title: Management of isoimmunized pregnancy by use of intravascular techniques.
abstract: Twenty-two patients who had 23 pregnancies complicated by isoimmunization were managed by the use of intravascular methods on an outpatient basis. Nine patients underwent 30 percutaneous fetal blood sampling procedures to determine fetal blood type or hematocrit, without complication. Thirteen patients underwent 45 intrauterine fetal transfusions via the umbilical vessels and 16 intraperitoneal fetal transfusions. The overall survival rate in this series was 85.7%. Survival among fetuses that were hydropic at initial evaluation was 83.3%. The procedure-related perinatal mortality rate for intravascular intrauterine transfusions was 2.2%. Knowledge of fetal blood type and hematocrit allowed treatment individualized to the specific needs of each patient. In particular, the ability to transfuse blood directly into the vascular system of the hydropic fetus proved to be lifesaving in those patients.
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115.
authors.forename: V A
authors.initials: VA
authors.lastname: Barss
authors.forename: B R
authors.initials: BR
authors.lastname: Benacerraf
authors.forename: F D
authors.initials: FD
authors.lastname: Frigoletto
authors.forename: M F
authors.initials: MF
authors.lastname: Greene
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Penso
authors.forename: D H
authors.initials: DH
authors.lastname: Saltzman
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Nadel
authors.forename: L J
authors.initials: LJ
authors.lastname: Heffner
authors.forename: J E
authors.initials: JE
authors.lastname: Scherl
authors.forename: P M
authors.initials: PM
authors.lastname: Doubilet
mesh_terms: D001788:Blood Grouping and Crossmatching; D001805:Blood Transfusion, Intrauterine / Q000379:methods*; D004899:Erythroblastosis, Fetal / Q000150:complications / Q000628:therapy*; D005260:Female; D005312:Fetal Blood / Q000032:analysis; D006400:Hematocrit; D006801:Humans; D015160:Hydrops Fetalis / Q000209:etiology; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D011247:Pregnancy