title: An instrument using variation of resistance to aid in needle tip insertion in epidural block in monkeys.
abstract: A new method is proposed to detect the entrance of a needle into the epidural space. Measuring the changes in electric resistance during the insertion of the needle through different tissues in the interspinal space can help anesthesiologists judge whether and when the needle has entered the epidural space. This preliminary, animal study showed that the proposed method performed quite satisfactorily. The electric resistance of the tissues in the interspinal space varied from 1.57 +/- 1.22 k omega to 2.93 +/- 1.14 k omega, and the resistance of the epidural space varied from 9.00 +/- 1.12 k omega to 14.64 +/- 1.25 k omega. The difference was statistically significant (p less than 0.001). This difference in the resistance can be used to verify placement of the tip of the needle in the epidural space and help anesthesiologists administer epidural anesthesia.
mesh_terms: D000767:Anesthesia, Epidural / Q000295:instrumentation*; D000818:Animals; D004553:Electric Conductivity; D000882:Haplorhini; D009339:Needles