title: High-performance liquid chromatography of hydroxysteroids detected with post-column immobilized enzyme reactors.
abstract: Assaying the low concentrations of steroid hormones in extracts of body fluids requires detectors that are both highly sensitive to the steroid and relatively insensitive to interfering compounds usually present in much higher concentrations. To explore the use of moderately specific enzymes in post-column reactors, we immobilized 3 alpha- and beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase on controlled pore glass beads, 37 microns in diameter, and constructed 4.6-mm diameter reactor columns, 3-cm long, packed with one of the two kinds of these beads. Hydroxysteroids eluted from the analytical column were mixed with the coenzyme, nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD), before passing through the reactor. The effluent from the reactor was passed through the 70-microliters flow cell of a fluorometer in which the fluorescence of the NADH produced in the enzyme-catalyzed oxidation of the hydroxysteroid was monitored. At the conventional high-performance liquid chromatography flow-rates used, oxidation of the steroids was almost complete. The yield depended on both the residence time of steroids in the reactor column and the concentration of organic modifier in the reaction mixture. Maximal yield was obtained with buffer having a low organic solvent concentration and passing through the reactor slowly. In assays of mixtures of epimeric hydroxysteroids, the 3 alpha-hydroxysteroids were detected with the 3 alpha-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase reactor; the beta-hydroxysteroids were not, confirming the specificity of the enzymatic detection. With the fluorometer used, picomole quantities of steroids could easily be distinguished from noise.
authors.affiliation: Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Lam
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Malikin
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Karmen
mesh_terms: D015096:3-Hydroxysteroid Dehydrogenases; D045002:3-alpha-Hydroxysteroid Dehydrogenase (B-Specific); D000738:Androsterone / Q000032:analysis; D002851:Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; D004800:Enzymes, Immobilized / Q000032:analysis; D006914:Hydroxysteroids / Q000032:analysis*; D007202:Indicators and Reagents; D010084:Oxidation-Reduction; D013050:Spectrometry, Fluorescence; D013056:Spectrophotometry, Ultraviolet; D013739:Testosterone / Q000032:analysis
chemical_list: D004800:Enzymes, Immobilized; D006914:Hydroxysteroids; D007202:Indicators and Reagents; D013739:Testosterone; D000738:Androsterone; D015096:3-Hydroxysteroid Dehydrogenases; D045002:3-alpha-Hydroxysteroid Dehydrogenase (B-Specific)