title: Mixed human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection in an individual: demonstration of both HIV type 1 and type 2 proviral sequences by using polymerase chain reaction.
abstract: Sera from persons seroreactive to both human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) and type 2 (HIV-2), by whole-virus (VEIA) enzyme immunoassays (EIAs) for each virus, were selected from a seroprevalence study of 944 persons in Abidjan, Cote d'Ivoire, West Africa, in 1987. These sera were subsequently tested for HIV-1 and HIV-2 antibody specificity by type-specific peptide EIAs (PEIA) and western blot (WB) analysis for both viruses. Peripheral blood monocytes (PBMCs) from representative individuals were cultured in the presence of phytohemagglutinin-stimulated normal donor PBMCs. These cultures were periodically monitored for HIV-1 and HIV-2 proviral sequences by using the selective DNA amplification technique polymerase chain reaction (PCR). As an outgrowth of this study, we report the case of a person dually reactive by various serological techniques in whom proviral sequences from HIV-1 and HIV-2 were detected by PCR. This is the first confirmed case of a mixed HIV-1 and HIV-2 infection in a single individual.
authors.affiliation: AIDS Program, Centers for Disease Control, Atlanta, Georgia 30333.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Rayfield
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: De Cock
authors.forename: W
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Heyward
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Goldstein
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Krebs
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Kwok
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: McCormick
authors.forename: J M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Moreau
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Odehouri
mesh_terms: D000163:Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome / Q000382:microbiology*; D000328:Adult; D001483:Base Sequence; D015139:Blotting, Southern; D015153:Blotting, Western; D015342:DNA Probes; D004279:DNA, Viral / Q000032:analysis* / Q000235:genetics; D004259:DNA-Directed DNA Polymerase; D005260:Female; D005784:Gene Amplification; D015497:HIV-1 / Q000235:genetics* / Q000302:isolation & purification; D015498:HIV-2 / Q000235:genetics* / Q000302:isolation & purification; D006801:Humans; D007124:Immunoenzyme Techniques; D008297:Male; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D011533:Proviruses / Q000235:genetics* / Q000302:isolation & purification
chemical_list: D015342:DNA Probes; D004279:DNA, Viral; D004259:DNA-Directed DNA Polymerase