Ocular pharmacology of methazolamide analogs: distribution in the eye and effects on pressure after topical application.
The authors studied the relation between physicochemical properties and lowering of intraocular pressure (IOP) after topical application to rabbit in a series of 5-acylimino- and related imino-substituted analogs of methazolamide (Compound 4). All had Ki vs. carbonic anhydrase C of about 10(-8) M. The parent, methazolamide (5-acetyl) does not lower IOP, in contrast to the 5-CF3 acetyl compound (Compound 28). The 5-propionyl compound (6) unexpectedly was 3 times more water soluble than methazolamide and had 10 times greater CHCl3-buffer partition. The in vivo transcorneal permeability constant was 6 times greater than methazolamide. One hour after 1 drop of a 2% suspension of Compound 6, anterior aqueous concentration (in micromolar) was 69 (for methazolamide, 8), posterior aqueous was 19 and ciliary process was 17. IOP dropped 2.2 mm Hg and returned to normal in 4 hr. Other compounds in the series showed varying degrees of activity, ranging from Compound 28, which elicited an IOP fall of 3.5 mm Hg, to Compound 7, (n-pentyryl), for which the fall was 1.3 mm Hg. Also studied are substitutions for CH3 on the ring N at position 4. There are multiple criteria for in vivo activity; a major factor is the balance between water and lipid solubility. The methazolamide analogs are compared with benzothiazole-2-sulfonamides, another class under investigation as topical carbonic anhydrase inhibitors designed to treat glaucoma.
D000287:Administration, Topical; D000818:Animals; D001794:Blood Pressure / Q000187:drug effects; D002257:Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology; D002256:Carbonic Anhydrases / Q000378:metabolism; D055598:Chemical Phenomena; D002627:Chemistry, Physical; D005123:Eye / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism*; D007429:Intraocular Pressure / Q000187:drug effects*; D008433:Mathematics; D008704:Methazolamide / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000494:pharmacology*; D011817:Rabbits; D013329:Structure-Activity Relationship; D013830:Thiadiazoles / Q000494:pharmacology*
D002257:Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitors; D013830:Thiadiazoles; D002256:Carbonic Anhydrases; D008704:Methazolamide