title: Perforation of the augmented bladder in patients undergoing clean intermittent catheterization.
abstract: During urological reconstructive surgery small or large bowel is used to increase bladder capacity or to create a urinary reservoir. In most patients clean intermittent catheterization is necessary for urinary drainage. We report on 4 patients with a sigmoid cystoplasty who perform clean intermittent catheterization and who have experienced a serious long-term complication, urinary reservoir perforation, which was fatal in 1. Two were adolescent girls with myelodysplasia and 2 were prepubertal boys with bladder exstrophy. One patient experienced 2 separate reservoir perforations. Rupture occurred 15 to 48 months (mean 30.2 months) after reconstruction. Diagnosis was made by a static cystogram, which demonstrated extravasation in 2 of 4 patients, and ultrasound. In 2 patients the cystogram was normal. Management included intravenous antibiotics and open abscess drainage in all patients. In patients who have undergone augmentation cystoplasty or continent diversion and in whom abdominal pain and distension develop reservoir perforation should be considered in the differential diagnosis.
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D001746:Bladder Exstrophy / Q000628:therapy; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D003106:Colon / Q000637:transplantation; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D009436:Neural Tube Defects / Q000628:therapy; D014463:Ultrasonography; D001743:Urinary Bladder / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000293:injuries* / Q000601:surgery; D014546:Urinary Catheterization / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000379:methods; D014567:Urography; D014950:Wounds, Penetrating / Q000209:etiology* / Q000601:surgery