Magnesium metabolism. A review with special reference to the relationship between intracellular content and serum levels.
Magnesium (Mg++) is a ubiquitous element in nature, playing a role in photosynthesis and many metabolic functions in humans. All enzymatic reactions that involve adenosine triphosphate have an absolute requirement for Mg++. Levels of Mg++ are controlled by the kidneys and gastrointestinal tract and appear closely linked to calcium, potassium, and sodium metabolism. The clinical manifestations and causes of abnormal Mg++ status are protean. Testing for altered Mg++ homeostasis is problematic. Serum levels, which are those generally measured, reflect only a small part of the total body content of Mg++. The intracellular content can be low, despite normal serum levels in a person with clinical Mg++ deficiency. Future directions in research related to intracellular content of Mg++ are discussed. Treatment of altered Mg++ status depends on the clinical setting and may include the addition of a potassium/Mg++-sparing drug to an existing diuretic regimen. Guidelines for therapy are given.
Reinhart
R A
RA
Marshfield Clinic, WI 54449.
D000042:Absorption; D000818:Animals; D001773:Blood Cells / Q000378:metabolism*; D006706:Homeostasis; D006801:Humans; D008274:Magnesium / Q000097:blood / Q000378:metabolism*; D009132:Muscles / Q000166:cytology / Q000378:metabolism; D010788:Photosynthesis
D008274:Magnesium