title: [Echography of superficial structures].
abstract: Sonography is nowadays a routine procedure when gallstones or a tumor of an abdominal organ are suspected. More recently with advance in technology it has become possible to image superficial structures. Modern high resolution realtime machines show soft tissue structure and movements. Duplex machines show simultaneously tissue structure and blood flow by gated Doppler. The most recent machines show coloured blood-flow. The superficial structures studied by sonography are: the abdomen in pediatrics, the brain and medulla under the age of 6 months, the eye, the breast, the testes, the small parts of the neck and the extremities, non-ossified skeleton. Imaging of these structures is quite well known. Diagnostic value of simultaneous blood-flow studies has to be explored. Miniaturization of ultrasound transducers allows applications during surgery and endoscopy. Practical use of these procedures has to be defined. Because of all that work in progress ultrasound is now in touch with most fields of somatic medicine. Basic knowledge of ultrasound has to be integrated in the training of the future doctors to the same extent as radiology
mesh_terms: D000005:Abdomen / Q000033:anatomy & histology; D001921:Brain / Q000033:anatomy & histology; D001940:Breast / Q000033:anatomy & histology; D002648:Child; D004724:Endoscopy; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D008297:Male; D009333:Neck / Q000033:anatomy & histology; D010991:Plethysmography / Q000379:methods; D012611:Scrotum / Q000033:anatomy & histology; D013116:Spinal Cord / Q000033:anatomy & histology; D013514:Surgical Procedures, Operative; D014463:Ultrasonography / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods
vernacular_title: L'échographie des structures superficielles.