title: A comparative study of the efficacy and specificity of tissue plasminogen activator and pro-urokinase: demonstration of synergism and of different thresholds of non-selectivity.
abstract: Clot lysis and non-specific plasminogen activation in human plasma by tissue tissue plasminogen activator (t-PA) and/or pro-urokinase (pro-UK) were studied. The fibrinolytic activity of pro-UK was expressed as latent units, i.e. measured after activation with plasmin on a fibrin plate against the reference standard. The t-PA unitage was assigned on a weight basis of a similar equivalence of 100,000 IU/mg. To simplify comparison, both activators were expressed in IU (1 IU = approximately 10 ng). At low concentration (1-50 IU/ml), t-PA induced more effective and more linear clot lysis, whereas pro-UK induced lysis was preceded by a lag phase. The two activators were equivalently effective at higher concentrations and saturated at the same lysis rate. Clots made from platelet rich plasma or whole blood were more responsive to lysis by pro-UK but not t-PA than corresponding platelet poor clots. At very low concentrations (2.5-5 IU/ml) of t-PA combined with moderate concentrations (25-50 IU/ml) of pro-UK, a synergistic effect on clot lysis, which was fibrin-specific, was observed. Plasminogen and fibrinogen and the appearance of plasmin-inhibitor complexes in plasma were measured after incubation with either activator with and without a clot present. Non-specific plasminogen activation occurred above a certain concentration of either activator but was found at lower concentrations of t-PA than pro-UK. In the absence of a clot, plasmin generation occurred with t-PA at about 30% of the concentration at which pro-UK induced a corresponding effect. It is concluded that there are important differences in the fibrinolytic and clot selective properties of t-PA and pro-UK, and that some of these properties may be complementary resulting in a fibrin specific, synergistic fibrinolytic effect.
mesh_terms: D001792:Blood Platelets / Q000502:physiology; D004357:Drug Synergism; D004591:Electrophoresis, Polyacrylamide Gel; D004789:Enzyme Activation / Q000187:drug effects; D005342:Fibrinolysis / Q000187:drug effects*; D006801:Humans; D007457:Iodine Radioisotopes; D007700:Kinetics; D010958:Plasminogen / Q000378:metabolism; D010960:Plasminogen Activators / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000502:physiology; D010959:Tissue Plasminogen Activator / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000502:physiology; D014568:Urokinase-Type Plasminogen Activator / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000502:physiology
chemical_list: D007457:Iodine Radioisotopes; D010958:Plasminogen; D010960:Plasminogen Activators; D010959:Tissue Plasminogen Activator; D014568:Urokinase-Type Plasminogen Activator