title: Treatment of advanced squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck with isotretinoin: a phase II randomized trial.
abstract: Retinoids, the analogs of vitamin A, are active in vitro and in vivo against squamous cell carcinoma in animals and against certain epithelial precancers and cancers in humans. These data led us to design a prospective, multi-institutional, randomized phase II trial of isotretinoin in advanced head and neck squamous cell carcinoma. We randomly assigned 40 patients to receive isotretinoin or methotrexate, the best-studied and most active single agent for this disease. Overall, the study patients had extremely poor prognoses, i.e., low performance statuses and recurring disease after surgery and/or irradiation. Three objective responses (16%), including one complete response, occurred in the 19 evaluable isotretinoin-treated patients. Only one minor response (5%) occurred in the methotrexate-treated group. Toxicity occurred with both drugs, but was manageable and never life threatening in the retinoid group. These results and the established activity of retinoids in oral leukoplakia (a precursor of head and neck cancer) indicate the need for further study of this class of drugs in head and neck cancer.
authors.affiliation: Section of Hematology, University of Arizona Cancer Center.
authors.forename: S M
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Lippman
authors.forename: J F
authors.initials: JF
authors.lastname: Kessler
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Al-Sarraf
authors.forename: D S
authors.initials: DS
authors.lastname: Alberts
authors.forename: L M
authors.initials: LM
authors.lastname: Itri
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Mattox
authors.forename: D D
authors.initials: DD
authors.lastname: Von Hoff
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Loescher
authors.forename: F L
authors.initials: FL
authors.lastname: Meyskens
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D002294:Carcinoma, Squamous Cell / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000473:pathology; D004341:Drug Evaluation; D005260:Female; D006258:Head and Neck Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000473:pathology; D006801:Humans; D015474:Isotretinoin; D008297:Male; D008727:Methotrexate / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use; D008875:Middle Aged; D011897:Random Allocation; D014212:Tretinoin / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*
chemical_list: D014212:Tretinoin; D015474:Isotretinoin; D008727:Methotrexate