Nutritional therapy in diabetes. Rationale and recommendations.
The cornerstone of diabetes management is an appropriate diet. Various diets, including one low in carbohydrate, have been recommended in the past. The American Diabetes Association currently recommends a diet high in complex carbohydrate and fiber. The diet plan should be individualized. Caloric content is based on the patient's body build, weight, energy needs, and activity and may be adjusted according to individual eating habits, type of insulin regimen, and metabolic derangements. The proportion of caloric sources (fat, carbohydrate, protein) may be altered depending on the presence of secondary disorders. Several small daily meals, including a bedtime snack, are advised. Diabetic diets are often cost-effective, contrary to common belief. Patients should be encouraged to exercise to achieve optimum diabetic control. Active patient participation in the management program is an essential component of therapy.
D000328:Adult; D001835:Body Weight; D002648:Child; D003920:Diabetes Mellitus / Q000178:diet therapy* / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000523:psychology; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000178:diet therapy; D004040:Dietary Carbohydrates / Q000008:administration & dosage; D004041:Dietary Fats / Q000008:administration & dosage; D004043:Dietary Fiber / Q000008:administration & dosage; D004044:Dietary Proteins / Q000008:administration & dosage; D002149:Energy Intake; D005247:Feeding Behavior; D005260:Female; D005947:Glucose / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D009042:Motivation; D005082:Physical Exertion
D004040:Dietary Carbohydrates; D004041:Dietary Fats; D004043:Dietary Fiber; D004044:Dietary Proteins; D005947:Glucose