title: Child abuse and neglect: a diagnostic guide for the optometrist.
abstract: Since approximately 40% of all physically abused children have ocular complications, it is increasingly important for optometrists to be prepared for an encounter with a child patient who has been abused. This review of the literature was undertaken to develop a diagnostic guide for the optometrist in face of a growing incidence of child abuse. It describes different types of abuse and their physical, emotional and behavioral manifestations. A special emphasis has been placed on head trauma and associated ocular signs. A list of state child protective services agencies, and how to contact them, is included.
mesh_terms: D002648:Child; D002649:Child Abuse / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000331:legislation & jurisprudence / Q000523:psychology; D005131:Eye Injuries / Q000209:etiology; D006801:Humans; D009907:Optometry