title: Supra-apical midfacial osteotomies--new surgical techniques and their application.
abstract: Four types of so-called "supra-apical midfacial osteotomies" are described in the detail. These are recommended for correction of the severely hypoplastic midface in the paranasal and hyponasal areas. A moderate vertical elongation of the midface is also achieved with these osteotomies. Their use in patients with cleft deformities to reduce the risk of hypernasality is recommended.
authors.affiliation: Dept. of Maxillo-Facial and Craniofacial Surgery, Walton Hospital, University of Liverpool, Great Britain.
authors.forename: O A
authors.initials: OA
authors.lastname: Pospisil
mesh_terms: D002972:Cleft Palate / Q000601:surgery; D005147:Facial Bones / Q000601:surgery*; D006801:Humans; D010027:Osteotomy / Q000379:methods*