title: Activation of interleukin 2 and interleukin 2 receptor (Tac) promoter expression by the trans-activator (tat) gene product of human T-cell leukemia virus, type I.
abstract: Cotransfection of cDNA encoding the trans-activator gene product of human T-cell leukemia virus, type I (HTLV-I) (tat-I), which acts in trans to augment viral gene expression, has revealed strong regulatory effects of this viral protein on the inducible cellular promoters governing human interleukin 2 (IL-2) and IL-2 receptor (Tac) gene expression. The tat-I protein stimulates a 3- to 6-fold increase in IL-2 receptor (Tac) promoter activity in transfected Jurkat T cells, but not in the natural killer-like YT cell line, as measured by changes in the expression of the chloramphenicol acetyltransferase (CAT; EC 2.3.1.28) reporter gene linked to this promoter. In contrast, tat-I alone has little or no effect on IL-2 promoter activity in Jurkat T cells but markedly synergizes with other mitogenic stimuli (phytohemagglutinin, phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate, or the OKT3 monoclonal antibody), which alone are ineffective. The tat-I protein also partially circumvents the pronounced inhibitory effects of cyclosporin A on the IL-2 promoter. Other cellular and viral promoters are unaffected by the tat-I gene product, either alone or in combination with other mitogens. The specific effects of the tat-I gene product on the IL-2 and IL-2 receptor (Tac) promoters suggest the possibility of an autocrine or paracrine mechanism of T-cell growth as an early event in HTLV-I-mediated leukemogenesis.
mesh_terms: D000123:Acetyltransferases / Q000235:genetics; D000818:Animals; D015500:Chloramphenicol O-Acetyltransferase; D003524:Cyclosporins / Q000494:pharmacology; D017977:Deltaretrovirus / Q000235:genetics*; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation / Q000187:drug effects; D015696:Gene Products, tat; D007376:Interleukin-2 / Q000235:genetics*; D010835:Phytohemagglutinins / Q000494:pharmacology; D010957:Plasmids; D011401:Promoter Regions, Genetic; D011971:Receptors, Immunologic / Q000235:genetics*; D015375:Receptors, Interleukin-2; D013755:Tetradecanoylphorbol Acetate / Q000494:pharmacology; D014157:Transcription Factors / Q000494:pharmacology; D014162:Transfection
chemical_list: D003524:Cyclosporins; D015696:Gene Products, tat; D007376:Interleukin-2; D010835:Phytohemagglutinins; D011971:Receptors, Immunologic; D015375:Receptors, Interleukin-2; D014157:Transcription Factors; D000123:Acetyltransferases; D015500:Chloramphenicol O-Acetyltransferase; D013755:Tetradecanoylphorbol Acetate