title: Immunodetection of Echinococcus eggs from naturally infected dogs and from environmental contamination sites in settlements in Turkana, Kenya.
abstract: A species-specific indirect immunofluorescence test using an anti-Echinococcus oncosphere monoclonal antibody (EgOH6-4E5) was applied to identify Echinococcus oncospheres released from taeniid eggs collected in environmental soil and water samples, and from perianal or faecal samples of naturally infected dogs, in northern Turkana, Kenya. The specificity of immunodetection of Echinococcus eggs by specific fluorescence of Echinococcus oncospheres from naturally infected dogs was 100% when compared to Taenia hydatigena infections, and a sensitivity of 73% was obtained in the detection of dogs infected with Echinococcus using perianal Scotch tape swabs. Taeniid eggs were recovered from various soil samples inside Turkana manyattas (settlements) and from waterhole samples. Some oncospheres obtained from taeniid eggs recovered from all sampled areas, but particularly from inside Turkana huts (akai) and from water samples from open waterholes used by the people and their livestock, reacted positively with the Echinococcus 4E5 monoclonal antibody. The potential importance of contamination of such sites with Echinococcus eggs is discussed in relation to the transmission of echinococcosis in this hyperendemic region of northern Kenya.
authors.affiliation: Department of Parasitology, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, UK.
authors.forename: P S
authors.initials: PS
authors.lastname: Craig
authors.forename: C N
authors.initials: CN
authors.lastname: Macpherson
authors.forename: D L
authors.initials: DL
authors.lastname: Watson-Jones
authors.forename: G S
authors.initials: GS
authors.lastname: Nelson
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D004285:Dogs / Q000469:parasitology*; D004446:Echinococcus / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D005455:Fluorescent Antibody Technique; D007630:Kenya; D010270:Parasite Egg Count; D012989:Soil Pollutants; D014873:Water Pollutants
chemical_list: D012989:Soil Pollutants; D014873:Water Pollutants