title: Prognostic indicators in patients presenting with the nephrotic syndrome.
abstract: Clinical data from 246 patients presenting with a nephrotic syndrome and biopsy-proven glomerular disorder were analyzed, using statistical survival techniques, to determine which of several variables (sex, age, plasma creatinine, diastolic blood pressure and 24-hour urinary protein loss) were associated with subsequent end-stage renal failure. The best prediction of outcome could be made at one year (N = 121); then plasma creatinine (P less than 0.001) and heavy proteinuria (P = 0.049) were the best determinants. For a given plasma creatinine level, heavy urinary protein was associated with a worse outcome. The incidence of end-stage renal failure was greatest three to four years from the date edema first developed. Plasma creatinine and urinary protein values, collected four-monthly throughout the study period, were analyzed as time-dependent covariates. A relationship was found between the prevailing risk of renal failure and earlier heavy proteinuria (P less than 0.001). Spontaneous complete remission of proteinuria was associated with a highly favorable outcome (P = 0.001) and normal, or impaired but stable, renal function.
authors.affiliation: Department of Renal Medicine, Manchester Royal Infirmary, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: L P
authors.initials: LP
authors.lastname: Hunt
authors.forename: C D
authors.initials: CD
authors.lastname: Short
authors.forename: N P
authors.initials: NP
authors.lastname: Mallick
mesh_terms: D000206:Actuarial Analysis; D000328:Adult; D000367:Age Factors; D001794:Blood Pressure; D003404:Creatinine / Q000097:blood; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007676:Kidney Failure, Chronic / Q000401:mortality; D008297:Male; D009404:Nephrotic Syndrome / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000401:mortality*; D011379:Prognosis; D011507:Proteinuria / Q000175:diagnosis; D012044:Regression Analysis; D012737:Sex Factors; D013223:Statistics as Topic; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D003404:Creatinine