title: Focal cerebral ischemia: reduction in size of infarcts by ventriculo-subarachnoid perfusion with fluorocarbon emulsion.
abstract: A new method for brain resuscitation following acute focal ischemic insult has been developed in this laboratory. The technique utilizes a surrogate route to supply cerebral metabolites and employs highly oxygenated fluorocarbons (OFNS), which are efficient gas transport and exchange agents, perfused through the ventriculo-subarachnoid spaces. We previously described a return of aerobic metabolism and EEG after severe global ischemia by oxygenated perfusions and now report treatment-induced reduction in the size of experienced cerebral infarction. Twenty-eight cats were anesthetized (choralose and urethane), tracheotomized and placed in a stereotactic frame. Physiologic adjustments assured arterial blood pCO2 28-35 Torr, pO2 100-150 Torr pH 7.4 and glucose less than 200 mg%. The left middle cerebral artery was exposed transorbitally and temporarily clipped along with both common carotids for 2 h. One hour later (3 h after ischemic onset) the treated group were perfused by the ventriculo-cisternal route either with OFNS [pO2 = 600 Torr; 3 ml/min 6 h, 2 ml/min 2 h, 1 ml/min 2 h, 0.5 ml/min 2 h at 10 mm Hg intracranial pressure (ICP)] or with the vehicle perfusate. Eighteen to twenty hours after the ischemic insult the animals were sacrificed. Sections of fresh brain of 0.5 mm thickness were incubated in 1% triphenyl tetrazolium chloride. The infarcted areas were confirmed with classic neuropathologic techniques. Areas of infarction (expressed in cm3 and as % of the brain) were measured using a planimeter. OFNS-treated brains contained 80% less infarcted tissue than the vehicle-perfused or untreated stroked animals. The infarcted areas were significantly treatment reduced (P less than 0.05 ANOVA and Bonferroni tests).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Bose
authors.forename: J L
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Osterholm
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Triolo
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002545:Brain Ischemia / Q000628:therapy*; D002415:Cats; D002552:Cerebral Ventricles; D004655:Emulsions; D005466:Fluorocarbons / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D010100:Oxygen / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D010477:Perfusion; D013346:Subarachnoid Space
chemical_list: D004655:Emulsions; D005466:Fluorocarbons; D010100:Oxygen