title: Protection of kidney function and decrease in albuminuria by captopril in insulin dependent diabetics with nephropathy.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To assess whether long term inhibition of angiotensin converting enzyme with captopril and frusemide or bendrofluazide protects kidney function in diabetic nephropathy.
  
  
  METHODS
  Non-randomised controlled before-after trial of matched hypertensive insulin dependent diabetics with nephropathy treated with captopril and frusemide or bendrofluazide.
  
  
  METHODS
  Outpatient diabetic clinic in tertiary referral centre.
  
  
  METHODS
  Treatment group of 18 hypertensive insulin dependent diabetics with nephropathy (mean age 33), who had not been treated previously. Control group of 13 patients (mean age 32) fulfilling the same entry criteria from a prospective study.
  
  
  METHODS
  Treatment group was given daily captopril 37.5-100.0 mg and frusemide (mean) 98 mg (10 patients) or bendrofluazide (mean) 4 mg (seven). Treatment was continued for about two and a half years. Controls were not treated.
  
  
  METHODS
  Measurement of arterial blood pressure, albuminuria, and glomerular filtration.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Baseline values were identical in treated and untreated groups respectively: mean blood pressure 146/93 (SE 3/1) mm Hg v 137/95 (2/1) mm Hg; geometric mean albuminuria 982 (antilog SE 1.2) micrograms/min v 936 (1.2) micrograms/min; and mean glomerular filtration rate 98 (SE 5) ml/min/1.73 m2 v 96 (6) ml/min/1.73 m2. Mean arterial blood pressure fell by 8.7 (1.3) mm Hg with captopril and rose by 6.6 (1.5) mm Hg in controls, (p less than 0.001); Albumin excretion decreased to 390 (1.1) micrograms/min with captopril and rose to 1367 (1.3) micrograms/min in controls (p less than 0.001). The rate of decrease in glomerular filtration rate was lower with captopril (5.8 (0.7) ml/year v 10.0 (1.3) ml/year) (p less than 0.01). Rate of fall in glomerular filtration rate and mean arterial blood pressure were significantly correlated (n = 31, r = 0.37, p less than 0.05).
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Captopril is a valuable new drug for treating hypertension in insulin dependent diabetics with nephropathy.
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000419:Albuminuria / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000503:physiopathology; D001539:Bendroflumethiazide / Q000627:therapeutic use; D002216:Captopril / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D002986:Clinical Trials as Topic; D003922:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1 / Q000503:physiopathology; D003928:Diabetic Nephropathies / Q000503:physiopathology*; D004359:Drug Therapy, Combination; D005260:Female; D005665:Furosemide / Q000627:therapeutic use; D005919:Glomerular Filtration Rate / Q000187:drug effects; D006801:Humans; D006977:Hypertension, Renal / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000503:physiopathology; D007668:Kidney / Q000503:physiopathology*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged
chemical_list: D001539:Bendroflumethiazide; D005665:Furosemide; D002216:Captopril