title: Constitutive expression of the granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor gene in human solid tumors.
abstract: We detected constitutive expression of the granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) gene in 3 human solid tumors by Northern blot analysis. Two of them were also found to secrete the GM-CSF protein by colony forming unit-culture assay. Southern blot analysis of each tumor DNA showed no gross rearrangement of the GM-CSF gene. This is the first report that demonstrates expression of the GM-CSF gene in solid tumors at the mRNA level.
mesh_terms: D003114:Colony-Forming Units Assay; D003115:Colony-Stimulating Factors / Q000235:genetics*; D004273:DNA, Neoplasm / Q000235:genetics; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation; D005796:Genes; D016178:Granulocyte-Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor; D006133:Growth Substances / Q000235:genetics*; D006801:Humans; D009369:Neoplasms / Q000235:genetics*; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000235:genetics
chemical_list: D003115:Colony-Stimulating Factors; D004273:DNA, Neoplasm; D006133:Growth Substances; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D016178:Granulocyte-Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor