title: New and old contrast agents: physiology and nephrotoxicity.
abstract: Newer contrast agents have recently been developed to improve patient safety and imaging quality. This survey examines renal handling of contrast media, mechanisms of contrast enhancement and questions related to renal toxicity. Methods to minimize contrast-medium-induced acute renal failure are suggested. The introduction of low osmolality contrast media promises reduced patient risk and improved renal enhancement.
mesh_terms: D058186:Acute Kidney Injury / Q000139:chemically induced; D003287:Contrast Media / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000633:toxicity; D006801:Humans; D007668:Kidney / Q000187:drug effects*; D009994:Osmolar Concentration; D012995:Solubility; D014567:Urography
chemical_list: D003287:Contrast Media