title: Contraception in hypertensive women using a vaginal ring delivering estradiol and levonorgestrel.
abstract: Contraception with a vaginal ring (CVR) that delivers estradiol and levonorgestrel was used during a mean of 15.6 menstrual cycles in 12 hypertensive women. Blood pressure (BP) was measured 5 times on each visit during 2 pretreatment control cycles; during the 1st, 2nd, 4th, 6th, and from the 9th to 12th cycles of CVR use; and again after a 1-month recovery period. No significant change in BP occurred during CVR use in any of the subjects. Plasma renin substrate and antithrombin III activity did not vary significantly, which suggests the utility of administering natural estradiol via the vagina, thus avoiding the first pass effect that occurs with oral contraceptives. Significant decreases in plasma sex hormone-binding globulin, cholesterol, high density lipoprotein cholesterol, phospholipids, and triglycerides occurred, indicating an androgenic effect of levonorgestrel. We conclude that the CVR is a method of contraception that does not elevate BP in hypertensive women.
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000808:Angiotensinogen / Q000097:blood; D000990:Antithrombin III / Q000378:metabolism; D001794:Blood Pressure / Q000187:drug effects; D003271:Contraceptive Agents, Female / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000009:adverse effects; D003274:Contraceptive Devices, Female / Q000009:adverse effects; D004958:Estradiol / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000009:adverse effects; D005069:Evaluation Studies as Topic; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D006973:Hypertension / Q000097:blood / Q000503:physiopathology*; D007973:Leukorrhea / Q000209:etiology; D016912:Levonorgestrel; D008055:Lipids / Q000097:blood; D008074:Lipoproteins / Q000097:blood; D009644:Norgestrel / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000009:adverse effects; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012738:Sex Hormone-Binding Globulin / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D003271:Contraceptive Agents, Female; D008055:Lipids; D008074:Lipoproteins; D012738:Sex Hormone-Binding Globulin; D000808:Angiotensinogen; D009644:Norgestrel; D004958:Estradiol; D016912:Levonorgestrel; D000990:Antithrombin III