A comparison of self-reported symptoms and DSM-III-R criteria for cocaine withdrawal.
The frequencies of 15 self-reported symptoms of cocaine withdrawal were compared in 75 subjects to the symptoms listed as criteria by DSM-III and DSM-III-R for either amphetamine or cocaine withdrawal. Three of the four most frequently reported symptoms, depression (75%), sleep disturbance (71%), and fatigue (69%), corresponded to DSM-III and DSM-III-R criteria. The only other DSM-III symptom, increased dreaming (33%), was infrequently reported, lending support to its deletion by DSM-III-R. Physical withdrawal symptoms, which are generally unappreciated in cocaine withdrawal, were reported by 64% of the sample. Neither the DSM-III criteria nor the new DSM-III-R criteria include other frequent symptoms which might contribute to relapse and impaired functioning, such as craving (69%), apathy/amotivation (67%), and restlessness (64%). Thus, these criteria may be too narrowly defined for treatment purposes.
Brower
K J
KJ
University of Michigan Alcohol Program, Department of Psychiatry, Ann Arbor 48109.
Maddahian
E
E
Blow
F C
FC
Beresford
T P
TP
D003042:Cocaine / Q000009:adverse effects*; D003863:Depression / Q000209:etiology; D004325:Dreams; D005221:Fatigue / Q000209:etiology; D006801:Humans; D012893:Sleep Wake Disorders / Q000209:etiology; D013375:Substance Withdrawal Syndrome; D019966:Substance-Related Disorders
D003042:Cocaine