title: Aqueous production.
abstract: The formation of aqueous humour by the ciliary body is a complex process. Active transport of solutes by the ciliary process epithelium is an energy-dependent mechanism that selectively transports substances against an electrochemical gradient across the cell membranes. Water passively follows the active solute transport. In addition to these active transport processes, ultrafiltration contributes to the formation of aqueous humour. The ciliary epithelium contains enzyme systems that function in the production of aqueous humour. The enzymes sodium-potassium-activated adenosine triphosphatase [(Na+:K+)ATPase] and carbonic anhydrase participate in the active transport across this epithelium. Inhibition of these enzymes lowers intraocular pressure (IOP) by decreasing aqueous humour production. the ciliary epithelium contains both alpha- and beta-adrenergic receptors. Electrophysiologic studies on the isolated iris-ciliary body (I-CB) preparation provide a means to study direct effects of the adrenergic agents on transepithelial properties of the ciliary epithelium. This paper will discuss the enzymatic and adrenergic properties of the ciliary epithelium as they relate to active transport and thereby aqueous humour production.
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001082:Aqueous Humor / Q000378:metabolism*; D001693:Biological Transport, Active; D002256:Carbonic Anhydrases / Q000378:metabolism; D002924:Ciliary Body / Q000378:metabolism; D004837:Epinephrine / Q000494:pharmacology; D006801:Humans; D066298:In Vitro Techniques; D007429:Intraocular Pressure / Q000187:drug effects; D008564:Membrane Potentials; D009638:Norepinephrine / Q000494:pharmacology; D010646:Phentolamine / Q000494:pharmacology; D011817:Rabbits; D012964:Sodium / Q000378:metabolism; D000254:Sodium-Potassium-Exchanging ATPase / Q000378:metabolism; D013999:Timolol / Q000494:pharmacology; D014639:Vanadium / Q000494:pharmacology; D014867:Water / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D014639:Vanadium; D014867:Water; D013999:Timolol; D012964:Sodium; D002256:Carbonic Anhydrases; D000254:Sodium-Potassium-Exchanging ATPase; D009638:Norepinephrine; D004837:Epinephrine; D010646:Phentolamine