title: Chronic 'cryptogenic' liver disease and malignant hepatoma in intermediate alpha 1-antitrypsin deficiency identified by a Pi Z-specific monoclonal antibody.
abstract: Using a monoclonal antibody against the Pi Z genetic variant of alpha 1-antitrypsin in an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, we have screened plasma samples from 857 consecutive patients with liver disease for the presence of Pi Z alpha 1-antitrypsin. Intermediate alpha 1-antitrypsin deficiency (Pi MZ and SZ) was found in 64 cases, or 7.6%, compared with an expected 4.8% (p less than 0.001). The plasma alpha 1-antitrypsin level was subnormal in only 50% of them. Forty-three of the 64 heterozygotes were men, compared with 494 of 857 (58%) in the total study population (p less than 0.001). At least 14 heterozygotes had cryptogenic liver disease, compared with 3 of 128 sex- and age-matched controls from the same study population (p less than 0.001). Malignant hepatoma occurred in 6 heterozygotes compared with 1 control (p less than 0.01), and in 13 of all 793 non-Pi Z patients (p less than 0.001).
mesh_terms: D000911:Antibodies, Monoclonal / Q000235:genetics*; D006528:Carcinoma, Hepatocellular / Q000235:genetics* / Q000276:immunology; D002908:Chronic Disease; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008099:Liver / Q000473:pathology; D008107:Liver Diseases / Q000235:genetics* / Q000276:immunology; D008113:Liver Neoplasms / Q000235:genetics* / Q000276:immunology; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010641:Phenotype; D011446:Prospective Studies; D019896:alpha 1-Antitrypsin Deficiency
chemical_list: D000911:Antibodies, Monoclonal