title: Comparative evaluation of recently developed quinolone compounds--with a note on the frequency of resistant mutants.
abstract: The antibacterial activity of the new quinolone compounds enoxacin, norfloxacin, ofloxacin and ciprofloxacin was evaluated in 300 Enterobacteriaceae, 50 Pseudomonas aeruginosa, 30 Acinetobacter spp., 15 Haemophilus influenzae, 50 Streptococcus faecalis, and 70 Staphylococcus aureus isolates and compared to that of nalidixic acid, gentamicin and various beta-lactam compounds. Moreover, the rate of spontaneous mutants resistant to quinolone compounds was evaluated. In concentrations only insignificantly exceeding the minimal inhibitory concentrations (MIC), mutants could be isolated rather frequently (approx. 10(-6) fold); in concentrations of at least 10 times the MIC resistant mutants were barely detectable. In general, the mutants exhibited a 4- to 8-fold increase of the MIC as compared to the wild strain. In S. faecalis mutants were not detectable, whereas they occurred in low frequency (less than 10(-8) fold) in S. aureus strains. In all mutants there was almost, but not entirely, complete cross-resistance between the quinolone derivatives.
authors.forename: W
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Cullmann
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Stieglitz
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Baars
authors.forename: W
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Opferkuch
mesh_terms: D000150:Acinetobacter / Q000187:drug effects; D000667:Ampicillin / Q000494:pharmacology; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D001419:Bacteria / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000235:genetics; D002439:Cefotaxime / Q000494:pharmacology; D002939:Ciprofloxacin; D015365:Enoxacin; D004755:Enterobacteriaceae / Q000187:drug effects; D013293:Enterococcus faecalis / Q000187:drug effects; D005839:Gentamicins / Q000494:pharmacology; D006193:Haemophilus influenzae / Q000187:drug effects; D008802:Mezlocillin / Q000494:pharmacology; D009268:Nalidixic Acid / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000494:pharmacology; D009287:Naphthyridines / Q000494:pharmacology; D009643:Norfloxacin; D015242:Ofloxacin; D010078:Oxazines; D010403:Penicillin Resistance; D011550:Pseudomonas aeruginosa / Q000187:drug effects; D011804:Quinolines / Q000494:pharmacology*; D013211:Staphylococcus aureus / Q000187:drug effects
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D005839:Gentamicins; D009287:Naphthyridines; D010078:Oxazines; D011804:Quinolines; D015365:Enoxacin; D009268:Nalidixic Acid; D002939:Ciprofloxacin; D000667:Ampicillin; D015242:Ofloxacin; D009643:Norfloxacin; D002439:Cefotaxime; D008802:Mezlocillin