title: Formation of similar species to carbon monoxide during hepatic microsomal metabolism of cannabidiol on the basis of spectral interaction with cytochrome P-450.
abstract: Cannabidiol induced a carbon monoxide-like complex with mouse hepatic microsomal cytochrome P-450 during NADPH-dependent metabolism in vitro on a spectral basis. The reduction by dithionite was required for the maximal development of a spectrum. The complex showed a peak at 450 nm which shifted to 419 or 423 nm, respectively, by further addition of hemoglobin or myoglobin. Cannabidiol-induced complex formation required molecular oxygen, and was decreased by the addition of inhibitors of cytochrome P-450-dependent monoxygenase. Pretreatment of mice with phenobarbital (80 or 100 mg/kg, i.p. for 3 days) but not 3-methylcholanthrene (80 mg/kg, i.p.) increased the complex formation. In contrast, pretreatment with cobaltous chloride (40 mg/kg, i.p. for 3 days) decreased the complex formation. 8,9-Dihydro- and 1,2,8,9-tetrahydrocannabidiols also induced the same spectrum as that of above complex, whereas cannabidiol monomethyl- and dimethylethers reduced this ability. In addition, both cannabidivarin and cannabigerol induced the complex formation, although delta 9-tetrahydrocannabinol, cannabinol and cannabielsoin did not. Olivetol but not d-limonene induced the spectrum of the complex to some extent. These results indicate that cannabidiol induces a carbon monoxide-like complex with cytochrome P-450 during hepatic microsomal metabolism, and suggest that phenobarbital-inducible cytochrome P-450s mediate at least one of the metabolic steps of CBD to form the complex, as well as the importance of the resorcinol moiety of CBD for the complex formation.
authors.affiliation: Department of Hygienic Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Hokuriku University, Kanazawa, Japan.
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Watanabe
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Narimatsu
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Gohda
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Yamamoto
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Yoshimura
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002185:Cannabidiol / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000378:metabolism*; D002186:Cannabinoids / Q000378:metabolism*; D002248:Carbon Monoxide / Q000378:metabolism*; D003577:Cytochrome P-450 Enzyme System / Q000378:metabolism*; D004227:Dithionite / Q000378:metabolism; D006863:Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; D051379:Mice; D008862:Microsomes, Liver / Q000378:metabolism*; D009243:NAD / Q000378:metabolism; D009249:NADP / Q000378:metabolism; D010100:Oxygen / Q000378:metabolism; D013057:Spectrum Analysis; D013329:Structure-Activity Relationship; D013696:Temperature
chemical_list: D002186:Cannabinoids; D009243:NAD; D004227:Dithionite; D002185:Cannabidiol; D009249:NADP; D002248:Carbon Monoxide; D003577:Cytochrome P-450 Enzyme System; D010100:Oxygen