title: [Exposure to metals in dental laboratories].
abstract: Dental care includes handling of different types of metal alloys usually classified as "noble" and "base" in relation to the presence or absence of either gold or other precious metals. It must be born in mind that exposure to metals in this activities is due not only to those metals present in the alloys but also to those contained in the other materials used during the processes of casting and finishing. The most important metals are the following: Al, Be, Cd, Cr, Co, Cu, Au, In, Hg, Mo, Ni, Pd, Pt, Si, Ag, Sn, Ti, W, Zn. In this paper we investigated the environmental exposure to metals in dental laboratories studying the environmental air concentration of metals in casting and finishing processes estimating the "quality" of the elements present by Particle Induces X-ray Emission (PIXE) and the "quantity" of the elements by electro thermic atomic absorption spectrophotometry (ET-AAS) and the concentration of the main metals in the blood and in the urine of exposed technicians by ET-AAS. These analyses permitted to detect all the metals present in the work environment and to quantify their concentration, which always resulted to be low (except some metals during short time operations). The biological monitoring revealed the existence of moderate absorption of these metals in the exposed workers but it is not possible for us to affirm if this phenomenon represents a real risk for the health of the technicians. Hence further epidemiological and health surveillance investigations are needed to verify morbidity and mortality of the subjects employed in this activity.
authors.affiliation: Cattedra di Medicina del Lavoro, Università degli Studi di Brescia.
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Apostoli
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Ferioli
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Crippa
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Redaelli
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Braga Marcazzan
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Alessio
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000395:Air Pollutants, Occupational / Q000032:analysis*; D003722:Dental Alloys / Q000032:analysis; D006801:Humans; D007754:Laboratories, Dental; D008670:Metals / Q000032:analysis* / Q000652:urine; D016273:Occupational Exposure; D013052:Spectrometry, X-Ray Emission; D013054:Spectrophotometry, Atomic
chemical_list: D000395:Air Pollutants, Occupational; D003722:Dental Alloys; D008670:Metals
vernacular_title: Esposizione a metalli nei laboratori odontotecnici.