title: Calcium entry blockers for systemic hypertension.
abstract: Calcium entry blockers appear to be effective antihypertensive agents in both young and older patients. Studies comparing diltiazem and placebo, diltiazem and propranolol, and diltiazem and hydrochlorothiazide indicate that this calcium entry blocker is more effective than placebo, equally effective as the beta-adrenergic inhibitors at least in short-term studies, but not as effective in lowering systolic blood pressure (BP) when compared with hydrochlorothiazide (diastolic BP -11.5 mm Hg with diltiazem vs -12.2 mm Hg with hydrochlorothiazide; systolic BP -12.2 mm Hg with diltiazem vs -20.0 mm Hg with hydrochlorothiazide). Combination therapy with diltiazem and hydrochlorothiazide proved effective in a high percentage of mono-therapy nonresponders. The most common adverse reactions to diltiazem included headaches, dizziness and edema. The exact place of calcium entry blockers in therapy as initial or step-2 therapy with a diuretic in hypertension must be determined by additional long-term experience in large numbers of patients.
mesh_terms: D000806:Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors; D002121:Calcium Channel Blockers / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D002986:Clinical Trials as Topic; D004110:Diltiazem / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use; D006801:Humans; D006973:Hypertension / Q000188:drug therapy*
chemical_list: D000806:Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors; D002121:Calcium Channel Blockers; D004110:Diltiazem