title: Effects of lesions to the dorsal noradrenergic bundle on counterconditioning of punished barpressing.
abstract: The possible contribution of the dorsal noradrenergic bundle (DB) to the development of a simple form of counterconditioning (an associative mechanism leading to behavioural tolerance for stress) was assessed by comparison of the performance of animals with 6-hydroxydopamine-induced lesions of the DB to that of sham-operated (SH) animals. Animals engaging in barpressing for food reward on a random-interval (RI) 64 sec schedule were presented with a stimulus signalling the concurrent operation of an RI-64 sec schedule of response-contingent shock. In the control condition (punishment), shock and reward never occurred as a result of the same barpress. In the experimental condition (counterconditioning), the frequency of shock and reward were the same as for the punishment condition but the two events always occurred in succession, with food following shock, as a consequence of the same barpress. DB lesions had no effect on the acquisition of rewarded barpressing or on the initial acquisition of the discrimination between the shock-free and shock-containing (signalled) components of the schedule. However, once performance on the discrimination had reached asymptote, DB animals in the punishment control group showed significantly less suppression to the signal than SH animals. The counterconditioning schedule used was effective, leading to significantly reduced response suppression in the SH animals in comparison to the SH group subjected to punishment. The pattern of findings in the DB groups was consistent with a blockade by the lesion of the development of counterconditioning. These results suggest, therefore, that the DB is involved in at least one associative mechanism leading to tolerance for stress.
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001923:Brain Chemistry; D003214:Conditioning, Classical / Q000502:physiology*; D003216:Conditioning, Operant / Q000502:physiology; D004298:Dopamine / Q000032:analysis; D004597:Electroshock; D006892:Hydroxydopamines; D008125:Locus Coeruleus / Q000502:physiology*; D008297:Male; D009638:Norepinephrine / Q000032:analysis / Q000502:physiology*; D016627:Oxidopamine; D011678:Punishment; D051381:Rats; D011919:Rats, Inbred Strains; D012201:Reward; D012701:Serotonin / Q000032:analysis; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D006892:Hydroxydopamines; D012701:Serotonin; D016627:Oxidopamine; D004298:Dopamine; D009638:Norepinephrine