title: Mycotoxin interactions in poultry and swine.
abstract: Mycotoxins are toxic compounds produced by fungi. When one mycotoxin is detected, one should suspect that others also are present in a contaminated feed ingredient or finished feeds. The toxicity and clinical signs of observed in animals when more than one mycotoxin is present in feed are complex and diverse. Some mycotoxins, such as the combination of aflatoxin with either ochratoxin A or T-2 toxin, interact to produce synergistic toxicity in broiler chicks. The effects observed during multiple mycotoxin exposure can differ greatly from the effects observed in animals exposed to a single mycotoxin. For example, fatty livers in poultry are used for presumptive diagnostic identification of aflatoxicosis. However, simultaneous presence of ochratoxin A prevents fatty livers. Of the mycotoxin combinations that have been investigated in poultry and swine, the aflatoxin + ochratoxin A and aflatoxin + T-2 toxin interactions appear to be the most toxic.
authors.affiliation: Vet. Toxicol. and Entomol. Res. Lab., U.S. Department of Agriculture College Station, TX 77841.
authors.forename: W E
authors.initials: WE
authors.lastname: Huff
authors.forename: L F
authors.initials: LF
authors.lastname: Kubena
authors.forename: R B
authors.initials: RB
authors.lastname: Harvey
authors.forename: J A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Doerr
mesh_terms: D000348:Aflatoxins / Q000633:toxicity; D000818:Animals; D001835:Body Weight; D002645:Chickens / Q000502:physiology*; D002953:Citrinin / Q000633:toxicity; D004347:Drug Interactions; D009183:Mycotoxins / Q000633:toxicity*; D009793:Ochratoxins / Q000633:toxicity*; D013552:Swine / Q000502:physiology*; D013605:T-2 Toxin / Q000633:toxicity; D014255:Trichothecenes / Q000633:toxicity
chemical_list: D000348:Aflatoxins; D009183:Mycotoxins; D009793:Ochratoxins; D014255:Trichothecenes; C025589:ochratoxin A; D002953:Citrinin; D013605:T-2 Toxin; C007262:deoxynivalenol