title: [The use of tools by primates: definition, criteria and hypotheses of its appearance in anthropogenesis].
abstract: The different approaches to the definition of "tool-using" and "tool" are discussed. The definitions of tool-using are given, the hypotheses of the tool-using origin in phylogenesis of primates: emotional, social tradition, playing, accumulations' objects are adduced. The modern data on tool-using for catching ants and termites, for cracking palm-nuts by wild chimpanzees under natural inhabitation, population and sex differences in tool-using are given. A conclusion has been made that tool-using in apes is qualitatively new form of behaviour arising in phylogenesis of primates and demonstrating us prerequisity of tool-using of early hominids.
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D005075:Biological Evolution; D004644:Emotions / Q000502:physiology; D005247:Feeding Behavior / Q000502:physiology; D005260:Female; D000882:Haplorhini / Q000502:physiology; D015186:Hominidae / Q000502:physiology; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D009048:Motor Skills / Q000502:physiology*; D010802:Phylogeny; D011323:Primates / Q000502:physiology*
vernacular_title: Orudiĭnaia deiatel'nost' primatov: opredelenie, kriterii i gipotezy vozniknoveniia v antropogeneze.