title: The regulatory region of the human plasminogen activator inhibitor type-1 (PAI-1) gene.
abstract: The human gene for plasminogen activator inhibitor type-1 (PAI-1) has been isolated and its promoter region characterized. PAI-1 regulation by glucocorticoids, transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-beta) and the phorbol ester PMA is shown to be exerted at the promoter level. A fragment spanning 805 nucleotides of the 5' flanking and 72 of the 5' untranslated region contain information enough to promote transcription and to respond to glucocorticoids when fused to a reporter gene and transfected into human fibrosarcoma cells. A moderately repetitive DNA sequence, containing a TATA box, a GRE consensus, a Z-DNA forming sequence and two imperfect direct repeats at the extremities, is present a few nucleotides 5' of the human PAI-1 gene transcription start site, raising the possibility that this gene could have been activated by DNA insertion during evolution.
mesh_terms: D001483:Base Sequence; D002460:Cell Line; D003001:Cloning, Molecular; D003907:Dexamethasone / Q000494:pharmacology; D005809:Genes, Regulator / Q000187:drug effects; D006023:Glycoproteins / Q000235:genetics* / Q000302:isolation & purification; D006801:Humans; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D010455:Peptides / Q000494:pharmacology; D010960:Plasminogen Activators / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors* / Q000235:genetics; D015849:Plasminogen Inactivators; D011401:Promoter Regions, Genetic / Q000187:drug effects; D012045:Regulatory Sequences, Nucleic Acid / Q000187:drug effects; D013755:Tetradecanoylphorbol Acetate / Q000494:pharmacology; D014158:Transcription, Genetic / Q000187:drug effects; D015291:Transforming Growth Factors
chemical_list: D006023:Glycoproteins; D010455:Peptides; D015849:Plasminogen Inactivators; D015291:Transforming Growth Factors; D003907:Dexamethasone; D010960:Plasminogen Activators; D013755:Tetradecanoylphorbol Acetate