title: Rapidly developing tolerance to transdermal nitroglycerin in congestive heart failure.
abstract: We have reported early attenuation of hemodynamic effects of transdermal nitroglycerin in patients with heart failure. We now report nitroglycerin plasma levels in those same patients. We administered transdermal nitroglycerin, 60 mg/24 h, to eight patients or placebo to seven patients in a double-blind fashion, and monitored pulmonary wedge pressure and nitroglycerin plasma levels for 24 hours. After placebo administration, nitroglycerin plasma levels and pulmonary wedge pressure remained unchanged. During transdermal nitroglycerin administration, the plasma nitroglycerin level rose from 0.04 +/- 0.12 ng/mL at baseline to near peak levels at 2 hours (7.43 +/- 7.21 ng/mL). Between 2 and 24 hours, levels fluctuated at a steady state. Pulmonary wedge pressure fell from 22 +/- 7 mm Hg at control to a nadir of 14 +/- 5 mm Hg at 4 hours (p less than 0.01). Despite persistently high plasma nitroglycerin levels, by 18 hours pulmonary wedge pressure was no longer significantly reduced (20 +/- 9 mm Hg). These results indicate that rapid development of tolerance is the cause of attenuated hemodynamic efficacy of transdermal nitroglycerin.
authors.forename: R A
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: Jordan
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Seth
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Casebolt
authors.forename: M J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Hayes
authors.forename: M M
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: Wilen
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Franciosa
mesh_terms: D000287:Administration, Topical; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D004341:Drug Evaluation; D004361:Drug Tolerance; D006333:Heart Failure / Q000188:drug therapy*; D006439:Hemodynamics / Q000187:drug effects*; D006801:Humans; D005996:Nitroglycerin / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000097:blood / Q000627:therapeutic use; D011669:Pulmonary Wedge Pressure / Q000187:drug effects; D011897:Random Allocation
chemical_list: D005996:Nitroglycerin