title: Relationship of mandibular anterior tooth apices to genial muscle attachments.
abstract: Ten adult midsagittally sectioned cadaver heads were used to measure the distance between the apex of the central incisor or canine teeth and the attachment of the genioglossus or geniohyoid muscles. Measurements were made on both cadaver specimens and radiographs. The results of the two methods showed no statistically significant difference. The results indicate that there is a relatively small chance (5.6%) of including the genioglossus attachment in the lingual pedicle if an anterior mandibular subapical osteotomy is positioned 3 to 5 mm below the incisor apex but a large chance (65%) of including the genioglossus muscle when the osteotomy procedure includes the canine teeth.
authors.affiliation: University of Texas Health Science Center at Dallas Center for Correction of Dentofacial Deformities.
authors.forename: X
authors.initials: X
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: W H
authors.initials: WH
authors.lastname: Bell
authors.forename: P W
authors.initials: PW
authors.lastname: Washko
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D002508:Cephalometry; D002680:Chin; D003481:Cuspid / Q000033:anatomy & histology* / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D005152:Facial Muscles / Q000033:anatomy & histology* / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D006801:Humans; D007180:Incisor / Q000033:anatomy & histology* / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D008334:Mandible / Q000033:anatomy & histology / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D011859:Radiography; D014092:Tooth Root / Q000033:anatomy & histology* / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging