title: Mechanisms contributing to the sex difference in levels of granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor in the urine of GM-CSF transgenic mice.
abstract: Levels of granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) were 30- to 40-fold higher in the urine of male GM-CSF transgenic mice than in female transgenic mice, despite uniform elevations in both sexes of serum GM-CSF levels. Male transgenic bladder tissue produced two to four times more GM-CSF in vitro than female transgenic or control bladder tissue, but no sex differences were observed in the production of GM-CSF in vitro by kidney tissue. No sex differences were observed in the serum half-lives of native or recombinant GM-CSF in C57BL or littermate control mice, and the half-lives of recombinant GM-CSF were shorter than those of native GM-CSF. The studies indicated that some GM-CSF in urine can represent plasma GM-CSF cleared by the kidney, and native GM-CSF was cleared to the urine more efficiently than recombinant GM-CSF. Female transgenic mice exhibited a subnormal capacity to clear injected native GM-CSF to the urine. Although granulomas were present in the bladder wall of some transgenic mice, their presence did not correlate with the GM-CSF levels in the urine.
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D003115:Colony-Stimulating Factors / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000097:blood / Q000493:pharmacokinetics / Q000652:urine*; D005260:Female; D016178:Granulocyte-Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor; D006131:Growth Inhibitors / Q000032:analysis; D006133:Growth Substances / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000097:blood / Q000493:pharmacokinetics / Q000652:urine*; D006207:Half-Life; D007668:Kidney / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D007678:Kidney Glomerulus / Q000473:pathology; D008297:Male; D008657:Metabolic Clearance Rate; D051379:Mice; D008822:Mice, Transgenic / Q000502:physiology*; D012727:Sex Characteristics; D001743:Urinary Bladder / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology
chemical_list: D003115:Colony-Stimulating Factors; D006131:Growth Inhibitors; D006133:Growth Substances; D016178:Granulocyte-Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor