title: Management of facial spasm with Clostridium botulinum toxin, type A (Oculinum)
abstract: One hundred five patients received 391 graded injections of Clostridium botulinum type A toxin (Oculinum) to treat uncontrollable facial muscle spasm. Patients had essential blepharospasm (n = 61), hemifacial spasm (n = 24), or aberrant regeneration of the seventh cranial nerve (n = 20). Muscle spasms were reduced within two days of the first injection of toxin and, in most cases, the drug effect lasted three to four months. Control of facial muscle spasm was achieved in all patients. Complications related to treatment included transient blepharoptosis (n = 7), diplopia (n = 2), and altered facial expression (n = 11). Systemic side effects were not observed. Select chemodenervation of facial muscles with graded injections of botulinum toxin is a useful adjunct to control blepharospasm, hemifacial spasm, and facial spasm due to aberrant regeneration of the facial nerve.
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, PA.
authors.forename: A W
authors.initials: AW
authors.lastname: Biglan
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: May
authors.forename: R A
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: Bowers
mesh_terms: D001763:Blepharoptosis / Q000628:therapy; D001764:Blepharospasm / Q000628:therapy; D001905:Botulinum Toxins / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D004172:Diplopia / Q000628:therapy; D005152:Facial Muscles; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D013035:Spasm / Q000628:therapy*
chemical_list: D001905:Botulinum Toxins