The mechanisms of antiviral immunity induced by a vaccinia virus recombinant expressing herpes simplex virus type 1 glycoprotein D: clearance of local infection.
We have shown that immunization of mice with a vaccinia virus recombinant expressing glycoprotein D of Herpes simplex virus (HSV)-1 will induce a variety of L3T4+ T cell responses. These included a HSV-specific delayed-type hypersensitivity response, T cell help for the induction of antiviral antibodies, and the ability to eliminate a challenge dose of HSV from the pinna. This protection against a subcutaneous virus challenge was not mediated by the delayed-type hypersensitivity response because intravenous inoculation of the vaccinia virus recombinant expressing HSV-1-gD induced a state of split tolerance. Thus, mice could still clear a HSV challenge inoculum from the pinna yet were unable to mount a HSV-specific delayed-type hypersensitivity response. Evidence is presented that suggests the protective response was, at least, in part mediated by a T cell-dependent induction of virus-neutralizing antibodies. Evidence is also presented that may suggest the failure of a vaccinia virus recombinant expressing HSV-1-gD to induce HSV-specific cytotoxic T cell responses appears to minimize the protective response to only efficiently clearing low 10(4) 50% tissue culture infective dose) challenge populations of virus. These findings are discussed with relevance to the immune control of HSV infections and to the future development of anti-HSV vaccines.
D000818:Animals; D000914:Antibodies, Viral / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D000945:Antigens, Differentiation, T-Lymphocyte; D000954:Antigens, Surface / Q000032:analysis; D006968:Hypersensitivity, Delayed / Q000276:immunology; D007114:Immunization; D051379:Mice; D008809:Mice, Inbred C3H; D010641:Phenotype; D011994:Recombinant Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology; D018139:Simplexvirus / Q000235:genetics*; D013602:T-Lymphocytes, Cytotoxic / Q000276:immunology*; D014616:Vaccinia virus / Q000235:genetics*; D014759:Viral Envelope Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000276:immunology*
D000914:Antibodies, Viral; D000945:Antigens, Differentiation, T-Lymphocyte; D000954:Antigens, Surface; D011994:Recombinant Proteins; D014759:Viral Envelope Proteins; C039447:glycoprotein D, Human herpesvirus 1