title: Production of interleukin-1 alpha, interleukin-1 beta and tumor necrosis factor by human mononuclear cells stimulated with granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor.
abstract: Recent studies have examined the synergistic effects of granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) and hematopoietin-1 (now identified as Interleukin-1, IL-1) on bone marrow colony formation. In the present report, human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (MNCs) were stimulated in vitro with recombinant human GM-CSF (rGM-CSF) and production of IL-1 alpha, IL-1 beta, and tumor necrosis factor (TNF) was measured by specific radioimmunoassays. In the MNCs of 20 individuals, rGM-CSF's ability to induce the three cytokines was variable. Nearly all donors responded to low-dose rGM-CSF (0.02 to 2 ng/mL) with production of TNF, whereas some individuals did not produce IL-1 alpha or IL-1 beta. The MNCs from some subjects stimulated with high-dose rGM-CSF (10 to 80 ng/mL) produced as much cytokine as in response to 10 ng/mL endotoxin. Localization (ie, extracellular or cell-associated cytokine) was specific for the cytokine rather than the stimulus. Indomethacin increased the amount of cytokine produced in response to rGM-CSF for IL-1 beta and TNF but not for IL-1 alpha. In addition, interferon-gamma (INF-gamma) upregulated the amount of TNF induced by rGM-CSF in all donors examined, with variable effect on IL-1 alpha and IL-1 beta. Suboptimal levels of endotoxin incubated with rGM-CSF did not alter the amount of IL-1 produced as compared with cells stimulated with rGM-CSF alone, whereas TNF production showed either no change or a slight decrease in production. These data suggest that GM-CSF may play an important role in the host defense response by stimulating production of these cytokines.
mesh_terms: D002478:Cells, Cultured; D003115:Colony-Stimulating Factors / Q000494:pharmacology*; D004731:Endotoxins / Q000494:pharmacology; D016178:Granulocyte-Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor; D006133:Growth Substances / Q000494:pharmacology*; D006801:Humans; D007213:Indomethacin / Q000494:pharmacology; D007371:Interferon-gamma / Q000494:pharmacology; D007375:Interleukin-1 / Q000032:analysis / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D007963:Leukocytes, Mononuclear / Q000032:analysis / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism*; D011994:Recombinant Proteins / Q000494:pharmacology; D013347:Subcellular Fractions / Q000032:analysis; D013997:Time Factors; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000032:analysis / Q000096:biosynthesis*
chemical_list: D003115:Colony-Stimulating Factors; D004731:Endotoxins; D006133:Growth Substances; D007375:Interleukin-1; D011994:Recombinant Proteins; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; D007371:Interferon-gamma; D016178:Granulocyte-Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor; D007213:Indomethacin