title: The effect of azone on ocular levobunolol absorption: calculating the area under the curve and its standard error using tissue sampling compartments.
abstract: Methods of calculating the area under the concentration-time curve and the associated standard error are proposed for studies in which each animal contributes one independent data point to a pool of data. This approach can be used for data analysis in bioequivalence studies employing tissue sampling compartments. Application of this method indicated that an azone-containing ophthalmic formulation of levobunolol did not produce better ocular bioavailability than a formulation containing no penetration enhancer.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacokinetics, Allergan, Inc., Irvine, California 92715.
authors.forename: D D
authors.initials: DD
authors.lastname: Tang-Liu
authors.forename: P J
authors.initials: PJ
authors.lastname: Burke
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001381:Azepines / Q000494:pharmacology*; D001682:Biological Availability; D003627:Data Interpretation, Statistical; D004347:Drug Interactions; D005123:Eye / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism*; D005260:Female; D002040:Levobunolol / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D011817:Rabbits
chemical_list: D001381:Azepines; C035229:laurocapram; D002040:Levobunolol