title: Effects of a low saturated fat, low cholesterol fish oil supplement in hypertriglyceridemic patients. A placebo-controlled trial.
abstract: OBJECTIVE
  To determine the effects of fish oil supplements low in saturated fat and cholesterol on plasma lipid and lipoprotein levels in hypertriglyceridemic patients.
  
  
  METHODS
  Single-blind, placebo-controlled (safflower oil), crossover trial with 6-week treatment periods.
  
  
  METHODS
  Outpatient lipid clinic in a university medical center.
  
  
  METHODS
  Eleven adult patients had isolated hypertriglyceridemia (type IV) and seven had concomitant hypercholesterolemia (Type IIb).
  
  
  METHODS
  Twelve 1-g capsules of either fish oil or placebo (safflower oil) were taken daily during each treatment period.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Blood was drawn at the fifth and sixth week of each period and analyzed for total lipids; cholesterol in very low, low (LDL), and high density (HDL) lipoproteins (mmol/L); and apoprotein B (mg/dL). Compared with the placebo, fish oil lowered plasma triglyceride levels (4.0 +/- 1.8 to 2.5 +/- 1.0), and raised LDL cholesterol levels (3.7 +/- 1.75 to 4.25 +/- 0.85), apolipoprotein B levels (122 +/- 29 to 140 +/- 34), and the ratio of LDL cholesterol to HDL cholesterol (4.0 +/- 0.9 to 4.7 +/- 1.4) (P less than 0.05; mean +/- SD). No significant changes were seen in levels of HDL or HDL cholesterol subfractions. Similar responses were seen in patients with both type IIb and IV lipoprotein phenotypes.
  
  
  CONCLUSIONS
  Because the fish oil supplement contributed negligible amounts of cholesterol and saturated fat to the diet, the n-3 fatty acids most likely caused the observed effects. These findings indicate that relatively small amounts of fish oil can have beneficial effects on plasma triglyceride levels in hypertriglyceridemic patients, but the increase in LDL cholesterol and apoprotein B levels, and in the LDL cholesterol to HDL cholesterol ratio suggests the need for careful monitoring of plasma lipoprotein changes during fish oil supplementation, and for a careful evaluation of their long-term benefits.
authors.affiliation: University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City.
authors.forename: W S
authors.initials: WS
authors.lastname: Harris
authors.forename: C A
authors.initials: CA
authors.lastname: Dujovne
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Zucker
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Johnson
mesh_terms: D001055:Apolipoproteins B / Q000097:blood; D002784:Cholesterol / Q000097:blood; D008076:Cholesterol, HDL / Q000097:blood; D008078:Cholesterol, LDL / Q000097:blood; D015243:Cholesterol, VLDL; D005231:Fatty Acids, Unsaturated / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D005260:Female; D005395:Fish Oils / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D006801:Humans; D006938:Hyperlipoproteinemia Type II / Q000188:drug therapy*; D006953:Hyperlipoproteinemia Type IV / Q000188:drug therapy*; D008079:Lipoproteins, VLDL / Q000097:blood; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D014280:Triglycerides / Q000097:blood
chemical_list: D001055:Apolipoproteins B; D008076:Cholesterol, HDL; D008078:Cholesterol, LDL; D015243:Cholesterol, VLDL; D005231:Fatty Acids, Unsaturated; D005395:Fish Oils; D008079:Lipoproteins, VLDL; C056974:SuperEPA; D014280:Triglycerides; D002784:Cholesterol