title: 6-Epicastanospermine, a novel indolizidine alkaloid that inhibits alpha-glucosidase.
abstract: A second indolizidine alkaloid, epimeric with castanospermine, has been isolated from seeds of the Australian tree Castanospermum australe. The structure was established as 6-epicastanospermine by proton and carbon-13 nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy and mass spectrometry. 6-Epicastanospermine was found to be a potent inhibitor of amyloglucosidase, (an exo-1,4-alpha-glucosidase), a weak inhibitor of beta-galactosidase, and not to inhibit beta-glucosidase and alpha-mannosidase. These results indicate that glycosidase inhibitory activity cannot be predicted by comparison of the structure and stereochemistry with the appropriate sugars, since 6-epicastanospermine is an analog of mannose and not of glucose. The inhibition of amyloglucosidase was found to be competitive and to be more effective at higher pH values. Castanospermine and 6-epicastanospermine differed in their effect upon the mung bean processing enzymes, glucosidase I and II, in that the former is a potent inhibitor whereas the latter is a very poor inhibitor. Subtle alterations in stereochemistry of these alkaloids can therefore produce significant changes in their biological activity.
mesh_terms: D000470:Alkaloids / Q000302:isolation & purification* / Q000494:pharmacology; D007887:Fabaceae / Q000032:analysis*; D005087:Glucan 1,4-alpha-Glucosidase / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors; D065089:Glycoside Hydrolase Inhibitors; D006026:Glycoside Hydrolases / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors; D006863:Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; D007212:Indolizines; D007700:Kinetics; D009682:Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; D010946:Plants, Medicinal; D013237:Stereoisomerism; D013329:Structure-Activity Relationship; D054836:Indolizidines
chemical_list: D000470:Alkaloids; D005087:Glucan 1,4-alpha-Glucosidase; D065089:Glycoside Hydrolase Inhibitors; D006026:Glycoside Hydrolases; D007212:Indolizines; C037806:castanospermine; D054836:Indolizidines