title: Observations on white and yellow venoms from an individual southern Pacific rattlesnake (Crotalus viridis helleri).
abstract: Biochemical differences in white and yellow venoms produced in the separate venom glands of an individual southern Pacific rattlesnake (Crotalus viridis helleri) were investigated. Compared to the yellow venom, the white venom contained fewer low molecular weight components and was considerably less toxic. Although the exact LD50 was not determined, the white venom did not produce toxic effects in mice when injected i.v. at concentrations up to 10 mg/kg. The i.v. LD50 of the yellow venom was approximately 1.6 mg/kg. Both white and yellow venoms had hemorrhagic activity, but the white venom caused less intradermal hemorrhage in mice. No L-amino acid oxidase activity was measured in the white venom and protease and phospholipase A2 activities of the white venom were much less than in the yellow venom. The white and yellow venoms both produced myonecrosis at 1, 3 and 24 hr after i.m. injection into mice, however, there were some qualitative differences in the myonecrosis produced. When the venom samples were reacted against Wyeth's polyvalent (Crotalidae) antivenom using immunodiffusion, three precipitin bands formed against the yellow venom, whereas only one formed against the white venom. When reacted against an antiserum to myotoxin alpha from C. viridis viridis venom, both the white and yellow venoms produced one precipitin band each.
mesh_terms: D000594:Amino Acid Oxidoreductases / Q000032:analysis; D000818:Animals; D003435:Crotalid Venoms / Q000032:analysis* / Q000633:toxicity; D004591:Electrophoresis, Polyacrylamide Gel; D005088:Exocrine Glands / Q000378:metabolism; D006470:Hemorrhage / Q000139:chemically induced; D005779:Immunodiffusion; D050830:L-Amino Acid Oxidase; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D009135:Muscular Diseases / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000473:pathology; D010447:Peptide Hydrolases / Q000032:analysis; D010741:Phospholipases A / Q000032:analysis; D054467:Phospholipases A2; D012967:Sodium Dodecyl Sulfate
chemical_list: D003435:Crotalid Venoms; D012967:Sodium Dodecyl Sulfate; D000594:Amino Acid Oxidoreductases; D050830:L-Amino Acid Oxidase; D010741:Phospholipases A; D054467:Phospholipases A2; D010447:Peptide Hydrolases