Vincristine and prednisone prolong the survival of patients receiving intravenous or oral melphalan for multiple myeloma: Cancer and Leukemia Group B experience.
A total of 589 patients with previously untreated multiple myeloma were randomized to receive daily oral melphalan, pulse-dose intravenous (IV) melphalan, carmustine (BCNU), or lomustine (CCNU). All patients received an initial tapering course of prednisone (Pred). During week 22 (day 154), patients were randomized to receive or not to receive additional therapy with vincristine (VCR) (1 mg/m2) and prednisone (0.6 mg/kg/d for seven days) at 8-week intervals. The influence of VCR/Pred was determined in 302 patients who remained on study beyond 22 weeks after initial therapy. VCR/Pred converted a significant percentage of nonresponders to responders in patients treated with melphalan (55% v 19%, P = .002), but not in patients treated with a nitrosourea (48% v 23%, P = .06). Survival beyond week 22 was significantly longer following the addition of VCR/Pred in patients receiving melphalan (median, 35.3 months v 27.0 months; P = .003) but not in patients receiving BCNU or CCNU (median, 28.1 months v 26.2 months; P = .91). These differences were seen both for oral and IV melphalan. A trend for beneficial effect of VCR/Pred was definitely seen in the good-risk patients (P = .03) but only suggestive for poor-risk patients (P = .12). Following adjustment for VCR/Pred effects, there were no differences in the survival of patients receiving any of the four initial treatments.
D000971:Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D002330:Carmustine / Q000008:administration & dosage; D002986:Clinical Trials as Topic; D004334:Drug Administration Schedule; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008130:Lomustine / Q000008:administration & dosage; D008297:Male; D008558:Melphalan / Q000008:administration & dosage; D008875:Middle Aged; D009101:Multiple Myeloma / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000401:mortality; D011241:Prednisone / Q000008:administration & dosage; D011897:Random Allocation; D014750:Vincristine / Q000008:administration & dosage
D014750:Vincristine; D008130:Lomustine; D008558:Melphalan; D002330:Carmustine; D011241:Prednisone