title: Major operative trauma increases peripheral amino acid release during the steady-state infusion of total parenteral nutrition in man.
abstract: The effect of major operative trauma on skeletal muscle metabolism was examined in nine patients receiving a constant infusion of calories (1460 kcal/m2/day) and protein (75 gm of amino acids/m2/day) for 5 days before and 4 days after an operation. Compared with the preoperative state, 72 hours after the operation there was a significant rise in arterial levels of glucagon, cortisol, norepinephrine, and inactive triiodothyronine and a drop in concentrations of insulin, active triiodothyronine, and amino acids. Forearm blood flow increased, as well as the efflux from forearm muscle of lactate, taurine, serine, glycine, valine, methionine, isoleucine, leucine, phenylalanine, lysine, arginine, and total amino acid nitrogen (440%). This loss of muscle protein after trauma is associated with increased muscle proteolysis, as measured by increased urinary 3-methylhistidine excretion (83%), and accounts for increased nitrogen loss (54%) from the body. Increased activity of the sympathetic nervous system is manifested by increased levels of epinephrine and norepinephrine, a relative lack of insulin, and increased levels of glucagon. This hormonal milieu plays an important role in the production of hypoaminoacidemia, increased efflux of amino acids and lactate from muscle, and negative nitrogen balance observed in these traumatized patients.
authors.forename: R J
authors.initials: RJ
authors.lastname: Finley
authors.forename: R I
authors.initials: RI
authors.lastname: Inculet
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Pace
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Holliday
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Rose
authors.forename: J H
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Duff
authors.forename: A C
authors.initials: AC
authors.lastname: Groves
authors.forename: L I
authors.initials: LI
authors.lastname: Woolf
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000596:Amino Acids / Q000378:metabolism*; D005971:Glutamates / Q000097:blood; D005973:Glutamine / Q000097:blood; D006728:Hormones / Q000097:blood; D006801:Humans; D008762:Methylhistidines / Q000652:urine; D008875:Middle Aged; D009132:Muscles / Q000378:metabolism; D009584:Nitrogen / Q000652:urine; D010289:Parenteral Nutrition, Total; D012039:Regional Blood Flow; D013514:Surgical Procedures, Operative
chemical_list: D000596:Amino Acids; D005971:Glutamates; D006728:Hormones; D008762:Methylhistidines; D005973:Glutamine; D009584:Nitrogen