title: Children as participants in medical research.
abstract: The use of children in research raises the questions about proper justification, assessment of benefit in relation to risk, ability to consent, compensation, and the just selection of subjects. Although substantive and procedural standards have evolved, subpopulations of vulnerable children created new challenges and concerns.
authors.affiliation: Boston University School of Medicine, Massachusetts.
authors.forename: M A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Grodin
authors.forename: J J
authors.initials: JJ
authors.lastname: Alpert
mesh_terms: D026686:Beneficence; D002648:Child; D002986:Clinical Trials as Topic / Q000331:legislation & jurisprudence*; D028744:Ethics Committees, Research; D004992:Ethics, Medical; D035082:Federal Government; D033161:Government Regulation; D006805:Human Experimentation; D006801:Humans; D007258:Informed Consent / Q000331:legislation & jurisprudence; D033242:Minors; D028681:Moral Obligations; D033281:Nontherapeutic Human Experimentation; D033282:Parental Consent; D026684:Personal Autonomy; D037841:Pregnant People; D035842:Research Subjects; D018570:Risk Assessment; D012307:Risk Factors; D036302:Therapeutic Human Experimentation; D014481:United States