title: Effects of cholinergic and anticholinergic drugs on ketamine-induced linguopharyngeal motor activity.
abstract: Benztropine mesylate (Cogentin) and physostigmine salicylate (Antilirium), were tested for changes in tongue protrusions, retrusions, and swallowing acts in rats anesthetized with a 100 mg/kg IM injection of ketamine hydrochloride. These ketamine-induced linguopharyngeal events were monitored by means of a force displacement transducer fed onto a polygraph. Benztropine (0.05-1 mg/kg) caused mild to moderate reductions in the rate of these events for a short period of time, up to about 30 min. With physostigmine (5-25 micrograms/kg), linguopharyngeal activity was markedly increased, up to 50-fold by the highest dose within 5 min and returned almost to the baseline within 60 min. With lower doses, more moderate responses were obtained. If methscopolamine (1.4, 3, 6 mg/kg IM) preceded physostigmine, the physostigmine enhancement was preserved.
authors.affiliation: Department of Anatomy, University of South Alabama, Mobile 36617.
authors.forename: L A
authors.initials: LA
authors.lastname: Marco
authors.forename: R S
authors.initials: RS
authors.lastname: Joshi
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Brown
authors.forename: L D
authors.initials: LD
authors.lastname: Aldes
authors.forename: R B
authors.initials: RB
authors.lastname: Chronister
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001590:Benztropine / Q000494:pharmacology; D003679:Deglutition / Q000187:drug effects; D005260:Female; D007649:Ketamine / Q000494:pharmacology*; D009043:Motor Activity / Q000187:drug effects*; D010276:Parasympatholytics / Q000494:pharmacology*; D010277:Parasympathomimetics / Q000494:pharmacology*; D010830:Physostigmine / Q000494:pharmacology; D051381:Rats; D011919:Rats, Inbred Strains; D013997:Time Factors; D014059:Tongue / Q000187:drug effects*
chemical_list: D010276:Parasympatholytics; D010277:Parasympathomimetics; D001590:Benztropine; D007649:Ketamine; D010830:Physostigmine