Systemic responses to tourniquet release in children.
The hemodynamic and metabolic effects of deflation of pneumatic tourniquets were assessed in 15 children, seven of whom had bilateral tourniquets applied. Systemic acidosis from release of lactate and PaCO2 after tourniquet deflation did not cause adverse effects in these healthy children. Larger increases in lactate were seen with longer tourniquet inflation times (greater than 75 min) or with bilateral tourniquets. The greatest decrease in pH was seen with simultaneous deflation of bilateral tourniquets. Heart rate did not change with tourniquet deflation, whereas systolic blood pressure decreased 8-10 mm Hg with deflation. Blood pressure returned to control values within 5-10 min; no arrhythmias were seen. Recommendations to minimize the systemic metabolic effects after release of tourniquets in children under general anesthesia include the following: 1) attempt to limit tourniquet inflation times to less than 75 min; 2) use controlled ventilation prior to and after tourniquet deflation to remove the respiratory component of acidosis; 3) check blood gas tensions within 5 min of tourniquet deflation in children with long tourniquet inflation times (greater than 75 min), and where bilateral tourniquets are deflated simultaneously or within 30 min of each other.
D000293:Adolescent; D000768:Anesthesia, General; D002245:Carbon Dioxide / Q000097:blood; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D006439:Hemodynamics; D006801:Humans; D006863:Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; D007223:Infant; D007773:Lactates / Q000097:blood; D019344:Lactic Acid; D008660:Metabolism; D009985:Orthopedics / Q000379:methods*; D011184:Postoperative Period; D011188:Potassium / Q000097:blood; D014111:Tourniquets / Q000009:adverse effects*
D007773:Lactates; D002245:Carbon Dioxide; D019344:Lactic Acid; D011188:Potassium