title: Contraceptive steroid treatment affects steroid binding proteins and the percentage of free 17 beta-estradiol and testosterone in the cynomolgus monkey (Macaca fascicularis).
abstract: The levels of steroid binding globulins were characterized in cynomolgus monkeys that were treated with contraceptive steroid preparations delivered either by intravaginal rings (CVR) or orally (OC) in the diet. Levonorgestrel (dNG) was the bioactive progestin and the estrogen was either 17 beta-estradiol (E2) in the CVR treatment or ethinyl estradiol (EE) in the OC treatment. Both contraceptive treatments lowered sex hormone binding globulin (SHBG) levels below those observed in males (P less than 0.05) and normal females (P less than 0.01). Corticosteroid binding globulin (CBG) was elevated (P less than 0.01) in the OC treatment, demonstrating the potency of EE. The distribution of E2 and testosterone (T) between binding to SHBG or albumin and the unbound fraction was calculated after the determination of the percentage of free steroid by centrifugal ultrafiltration. Both contraceptive treatments increased the percentage of free T and E2 (P less than 0.01) in the subset of monkeys that were evaluated, but the percentage bound to SHBG and albumin were different only for the CVR group (P less than 0.05). Decreased total T concentrations in the treatment groups offset any increase in free T concentrations associated with an increase in the percentage of free T. The differences in the distribution of binding to SHBG associated with these contraceptive steroid treatments was influenced more by the reduction in the binding capacity of SHBG than by the displacement of E2 and T from SHBG by dNG.
mesh_terms: D000284:Administration, Oral; D000818:Animals; D003276:Contraceptives, Oral; D004338:Drug Combinations; D004958:Estradiol / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000097:blood* / Q000494:pharmacology; D005260:Female; D016912:Levonorgestrel; D008252:Macaca fascicularis; D008297:Male; D009644:Norgestrel / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology*; D012738:Sex Hormone-Binding Globulin / Q000378:metabolism*; D013739:Testosterone / Q000097:blood*; D014156:Transcortin / Q000378:metabolism*; D014621:Vagina / Q000502:physiology
chemical_list: D003276:Contraceptives, Oral; D004338:Drug Combinations; D012738:Sex Hormone-Binding Globulin; D009644:Norgestrel; D013739:Testosterone; D004958:Estradiol; D016912:Levonorgestrel; D014156:Transcortin