title: Tissue-specific and steroid-dependent interaction of transcription factors with the oestrogen-inducible apoVLDL II promoter in vivo.
abstract: Using in vivo dimethylsulphate footprinting, we have analysed protein--DNA interactions within the promoter region of the oestrogen-inducible gene encoding chicken apo very low density lipoprotein II (apoVLDL II). Most of the guanosine--protein contacts found, are located within the 230-bp DNA 5' flanking the gene and can be grouped into separate protein-binding sites. Two of these sites resemble the oestrogen-responsive element (ERE) which is the target site for the oestrogen receptor. A third site has some features in common with the chicken ovalbumin upstream promoter element binding the COUP transcription factor. All protein contacts identified are present in the apoVLDL-II-expressing liver exclusively, and are not found in the hormone-naive liver, in erythrocytes or the oviduct tubular gland. Our results demonstrate the binding in vivo of a protein, presumably the oestrogen receptor, to the ERE and suggest that the hormone activates transcription by establishing a transcription complex comprising several factors at the apoVLDL II promoter.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry, Groningen University, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Wijnholds
authors.forename: J N
authors.initials: JN
authors.lastname: Philipsen
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Ab
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001053:Apolipoproteins / Q000235:genetics*; D001483:Base Sequence; D002645:Chickens; D002874:Chromosome Mapping; D004247:DNA / Q000235:genetics*; D004967:Estrogens / Q000494:pharmacology*; D005260:Female; D008079:Lipoproteins, VLDL / Q000235:genetics*; D008099:Liver / Q000378:metabolism; D008297:Male; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D009153:Mutagens / Q000494:pharmacology; D011401:Promoter Regions, Genetic; D011506:Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D013463:Sulfuric Acid Esters / Q000494:pharmacology; D014157:Transcription Factors / Q000235:genetics*
chemical_list: D001053:Apolipoproteins; D004967:Estrogens; D008079:Lipoproteins, VLDL; D009153:Mutagens; D011506:Proteins; D013463:Sulfuric Acid Esters; D014157:Transcription Factors; C027610:apolipoprotein VLDL II; D004247:DNA; C007482:dimethyl sulfate