title: Reduction in in vivo testing at the National Veterinary Services Laboratories of the United States Department of Agriculture.
abstract: Efforts are being made at the National Veterinary Services Laboratories to reduce in vivo testing of USDA licensed veterinary vaccines. A hemagglutination test for determining potency of killed parvovirus vaccine is currently being used for canine and swine adjuvanted and nonadjuvanted products; a serum neutralization inhibition test (SNIT) is being developed for potency testing of killed adjuvanted infectious bovine rhinotracheitis (IBR), bovine virus diarrhea (BVD) and parainfluenza (PI3) vaccines: and a tissue culture titration method for live avian encephalomyelitis virus vaccine is being pursued as a replacement for the old hatch-out chick embryo titration method. Difficulties in separating the antigen from oil emulsion products are preventing significant advances in developing in vitro testing procedures for poultry killed-virus vaccines.
mesh_terms: D000826:Animal Testing Alternatives; D000818:Animals; D001681:Biological Assay; D002417:Cattle; D002418:Cattle Diseases / Q000517:prevention & control; D002645:Chickens; D001350:Encephalomyelitis Virus, Avian / Q000276:immunology; D007242:Herpesvirus 1, Bovine / Q000276:immunology; D009500:Neutralization Tests; D010224:Parainfluenza Virus 3, Human / Q000276:immunology; D010321:Parvoviridae / Q000276:immunology; D011201:Poultry Diseases / Q000517:prevention & control; D014481:United States; D014765:Viral Vaccines / Q000592:standards*
chemical_list: D014765:Viral Vaccines