title: Acute and long-term effects of low-density lipoprotein apheresis on the serum concentrations of vitamins E and A.
abstract: Serum alpha-tocopherol and retinol concentrations were followed in four heterozygous adults and one homozygous child with familial hypercholesterolemia being treated by regular low-density lipoprotein (LDL) apheresis. Approximately 50% of plasma alpha-tocopherol was eliminated during a single apheresis procedure in the heterozygous adults, while a complete elimination of this vitamin along with LDLs was observed in the homozygous child. Absolute losses of alpha-tocopherol amounted to 13.4-22.5 mg/apheresis and are equivalent to the recommended dietary intake for 1.5 to 2 days. Despite these losses, no changes were observed either in serum alpha-tocopherol levels or in the ratio of alpha-tocopherol/total serum lipids after 12 months regular apheresis treatment. Serum retinol concentrations only showed a small decrease on apheresis, there being apparently no specific elimination of this vitamin. The absolute losses ranged from 42-422 micrograms/apheresis and were, therefore, much lower than the recommended dietary intake of the equivalent of 1500 micrograms retinol/day. It is concluded that no extra supplementation of these vitamins is required during LDL-apheresis therapy, although it may be advisable to monitor vitamin E status in patients on long-term, intensive therapy.
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D002648:Child; D008078:Cholesterol, LDL / Q000097:blood*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D006938:Hyperlipoproteinemia Type II / Q000097:blood / Q000628:therapy*; D008134:Long-Term Care; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010956:Plasmapheresis; D014801:Vitamin A / Q000097:blood*; D014810:Vitamin E / Q000097:blood*
chemical_list: D008078:Cholesterol, LDL; D014801:Vitamin A; D014810:Vitamin E