title: Microplate assay analysis of reduced fenitrothion susceptibility in Haitian Anopheles albimanus.
abstract: Reduced fenitrothion susceptibility in Haitian Anopheles albimanus is documented using time/mortality measurements from otherwise standard World Health Organization (WHO) bioassays. Survival beyond a time threshold in bioassays is shown to be highly correlated with elevated non-specific esterase levels. A shift in resistance incidence from less than 20 to over 60% in a six-month period is documented using both the bioassay and microassay procedures, showing the potential of microplate assay methods in early detection of resistance. Conventional 24-hour reading of WHO bioassay data failed to detect resistance until the level reached 60%. Resistance appeared to be focal, with an increase in intensity coinciding with a fenitrothion spray cycle for malaria control.
authors.affiliation: Division of Parasitic Diseases, Centers for Disease Control, Atlanta, GA 30333.
authors.forename: W G
authors.initials: WG
authors.lastname: Brogdon
authors.forename: J H
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Hobbs
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: St Jean
authors.forename: J R
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: Jacques
authors.forename: L B
authors.initials: LB
authors.lastname: Charles
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000852:Anopheles; D001681:Biological Assay; D004351:Drug Resistance; D005278:Fenitrothion; D006205:Haiti
chemical_list: D005278:Fenitrothion