title: Chlorpromazine-induced anticardiolipin antibodies and lupus anticoagulant: absence of thrombosis.
abstract: Anticardiolipin antibodies were determined in 96 psychiatric patients treated chronically with chlorpromazine by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay using anti-IgM and anti-IgG (fab'2 fragment) as the second antibody. Fifty-four of these patients had an IgM-lupus anticoagulant, and the remaining 42 were followed as controls. Elevated IgM-anticardiolipin antibodies (ACA) levels were detected in 31 patients with the lupus anticoagulant and in 5 controls (p less than 0.001). During a median followup of 5 years, single episodes of deep vein thrombosis or pulmonary embolism occurred in three patients; one had the lupus anticoagulant and the other two had low-level ACA. Contrary to the reported experience in systemic lupus erythematosus and related autoimmune disorders, chlorpromazine-induced lupus anticoagulant and anticardiolipin antibodies levels appear not to be associated with an increased incidence of thrombosis.
mesh_terms: D001323:Autoantibodies / Q000032:analysis*; D001779:Blood Coagulation Factors / Q000032:analysis / Q000276:immunology*; D002308:Cardiolipins / Q000276:immunology*; D002746:Chlorpromazine / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D007074:Immunoglobulin G / Q000032:analysis; D016682:Lupus Coagulation Inhibitor; D012016:Reference Values; D013927:Thrombosis / Q000139:chemically induced
chemical_list: D001323:Autoantibodies; D001779:Blood Coagulation Factors; D002308:Cardiolipins; D007074:Immunoglobulin G; D016682:Lupus Coagulation Inhibitor; D002746:Chlorpromazine