title: Cefoperazone compared with ampicillin plus tobramycin for severe biliary tract infections.
abstract: In a prospective, randomized, multicenter study, the efficacy and safety of cefoperazone and the combination ampicillin-tobramycin as initial therapy for patients with severe acute biliary tract infections were compared. Of 77 patients initially entered in the study, definite severe biliary tract infection was confirmed in 67. Sixty-four patients completed treatment. At the end of treatment, 35 of 36 (97%) patients given cefoperazone and 23 of 28 (82%) given ampicillin-tobramycin were cured of their infection (P = 0.07). Pathogens were recovered from the bile in 32 patients; microbiological cures were observed in 18 of 19 (94%) patients receiving cefoperazone and 8 of 13 (62%) receiving ampicillin-tobramycin (P = 0.03). Thirteen patients had septicemia. None (0%) of the eight septicemic patients from the cefoperazone group, but two of five (40%) from the ampicillin-tobramycin group, were clinical failures. Of the isolated pathogens, 51% were resistant to ampicillin, while the resistance rate was 4% for tobramycin and 1% for cefoperazone (P less than 0.001). Biliary concentrations of cefoperazone were maintained at high levels--236 +/- 87 micrograms/ml up to 12 h after administration. Even in the presence of severe obstruction, cefoperazone levels in the bile and gallbladder wall were above MICs for most pathogens. Cefoperazone may be considered as an excellent alternative in the therapy of severe biliary tract infections.
authors.affiliation: Le Centre Hospitalier de l'Université Laval, Quebec, Canada.
authors.forename: M G
authors.initials: MG
authors.lastname: Bergeron
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Mendelson
authors.forename: G K
authors.initials: GK
authors.lastname: Harding
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Mandell
authors.forename: I W
authors.initials: IW
authors.lastname: Fong
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Rachlis
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Chan
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Biron
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Feld
authors.forename: N B
authors.initials: NB
authors.lastname: Segal
mesh_terms: D000208:Acute Disease; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000667:Ampicillin / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D001424:Bacterial Infections / Q000188:drug therapy*; D001660:Biliary Tract Diseases / Q000188:drug therapy*; D002438:Cefoperazone / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000493:pharmacokinetics / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D004359:Drug Therapy, Combination / Q000627:therapeutic use; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D015337:Multicenter Studies as Topic; D011446:Prospective Studies; D011897:Random Allocation; D014031:Tobramycin / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000097:blood / Q000627:therapeutic use*
chemical_list: D000667:Ampicillin; D002438:Cefoperazone; D014031:Tobramycin