title: Chronic hiccups.
abstract: Patients with chronic hiccups should be carefully examined for an underlying disorder while receiving symptomatic treatment. Treatment includes physical maneuvers, drugs such as chlorpromazine, metoclopramide, anticonvulsants or quinidine, and other, less tested modalities such as hypnosis. Only those patients with disabling hiccups that do not respond to conservative treatment should be considered for phrenic nerve surgery.
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000927:Anticonvulsants / Q000627:therapeutic use; D002493:Central Nervous System Diseases / Q000150:complications; D002908:Chronic Disease; D048909:Diabetes Complications; D005260:Female; D006606:Hiccup / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000209:etiology*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D010523:Peripheral Nervous System Diseases / Q000150:complications; D014635:Valproic Acid / Q000627:therapeutic use
chemical_list: D000927:Anticonvulsants; D014635:Valproic Acid