title: Targeting of liposomes by covalent coupling with ecto-NAD+-glycohydrolase ligands.
abstract: We have tested the feasibility of targeting liposomes via interaction with specific ecto-enzymes, i.e., enzymes which have their active site oriented to the external surface of the cell. 3,4-Dimethylpyridine adenine dinucleotide, a competitive inhibitor of ecto-NAD+-glycohydrolase, was substituted at N6 with a hydrophilic spacer arm, functionalized with a sulfhydryl group, and covalently linked to performed liposomes containing 4-(p-maleimidophenyl)butyryl phosphatidylethanolamine. We show that compared to control vesicles, the binding of the conjugated liposomes was greatly increased (up to 5-fold) to cells presenting ecto-NAD+-glycohydrolase activity (Swiss 3T3 fibroblasts, mouse peritoneal macrophages); in contrast, no specific binding was detected with hepatoma tissue culture cells, which lack this enzyme. Specific binding was found to depend on the ligand/lipid molar ratio of the vesicles and on the length of the arm. High concentrations of free 3,4-dimethylpyridine adenine dinucleotide virtually abolished the specific binding to cells of the targeted liposomes. Analysis of binding revealed that the ligand conjugated to the liposomes presented a functional affinity for 3T3 fibroblasts 15-fold superior to that of the free ligand.
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Salord
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Tarnus
authors.forename: C D
authors.initials: CD
authors.lastname: Muller
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Schuber
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001665:Binding Sites; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D005347:Fibroblasts / Q000378:metabolism; D007202:Indicators and Reagents; D007700:Kinetics; D008024:Ligands; D008081:Liposomes / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D009682:Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; D051379:Mice; D009699:N-Glycosyl Hydrolases / Q000378:metabolism*; D009243:NAD / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000138:chemical synthesis; D009244:NAD+ Nucleosidase; D010714:Phosphatidylethanolamines; D011485:Protein Binding
chemical_list: D007202:Indicators and Reagents; D008024:Ligands; D008081:Liposomes; D010714:Phosphatidylethanolamines; D009243:NAD; C048482:3,4-dimethylpyridine adenine dinucleotide; C033182:N-(4-(4-maleimidophenyl)butyryl)phosphatidylethanolamine; D009699:N-Glycosyl Hydrolases; D009244:NAD+ Nucleosidase