title: Regulation of thromboxane A2 biosynthesis in platelet-free human monocytes and the possible role of polypeptide growth factor(s) in the induction of cyclooxygenase system.
abstract: It has previously been shown that platelet-free human monocytes, when properly incubated in the presence of animal and human sera, became capable of producing large amounts of thromboxane A2 and prostaglandin E2. The characteristics of these processes are reported here. Prostaglandin biosynthesis was time and cell concentration dependent; 24 h of incubation at 37 degrees C and 0.5 X 10(6) cells per ml medium were found to give the most reproducible results. Human monocytes produced thromboxane A2 and prostaglandin E2 in a typical ratio which ranged from 2.0 to 5.0 (28 experiments). Animal and human sera were similarly effective, while serum obtained from platelet-free blood was much less active. The activity of all sera tested was stable to heating (100 degrees C for 2-10 min) and extreme pH values (pH 2 and 11). It was unstable when the serum was heated at pH 11 and after 2-mercaptoethanol treatment. These observations prompted us to check the effect of polypeptide growth factors having properties similar to those reported above, such as platelet-derived growth factor, fibroblast growth factor, epidermal growth factor as well as insulin and transferrin. None of these, alone or in various combinations, was capable of eliciting a stimulation comparable with that of serum. Stimulation due to sera was, as expected, dose dependently inhibited by acetylsalicylic acid and more efficiently by indomethacin; unexpectedly it was also inhibited by protein synthesis inhibitors such as actinomycin D and cycloheximide in conditions under which no toxic effect of the drugs was evident. On the basis of these results we conclude that: (a) polypeptide growth factor(s) with a molecular weight at least 30 000 (as judged by Amicon ultrafiltration) is involved in the regulation of prostaglandin biosynthesis); (b) such a factor(s) acts by inducing rather than by activating the cyclooxygenase system.
mesh_terms: D000017:ABO Blood-Group System; D000818:Animals; D001241:Aspirin / Q000494:pharmacology; D001769:Blood; D002417:Cattle; D003609:Dactinomycin / Q000494:pharmacology; D015232:Dinoprostone; D004790:Enzyme Induction; D006801:Humans; D006863:Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; D007213:Indomethacin / Q000494:pharmacology; D007700:Kinetics; D009000:Monocytes / Q000378:metabolism*; D010982:Platelet-Derived Growth Factor / Q000494:pharmacology*; D011451:Prostaglandin-Endoperoxide Synthases / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D011458:Prostaglandins E / Q000096:biosynthesis; D013928:Thromboxane A2 / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D013929:Thromboxane B2 / Q000096:biosynthesis
chemical_list: D000017:ABO Blood-Group System; D010982:Platelet-Derived Growth Factor; D011458:Prostaglandins E; D003609:Dactinomycin; D013929:Thromboxane B2; D013928:Thromboxane A2; D011451:Prostaglandin-Endoperoxide Synthases; D015232:Dinoprostone; D001241:Aspirin; D007213:Indomethacin