title: Antagonism of xylazine hydrochloride with yohimbine hydrochloride and 4-aminopyridine in captive wapiti.
abstract: Eight captive wapiti (Cervus elaphus nelsoni) were injected with xylazine hydrochloride on two occasions during March and April 1984. Animals were grouped into a modified Latin square design and were given either successive injections of yohimbine hydrochloride and 4-aminopyridine (4-AP) to antagonize the sedative effects of xylazine hydrochloride or permitted an unantagonized recovery. Induction times ranged from 3 to 26 min with excited and wild animals requiring a supplementary dose. Time until walking was significantly (P less than 0.005) shorter in the group given successive injections (given i.v.) of the reversal drugs yohimbine hydrochloride (0.15 mg/kg) and 4-AP (0.30 mg/kg) than those animals during unantagonized recoveries. Marked increase in heart rate and respiratory rate were observed in animals within 3 min after successive injections of yohimbine hydrochloride and 4-AP. There was no occurrence of convulsions and animals did not relapse to profound sedation. Slight muscle tremors were observed in one animal which received a dose of 0.35 mg/kg of 4-AP. This drug combination can reduce markedly the duration of recovery from xylazine hydrochloride-induced sedation in wapiti.
mesh_terms: D015761:4-Aminopyridine; D000631:Aminopyridines / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000818:Animals; D001188:Artiodactyla / Q000502:physiology*; D005260:Female; D006339:Heart Rate / Q000187:drug effects; D007103:Immobilization; D008297:Male; D012119:Respiration / Q000187:drug effects; D013843:Thiazines / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors*; D013997:Time Factors; D014991:Xylazine / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors*; D015016:Yohimbine / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology*
chemical_list: D000631:Aminopyridines; D013843:Thiazines; D014991:Xylazine; D015016:Yohimbine; D015761:4-Aminopyridine