title: Enhancing activity levels of patients with permanent cardiac pacemakers.
abstract: In this article is provided a review of the literature for clinicians who wish to promote active life-styles for their patients with permanent cardiac pacemakers. To provide a theoretic background, the normal cardiovascular response to activity is first outlined, then compared with the altered response in patients with pacemakers. The problems and potentials of dual versus single-chamber pacemakers, are discussed, and subgroups of populations who may benefit from the different modes are suggested. Optimal programming of the pacemaker is cited as a necessary component for enhancing activity levels. Problems unique to patients with pacemakers such as myopotential inhibition, dislodgment during activity, and the pacemaker syndrome are also discussed. Finally, psychosocial considerations including education, emotional support, and the need to develop concrete activity guidelines are addressed.
authors.affiliation: Queen of the Valley Hospital, Napa, CA 94558.
authors.forename: N K
authors.initials: NK
authors.lastname: Tamarisk
mesh_terms: D015444:Exercise; D006801:Humans; D010138:Pacemaker, Artificial; D012046:Rehabilitation