title: Role of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide and adenosine triphosphate in glucocorticoid-induced cytotoxicity in susceptible lymphoid cells.
abstract: The possibility that corticosteroid cytotoxicity could be mediated by activation of poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase and consequent depletion of NAD and ATP was evaluated in steroid-sensitive S49.1 and steroid-resistant S49.143R mouse lymphoma cells and in lymphocytes from a patient with chronic lymphocytic leukemia. All cell types were shown to have the enzyme poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase and to increase activity in response to DNA strand breaks. Incubation of susceptible cells with 1 microM dexamethasone resulted in DNA strand breaks. Susceptible cells also showed a dose-dependent decrease in NAD and ATP that preceded loss of cell viability. These studies suggest that steroid-induced cytotoxicity in susceptible lymphocytes is due to the presence of DNA strand breaks that activate poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase to a sufficient degree to consume cellular pools of NAD with a consequent depletion of ATP and loss of cell viability.
mesh_terms: D000255:Adenosine Triphosphate / Q000502:physiology*; D000818:Animals; D002460:Cell Line; D002470:Cell Survival / Q000187:drug effects; D004249:DNA Damage; D004260:DNA Repair; D004273:DNA, Neoplasm / Q000187:drug effects; D003907:Dexamethasone / Q000494:pharmacology*; D004789:Enzyme Activation; D006801:Humans; D007945:Leukemia, Lymphoid; D008214:Lymphocytes / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism; D008223:Lymphoma; D051379:Mice; D009243:NAD / Q000502:physiology*; D009702:Nucleoside Diphosphate Sugars / Q000378:metabolism*; D011064:Poly Adenosine Diphosphate Ribose / Q000378:metabolism*; D011065:Poly(ADP-ribose) Polymerases / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D004273:DNA, Neoplasm; D009702:Nucleoside Diphosphate Sugars; D009243:NAD; D011064:Poly Adenosine Diphosphate Ribose; D003907:Dexamethasone; D000255:Adenosine Triphosphate; D011065:Poly(ADP-ribose) Polymerases