Paralytic shellfish poisons produced by the freshwater cyanobacterium Aphanizomenon flos-aquae NH-5.
A single filament clonal isolate of Aphanizomenon flos-aquae was made from a water bloom sample taken at a small pond near Durham, New Hampshire, in 1980. When batch cultured the strain was toxic to mice and had an i.p. LD50 of about 5.0 mg/kg. Using an extraction procedure originally designed for paralytic shellfish poisons and other neurotoxins of freshwater cyanobacteria, a purification method was developed. The procedure involved acidified water/ethanol extraction of the cells followed by ultrafiltration, gel filtration, use of C18 cartridges to remove pigments, ion-exchange and high performance liquid chromatography using u.v. detection at 220 or 240 nm. Thin-layer chromatography and high performance liquid chromatography results indicate that Aphanizomenon flos-aquae NH-5 may produce paralytic shellfish poisons, mainly neo-saxitoxin and saxitoxin. Three labile toxins were also detected which were not similar to any of the known paralytic shellfish poisons.
D000818:Animals; D001427:Bacterial Toxins; D002850:Chromatography, Gel; D002851:Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; D002852:Chromatography, Ion Exchange; D002855:Chromatography, Thin Layer; D000458:Cyanobacteria / Q000378:metabolism*; D000087522:Cyanobacteria Toxins; D008297:Male; D008387:Marine Toxins / Q000032:analysis / Q000302:isolation & purification* / Q000633:toxicity; D051379:Mice; D008813:Mice, Inbred ICR; D052998:Microcystins; D012530:Saxitoxin / Q000032:analysis / Q000633:toxicity; D012758:Shellfish / Q000032:analysis*; D014118:Toxins, Biological / Q000032:analysis* / Q000633:toxicity
D001427:Bacterial Toxins; D000087522:Cyanobacteria Toxins; D008387:Marine Toxins; D052998:Microcystins; D014118:Toxins, Biological; D012530:Saxitoxin; C034321:aphantoxin