title: Respiratory effects of morphine in awake unrestrained rats.
abstract: This report describes a systematic analysis of opiate drug effects on ventilation and its components tidal volume and frequency in intact, awake and unrestrained rats. A whole-body plethysmographic method was used to measure these parameters of respiration while animals breathed air or various concentrations of CO2 in air. Subcutaneous doses of morphine lower than 40 mg/kg exerted little or no apparent effect in rats breathing air; in rats breathing 4 to 8% of CO2 these doses of morphine also failed to depress any of the ventilatory parameters below the level of saline controls breathing air. Doses (0.16 to 160 mg/kg) of morphine blunted the frequency response to CO2 in a biphasic manner. The effects of morphine on tidal volume consisted of a slight increase at 0.16 and 0.63 mg/kg, a dose-dependent decrease at 2.5 to 40 mg/kg and a paradoxical rise at 160 mg/kg. These complex effects of morphine on tidal volume and frequency resulted in a simple sigmoid depression of minute volume. The slope of this sigmoid dose-response curve varied with the inspirate; it increased as the concentration of CO2 was higher. Naloxone antagonized the frequency depression produced by 40 mg/kg of morphine in a dose-dependent manner at doses ranging from 0.01 to 0.16 mg/kg, but frequency decreased again at 0.63 mg/kg. The effects of naloxone on the tidal volume depression consisted of a paradoxical further decrease at 0.01 mg/kg, a dose-dependent antagonism of depression at 0.04 to 0.16 mg/kg and a stimulation above the normal control level at 0.63 mg/kg.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
authors.forename: R H
authors.initials: RH
authors.lastname: van den Hoogen
authors.forename: F C
authors.initials: FC
authors.lastname: Colpaert
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001833:Body Temperature Regulation / Q000187:drug effects; D002245:Carbon Dioxide / Q000378:metabolism; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D004361:Drug Tolerance; D008297:Male; D009020:Morphine / Q000097:blood*; D009270:Naloxone / Q000494:pharmacology; D010991:Plethysmography; D051381:Rats; D012119:Respiration / Q000187:drug effects*; D013237:Stereoisomerism; D013329:Structure-Activity Relationship; D013997:Time Factors; D014851:Wakefulness
chemical_list: D002245:Carbon Dioxide; D009270:Naloxone; D009020:Morphine