title: ATP-dependent proteolysis and the role of ubiquitin in rabbit cardiac muscle.
abstract: A soluble ATP/Mg2-dependent proteolytic system from rabbit cardiac muscle has been identified (m ca. 310 kDa) and purified ca. 9-fold. This enzyme which splits the substrate [3H]globin and 125I-bovine serum albumin (125I-BSA) has many similarities to the ATP-dependent proteolytic enzyme system from reticulocytes which utilizes ubiquitin: 1) The specific activities in reticulocyte lysates and cardiac muscle extracts are of the same magnitude (0.5-1 arb. unit/mg). 2) The binding and elution behavior on DEAE-cellulose is similar. 3) In both cases the pH optimum (substrate 125I-BSA) is pH 7.6. 4) Both enzymes are inhibited by hemin, NEM and iodoacetate but not e.g. by leupeptin, or inhibitors of serine proteases. 5) Neither enzyme system can utilize ATP-analogs such as AMP-CPP, AMP-PCP, AMP-PNP or ATP-gamma-S. There are however also significant differences: 1) The enzyme system from cardiac muscle is fully active in the absence of ubiquitin and cannot be activated by this peptide. 2) The enzyme from cardiac muscle can degrade methylated BSA. 3) The cardiac muscle enzyme can be further purified on Sepharose 4B; the enzyme from reticulocytes is inactivated by this procedure. 4) The cardiac enzyme cannot be inactivated by ribonuclease as the reticulocyte counterpart. Although ubiquitin does not appear to play a role in the isolated ATP/Mg2-dependent proteolytic system from cardiac muscle, it is demonstrated for the first time that 125I-ubiquitin can be conjugated to a wide variety of cardiac muscle proteins in vitro in an ATP-dependent manner. Apparent molecular masses of major conjugates were: 185 kDa, 140 kDa, 85 kDa, 65 kDa, 46 kDa, 38 kDa and 36 kDa as estimated by discontinuous SDS gel electrophoresis. Addition of purified phosphorylase kinase to cardiac muscle extract changed the ubiquitination pattern by the appearance of two novel protein bands. It is concluded that the ATP/Mg2-dependent proteolytic system of cardiac muscle must be differentiated from the proteolytic system of reticulocytes mainly because of its ubiquitin-independence. Nevertheless the conjugation of 125I-ubiquitin to many muscle proteins is a strong indication for a crucial role of this interesting peptide in striated muscle.
mesh_terms: D000255:Adenosine Triphosphate / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000502:physiology*; D000818:Animals; D001345:Autoradiography; D002848:Chromatography, DEAE-Cellulose; D002850:Chromatography, Gel; D005914:Globins / Q000378:metabolism; D006863:Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; D009206:Myocardium / Q000378:metabolism*; D009929:Organ Size; D011506:Proteins / Q000378:metabolism*; D011817:Rabbits; D012156:Reticulocytes / Q000378:metabolism; D012711:Serum Albumin, Radio-Iodinated / Q000378:metabolism; D014452:Ubiquitins / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D011506:Proteins; D012711:Serum Albumin, Radio-Iodinated; D014452:Ubiquitins; D000255:Adenosine Triphosphate; D005914:Globins