title: Amphibian optokinetic after nystagmus: properties and comparative analysis in various species.
abstract: Optokinetic nystagmus and after nystagmus were studied in six amphibian species, three urodeles and three anurans. It was demonstrated that two of the urodeles, Hydromantes italicus and Salamandra salamandra, display a relatively well-developed optokinetic after nystagmus, which is less pronounced in Bombina variegata and nearly absent in Bufo bufo, Rana temporaria, and Tylototriton verrucosus. These results indicate a certain degree of velocity storage in the optokinetic reflex of some amphibians.
mesh_terms: D000663:Amphibians / Q000502:physiology*; D000818:Animals; D001696:Biomechanical Phenomena; D002023:Bufo bufo; D009760:Nystagmus, Physiologic; D011896:Rana temporaria; D012454:Salamandra; D012455:Salamandridae; D013045:Species Specificity; D014722:Vestibule, Labyrinth / Q000502:physiology