title: The effect of D-penicillamine on myeloperoxidase: formation of compound III and inhibition of the chlorinating activity.
abstract: The inhibitory effect of the anti-arthritic drug D-penicillamine on the formation of hypochlorite (HOCl) by myeloperoxidase from H2O2 and Cl- was investigated. When D-penicillamine was added to myeloperoxidase under turnover conditions, Compound III was formed, the superoxide derivative of the enzyme. Compound III was not formed when D-penicillamine was added in the presence of EDTA or in the absence of oxygen. However, when H2O2 was added to myeloperoxidase, D-penicillamine and EDTA, Compound III was formed. Therefore it is concluded that formation of Compound III is initiated by metal-catalysed oxidation of the thiol group of this anti-arthritic drug, resulting in formation of superoxide anions. Once Compound III is formed, a chain reaction is started via which the thiol groups of other D-penicillamine molecules are oxidized to disulphides. Concomitantly, Compound I of myeloperoxidase would be reduced to Compound II and superoxide anions would be generated from oxygen. This conclusion is supported by experiments which showed that formation of Compound III of myeloperoxidase by D-penicillamine depended on the chloride concentration. Thus, an enzyme intermediate which is active in chlorination (i.e. Compound I) participated in the generation of superoxide anions from the anti-arthritic drug. From the results described in this paper it is proposed that D-penicillamine may exert its therapeutic effect in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis by scavenging HOCl and by converting myeloperoxidase to Compound III, which is inactive in the formation of HOCl.
mesh_terms: D055598:Chemical Phenomena; D002621:Chemistry; D002713:Chlorine; D004492:Edetic Acid / Q000494:pharmacology; D006801:Humans; D006861:Hydrogen Peroxide; D007962:Leukocytes / Q000201:enzymology; D010396:Penicillamine / Q000494:pharmacology*; D009195:Peroxidase / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors*; D013057:Spectrum Analysis; D013481:Superoxides / Q000378:metabolism; D019820:Xanthine; D014969:Xanthine Oxidase / Q000378:metabolism; D014970:Xanthines
chemical_list: D014970:Xanthines; D013481:Superoxides; D019820:Xanthine; D002713:Chlorine; D004492:Edetic Acid; D006861:Hydrogen Peroxide; D009195:Peroxidase; D014969:Xanthine Oxidase; D010396:Penicillamine