title: Evidence that the time of entry into S is determined by events occurring in early G1.
abstract: The length of the prereplicative period after stimulation of quiescent WI-38 cells is prolonged in proportion to the length of time the cells are incubated prior to serum addition. Previous results from this laboratory have shown that this prolongation does not result from a delay in the induction of events which occur during the G0/G1 transition (i.e. c-fos or c-myc expression) (Owen, T., Cosenza, S., Soprano, D. R., and Soprano, K. J. (1987) J. Biol. Chem. 262 15111-15117). It was the goal of the present studies to examine the expression of other growth-associated genes known to be induced and maximally accumulate later in G1 to identify genes whose expression is coupled to entry into S rather than mitogenic stimulation. In order to do this, the temporal pattern of expression of a variety of growth-associated genes (thymidine kinase, p53, 2A9/calcyclin, ornithine decarboxylase, 4F1/vimentin, and c-Ha-ras) was studied in WI-38 cells stimulated either 12 days or 26 days after plating. We report that the time of induction and maximum accumulation of each of these transcripts, with the exception of c-Ha-ras, was delayed in the 26-day cell group for 10 h, a period of time approximately equal to the length of delay in entry of these cells into S. Thus the expression of these particular genes would appear to be closely coupled in time and sequence to the entry of cells into S. These results suggest that the prolongation of the prereplicative period in WI-38 cells is located in early G1, following the events leading to c-fos and c-myc induction but prior to the induction and maximum accumulation later in G1 of other growth-associated genes such as ornithine decarboxylase and 4F1/vimentin. In addition, these results provide molecular evidence for a definitive programmed order of gene expression during the progression of cells out of G0 through G1 to S.
mesh_terms: D002135:Calcium-Binding Proteins / Q000235:genetics; D018797:Cell Cycle Proteins; D002455:Cell Division; D002460:Cell Line; D004247:DNA / Q000096:biosynthesis; D005347:Fibroblasts / Q000166:cytology / Q000378:metabolism; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation; D006801:Humans; D007399:Interphase; D009955:Ornithine Decarboxylase / Q000235:genetics; D011506:Proteins / Q000235:genetics; D011518:Proto-Oncogene Proteins / Q000235:genetics; D016760:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-fos; D016271:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-myc; D016283:Proto-Oncogene Proteins p21(ras); D011519:Proto-Oncogenes; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000096:biosynthesis; D000075383:S100 Calcium Binding Protein A6; D009418:S100 Proteins; D013937:Thymidine Kinase / Q000235:genetics; D013997:Time Factors; D014746:Vimentin / Q000235:genetics
chemical_list: D002135:Calcium-Binding Proteins; D018797:Cell Cycle Proteins; D011506:Proteins; D011518:Proto-Oncogene Proteins; D016760:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-fos; D016271:Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-myc; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D000075383:S100 Calcium Binding Protein A6; D009418:S100 Proteins; D014746:Vimentin; C055351:S100A6 protein, human; D004247:DNA; D013937:Thymidine Kinase; C501009:HRAS protein, human; D016283:Proto-Oncogene Proteins p21(ras); D009955:Ornithine Decarboxylase