title: Adjunct low dose lithium carbonate in treatment-resistant depression: a placebo-controlled study.
abstract: Resistance to antidepressant therapy is a common clinical problem in the treatment of affective disorders. Adjunctive low dose lithium is a promising strategy based on biochemical models and encouraging clinical trials. After a mean duration of 9.2 months of conventional therapy, 16 healthy patients with treatment-resistant depression were treated for a minimum of 2 weeks with either adjunctive lithium or placebo using a double-blind design. We found no difference between the two groups in rate or degree of response. The two most dramatic responses occurred in patients treated with placebo, although 50% of patients treated with lithium had at least a partial response. The number of patients studied was clearly inadequate to avoid a type 2 error. The cumulative response rate reported in the literature of greater than 60%, however, suggests that lithium is indeed an effective adjunct in some patients with treatment-resistant depression. Our patients differed from those in other studies in that they were treated with a lower dose of lithium, the duration of conventional antidepressant therapy was longer, and, finally, they were less depressed and possibly depressed for a longer period. These differences may explain the comparable lithium and placebo responses in this study.
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D002986:Clinical Trials as Topic; D003866:Depressive Disorder / Q000097:blood / Q000188:drug therapy*; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D004334:Drug Administration Schedule; D004351:Drug Resistance; D004357:Drug Synergism; D004359:Drug Therapy, Combination; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007099:Imipramine / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D008094:Lithium / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000097:blood; D016651:Lithium Carbonate; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010624:Phenelzine / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D010919:Placebos; D011897:Random Allocation
chemical_list: D010919:Placebos; D016651:Lithium Carbonate; D008094:Lithium; D010624:Phenelzine; D007099:Imipramine