title: Influence of dietary protein degradability and energy concentration on growth of heifers and steers and intraruminal protein metabolism.
abstract: Two studies with 4-mo old Holstein steers and heifers and one abomasal digesta collection study were used to determine the influence of altering the dietary energy content and crude protein escape on growth, intraruminal protein metabolism, and site of digestion of dry matter, starch, cellulose, hemicellulose, and protein. Dietary energy concentration was increased by tallow, and rumen protein escape was increased by dehydrated alfalfa and distillers dried grains with solubles substituted for soybean meal. Tallow appeared to depress intake and gain, but gain was increased by protein escape from the rumen. Total and particulate digesta crude protein reaching the abomasum was increased by protein escape; however, percentage crude protein digested was decreased in these treatments due to increased acid detergent insoluble nitrogen. Decreasing crude protein solubility decreased ruminoreticular digestion of dry matter, cellulose, hemicellulose, and starch; however, lower intestinal starch digestion compensated for decreased ruminoreticular digestion. In a third study, with growing steers and heifers, corn gluten meal provided the escape protein and soybean meal the degradable protein. Total and average daily gain were greater for the corn gluten meal diet, but intake was not influenced by energy concentration or protein escape.
mesh_terms: D000018:Abomasum / Q000378:metabolism*; D000818:Animals; D001835:Body Weight; D002417:Cattle / Q000254:growth & development* / Q000378:metabolism; D004043:Dietary Fiber / Q000378:metabolism; D004044:Dietary Proteins / Q000378:metabolism*; D004734:Energy Metabolism; D005223:Fats / Q000494:pharmacology; D005260:Female; D008297:Male; D012417:Rumen / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D004043:Dietary Fiber; D004044:Dietary Proteins; D005223:Fats; C013698:tallow