title: Some properties and mechanisms of thymol-induced release of calcium from the calcium-store in guinea-pig taenia caecum.
abstract: The properties and mechanisms of Ca release induced by thymol from the intracellular Ca-store in the guinea-pig taenia caecum were investigated and compared with those by carbachol, using an intact muscle and a microsomal fraction. In Ca, Na-free, EGTA-containing K-solution, a transient contraction was evoked by each drug, and carbachol produced the contraction following treatment with thymol; however, a reversed sequence did not. The efflux of preloaded 45Ca in the presence and absence of ATP from taenia microsomes was accelerated by increasing concentrations of Ca ions outside. The minimal concentration to stimulate 45Ca-efflux was below 0.2 microM in both cases, and the Km values for Ca ions in the presence and absence of ATP were estimated to be 0.65 microM and 2.0 microM Ca ions, respectively. Thymol, which has been reported to be one of the most potent stimulators of the Ca-induced Ca release in the sarcoplasmic reticulum of skeletal muscle, enhanced the 45Ca-efflux from the taenia microsomes in the presence of ATP dose-dependently, and its mode of action seemed bimodal. That is, at 0.5 mM, thymol lowered the concentration of Ca ions which are needed to induce stimulation of 45Ca-efflux, whereas, at 1 mM, the stimulative effect of thymol on 45Ca-efflux was to augment the maximum rate of 45Ca-efflux, independent of concentrations of Ca ions. Carbachol (1 mM) did not have an effect on 45Ca-efflux with or without 0.1 mM GTP. In conclusion, the possibility has been suggested that in the guinea-pig taenia caecum, carbachol might release stored Ca ions via unknown pathway(s), whereas thymol directly releases Ca ions in a ATP-regulated fashion. Further, carbachol would be more efficacious for releasing stored Ca ions. Notwithstanding, the Ca-stores and/or the Ca-releasing mechanisms, which are utilized by both thymol and carbachol, seemed to share a common part(s) to some degree.
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Hisayama
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Takayanagi
mesh_terms: D000255:Adenosine Triphosphate / Q000494:pharmacology; D000818:Animals; D002118:Calcium / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000502:physiology; D002132:Calcium Radioisotopes; D002217:Carbachol / Q000494:pharmacology; D002432:Cecum / Q000378:metabolism*; D004533:Egtazic Acid / Q000494:pharmacology; D005260:Female; D006168:Guinea Pigs; D066298:In Vitro Techniques; D008297:Male; D008861:Microsomes / Q000378:metabolism; D009119:Muscle Contraction / Q000187:drug effects; D009130:Muscle, Smooth / Q000187:drug effects; D011343:Procaine / Q000494:pharmacology; D013943:Thymol / Q000494:pharmacology*
chemical_list: D002132:Calcium Radioisotopes; D013943:Thymol; D011343:Procaine; D004533:Egtazic Acid; D000255:Adenosine Triphosphate; D002217:Carbachol; D002118:Calcium