title: Evidence for cyclophosphamide-induced transitional cell carcinoma in a renal transplant patient.
abstract: Cyclophosphamide treatment has been associated with bladder cancer in a number of case reports but no causal relationship has been proved since nearly all of these patients were treated with the drug for malignant disease. We describe a patient who received cyclophosphamide after cadaveric renal transplantation to prevent rejection. Transitional cell carcinoma developed in the native bladder and in the donor transplanted ureter (20-year-old donor) 13 years later despite no identifiable risk factors. This case strengthens the argument that cyclophosphamide has a carcinogenic potential on the urinary tract epithelium.
mesh_terms: D002295:Carcinoma, Transitional Cell / Q000139:chemically induced*; D003520:Cyclophosphamide / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D005260:Female; D006084:Graft Rejection; D006801:Humans; D007166:Immunosuppressive Agents / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D016030:Kidney Transplantation; D008875:Middle Aged; D013997:Time Factors; D014516:Ureteral Neoplasms / Q000139:chemically induced*; D001749:Urinary Bladder Neoplasms / Q000139:chemically induced*
chemical_list: D007166:Immunosuppressive Agents; D003520:Cyclophosphamide