title: Less-than-expected variability in evidence for three stages in memory formation.
abstract: Gibbs and Ng (1976, 1977) proposed a three-stage model of long-term memory formation on the basis of results from a one-trial-learning passive-avoidance procedure using chicks. Chisquare tests show that much of the evidence for this model (Gibbs & Ng, 1976, 1977, 1979, 1984a, 1984b), involving transient drops in retention and drug effects, is less variable than would be expected by chance. This should reduce belief in the model.
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001362:Avoidance Learning / Q000187:drug effects; D002645:Chickens; D002712:Chlorides / Q000494:pharmacology; D008094:Lithium / Q000494:pharmacology; D018021:Lithium Chloride; D008568:Memory / Q000187:drug effects; D008570:Memory, Short-Term / Q000187:drug effects; D011939:Mental Recall / Q000187:drug effects; D010042:Ouabain / Q000494:pharmacology; D011189:Potassium Chloride / Q000494:pharmacology; D012153:Retention, Psychology / Q000187:drug effects
chemical_list: D002712:Chlorides; D010042:Ouabain; D011189:Potassium Chloride; D008094:Lithium; D018021:Lithium Chloride