title: Microbial transformation of the pyrethroid insecticides: permethrin, deltamethrin, fastac, fenvalerate, and fluvalinate.
abstract: Pure cultures of Bacillus cereus, Pseudomonas fluorescens, and Achromobacter sp. were shown to transform five pyrethroid insecticides in the presence of Tween 80. One of the major products, 3-phenoxybenzoic acid, was further transformed to 4-hydroxy-3-phenoxybenzoic acid. Permethrin was the most rapidly transformed of the pyrethroids, with a half-life of less than 5 days.
authors.affiliation: Division of Biotechnology, Centre for Applied Microbiology & Research, Salisbury, Wiltshire, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: S E
authors.initials: SE
authors.lastname: Maloney
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Maule
authors.forename: A R
authors.initials: AR
authors.lastname: Smith
mesh_terms: D000421:Alcaligenes / Q000378:metabolism*; D001409:Bacillus cereus / Q000378:metabolism*; D001673:Biodegradation, Environmental; D055598:Chemical Phenomena; D002621:Chemistry; D007306:Insecticides / Q000378:metabolism*; D009570:Nitriles; D026023:Permethrin; D011136:Polysorbates; D011551:Pseudomonas fluorescens / Q000378:metabolism*; D011722:Pyrethrins / Q000378:metabolism*; D012722:Sewage; D012988:Soil Microbiology
chemical_list: D007306:Insecticides; D009570:Nitriles; D011136:Polysorbates; D011722:Pyrethrins; D012722:Sewage; C017160:cypermethrin; C017180:decamethrin; C034227:fluvalinate; D026023:Permethrin; C017690:fenvalerate