title: Inhibition of aminoimidazoquinoxaline-type and aminoimidazol-4-one type mutagen formation in liquid-reflux models by the amino acids L-proline and/or L-tryptophan.
abstract: Laboratory models were used to study the inhibition of mutagen formation by Maillard-type reactions during cooking of meats or fish. The amino acid L-proline (L-pro) was an effective, dose-dependent inhibitor of the development of mutagenicity (Ames test) in a liquid-reflux model of glucose + glycine + creatine known to produce IQ-type mutagens (MeIQx and 7,8-DiMeIQx). L-pro also inhibited formation of mutagens in a reflux model of threonine + creatine, developed in our laboratory, which yields a novel class of IQ-"like" aminoimidazol-4-one mutagens. A mixture of L-pro and L-tryptophan (L-trp) at lower concentrations of each yielded increased inhibition, compared with the findings when each inhibitor was tested by itself.
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D003404:Creatinine; D003864:Depression, Chemical; D005947:Glucose; D005998:Glycine; D006358:Hot Temperature; D008862:Microsomes, Liver / Q000378:metabolism; D009153:Mutagens / Q000138:chemical synthesis* / Q000494:pharmacology; D011392:Proline / Q000494:pharmacology*; D011804:Quinolines / Q000138:chemical synthesis* / Q000494:pharmacology; D051381:Rats; D012486:Salmonella typhimurium / Q000187:drug effects; D013329:Structure-Activity Relationship; D013912:Threonine; D014364:Tryptophan / Q000494:pharmacology*
chemical_list: D009153:Mutagens; D011804:Quinolines; D013912:Threonine; C029216:2-amino-3-methylimidazo(4,5-f)quinoline; D014364:Tryptophan; D011392:Proline; D003404:Creatinine; D005947:Glucose; D005998:Glycine