Chemical and biological characterization of hazardous industrial waste. I. Prokaryotic bioassays and chemical analysis of a wood-preserving bottom-sediment waste.
Prokaryotic bioassays, capable of detecting point mutations and lethal damage to DNA, and a GC/MS/Data System analysis were employed to evaluate the genotoxic characteristics of wood-preserving bottom sediment. Organic compounds in the waste were initially extracted with dichloromethane and then fractionated by liquid-liquid extraction into acid, base and neutral fractions. The crude extract and each of 3 subfractions were tested in 4 strains of S. typhimurium to detect point mutations and 6 strains of B subtilis to detect lethal damage to DNA. The assay using S. typhimurium responded to indirect-acting mutagens in the crude extract and all 3 primary fractions, with the maximum mutagenic response of 181 net revertants induced by the base fraction at a dose of 500 micrograms/plate. In the DNA-repair assay, the survival ratio for the repair-deficient strain recE4 when compared to the repair-proficient strain 168 wt was 0.17 and 0.09 in the acid and base fractions, respectively, at a dose of 100 micrograms/plate. Potentially genotoxic compounds identified in the waste fractions by GG/MS/DS analysis include acenaphthylene, pentachlorophenol, methyl phenanthrene, fluoranthene and pyrene. However, it appears that these identified chemicals did not contribute significantly to the observed mutagenic activity of the sample extracts.
D001412:Bacillus subtilis / Q000187:drug effects; D001711:Biotransformation; D004249:DNA Damage; D004260:DNA Repair; D008401:Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry; D006863:Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; D007220:Industrial Waste / Q000032:analysis; D008862:Microsomes, Liver / Q000378:metabolism; D009152:Mutagenicity Tests; D009153:Mutagens / Q000032:analysis*; D012486:Salmonella typhimurium / Q000187:drug effects; D014934:Wood
D007220:Industrial Waste; D009153:Mutagens