title: A measure of 2 x 2 association with stable variance and approximately normal small-sample distribution: planning cost-effective studies.
abstract: A measure of 2 x 2 association, Z, is developed having the property that n(Z - Z) has approximately a standard normal distribution, even for quite small sample size. Examples of the use of this variance-stabilizing and normalizing transformation in planning studies of 2 x 2 association are presented. Studies of the association between coronary artery disease and exercise stress test results are used to illustrate these methods.
mesh_terms: D000704:Analysis of Variance; D000790:Angiocardiography / Q000191:economics; D003327:Coronary Disease / Q000175:diagnosis*; D003362:Cost-Benefit Analysis; D004562:Electrocardiography / Q000191:economics; D006334:Heart Function Tests; D006801:Humans; D005082:Physical Exertion; D012107:Research Design