title: Congenital hypothyroidism: diagnosis, treatment, and prognosis.
abstract: Congenital hypothyroidism is a common but preventable cause of mental retardation. The incidence of congenital hypothyroidism in the newborn population is about 1:3500 to 1:4000. Infants with Down's syndrome are at a special risk. Fort et al. reported an incidence of persistent primary congenital hypothyroidism in infants with Down's syndrome of 1:141 or 28 times higher than the general newborn population. Premature infants have varying degrees of immaturity of hypothalamic-pituitary-thyroid system and are at a special risk for a variety of thyroid disorders. These patients need adequate understanding and interpretation of their laboratory values before institution of replacement hormonal therapy. Screening programs are available in 48 states and have led to prompt diagnosis and recognition of most cases that would otherwise be missed. Prevention of mental retardation depends on early and adequate treatment. This requires close cooperation between the program and the physicians involved in the care of the infant. Many state screening programs maintain a list of experts who are available for consultation, if necessary.
authors.forename: D C
authors.initials: DC
authors.lastname: Postellon
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Abdallah
mesh_terms: D002675:Child, Preschool; D003409:Congenital Hypothyroidism; D004347:Drug Interactions; D006801:Humans; D007037:Hypothyroidism / Q000097:blood / Q000150:complications / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000188:drug therapy; D007223:Infant; D008607:Intellectual Disability / Q000209:etiology; D013972:Thyrotropin / Q000097:blood; D013974:Thyroxine / Q000097:blood; D013975:Thyroxine-Binding Proteins / Q000097:blood
chemical_list: D013975:Thyroxine-Binding Proteins; D013972:Thyrotropin; D013974:Thyroxine