title: Transmitter release from presynaptic terminals of electric organ: inhibition by the calcium channel antagonist omega Conus toxin.
abstract: Cholinergic synaptosomes from electroplax of the ray Ommata discopyge release both ATP and ACh when depolarized with high K+ concentration in the presence of Ca2+. Others have shown that the ATP and ACh are released in the molar ratio found in isolated synaptic vesicles. Thus, it is assumed that the release of ATP reflects exocytosis of synaptic vesicles, and that transmitter release can be indirectly monitored by assaying ATP release. We present further evidence for this assumption and examine the effects of presynaptic neurotoxins on this ATP release. As expected for transmitter release, we find that depolarization-evoked ATP release is supported by Sr2+ and Ba2+ and is inhibited by the Ca channel antagonists Co2+ and Mn2+. Likewise, the presynaptic toxins omega-CmTX and omega-CgTX, omega peptides from the venom of the marine snails Conus magus and Conus geographus, respectively, inhibit 80% of the depolarization-evoked ATP release. Half-maximal inhibition of ATP release occurs with approximately 0.5 microM of either toxin. The toxins' effects are reversible, and when toxin is washed away, the time dependence of recovery of release is approximately first order and half complete within 40 min with omega-CmTX and 15 min with omega-CgTX. The Ca2+ ionophore A23187 induces Ca2+-dependent ATP release from resting synaptosomes. As would be expected of a Ca channel antagonist, omega-CmTX does not affect this ionophore-induced release. Leptinotarsin-d (LPTd), a putative Ca channel agonist from the Colorado potato beetle, evokes Ca2+-dependent ATP release from resting synaptosomes. omega-CmTX does not block LPTd-evoked release of ATP, which suggests that omega-CmTX and LPTd act at different sites.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
mesh_terms: D000109:Acetylcholine / Q000378:metabolism*; D000255:Adenosine Triphosphate / Q000378:metabolism*; D000818:Animals; D000001:Calcimycin / Q000494:pharmacology; D002121:Calcium Channel Blockers / Q000494:pharmacology*; D004557:Electric Organ / Q000294:innervation* / Q000378:metabolism; D007381:Intermediate Filament Proteins / Q000235:genetics*; D008564:Membrane Potentials; D008978:Mollusk Venoms / Q000494:pharmacology*; D009451:Neuroeffector Junction / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism; D016900:Neurofilament Proteins; D009568:Nitrendipine / Q000494:pharmacology; D013574:Synaptosomes / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D013779:Tetrodotoxin / Q000494:pharmacology; D014101:Torpedo; D020866:omega-Conotoxin GVIA; D020960:omega-Conotoxins
chemical_list: D002121:Calcium Channel Blockers; D007381:Intermediate Filament Proteins; D008978:Mollusk Venoms; D016900:Neurofilament Proteins; D020960:omega-Conotoxins; C053423:Conus magus toxin; D000001:Calcimycin; D013779:Tetrodotoxin; D000255:Adenosine Triphosphate; D020866:omega-Conotoxin GVIA; D009568:Nitrendipine; D000109:Acetylcholine