title: Chlorproguanil/dapsone for the treatment of non-severe Plasmodium falciparum malaria in Kenya: a pilot study.
abstract: Chlorocycloguanil, the active metabolite of chlorproguanil, was synergistic in vitro with dapsone against 2 culture-adapted Plasmodium falciparum isolates from Kenya; maximal synergy occurred at lower concentrations that it did with pyrimethamine and sulfadoxine. 48 children with asymptomatic P. falciparum infections were treated with chlorproguanil (at a target dose of 1.2 mg/kg) and dapsone (target dose of 1.2 or 2.4 mg/kg); all were free of parasitaemia by day 7. The following numbers had recurrences on days 14, 21, and 28, respectively: 1 of 48, 7 of 47, and 7 of 40. All 39 children treated with pyrimethamine (target dose 1.2 mg/kg) and sulfadoxine (target dose 24 mg/kg) were cleared of infection, while the following had recurrences on days 14, 21, and 28: 1 of 39, 2 of 38, and 2 of 36. The rate of decrease in parasitaemia was the same in the 2 groups, and there was no change in haematocrit or haemoglobin during the follow-up. The rate of recurrence in the children receiving chlorporguanil/dapsone was higher, probably because these drugs have a much shorter clearance time than pyrimethamine/sulfadoxine. Chlorproguanil/dapsone is an effective combination for treating P. falciparum malaria and deserves further study.
authors.affiliation: Biomedical Sciences Research Centre, Kenya Medical Research Institute, (KEMRI), Nairobi.
authors.forename: W M
authors.initials: WM
authors.lastname: Watkins
authors.forename: A D
authors.initials: AD
authors.lastname: Brandling-Bennett
authors.forename: C G
authors.initials: CG
authors.lastname: Nevill
authors.forename: J Y
authors.initials: JY
authors.lastname: Carter
authors.forename: D A
authors.initials: DA
authors.lastname: Boriga
authors.forename: R E
authors.initials: RE
authors.lastname: Howells
authors.forename: D K
authors.initials: DK
authors.lastname: Koech
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D003622:Dapsone / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D004359:Drug Therapy, Combination; D006801:Humans; D007630:Kenya; D008288:Malaria / Q000188:drug therapy*; D010865:Pilot Projects; D010963:Plasmodium falciparum; D002727:Proguanil / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000627:therapeutic use
chemical_list: C007030:chlorproguanil; D003622:Dapsone; D002727:Proguanil