title: Studies and perspectives of protein kinase C.
abstract: Protein kinase C, an enzyme that is activated by the receptor-mediated hydrolysis of inositol phospholipids, relays information in the form of a variety of extracellular signals across the membrane to regulate many Ca2+-dependent processes. At an early phase of cellular responses, the enzyme appears to have a dual effect, providing positive forward as well as negative feedback controls over various steps of its own and other signaling pathways, such as the receptors that are coupled to inositol phospholipid hydrolysis and those of some growth factors. In biological systems, a positive signal is frequently followed by immediate negative feedback regulation. Such a novel role of this protein kinase system seems to give a logical basis for clarifying the biochemical mechanism of signal transduction, and to add a new dimension essential to our understanding of cell-to-cell communication.
mesh_terms: D000251:Adenosine Triphosphatases / Q000378:metabolism; D000818:Animals; D001792:Blood Platelets / Q000378:metabolism; D000001:Calcimycin / Q000494:pharmacology; D000252:Calcium-Transporting ATPases / Q000378:metabolism; D002352:Carrier Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D027682:Cation Transport Proteins; D002462:Cell Membrane / Q000502:physiology; D000242:Cyclic AMP / Q000378:metabolism; D004075:Diglycerides / Q000378:metabolism; D004553:Electric Conductivity; D004789:Enzyme Activation; D005455:Fluorescent Antibody Technique; D007527:Isoenzymes / Q000378:metabolism; D008954:Models, Biological; D010716:Phosphatidylinositols / Q000378:metabolism*; D011188:Potassium / Q000378:metabolism; D011493:Protein Kinase C / Q000378:metabolism*; D011689:Purkinje Cells / Q000201:enzymology; D051381:Rats; D012701:Serotonin / Q000097:blood; D012964:Sodium / Q000378:metabolism; D017923:Sodium-Hydrogen Exchangers; D013755:Tetradecanoylphorbol Acetate / Q000494:pharmacology; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D002352:Carrier Proteins; D027682:Cation Transport Proteins; D004075:Diglycerides; D007527:Isoenzymes; D010716:Phosphatidylinositols; D017923:Sodium-Hydrogen Exchangers; D012701:Serotonin; D000001:Calcimycin; C038237:1-oleoyl-2-acetylglycerol; D012964:Sodium; D000242:Cyclic AMP; D011493:Protein Kinase C; D000251:Adenosine Triphosphatases; C021838:sodium-translocating ATPase; D000252:Calcium-Transporting ATPases; D013755:Tetradecanoylphorbol Acetate; D011188:Potassium