title: Direct puncture of the cavernous sinus for obliteration of a recurrent carotid-cavernous fistula.
abstract: The authors report direct transcutaneous puncture of the cavernous sinus through an intact orbit for embolization of a recurrent carotid-cavernous fistula (CCF) after 10 prior operations. The fistula was obliterated completely with this technique. No significant complication was noted except temporary ptosis for about 2 months. When other approaches are difficult or impossible, this technique can be an alternate way to treat a recurrent CCF after a trapping procedure.
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China.
authors.forename: M M
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: Teng
authors.forename: W Y
authors.initials: WY
authors.lastname: Guo
authors.forename: L S
authors.initials: LS
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Chang
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001164:Arteriovenous Fistula / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000628:therapy*; D004621:Embolization, Therapeutic / Q000379:methods*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D011859:Radiography; D012008:Recurrence