title: Hereditary whispering dysphonia.
abstract: An Australian family group is described where at least twenty members have inherited torsion dystonia and two siblings with an affected mother have similar clinical manifestations, but have also the biochemical and pathological changes found in Wilson's disease. Whispering dysphonia was the commonest presenting symptom, and a diagnosis of hysteria was invariably made if the family history was not known. This group emphasises the enormously varied ways in which torsion dystonia may be manifested in one family, and raises the possibility of a disturbance in copper transport in diseases of the basal ganglia other than Wilson's disease.
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Parker
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D001315:Australia; D010244:Bulbar Palsy, Progressive / Q000235:genetics; D002648:Child; D004422:Dystonia Musculorum Deformans / Q000235:genetics; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006527:Hepatolenticular Degeneration / Q000235:genetics; D006801:Humans; D006816:Huntington Disease / Q000235:genetics; D008607:Intellectual Disability / Q000235:genetics; D008297:Male; D010375:Pedigree; D014103:Torticollis / Q000235:genetics; D014832:Voice Disorders / Q000235:genetics*