title: Induction of macrophage tumoricidal activity by granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor.
abstract: Monocytes are a subpopulation of peripheral blood leukocytes, which when appropriately activated by the regulatory hormones of the immune system, are capable of becoming macrophages--potent effector cells for immune response to tumors and parasites. A complementary DNA for the T lymphocyte-derived lymphokine, granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF), has been cloned, and recombinant GM-CSF protein has been expressed in yeast and purified to homogeneity. This purified human recombinant GM-CSF stimulated peripheral blood monocytes in vitro to become cytotoxic for the malignant melanoma cell line A375. Another T cell-derived lymphokine, gamma-interferon (IFN-gamma), also stimulated peripheral blood monocytes to become tumoricidal against this malignant cell line. When IFN-gamma activates monocytes to become tumoricidal, additional stimulation by exogenously added lipopolysaccharide is required. No such exogenous signals were required for the activation of monocytes by GM-CSF.
authors.forename: K H
authors.initials: KH
authors.lastname: Grabstein
authors.forename: D L
authors.initials: DL
authors.lastname: Urdal
authors.forename: R J
authors.initials: RJ
authors.lastname: Tushinski
authors.forename: D Y
authors.initials: DY
authors.lastname: Mochizuki
authors.forename: V L
authors.initials: VL
authors.lastname: Price
authors.forename: M A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Cantrell
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Gillis
authors.forename: P J
authors.initials: PJ
authors.lastname: Conlon
mesh_terms: D002460:Cell Line; D003115:Colony-Stimulating Factors / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000494:pharmacology*; D003602:Cytotoxicity, Immunologic / Q000187:drug effects*; D006801:Humans; D007371:Interferon-gamma / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000494:pharmacology; D008264:Macrophages / Q000187:drug effects*; D008545:Melanoma / Q000276:immunology; D009000:Monocytes / Q000187:drug effects; D009369:Neoplasms / Q000276:immunology*; D011994:Recombinant Proteins / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000494:pharmacology
chemical_list: D003115:Colony-Stimulating Factors; D011994:Recombinant Proteins; D007371:Interferon-gamma