title: Clomipramine, self-exposure and therapist-aided exposure for obsessive-compulsive rituals.
abstract: A randomised treatment design for 49 chronically obsessive-compulsive ritualising patients was devised and three controlled comparisons were made. 1. During 7 weeks of self-exposure instructions, clomipramine treatment improved some measures of rituals and depression significantly more than did placebo medication; this effect was transient and disappeared as drug treatment and exposure were continued for a further 15 weeks. 2. During 11-16 weeks of clomipramine treatment, self-exposure instructions yielded highly significantly more patient improvement than did anti-exposure instructions on nearly all measures of rituals and some of social adjustment. 3. Adding therapist-aided exposure (1.3 hours) to self-exposure instructions (3 hours) after 8 weeks had a barely significant transient effect of dubious clinical value, which was lost by the end of exposure (at week 23) and during follow-up assessments to week 52. We conclude that of the three therapeutic factors tested, self-exposure was the most potent; clomipramine played a limited adjuvant role, and therapist-aided exposure a marginal one.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Psychiatry, Denmark Hill, London.
authors.forename: I M
authors.initials: IM
authors.lastname: Marks
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Lelliott
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Basoglu
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Noshirvani
authors.forename: W
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Monteiro
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Cohen
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Kasvikis
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D001521:Behavior Therapy; D002997:Clomipramine / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D003131:Combined Modality Therapy; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009771:Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000628:therapy*; D010349:Patient Compliance; D011379:Prognosis; D011897:Random Allocation; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D002997:Clomipramine