title: Maintenance of potassium balance during long-term diuretic therapy in chronic heart failure patients with thiazide-induced hypokalemia: comparison of potassium supplementation with potassium chloride and potassium-sparing agents, amiloride and triamterene.
abstract: The relative efficacy of potassium chloride, amiloride and triamterene in maintaining potassium and magnesium balance was evaluated in 23 hypokalemic (S-K less than or equal to 3.5 mmol/l) patients with chronic heart failure receiving diuretic therapy. Amiloride and triamterene were administered in a randomized, crossover manner, followed by potassium chloride in an open manner. During a 5-month treatment with hydrochlorothiazide 50 mg twice/day, potassium chloride 1 g twice/day was not as effective as amiloride 5 mg or triamterene 75 mg twice/day in maintaining serum potassium and magnesium and total-body potassium, while amiloride and triamterene seemed to be equally effective. During all three supplementations, a decrease in serum potassium to a hypokalemic level was observed in some patients. The need for higher doses of potassium chloride, amiloride and triamterene was clearly concentrated to the same patients, and correction was easily reached by increasing the respective doses.
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000584:Amiloride / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use; D001581:Benzothiadiazines; D002908:Chronic Disease; D002986:Clinical Trials as Topic; D004232:Diuretics; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D005260:Female; D006333:Heart Failure / Q000378:metabolism*; D006801:Humans; D007008:Hypokalemia / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000378:metabolism*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011188:Potassium / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D011189:Potassium Chloride / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D011897:Random Allocation; D049993:Sodium Chloride Symporter Inhibitors / Q000009:adverse effects*; D014223:Triamterene / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use; D014882:Water-Electrolyte Balance
chemical_list: D001581:Benzothiadiazines; D004232:Diuretics; D049993:Sodium Chloride Symporter Inhibitors; D011189:Potassium Chloride; D000584:Amiloride; D011188:Potassium; D014223:Triamterene