title: Biology and staging of childhood non-Hodgkin lymphoma.
abstract: Childhood non-Hodgkin lymphomas are relatively common childhood cancers composed of malignant B lymphocytes or thymocytes at various stages of maturation, usually intermediate or late. Most often, they have a diffuse pattern of infiltration and are high grade, lymphoblastic, small noncleaved-cell (undifferentiated, Burkitt or non-Burkitt types) or large cell types. Primary site correlates with immunophenotype and histopathology. For example, most abdominal tumors are B cell and non-lymphoblastic types, and most thoracic primary tumors are of thymocytic origin. Skin presentations are rare, usually lymphoblastic in histology and often of the pre-B cell phenotype. An appropriate work-up and adequate staging is mandatory, since the selection of therapy depends heavily on disease stage. Histopathologic findings are additionally important in determining appropriate therapy for advanced-stage disease. Finally, cytogenetic studies of B and T cell malignancies have defined nonrandom abnormalities in many of these neoplasms and, together with molecular analyses, hold exciting promise for an improved understanding of tumor pathogenesis.
authors.affiliation: St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Department of Hematology and Oncology, Memphis, Tennessee 38105.
authors.forename: W M
authors.initials: WM
authors.lastname: Crist
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Mahmoud
authors.forename: C B
authors.initials: CB
authors.lastname: Pickert
authors.forename: C H
authors.initials: CH
authors.lastname: Pui
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D008228:Lymphoma, Non-Hodgkin / Q000145:classification / Q000473:pathology*; D009367:Neoplasm Staging