title: Clostridial pyruvate oxidoreductase and the pyruvate-oxidizing enzyme specific to nitrogen fixation in Klebsiella pneumoniae are similar enzymes.
abstract: The chemical characterization, EPR properties, and mechanism of pyruvate:flavodoxin (ferredoxin) oxidoreductase from Klebsiella pneumoniae and Clostridium thermoaceticum have been investigated. A simple, specific, and sensitive assay and an efficient purification (based on the high affinity of these enzymes for a dye attached to agarose) are reported. The observed iron content of 8 atoms/subunit is twice that reported by others, whereas the contents of lipoate and flavin are less than 0.1 mol/subunit, in agreement with previous reports. Spectroscopic evidence suggests that the iron is present in Fe4S4(2+,1+) clusters. Reduction of the enzyme requires the presence of CoA as well as 1.1 pyruvate/subunit, which is very nearly the theoretical amount required the reduce two Fe4S(2+,1+) clusters. In the absence of CoA, stoichiometric amounts of pyruvate are decarboxylated, but the Fe/S centers are not reduced. We conclude that the K. pneumoniae and C. thermoaceticum enzymes are adapted to rapid reduction of low potential 1-e- carriers, similar to the pyruvate oxidoreductase of Halobacterium (Kerscher, L., and Oesterhelt, D. (1977) FEBS Lett. 83, 197-201), but different in that an Fe/S center-radical pair is used in the latter enzyme in place of the pair of Fe4S4 centers we find. The K. pneumoniae and C. thermoaceticum oxidoreductases appear to be mechanistically closely related to the Clostridium acidiurici enzyme (Uyeda, K., and Rabinowitz, J. C. (1971) J. Biol. Chem. 246, 3111-3119), differing as a class from the lipoate-containing, pyridine nucleotide-reducing enzyme present in aerobes (Reed, L. J. (1974) Accts. Chem. Res. 2, 740-746). The function of the Klebsiella enzyme is to supply electrons to nitrogenase. This is accomplished in vitro with purified components via a nif-specific flavodoxin or other low potential 1-e- carriers such as viologen dyes or ferredoxins. The in vivo molar ratio of nitrogenase to the physiological reduction system, estimated from activity measurements of individual components in crude extracts, was 0.4:0.03:2:1 pyruvate oxidoreductase:flavodoxin:nitrogenase component II:nitrogenase component I.
mesh_terms: D000114:Acetylene / Q000378:metabolism; D003013:Clostridium / Q000201:enzymology*; D003545:Cysteine / Q000378:metabolism; D004355:Drug Stability; D004578:Electron Spin Resonance Spectroscopy; D004579:Electron Transport; D005415:Flavins / Q000032:analysis; D005418:Flavodoxin / Q000378:metabolism; D007501:Iron / Q000032:analysis; D007658:Ketone Oxidoreductases / Q000378:metabolism*; D007711:Klebsiella pneumoniae / Q000201:enzymology*; D009586:Nitrogen Fixation; D009591:Nitrogenase / Q000378:metabolism; D010084:Oxidation-Reduction; D011489:Protein Denaturation; D050743:Pyruvate Synthase; D013053:Spectrophotometry; D013455:Sulfur / Q000032:analysis; D013835:Thiamine Pyrophosphate / Q000032:analysis / Q000494:pharmacology; D008063:Thioctic Acid / Q000032:analysis
chemical_list: D005415:Flavins; D005418:Flavodoxin; D013455:Sulfur; D008063:Thioctic Acid; D007501:Iron; D009591:Nitrogenase; D007658:Ketone Oxidoreductases; D050743:Pyruvate Synthase; D003545:Cysteine; D000114:Acetylene; D013835:Thiamine Pyrophosphate