Cerebrovascular and cerebral effects of nimodipine--an update.
A survey is given on the vascular and neuronal effects of calcium antagonists under physiological and pathological conditions. Special emphasis is put on vasospasm caused by subarachnoid haemorrhage and on postischaemic cerebral hypoperfusion following different forms of cerebral ischaemia, and on the attempts to influence these phenomena pharmacologically. Regarding its neuronal effects it seems likely that nimodipine potently blocks calcium entry during pathological conditions like cerebral ischaemia and spreading cortical depression. Positive effects also have been seen during epileptic seizures and withdrawal syndromes, whereas calcium entry under normal physiological conditions does not appear to be affected. Possible clinical consequences are discussed.
Brandt
L
L
Department of Neurosurgery, University Hospital, Lund, Sweden.
Andersson
K E
KE
Ljunggren
B
B
Säveland
H
H
Ryman
T
T
D000818:Animals; D001921:Brain / Q000187:drug effects*; D002545:Brain Ischemia / Q000503:physiopathology; D002121:Calcium Channel Blockers / Q000494:pharmacology; D002560:Cerebrovascular Circulation / Q000187:drug effects*; D003331:Coronary Vessels / Q000187:drug effects; D000431:Ethanol / Q000009:adverse effects; D006801:Humans; D002546:Ischemic Attack, Transient / Q000517:prevention & control; D009020:Morphine / Q000009:adverse effects; D009474:Neurons / Q000187:drug effects; D009553:Nimodipine / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D009619:Nociceptors / Q000187:drug effects; D012640:Seizures / Q000517:prevention & control; D013375:Substance Withdrawal Syndrome / Q000517:prevention & control
D002121:Calcium Channel Blockers; D000431:Ethanol; D009553:Nimodipine; D009020:Morphine