title: A non-flow cytometric system for detecting antibodies and cellular antigens in blood.
abstract: The system described here can distinguish between single and agglutinated erythrocytes by use of a non-flow fiber optic fluorometer. The method is capable of detecting cell-surface antigens and antibodies to cell-surface antigens present in blood. Significant features include high-efficiency fluorescent dyes that intercalate into cell membranes, a stretching membrane for transport and mixing of samples, charged colloidal magnetite for magnetic separation of erythrocytes, and an immersible fiber optic probe for measuring fluorescence associated with cells in a 1-nL volume of a bulk solution. We describe the application of the system to automation of ABO/Rh grouping and antibody screening.
mesh_terms: D000017:ABO Blood-Group System / Q000276:immunology; D000906:Antibodies / Q000032:analysis*; D000954:Antigens, Surface / Q000032:analysis*; D001322:Autoanalysis; D001788:Blood Grouping and Crossmatching / Q000379:methods*; D003503:Cyclobutanes; D004912:Erythrocytes / Q000276:immunology*; D052203:Ferrosoferric Oxide; D005336:Fiber Optic Technology; D005456:Fluorescent Dyes; D005470:Fluorometry; D006384:Hemagglutination; D006801:Humans; D007501:Iron; D008280:Magnetics; D055100:Optical Fibers; D010087:Oxides; D012204:Rh-Hr Blood-Group System / Q000276:immunology
chemical_list: D000017:ABO Blood-Group System; D000906:Antibodies; D000954:Antigens, Surface; D003503:Cyclobutanes; D005456:Fluorescent Dyes; D010087:Oxides; D012204:Rh-Hr Blood-Group System; C057202:tetrabutyl squarate; C057201:tetraethyl squarate; D007501:Iron; D052203:Ferrosoferric Oxide