title: Cyclic AMP or forskolin rapidly attenuates the depressant effects of opioids on sensory-evoked dorsal-horn responses in mouse spinal cord-ganglion explants.
abstract: Exposure of fetal mouse spinal cord-ganglion explants to morphine (greater than 0.1 microM) results in naloxone-reversible, dose-dependent depression of sensory-evoked dorsal-horn synaptic-network responses within a few minutes. After chronic opiate exposure (1 microM) for 2-3 days, these dorsal cord responses recover and can then occur even in greater than 10 microM morphine. In the present study, when naive explants were treated with forskolin (10-50 microM)--a selective activate activator of cyclase (AC)--for 10-30 min prior to and during exposure to morphine (0.1-0.3 microM) or D-Ala2-D-Leu5-enkephalin (0.03-0.1 microM), the usual opioid depressant effects on dorsal-horn responses generally failed to occur (10-30 min tests). Dibutyryl cyclic AMP (10 microM) or the more lipid-soluble analog, dioctanoyl cyclic AMP (0.1 mM), produced a similar degree of subsensitivity to opiates as 10 microM forskolin. With high levels of forskolin (50 microM), even concentrations of morphine up to 1-10 microM were far less effective in depressing cord responses. These effects of exogenous cAMP analogs and forskolin on cord-ganglion explants are probably both mediated by increases in intracellular cAMP. The marked decrease in opioid sensitivity of cAMP or forskolin-treated cord-ganglion explants provides significant electrophysiologic data compatible with the hypothesis that neurons may develop tolerance and/or dependence during chronic opioid exposure by a compensatory enhancement of their AC/cAMP system following initial opioid depression of AC activity. Previous evidence relied primarily on behavioral tests and biochemical analyses of cell cultures. It will be of interest to determine if dorsal-horn tissues of cord-ganglion explants do, in fact, develop increased AC/cAMP levels as they express physiologic signs of tolerance during chronic exposure to opioids.
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D003994:Bucladesine / Q000494:pharmacology; D005576:Colforsin / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000242:Cyclic AMP / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000494:pharmacology*; D004361:Drug Tolerance; D004743:Enkephalin, Leucine / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors; D016308:Enkephalin, Leucine-2-Alanine; D005727:Ganglia, Spinal / Q000187:drug effects*; D051379:Mice; D009020:Morphine / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors*; D009924:Organ Culture Techniques; D013116:Spinal Cord / Q000187:drug effects*
chemical_list: D005576:Colforsin; C048930:N(1),O(2)-dioctanoyl cyclic AMP; D004743:Enkephalin, Leucine; D016308:Enkephalin, Leucine-2-Alanine; D003994:Bucladesine; D009020:Morphine; D000242:Cyclic AMP