title: The release of catecholamines from the adrenal medulla and its modulation by alpha 2-adrenoceptors in the anaesthetized dog.
abstract: The adrenal nerve of anaesthetized and vagotomized dogs was electrically stimulated (10 V pulses of 2 ms duration for 10 min) at frequencies of 1, 3, 10, and 25 Hz. There was a correlation between the frequency of stimulation and the plasma concentrations of epinephrine, norepinephrine, and dopamine in the adrenal vein, mainly after the 1st min of stimulation and the maximal concentration was reached sooner with higher frequencies of stimulation. Moreover, the relative percentage of catecholamines released in response to the electrical stimulation was not changed by the frequency of stimulation. To test the hypothesis that a local negative feedback mechanism mediated by alpha 2-adrenoceptors exists in the adrenal medulla, the effects of the systemic administration of clonidine (alpha 2-antagonist) on the concentrations of catecholamines in the adrenal vein were evaluated during the electrical stimulation of the adrenal nerve (5 V pulses of 2 ms duration for 3 min) at 3 Hz. Moreover, the effects of the systemic injections of more specific alpha 2-agonist and antagonist (oxymetazoline and idazoxan) were tested on the release of catecholamines in the adrenal vein in response to electrical stimulation of the splanchnic nerve at 1 and 3 Hz frequencies. The injection of 0.5 mg/kg of yohimbine caused a significant increase in the concentrations of epinephrine and norepinephrine in the adrenal vein induced by the electrical stimulation of the adrenal nerve and the injection of 15 micrograms/kg of clonidine had no effects.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
mesh_terms: D000313:Adrenal Medulla / Q000187:drug effects / Q000294:innervation* / Q000378:metabolism; D000818:Animals; D002395:Catecholamines / Q000378:metabolism*; D003000:Clonidine / Q000494:pharmacology; D004146:Dioxanes / Q000494:pharmacology; D004285:Dogs; D004298:Dopamine / Q000378:metabolism; D004558:Electric Stimulation; D004837:Epinephrine / Q000378:metabolism; D005260:Female; D019329:Idazoxan; D008297:Male; D009638:Norepinephrine / Q000378:metabolism; D010109:Oxymetazoline / Q000494:pharmacology; D011942:Receptors, Adrenergic, alpha / Q000502:physiology*; D013153:Splanchnic Nerves / Q000502:physiology; D015016:Yohimbine / Q000494:pharmacology
chemical_list: D002395:Catecholamines; D004146:Dioxanes; D011942:Receptors, Adrenergic, alpha; D015016:Yohimbine; D010109:Oxymetazoline; D003000:Clonidine; D004298:Dopamine; D009638:Norepinephrine; D019329:Idazoxan; D004837:Epinephrine