title: Vitamin nutrition in patients with chronic renal failure and dietary manipulation.
abstract: (1) Vitamin abnormalities in patients with CRF are frequent and appear early even with mild renal failure; (2) early supplementation with water-soluble vitamins should be given to patients on low-protein diets--the amount of the supplementation, however, remains to be determined; (3) fat-soluble vitamin supplements (A and E) should be avoided and their dietary intake limited, and (4) it is obvious that vitamin nutrition in patients with CRF requires further investigation.
authors.affiliation: Division of Nephrology, S. Carlo Hospital, Milan, Italy.
authors.forename: M G
authors.initials: MG
authors.lastname: Gentile
authors.forename: G M
authors.initials: GM
authors.lastname: Manna
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: D'Amico
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Testolin
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Porrini
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Simonetti
mesh_terms: D004044:Dietary Proteins / Q000008:administration & dosage; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007676:Kidney Failure, Chronic / Q000178:diet therapy / Q000378:metabolism*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009751:Nutritional Requirements; D012177:Retinol-Binding Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D012256:Riboflavin / Q000378:metabolism; D013831:Thiamine / Q000378:metabolism; D014801:Vitamin A / Q000378:metabolism; D014810:Vitamin E / Q000378:metabolism; D014815:Vitamins / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D004044:Dietary Proteins; D012177:Retinol-Binding Proteins; D014815:Vitamins; D014801:Vitamin A; D014810:Vitamin E; D012256:Riboflavin; D013831:Thiamine