Hypertension and diabetes in obesity: a review and new ideas on the contributing role of ions.
Ion metabolism in obesity-associated hypertension is reviewed. A hypothesis is presented which proposes that ion imbalances in obesity may play an etiological role in obesity-associated diabetes mellitus as well. It is suggested that the rise in intracellular calcium--secondary to reduced sodium, potassium-activated adenosine triphosphatase (Na,K-ATPase) activity--may aid in the development of increased vascular tone and decreased glucose tolerance.
D000818:Animals; D001693:Biological Transport, Active; D002118:Calcium / Q000378:metabolism*; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000209:etiology* / Q000378:metabolism; D005947:Glucose / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D006973:Hypertension / Q000209:etiology* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000503:physiopathology; D007424:Intracellular Fluid / Q000378:metabolism; D008954:Models, Biological; D009119:Muscle Contraction; D009131:Muscle, Smooth, Vascular / Q000378:metabolism; D009765:Obesity / Q000150:complications* / Q000378:metabolism; D012964:Sodium / Q000378:metabolism*; D000254:Sodium-Potassium-Exchanging ATPase / Q000172:deficiency*
D012964:Sodium; D000254:Sodium-Potassium-Exchanging ATPase; D005947:Glucose; D002118:Calcium