title: [Intracellular amino acid concentrations in the musculature of 3 species of animals under physiologic, pathophysiologic and infusion therapy conditions].
abstract: In the first part of this paper methodological aspects of intracellular amino-acid analysis in three species of animals, i.e. in rats, rabbits, and cats are dealt with. The genetic homogeneity as well as the age of the animal groups, metabolic differences between carnivores and herbivores, the length of the intestine and, thus, the time elapsing before the postabsorptive state is reached, furthermore, the body size which, in studies with muscle biopsies, makes correlated samples either possible or impossible; all these factors are experimental variables potentially affecting the evidence of the results obtained. Amino acids being involved in ammonia detoxification or showing raised plasma levels in hepatic failure form the subject of the subsequent parts of this paper. In the muscle cells of the three above species investigated after an overnight fast, the concentration of glutamine was about 5.5 times and that of glutamate about 4.1 times higher than in human muscle. Regarding glutamine and glutamate, there were no marked differences between the three species. As to the other amino acids measured in the rats, rabbits, and cats, alanine, the branched-chain amino acid (BCAA) as well as methionine and phenylalanine had intracellular values similar to those observed in humans. To test the hypothesis that ammonia lowers the BCAA plasma levels by considerably increasing glutamine synthesis and decreasing the intracellular glutamate pool with consecutively intensified transamination of BCAA for partial replenishment of this pool, we infused ammonium salts and created portocaval shunts in animal experiments.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
mesh_terms: D000596:Amino Acids / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000097:blood*; D000641:Ammonia / Q000097:blood*; D000818:Animals; D002415:Cats; D006501:Hepatic Encephalopathy / Q000097:blood; D006801:Humans; D009132:Muscles / Q000378:metabolism*; D010289:Parenteral Nutrition, Total; D011167:Portacaval Shunt, Surgical; D011817:Rabbits; D051381:Rats; D013045:Species Specificity
chemical_list: D000596:Amino Acids; D000641:Ammonia
vernacular_title: Intrazelluläre Aminosäurenkonzentrationen der Muskulatur dreier Tierspezies unter physiologischen, pathophysiologischen und infusionstherapeutischen Bedingungen.