title: Pharmacodynamic evaluation of ofloxacin and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole in vaginal fluid of women treated for acute cystitis.
abstract: Vaginal colonization with Escherichia coli is an integral step in the development of acute cystitis, and persistent vaginal coliform colonization may also be a predisposing step to recurrent urinary tract infections. For this reason, we evaluated antibiotic concentrations in the vaginal fluid, serum, and urine and the vaginal colonization by E. coli of 56 women receiving either ofloxacin (200 mg orally twice a day) or trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (TMP-SMX) (160/800 mg orally twice a day) for the treatment of acute cystitis. Ofloxacin and trimethoprim both penetrated into vaginal fluid to a considerably greater extent than sulfamethoxazole. Among 33 patients given ofloxacin, the concentration of the drug in vaginal fluid during one dosage interval ranged from 1.6 to 21.6 micrograms/ml. In 21 women given TMP-SMX the range of drug concentrations in vaginal fluid was 2.6 to 32.5 micrograms/ml for TMP and 1.0 to 6.2 micrograms/ml for SMX. Treatment with both ofloxacin and TMP-SMX remarkably reduced vaginal colonization by E. coli during and up to 30 days after therapy. For the ofloxacin-treated women, eradication of vaginal E. coli was associated with a high ratio of drug concentration in vaginal fluid to that in serum. We conclude that ofloxacin and TMP both achieve high concentrations in vaginal fluid and are equally successful in eradicating E. coli from the vagina.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacy Practice, School of Pharmacy, University of Washington, Seattle 98112.
authors.forename: T A
authors.initials: TA
authors.lastname: Tartaglione
authors.forename: C R
authors.initials: CR
authors.lastname: Johnson
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Brust
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Opheim
authors.forename: T M
authors.initials: TM
authors.lastname: Hooton
authors.forename: W E
authors.initials: WE
authors.lastname: Stamm
mesh_terms: D000284:Administration, Oral; D000328:Adult; D001826:Body Fluids / Q000032:analysis; D003556:Cystitis / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000382:microbiology; D004334:Drug Administration Schedule; D004338:Drug Combinations / Q000032:analysis / Q000493:pharmacokinetics / Q000494:pharmacology; D004927:Escherichia coli Infections / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000378:metabolism; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D015242:Ofloxacin / Q000032:analysis / Q000493:pharmacokinetics / Q000494:pharmacology*; D013420:Sulfamethoxazole / Q000032:analysis / Q000493:pharmacokinetics / Q000494:pharmacology*; D014295:Trimethoprim / Q000032:analysis / Q000493:pharmacokinetics / Q000494:pharmacology*; D015662:Trimethoprim, Sulfamethoxazole Drug Combination; D014621:Vagina / Q000382:microbiology*; D014626:Vaginal Smears
chemical_list: D004338:Drug Combinations; D015662:Trimethoprim, Sulfamethoxazole Drug Combination; D015242:Ofloxacin; D014295:Trimethoprim; D013420:Sulfamethoxazole