title: Regulation of 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 production by cultured alveolar macrophages from normal human donors and from patients with pulmonary sarcoidosis.
abstract: Regulation of the production of the biologically active vitamin D3 sterol 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 [1,25-(OH)2D3] by cultured pulmonary alveolar macrophages (PAM) obtained from 6 patients with pulmonary sarcoidosis and from 9 normal subjects was studied. The sarcoid cells, all collected from patients with normal calcium metabolism, synthesized 1,25-(OH)2-[3H]D3 from the substrate 25-hydroxyvitamin [3H]D3 (25OH-[3H]D3), whereas in vitro incubation with recombinant human interferon-gamma (IFN gamma) or lipopolysaccharide (LPS) was required for induction of synthesis of the hormone by normal PAM. Exogenous 1,25-(OH)2D3 (10-100 nmol/L) decreased endogenous hormone production by normal PAM by approximately 45%. The relative inhibitory effect of 1,25-(OH)2D3 was less pronounced in sarcoid PAM, in which 10-100 nmol/L 1,25-(OH)2D3 inhibited 250HD3-1-hydroxylase by approximately 25%. An accompanying induction of the 250HD3-24-hydroxylase, which is typical for renal cells, was found at low levels in only 3 of 10 experiments; in this regard, no differences between sarcoid and normal PAM were apparent. PTH or forskolin did not influence 250HD3 metabolism by PAM. 1,25-(OH)2D3 production by sarcoid PAM was enhanced by lipopolysaccharide and IFN gamma. Likewise, recombinant human interleukin-2 stimulated 1,25-(OH)2D3 production by sarcoid PAM, suggesting a possible role for both IFN gamma and interleukin-2 in the induction of 1,25-(OH)2D3 synthesis by sarcoid PAM in vivo. Recombinant human IFN alpha, IFN beta, and granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor had little effect. Dexamethasone and chloroquine, which have in vivo antihypercalcemic activity in sarcoidosis, both inhibited 1,25-(OH)2D3 synthesis by sarcoid PAM; chloroquine simultaneously stimulated the 24-hydroxylase. Our studies suggest that the 250HD3-metabolizing system in PAM is in some respects different from renal metabolism of 250HD3.
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D002117:Calcitriol / Q000096:biosynthesis* / Q000494:pharmacology; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D002738:Chloroquine / Q000494:pharmacology; D003907:Dexamethasone / Q000494:pharmacology; D006801:Humans; D007371:Interferon-gamma / Q000494:pharmacology; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides / Q000494:pharmacology; D008171:Lung Diseases / Q000503:physiopathology*; D008264:Macrophages / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology* / Q000503:physiopathology; D008875:Middle Aged; D011650:Pulmonary Alveoli; D012507:Sarcoidosis / Q000503:physiopathology*
chemical_list: D008070:Lipopolysaccharides; D003907:Dexamethasone; D007371:Interferon-gamma; D002738:Chloroquine; D002117:Calcitriol