title: Frequency response of long mass-spectrometer sampling catheters.
abstract: It was hypothesized that the long lengths of sampling catheters required when a mass spectrometer is multiplexed to more than one operating room limit the upper frequency at which a gas concentration may be determined accurately. This possibility has not been investigated. Known step changes of CO2 were generated by a solenoid valve driven by an electronic timer that was adjustable from 0.1 to 10 Hz. The valve alternated between 100% O2 and 7% CO2 in 50% O2 and balance N2. CO2 concentration was monitored by a mass spectrometer after the gas passed through a 3.7 m Teflon catheter or through 30 m Teflon, nylon, polyethylene (PE), or polyvinylchloride (PVC) catheters. Gas flow for all catheters was adjusted to 1.1 ml/s. The peak-to-peak output of the mass spectrometer was read from a storage oscilloscope. The 3.7 m catheter caused a 10% error at 5.5 Hz (330/min). In sharp contrast, 30 m catheters made from Teflon, PVC, and PE caused errors greater than 10% at only 0.6 Hz (36/min). The 30 m nylon catheter passed 1.1 Hz (66/min) with a 10% error. Teflon, PVC, and PE are not suitable materials from which to make long catheters sampling CO2. Because the frequency response of the nylon catheter appeared similar to that of a low-pass filter, an electronic circuit was designed and tuned to extend the high-frequency response of the catheter. With the circuit in place, the frequency at which a 10% error occurred in the measurement of CO2 improved from 1.1 Hz (66/min) to 2.2 Hz (132/min).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
mesh_terms: D002245:Carbon Dioxide / Q000032:analysis; D002404:Catheterization; D013058:Mass Spectrometry; D009584:Nitrogen / Q000032:analysis; D009757:Nylons; D010100:Oxygen / Q000032:analysis
chemical_list: D009757:Nylons; D002245:Carbon Dioxide; D009584:Nitrogen; D010100:Oxygen