title: Inhibition of angiotensin converting enzyme by aldehyde and ketone substrate analogues.
abstract: Three classes of carbonyl-containing substrate analogues and partial substrate analogues have been tested for their ability to inhibit angiotensin converting enzyme. (4-Oxobutanoyl)-L-proline is proposed to occupy the S1' and S2' subsites on the enzyme, thus locating its aldehyde carbonyl group at the position of the active site zinc atom. This aldehyde is 70% hydrated in aqueous solution and could mimic a tetrahedral intermediate occurring during enzyme-catalyzed substrate hydrolysis, but its Ki is only 760 microM. Carbobenzoxy-L-isoleucyl-L-histidyl-L-prolyl-L-phenylalaninal is proposed to occupy the S1 through S4 subsites on the other side of the zinc atom. Its weak Ki of 60 microM is nearly equipotent to its parent peptide terminating in phenylalanine. However, ketoace, (5RS)-(5-benzamido-4-oxo-6-phenylhexanoyl)-L-proline [Almquist, R.G., Chao, W.R., Ellis, M.E., & Johnson, H.L. (1980) J. Med. Chem. 23, 1392-1398], one of the third class of inhibitors proposed to occupy subsites S1 through S2' on both sides of the zinc atom, has a Ki of 0.0006 microM under our assay conditions, orders of magnitude more potent than its parent peptide. The carbonyl carbon of ketoace is less than 3% hydrated in aqueous solution as determined by carbon-13 nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. If the hydrate is the species bound to converting enzyme, its Ki must be less than 18 pM. Ketoace is a slow-binding inhibitor of converting enzyme, but its overall Ki is dependent on its concentration and therefore prevents calculation of kinetic constants for slow binding.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
mesh_terms: D000447:Aldehydes / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000806:Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors; D000818:Animals; D007659:Ketones / Q000494:pharmacology*; D007700:Kinetics; D008168:Lung / Q000201:enzymology; D009682:Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; D010455:Peptides; D011817:Rabbits; D013329:Structure-Activity Relationship; D013379:Substrate Specificity
chemical_list: D000447:Aldehydes; D000806:Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors; D007659:Ketones; D010455:Peptides