title: Sequence of a New World primate insulin having low biological potency and immunoreactivity.
abstract: The organization of the insulin gene of the owl or night monkey (Aotus trivirgatus), a New World primate, is similar to that of the human gene. The sequences of these two genes and flanking regions possess 84.3% homology. An unusual feature of the owl monkey gene is the partial duplication and insertion of a portion of the A-chain coding sequence into the 3' untranslated region. The insulin gene of this primate also lacks a region of tandem repeats that is present in the 5' flanking region of the human and chimpanzee genes. Owl monkey preproinsulin has 85.5% identity with the human insulin precursor and is the most divergent of the primate insulins/preproinsulins yet described. The differences between owl monkey and human preproinsulin include three substitutions in the signal peptide, two in the B chain, seven in the C peptide, and three in the A chain. One of these replacements is the conservative substitution of valine for isoleucine at position A2, an invariant site in all other vertebrate insulins and insulin-like growth factors. The substitutions in owl monkey insulin at B9, B27, A2, A4, and A17 alter its structure so that it has only 20% of the receptor-binding activity and 1% of the affinity with guinea pig anti-porcine insulin antibodies as compared to human insulin.
mesh_terms: D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D000818:Animals; D000936:Antigen-Antibody Complex; D001029:Aotus trivirgatus / Q000235:genetics*; D001483:Base Sequence; D002427:Cebidae / Q000235:genetics*; D002522:Chlorocebus aethiops / Q000235:genetics; D003001:Cloning, Molecular; D005796:Genes; D006168:Guinea Pigs / Q000235:genetics; D000882:Haplorhini / Q000235:genetics; D006801:Humans; D007328:Insulin / Q000235:genetics* / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism; D008252:Macaca fascicularis / Q000235:genetics; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D002679:Pan troglodytes / Q000235:genetics; D011972:Receptor, Insulin / Q000378:metabolism; D012689:Sequence Homology, Nucleic Acid; D013045:Species Specificity
chemical_list: D000936:Antigen-Antibody Complex; D007328:Insulin; D011972:Receptor, Insulin