title: RISH IV. Immunoglobulin diversity.
abstract: RISH considers that cell surface components involved in like cell identification are not involved in the structure of the plasma membrane per se and are attached to a part of their mRNA. the mRNA then acts as a template for the synthesis of DNA. Thus the component at the cell surface is attached to an RNA/DNA receptor. If there is a conformational change in the component (antigen) this will cause a distortion in its RNA/DNA receptor. This distortion is then detected by a tissue specific T lymphocyte which removes all or part of the RNA/DNA receptor from the aberrant cell and the lymphocyte then undergoes replication. During this process receptor RNA/DNA is incorporated into the daughter lymphocyte which becomes a B lymphocyte/plasma cell producing immunoglobulin. The initial tissue specific T lymphocyte becomes a dual functional helper/suppressor cell. The B lymphocytes use the RNA from the RNA/DNA receptor to synthesize the variable region of the first antibody, IgM1. This antibody (IgM1) does not react with the antigen, ie. the distorted component, or the receptor RNA, but with receptor DNA. The DNA of the receptor base pairs with its complementary strand in the B lymphocyte, and the complementary DNA acts as a template for mRNA synthesis. This results in the production of IgM2 and IgG that can bind the antigen and receptor RNA. These antibodies (IgM1, IgM2 and IgG) when endocytosed by the stimulating cell will also complex cytoplasmic mRNA and nuclear DNA and prevent the synthesis of the antigen that initiated the immune response. If other classes of antibodies are to be produced they will follow a similar pattern (IgM1, IgA and IgG or IgM1, IgE and IgG). From the codons of the known amino acids, the codons for amino acids from translation of the complementary DNA strand have been calculated. The amino acids derived from the complementary codons are considered to represent sequences of amino acids in the antigen as represented by the DNA of an RNA/DNA receptor. For these sequences of amino acids, each has a complementary amino acid as defined by the normal codon. These complementary amino acids are then used in the synthesis of the variable region of the antibody.
mesh_terms: D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D000818:Animals; D000916:Antibody Diversity; D001324:Autoantigens / Q000276:immunology; D001402:B-Lymphocytes / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism; D002450:Cell Communication; D002462:Cell Membrane / Q000378:metabolism; D003062:Codon / Q000235:genetics; D006801:Humans; D007130:Immunoglobulin Idiotypes / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology; D007135:Immunoglobulin Variable Region / Q000235:genetics; D007136:Immunoglobulins / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000235:genetics*; D051379:Mice; D008957:Models, Genetic; D011956:Receptors, Cell Surface / Q000378:metabolism; D013601:T-Lymphocytes / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D001324:Autoantigens; D003062:Codon; C033365:DNA receptor; D007130:Immunoglobulin Idiotypes; D007135:Immunoglobulin Variable Region; D007136:Immunoglobulins; D011956:Receptors, Cell Surface