; D010764:Phosphorylase Kinase; D015105:3',5'-Cyclic-AMP Phosphodiesterases; D002118:Calcium