title: Hepar lobatum associated with chemotherapy and metastatic breast cancer.
abstract: Hepar lobatum is now a rarity in developed countries. In this article, we describe three cases with typical liver morphology associated with carcinoma of the breast metastatic to the liver, treated with combination chemotherapy. The pathogenesis of hepar lobatum in our cases is multifactorial with tumor-related desmoplasia and effects of chemotherapy, with resultant tumor necrosis and fibrosis playing a major role.
mesh_terms: D000230:Adenocarcinoma / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000556:secondary; D000971:Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols / Q000009:adverse effects*; D001943:Breast Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy; D002285:Carcinoma, Intraductal, Noninfiltrating / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000556:secondary; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008099:Liver / Q000187:drug effects / Q000473:pathology*; D008113:Liver Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000556:secondary; D008875:Middle Aged