title: Hydrocortisone stimulates the development of oligodendrocytes in primary glial cultures and affects glucose metabolism and lipid synthesis in these cultures.
abstract: Cultures of glial cells were prepared from the brains of one-week-old rat pups. After one day in culture, serum was omitted from the medium and replaced by a combination of growth-stimulating hormones and other factors that enhanced the percentage of oligodendrocytes in the cultures. We investigated the effects of hydrocortisone on the development of oligodendrocytes, on the activities of oligodendrocyte-specific enzymes and on glucose- and lipid-metabolism of the glial cells. Hydrocortisone greatly enhanced the survival of glial cells in culture. The development of galactocerebroside-positive cells and the specific activity of 2',3'-cyclic-nucleotide 3'-phosphodiesterase were stimulated by 50 nM hydrocortisone, whereas these effects were partly reversed at higher concentrations of the hormone. The specific activity of glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase was markedly stimulated by hydrocortisone; 1 microM or higher concentrations of hydrocortisone were required for an optimal effect. The consumption of glucose and the production of lactate were lowered by hydrocortisone whereas the oxidation of [6-14C]glucose to 14CO2 was not affected. Incorporation of [35S]sulfate into sulfolipids was greatly enhanced by hydrocortisone and [14C]incorporation from [1-14C]acetate into cholesterol and fatty acids was also stimulated but to a smaller extent. These results show that hydrocortisone exerts a general trophic function on glial cells in our culture system; enhances the ratio of oligodendrocytes over astrocytes, possibly by directing bipotential progenitor cells to develop into oligodendrocytes; specifically induces glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase in oligodendrocytes.
mesh_terms: D015087:2',3'-Cyclic-Nucleotide Phosphodiesterases / Q000378:metabolism; D000818:Animals; D002454:Cell Differentiation / Q000187:drug effects; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D005947:Glucose / Q000378:metabolism*; D005954:Glucosephosphate Dehydrogenase / Q000378:metabolism; D006854:Hydrocortisone / Q000494:pharmacology*; D008055:Lipids / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D009457:Neuroglia / Q000187:drug effects*; D009836:Oligodendroglia / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism; D051381:Rats; D013268:Stimulation, Chemical
chemical_list: D008055:Lipids; D005954:Glucosephosphate Dehydrogenase; D015087:2',3'-Cyclic-Nucleotide Phosphodiesterases; D005947:Glucose; D006854:Hydrocortisone