Cellular calcium and atherosclerosis: a brief review.
Evidence for and against the theory that cell calcium is causally involved in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis is presented and evaluated. In particular, it is argued that: (1) arterial calcium is increased in atherosclerosis; (2) this increase in tissue calcium content is largely intracellular; (3) this increased intracellular calcium content is caused by increased plasma membrane calcium permeability; (4) the increased calcium content is causally related to atherogenesis; (5) many of the cell physiological, cell biological, biochemical, and molecular biological processes, known to function abnormally in atherosclerosis, are also known to be calcium regulated; and (6) these processes are activated or inactivated in atherosclerosis in a manner consistent with increased cell calcium. It is concluded that the calcium-atherogenesis hypothesis has the potential to unify macroscopic clinical risk factors in terms of intracellular mechanisms that are controlled by cell calcium, and that this hypothesis deserves further experimental tests.
Phair
R D
RD
Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland.
D000818:Animals; D001158:Arteries / Q000032:analysis / Q000473:pathology; D001161:Arteriosclerosis / Q000097:blood / Q000209:etiology*; D002118:Calcium / Q000032:analysis / Q000097:blood / Q000502:physiology*; D002463:Cell Membrane Permeability; D006801:Humans
D002118:Calcium