title: Guanosine diphosphate binding, metabolism and regulation of follitropin-sensitive adenylate cyclase activity in Sertoli cell membranes.
abstract: Nucleotides such as GTP and GDP appear to be involved in signal transduction via G protein modulation of adenylate cyclase activity. Studies on direct binding of [3H]GDP to membranes prepared from cultured immature rat Sertoli cells indicated that this process was reversible, approached steady state within 10 min, had a Ka of 4.5.10(6) M-1 and was specific for guanine nucleotides. The non-hydrolyzable analog, guanosine 5'-O-[3-thio]triphosphate (Gppp[S]), was most effective as an inhibitor of [3H]GDP binding (ED50 = 4.8.10(-8) M), whereas guanosine 5'-O-[2-thio]diphosphate (Gpp[S]) was less potent (ED50 = 3.4.10(-7) M). Release of bound GDP was enhanced by follitropin (FSH) in the presence of Gppp[S], although not by FSH alone. Sertoli cell membranes possess guanine nucleotide hydrolase activity, where 95% of added nucleotide was rapidly degraded to guanosine. Binding kinetics were significantly influenced by nucleotide metabolism, which was prevented by controlling the Mg2+ concentration with EDTA and including App[NH]p to reduce nonspecific hydrolysis. Kinetic studies indicated that Gpp[S] inhibited (P less than 0.05) Gppp[S]-stimulated adenylate cyclase activity (Ki = 1.8.10(-7) M), whereas basal activity remained unaffected. Addition of Gpp[S] to pre-activated enzyme (FSH plus GTP) resulted in a time-dependent decay of adenylate cyclase activity with a Koff value of 6 +/- 1.min-1. Using a two-stage pre-incubation technique, adenylate cyclase activity was demonstrated to be sensitive to the nucleotide bound. When FSH was included, catalytic activity was not altered by the order of pre-incubation with the nucleotides. This suggested that the exchange of bound Gpp[S] for Gppp[S] was enhance by FSH. Activation and attenuation of FSH-sensitive adenylate cyclase activity is dependent on a nucleotide exchange mechanism which is driven by (1) the higher affinity of G for GTP than GDP, (2) enhanced release of GD when FSH is present and (3) GTP hydrolysis coupled to rapid metabolism of guanine nucleotides.
mesh_terms: D000262:Adenylyl Cyclases / Q000378:metabolism*; D002462:Cell Membrane / Q000378:metabolism; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D004492:Edetic Acid / Q000494:pharmacology; D004789:Enzyme Activation; D005640:Follicle Stimulating Hormone / Q000378:metabolism*; D006150:Guanine Nucleotides / Q000378:metabolism*; D006153:Guanosine Diphosphate / Q000378:metabolism*; D006801:Humans; D007700:Kinetics; D008274:Magnesium / Q000494:pharmacology; D015636:Magnesium Chloride; D008297:Male; D012708:Sertoli Cells / Q000201:enzymology*
chemical_list: D006150:Guanine Nucleotides; D015636:Magnesium Chloride; D006153:Guanosine Diphosphate; D005640:Follicle Stimulating Hormone; D004492:Edetic Acid; D000262:Adenylyl Cyclases; D008274:Magnesium