title: Relationship between force and Ca2+ concentration in smooth muscle as revealed by measurements on single cells.
abstract: The role of Ca2+ in regulating smooth muscle contraction was investigated by measuring isometric force and [Ca2+] simultaneously in individual single smooth-muscle cells. [Ca2+] was measured with fura-2 and a high time-resolution dual-wavelength digital microfluorimeter, and force was measured with an ultrasensitive force transducer attached to a probe around which was tied one end of the cell. Both [Ca2+] and force increase after maximal electrical stimulus, with [Ca2+] increasing considerably before the first detectable increase in force. Force development exhibited maximal sensitivity to [Ca2+] between 150 and 500 nM Ca2+. This Ca2+ sensitivity can account for the fact that many physiological stimuli produce full contraction even though such stimuli only increase Ca2+ to 600-800 nM. When Ca2+ was induced to increase rapidly, the relation between [Ca2+] and force exhibited hysteresis. During the onset of contraction, force at a given [Ca2+] was lower than during the muscle's return to rest, thus suggesting the existence of a slow step(s) linking Ca2+ and force development in smooth muscle. The direction of this hysteresis reversed during contractions in which Ca2+ increased slowly, suggesting that the contractile process becomes desensitized to [Ca2+] with time. These relations between calcium and force in intact single smooth-muscle cells differ in many respects from the relation found previously in chemically permeabilized multicellular preparations of smooth muscle.
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001572:Benzofurans; D002024:Bufo marinus; D002118:Calcium / Q000502:physiology*; D003593:Cytoplasm / Q000502:physiology; D016257:Fura-2; D066298:In Vitro Techniques; D009119:Muscle Contraction; D009130:Muscle, Smooth / Q000502:physiology*
chemical_list: D001572:Benzofurans; D002118:Calcium; D016257:Fura-2