title: A simple method for long-term biliary access in large animals.
abstract: A simple method to obtain long-term access to the biliary tree in dogs and pigs is presented. In ten dogs and four pigs, a cholecystectomy was performed, the cystic duct isolated, and a catheter inserted into the cut end of the cystic duct. The catheter was connected to a subcutaneous infusion port, producing a closed, internal system to allow long-term access. The catheter placement was successful in three of the pigs and all of the dogs. Thirty-five cholangiograms were obtained in the 13 subjects by accessing the port with a 20 gauge Huber needle and injecting small amounts (4-10 mL) of contrast under fluoroscopic control. Cholangiograms were obtained up to four months after catheter placement without evidence for catheter failure or surgically induced changes in the biliary tree. This model provides a simple, reliable means to obtain serial cholangiograms in a research setting.
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, Upjohn Center for Clinical Pharmacology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor 48109.
authors.forename: J C
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Andrews
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Knutsen
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Smith
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Prieskorn
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Crudip
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Klevering
authors.forename: W D
authors.initials: WD
authors.lastname: Ensminger
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002404:Catheterization / Q000295:instrumentation / Q000379:methods*; D002408:Catheters, Indwelling; D002758:Cholangiography / Q000379:methods*; D003287:Contrast Media / Q000008:administration & dosage; D003549:Cystic Duct; D004285:Dogs; D004867:Equipment Design; D007260:Infusion Pumps; D011140:Polyurethanes; D012826:Silicone Elastomers; D013552:Swine
chemical_list: D003287:Contrast Media; D011140:Polyurethanes; D012826:Silicone Elastomers