title: The mutagenic and clastogenic activity of tobacco smoke.
abstract: Employing the Salmonella/microsome mutagenicity assay it was established that the mutagenic effect of tobacco smoke (TS) (240 cm3 in a 16-l glass chamber, at 1 min or 5 min exposure time) in S. typhimurium TA98 depended on the type of S9 mix used. Addition of S9 mix obtained from the liver of 3-methylcholanthrene- or Aroclor-1254-pretreated rats but not from the liver of phenobarbital-pretreated or untreated rats was required to demonstrate the mutagenic activity of TS. One might suggest that polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons were involved in TS-induced mutagenesis in S. typhimurium TA98. In addition, treatment of BDF1 mice with TS (600 cm3 TS in a 14-l glass chamber, 2-6 exposures of 30 min each with a 1-min interval between them during which a total change of the air was made) caused an up to 3.5-fold increase of the number of micronucleated polychromatic erythrocytes (PCE) in mouse bone marrow detected 24 h after the TS exposure. Furthermore, a stable 2-5-fold elevation of the number of micronucleated normochromatic erythrocytes (NCE) was detected in the peripheral blood of mice treated daily (2 x 30 min) with TS, starting 48 h after the first TS exposure. The application of the micronucleus test in mouse peripheral blood, a more convenient and useful approach for detecting the chronic clastogenic activity of TS, allowed us to establish the cumulative genotoxic effect of TS in mice.
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001711:Biotransformation; D002467:Cell Nucleus / Q000648:ultrastructure; D002869:Chromosome Aberrations; D004790:Enzyme Induction; D004913:Erythrocytes, Abnormal / Q000648:ultrastructure; D066298:In Vitro Techniques; D051379:Mice; D008862:Microsomes, Liver / Q000378:metabolism; D009153:Mutagens; D010947:Plants, Toxic; D051381:Rats; D012486:Salmonella typhimurium; D012906:Smoke / Q000009:adverse effects*; D014026:Nicotiana
chemical_list: D009153:Mutagens; D012906:Smoke