title: Coronary artery spasm during coronary artery bypass surgery: its diagnosis, treatment and prevention.
abstract: Between 1982 and 1983, we experienced four cases of hemodynamic collapse accompanied by an ST-segment depression in the ECG lead II, shortly after the cessation of cardiopulmonary bypass. The bypass graft flows monitored in these patients during the hemodynamic collapse episodes were remarkably low. In three cases, nitroglycerin (0.5-1 mg) was injected directly into the vein graft, which increased the graft flow suddenly, returned the ST-segment to the baseline, and improved the circulatory condition. Since 1984, however, diltiazem has been used in the cardioplegic solution and postoperative drip infusion. Due to the introduction of this drug, coronary artery spasm has not been seen in any of our patients since. These findings show that the monitoring of ST-segment changes and bypass graft flows are useful in the early diagnosis of coronary artery spasm after myocardial revascularization. Direct infusion of nitroglycerin into the vein graft is effective for the treatment of spasm, while diltiazem is useful in the prevention of coronary artery spasm incidental to myocardial revascularization.
authors.affiliation: Division of Cardiovascular Surgery and Cardiology, Toranomon Hospital, Tokyo, Japan.
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Fuse
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Makuuchi
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Konishi
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Nakanishi
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Nishiyama
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Nishimura
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Hosoda
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Yamaguchi
mesh_terms: D001026:Coronary Artery Bypass / Q000009:adverse effects*; D003329:Coronary Vasospasm / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000209:etiology* / Q000517:prevention & control; D004110:Diltiazem / Q000627:therapeutic use; D004562:Electrocardiography; D006801:Humans; D007431:Intraoperative Complications; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D005996:Nitroglycerin / Q000627:therapeutic use
chemical_list: D004110:Diltiazem; D005996:Nitroglycerin