title: Cardiopulmonary effects of a ketamine/acepromazine combination in hypovolemic cats.
abstract: The cardiopulmonary effects of a ketamine/ acepromazine combination was studied in ten cats subjected to a 25% whole blood volume loss. Test parameters included cardiac output, measured via thermodilution, heart rate, respiratory rate, arterial blood pressure (systolic, diastolic and mean) and blood gas analysis. Values for cardiac index, stroke volume and systemic vascular resistance were calculated from these data. Posthemorrhage, cardiac output, cardiac index, stroke volume, heart rate and measurements of arterial blood pressure were significantly decreased (p less than 0.05). Following the induction of ketamine/ acepromazine anesthesia, cardiac output, cardiac index, stroke volume and heart rate showed mild but statistically insignificant declines and were above their respective posthemorrhage values 120 min into ketamine/ acepromazine anesthesia. Measurements of arterial blood pressure showed further declines from their respective posthemorrhage values that were statistically significant (p less than 0.05). Following hemorrhage, respiratory rate increased significantly (p less than 0.05), associated with a fall in arterial CO2 tension. During ketamine/ acepromazine anesthesia, respiratory rate showed a dramatic and significant decline (p less than 0.05) with arterial CO2 tension rising to prehemorrhage values. Systemic vascular resistance, arterial O2 tension and pH remained essentially unchanged throughout the experimental period.
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Studies, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph.
authors.forename: W
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Ingwersen
authors.forename: D G
authors.initials: DG
authors.lastname: Allen
authors.forename: D H
authors.initials: DH
authors.lastname: Dyson
authors.forename: W D
authors.initials: WD
authors.lastname: Black
authors.forename: M T
authors.initials: MT
authors.lastname: Goldberg
authors.forename: A E
authors.initials: AE
authors.lastname: Valliant
mesh_terms: D000075:Acepromazine / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000818:Animals; D001810:Blood Volume; D002415:Cats / Q000502:physiology*; D004338:Drug Combinations; D005260:Female; D006321:Heart / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000502:physiology; D006470:Hemorrhage / Q000097:blood / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000662:veterinary*; D007273:Injections, Intramuscular; D007649:Ketamine / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology*; D008297:Male; D012119:Respiration / Q000187:drug effects*
chemical_list: D004338:Drug Combinations; D000075:Acepromazine; D007649:Ketamine