title: Estrogen replacement therapy.
abstract: More than 40 million American women are menopausal; another 3.5 million women will be reaching the climacteric age each year for the next 12 years. These women will have a life expectancy of more than 30 years after menopause. In America, there are three widely recognized indications for postmenopausal hormone replacement: vasomotor symptoms, dyspareunia, and the progressive development of osteoporosis. Ovarian hormone research indicates a wide variety of nonreproductive effects of ovarian steroids. The recognition of the relationship between ovarian hormone imbalance and signs and symptoms of disturbed function in these systems provides a new frontier for continuing research and preventive health care.
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut.
authors.forename: P M
authors.initials: PM
authors.lastname: Sarrel
mesh_terms: D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases / Q000517:prevention & control; D004958:Estradiol / Q000378:metabolism / Q000502:physiology; D004967:Estrogens / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008593:Menopause / Q000378:metabolism / Q000502:physiology; D008875:Middle Aged; D009422:Nervous System Diseases / Q000517:prevention & control; D010024:Osteoporosis / Q000517:prevention & control; D014555:Urination Disorders / Q000517:prevention & control; D014623:Vaginal Diseases / Q000517:prevention & control
chemical_list: D004967:Estrogens; D004958:Estradiol