title: Aspartame intolerance.
abstract: Aspartame is a food additive marketed under the brand name Nutrasweet. Aspartame is a white, odorless, crystalline powder and consists of two amino acids, L-aspartic acid and L-phenylalanine. It is 180 times as sweet as sugar. The Food and Drug Administration (FDA) first allowed its use in dry foods in July 1981 and then approved its use in carbonated beverages in July 1983. It has subsequently been approved for use in a number of materials including multivitamins, fruit juices, stick-type confections, breath mints, and iced tea. The FDA requires the statement "phenylketonurics: contains phenylalanine" on labels of food products containing aspartame because individuals with phenylketonuria (PKU) must restrict their intake of phenylalanine. Aspartame is judged to be free of long-term cancer risks. Aspartame is not stable under certain conditions including baking and cooking, and prolonged exposure to acid conditions. In such situations it loses its sweetness. Products formed from aspartame include its component amino acids (phenylalanine and aspartic acid), methanol, and diketopiperazine (DKP). Animal studies show DKP to be nontoxic. Methanol occurs in small amounts and does not exceed that formed during consumption of many foods including fresh fruits and vegetables. FDA's Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition (CFSAN) monitors aspartame's safety in part through reports of adverse reactions. After aspartame was approved for use in carbonated beverages, the FDA received an increased number of reports concerning adverse reactions related to aspartame. The Centers for Disease Control (CDC) reviewed these reports, which included complaints of neurologic, gastrointestinal, andallergic reactions.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
authors.affiliation: Mast Cell Physiology Section, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Bethesda, Maryland.
authors.forename: M M
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: Garriga
authors.forename: D D
authors.initials: DD
authors.lastname: Metcalfe
mesh_terms: D001218:Aspartame / Q000009:adverse effects*; D001519:Behavior; D004151:Dipeptides / Q000009:adverse effects*; D005260:Female; D006261:Headache / Q000209:etiology; D006801:Humans; D006967:Hypersensitivity / Q000209:etiology; D008297:Male; D011358:Product Surveillance, Postmarketing
chemical_list: D004151:Dipeptides; D001218:Aspartame