title: Small-bowel bacterial overgrowth and systemic immunosuppression in experimental peritonitis.
abstract: The effect of intraperitoneal infection on small-bowel flora and on systemic immunity was studied in a rat model, with use of the delayed-type hypersensitivity (DTH) response to keyhole limpet hemocyanin (KLH) as a measure of global immunologic integrity. Twenty-four hours after the induction of peritonitis by cecal ligation and puncture, concentrations of Escherichia coli in the proximal gastrointestinal tract increased from fewer than 10(3) colony-forming units (CFU)/ml to more than 10(9) CFU/ml, and the DTH response decreased from 10.0 +/- 0.2 to 2.1 +/- 0.4 mm. To assess the contribution of this altered luminal flora to the observed suppression of DTH scores, cecal ligation without puncture was performed in a group of animals whose endogenous flora had been suppressed by administration of oral neomycin. Oral administration of live antibiotic-resistant E. coli to the study animals resulted in significant DTH depression compared with controls given saline solution (2.7 +/- 0.4 vs 4.4 +/- 0.4 mm, p less than 0.005), even though the gastrointestinal tract was anatomically intact. Similar depression was seen if the challenge was limited to the small bowel as a result of the prior performance of an ileostomy and occurred in the absence of significant systemic or portal levels of viable bacteria. The results suggest that gut endotoxin plays a role in the immunosuppression associated with peritonitis.
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000941:Antigens / Q000276:immunology; D002432:Cecum / Q000601:surgery; D004926:Escherichia coli / Q000302:isolation & purification; D005260:Female; D006433:Hemocyanins / Q000276:immunology; D006968:Hypersensitivity, Delayed / Q000276:immunology; D007081:Ileostomy; D007108:Immune Tolerance; D007421:Intestine, Small / Q000382:microbiology*; D007583:Jejunum / Q000648:ultrastructure; D008297:Male; D010538:Peritonitis / Q000276:immunology* / Q000382:microbiology; D051381:Rats; D011917:Rats, Inbred Lew; D011919:Rats, Inbred Strains
chemical_list: D000941:Antigens; D006433:Hemocyanins; C032808:keyhole-limpet hemocyanin