title: Spectral differentiation and gas chromatographic/mass spectrometric analysis of the lacrimators 2-chloroacetophenone and o-chlorobenzylidene malononitrile.
abstract: 2-Chloroacetophenone (CN) and o-chlorobenzylidene malononitrile (CS) are the most common chemical agents used as lacrimators in the United States. There is a lack of complete spectral data on these compounds in the literature. Spectral data (ultraviolet, fluorescence, proton nuclear magnetic resonance, and infrared) and a gas-liquid chromatographic/mass spectrometric method are presented that differentiate and identify CN and CS. These methods and data were used to identify a forensic science specimen from an accidental intoxication.
mesh_terms: D008401:Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry; D006801:Humans; D009570:Nitriles / Q000032:analysis*; D013053:Spectrophotometry; D013665:Tear Gases / Q000032:analysis* / Q000506:poisoning; D009763:o-Chlorobenzylidenemalonitrile / Q000032:analysis* / Q000506:poisoning; D002721:omega-Chloroacetophenone / Q000032:analysis* / Q000506:poisoning
chemical_list: D009570:Nitriles; D013665:Tear Gases; D009763:o-Chlorobenzylidenemalonitrile; D002721:omega-Chloroacetophenone