title: Cranio-maxillary fixation using supra-orbital pins.
abstract: This paper compares the forces which external frames, used for cranio-maxillary fixation, can resist. Clinically, several frames using supra-orbital pins have been proven satisfactory. By quantifying the resistance forces, a more objective assessment of their effectiveness is made. The resistance to backward displacement of the maxilla is measured and compared for 3 frames. Two frames are used for comparison of resistance to occlusal forces.
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Wallace
authors.forename: R D
authors.initials: RD
authors.lastname: Bagnall
mesh_terms: D001696:Biomechanical Phenomena; D004867:Equipment Design; D005592:Fracture Fixation / Q000295:instrumentation* / Q000379:methods; D006801:Humans; D007572:Jaw Fractures / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000628:therapy; D008437:Maxilla / Q000503:physiopathology; D009984:Orthopedic Fixation Devices; D013314:Stress, Mechanical