title: Frontal facial changes with the Fränkel appliance.
abstract: A study of 50 cases treated with the Fränkel appliance shows significantly greater increase in bigonial width and related decrease in frontofacial taper as seen in the P-A cephalometric view than in comparable cases treated with Edgewise therapy or in untreated norms from the Bolton and FOR studies.
authors.forename: A H
authors.initials: AH
authors.lastname: Owen
mesh_terms: D000202:Activator Appliances; D000293:Adolescent; D002508:Cephalometry; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D003724:Dental Arch / Q000033:anatomy & histology; D005147:Facial Bones / Q000033:anatomy & histology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008310:Malocclusion / Q000628:therapy*; D008334:Mandible / Q000033:anatomy & histology; D009968:Orthodontic Appliances, Removable; D010155:Palatal Expansion Technique; D014087:Tooth Movement Techniques