title: [Effects of mannitol on the fluids of the internal ear. Use in the treatment of deafness].
abstract: The action of mannitol upon the inner ear fluids was studied experimentally by means of kinetics of mannitol entry into cochlear perilymph and endolymph in rats. A daily two hours infusion of 10% mannitol induces an osmotic water flow from cochlear fluids toward plasma. Following this therapeutic protocol, progressive, non-tumoral sensorineural hearing loss is enhanced in 32% of the cases. The rate of hearing improvement is larger than 50% in case of Ménière's disease. For sudden hearing loss, 75% of the cases are improved by mannitol, and 92% of the cases when the delay between the hearing loss onset and the mannitol therapy is less than two weeks. Sudden hearing loss should be considered as a sensory emergency.
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D005260:Female; D006319:Hearing Loss, Sensorineural / Q000188:drug therapy*; D006801:Humans; D007700:Kinetics; D007761:Labyrinthine Fluids / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism; D008297:Male; D008353:Mannitol / Q000378:metabolism / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D008875:Middle Aged; D009994:Osmolar Concentration
chemical_list: D008353:Mannitol
vernacular_title: Effets du mannitol sur les liquides de l'oreille interne. Application au traitement des surdités.