title: Identification of highly conserved regulatory domains and protein-binding sites in the promoters of the rat and human genes encoding the stress-inducible 78-kilodalton glucose-regulated protein.
abstract: The gene encoding GRP78 has been shown to be constitutively expressed in many cell types and is inducible by the calcium ionophore A23187. To understand the regulation of GRP78 transcription, we analyzed the components that control its basal-level expression. By transfecting deletions into cells, we have identified a 54-nucleotide cis-acting regulatory element important for high basal-level expression and a contiguous 50-nucleotide element for both basal-level expression and A23187 induction. Using DNase footprinting assays with both rat and human GRP78 promoters, we demonstrated that the protein factors present in the HeLa cell nuclear extracts bind to the regulatory regions identified by the deletion studies. This domain contains a palindromic sequence and is highly conserved among GRP genes in Caenorhabditis elegans, chicks, rats, and humans.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry, University of Southern California, School of Medicine, Los Angeles 90033.
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Resendez
authors.forename: S K
authors.initials: SK
authors.lastname: Wooden
authors.forename: A S
authors.initials: AS
authors.lastname: Lee
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001483:Base Sequence; D001665:Binding Sites; D004252:DNA Mutational Analysis; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D000091342:Endoplasmic Reticulum Chaperone BiP; D018840:HSP70 Heat-Shock Proteins; D006367:HeLa Cells; D006360:Heat-Shock Proteins / Q000235:genetics*; D008565:Membrane Proteins / Q000235:genetics*; D051379:Mice; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D011401:Promoter Regions, Genetic; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000235:genetics; D051381:Rats; D012045:Regulatory Sequences, Nucleic Acid; D012689:Sequence Homology, Nucleic Acid; D014158:Transcription, Genetic
chemical_list: D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins; D000091342:Endoplasmic Reticulum Chaperone BiP; D018840:HSP70 Heat-Shock Proteins; C000717247:HSPA5 protein, human; D006360:Heat-Shock Proteins; C000717248:Hspa5 protein, mouse; D008565:Membrane Proteins; D012333:RNA, Messenger; C018551:glucose-regulated proteins