title: Evaluation of the sensitivity in vivo and in vitro of Plasmodium falciparum malaria to quinine in an area of full sensitivity to chloroquine.
abstract: The sensitivity of Plasmodium falciparum to quinine in Nigeria was examined in vivo and in vitro prior to the re-introduction of the drug into malaria therapy in that country in the face of spreading chloroquine resistance in Africa. The parasites showed full sensitivity in vivo to quinine, with a mean parasite clearance time of 2.4 d and a mean fever clearance time of 1.4 d. Using the in vitro microculture technique, the Nigerian isolates were found to have a minimum inhibitory concentration (IC) of 1.28 mumol quinine/litre blood-medium mixture. The IC50 and IC99 were 0.25 mumol/litre and 0.8 mumol/litre respectively. The study afforded an opportunity to compare the sensitivity of P. falciparum to quinine and chloroquine in a population in which chloroquine resistance was not a problem and the results showed slower parasitological and clinical response to quinine than to chloroquine.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, University of Ibadan, Nigeria.
authors.forename: L A
authors.initials: LA
authors.lastname: Salako
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Sowunmi
authors.forename: O J
authors.initials: OJ
authors.lastname: Laoye
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D002738:Chloroquine / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D002986:Clinical Trials as Topic; D004351:Drug Resistance; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D008288:Malaria / Q000188:drug therapy*; D008297:Male; D009549:Nigeria; D010963:Plasmodium falciparum / Q000187:drug effects*; D011803:Quinine / Q000627:therapeutic use*
chemical_list: D002738:Chloroquine; D011803:Quinine