title: Rivalries and controversies during early ether anaesthesia.
abstract: National and international rivalries can intrude into the arena of medical and scientific advances. Editorials and reports published in North American, British, and French medical journals in early 1847 regarding the discovery and initial use of ether anaesthesia illustrate these rivalries. The effects of these opinions and attitudes on the spread of ether anaesthesia are analyzed.
authors.affiliation: Department of Anesthesia, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Tirer
mesh_terms: D000776:Anesthesiology / Q000266:history*; D004986:Ether / Q000266:history*; D005019:Ethyl Ethers / Q000266:history*; D005060:Europe; D049672:History, 19th Century; D010506:Periodicals as Topic / Q000266:history; D014481:United States
chemical_list: D005019:Ethyl Ethers; D004986:Ether