title: Synergistic activation of human monocytes by granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor and IFN-gamma. Increased TNF-alpha but not IL-1 activity.
abstract: TNF-alpha and IL-1 activities and PGE2 levels were investigated in the supernatants of highly purified human monocytes cultured for 18 h with recombinant human granulocyte-macrophage CSF (GM-CSF). GM-CSF alone did not stimulate IL-1 or TNF-alpha activities or the production of PGE2. GM-CSF with IFN-gamma, but not with LPS, consistently activated the monocytes for TNF-alpha activity. In contrast, for increased IL-1 activity, GM-CSF synergized weakly and irregularly with LPS, but not at all with IFN-gamma. For the third monocyte product investigated, GM-CSF was a weak and inconsistent inducer of PGE2 and only in the co-presence of IFN-gamma. Thus, GM-CSF can elicit different responses in human monocytes depending both on the co-stimulus as well as the monocyte product being investigated.
mesh_terms: D003115:Colony-Stimulating Factors / Q000494:pharmacology*; D015232:Dinoprostone; D004357:Drug Synergism; D016178:Granulocyte-Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor; D006133:Growth Substances / Q000494:pharmacology*; D006801:Humans; D007371:Interferon-gamma / Q000494:pharmacology*; D007375:Interleukin-1 / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D008262:Macrophage Activation / Q000187:drug effects*; D009000:Monocytes / Q000166:cytology / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism*; D011458:Prostaglandins E / Q000096:biosynthesis; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000096:biosynthesis*
chemical_list: D003115:Colony-Stimulating Factors; D006133:Growth Substances; D007375:Interleukin-1; D011458:Prostaglandins E; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; D007371:Interferon-gamma; D016178:Granulocyte-Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor; D015232:Dinoprostone