title: Presence of epidermal-derived thymocyte activating factor/interleukin 1 in normal human stratum corneum.
abstract: Keratinocytes produce a molecule, epidermal-derived thymocyte activating factor (ETAF), which is biologically and physiochemically similar to the polypeptide hormone interleukin 1 (IL-1). Because the stratum corneum (SC) is composed of terminally differentiated keratinocytes, we questioned whether ETAF/IL-1 could be isolated from this tissue. The extraction of normal human SC with a physiologic saline solution yielded a large amount of ETAF/IL-1 activity, as measured by the in vitro thymocyte co-stimulator assay. SC-derived ETAF/IL-1 (scETAF/IL-1) eluted from a sizing column with an approximate molecular weight of 15,000, and demonstrated three isoelectric point forms after separation on a chromatofocusing column. By these physiochemical characteristics, scETAF/IL-1 was found to be similar, if not identical to human keratinocyte- and macrophage-derived ETAF/IL-1. Further, a number of biologic effects known to occur in vivo after the administration of ETAF/IL-1, such as fever, neutrophilia, and an increase in plasma levels of acute-phase proteins, were all induced by the injection of scETAF/IL-1 into endotoxin-nonresponsive mice. scETAF/IL-1 was also found to stimulate collagenase production by human fibroblasts in vitro. In summary, our studies have established that normal human SC contains a large quantity of scETAF/IL-1. Whether scETAF/IL-1 integrates into the earliest afferents phases of local inflammatory responses, or merely represents a means of disposal of excessively produced hormone is currently unresolved.
mesh_terms: D000682:Amyloid / Q000032:analysis; D000818:Animals; D001831:Body Temperature / Q000187:drug effects; D000078404:Epidermal Cells; D004817:Epidermis / Q000032:analysis*; D005260:Female; D005347:Fibroblasts / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D007249:Inflammation; D007375:Interleukin-1 / Q000302:isolation & purification* / Q000494:pharmacology; D007525:Isoelectric Focusing; D008213:Lymphocyte Activation / Q000187:drug effects; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D003012:Microbial Collagenase / Q000096:biosynthesis; D009504:Neutrophils / Q000187:drug effects; D013601:T-Lymphocytes / Q000187:drug effects
chemical_list: D000682:Amyloid; D007375:Interleukin-1; D003012:Microbial Collagenase