title: The genesis of arrhythmias during myocardial ischemia. Dissociation between changes in cyclic adenosine monophosphate and electrical instability in the rat.
abstract: It has been proposed that increases in tissue cyclic adenosine monophosphate during ischemia may be responsible for the induction of arrhythmias that occur during the early minutes of ischemia. We have tested this hypothesis using the isolated perfused rat heart with coronary artery occlusion for 30 minutes. In control hearts, after a transient small rise, cyclic adenosine monophosphate content remained close to its preischemic value (3.0 +/- 0.1 nM/g dry weight) throughout the period of occlusion. Eight percent (1/12) of the hearts fibrillated. Ninety-two percent (11/12) of the hearts exhibited ventricular tachycardia, and the mean total number of premature ventricular complexes was 528 +/- 121. Inclusion of epinephrine (1.0 microM) in the perfusion fluid elevated cyclic adenosine monophosphate prior to coronary occlusion (to 10.7 +/- 0.6 nM/g dry weight) and also throughout the ischemic period. It also increased arrhythmias such that 83% (20/24) of hearts fibrillated, 100% exhibited ventricular tachycardia, and the mean number of premature ventricular complexes increased to 747 +/- 86. Inclusion of forskolin (0.2 microM), which stimulates adenyl cyclase independently of the beta-receptor, increased cyclic adenosine monophosphate content to a greater extent than epinephrine, to 14.1 +/- 0.9 nM/g dry weight before the onset of ischemia and to 8.2 +/- 0.4 nM/g dry weight after 30 minutes of ischemia. Despite the large increase in cyclic adenosine monophosphate, there was no increase in rhythm disturbances which were less than those seen in controls.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
mesh_terms: D000262:Adenylyl Cyclases / Q000378:metabolism; D000818:Animals; D001145:Arrhythmias, Cardiac / Q000209:etiology* / Q000378:metabolism; D002304:Cardiac Pacing, Artificial; D005576:Colforsin / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology; D003326:Coronary Circulation / Q000187:drug effects; D003327:Coronary Disease / Q000378:metabolism*; D000242:Cyclic AMP / Q000378:metabolism*; D004594:Electrophysiology; D004837:Epinephrine / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology; D006339:Heart Rate / Q000187:drug effects; D066298:In Vitro Techniques; D008297:Male; D009206:Myocardium / Q000378:metabolism*; D051381:Rats; D011919:Rats, Inbred Strains; D011943:Receptors, Adrenergic, beta / Q000187:drug effects; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D011943:Receptors, Adrenergic, beta; D005576:Colforsin; D000242:Cyclic AMP; D000262:Adenylyl Cyclases; D004837:Epinephrine