title: Methods used to improve gamete efficiency.
abstract: Male factor infertility accounts for a significant percentage of problems in infertile couples. With clinical utilization of the technologies for selection of good-quality spermatozoa from the ejaculate, our ability to successfully treat the severely affected male factor couple has improved. However, it must be remembered that even with current technologies, fertilization success is reduced in these patients but remains above a 50% level. Other factors that can be used in the future to improve on these statistics are being investigated in regard to the in vitro environment for gametes, that is, the type of culture medium, the methods of coincubation of the sperm and egg, and other methods of enhancement of sperm fertilizing potential. However, methods of sperm preparation will achieve improvement in a percentage of these males treated, and can be used to improve fertilization and pregnancy success. It is important to understand the limitations of the zona-free hamster test, but it is also important to use that test as a screening method for sperm handling. By utilizing the SPA to select out the optimal method of sperm preparation, the fertilization and pregnancy outcome can be improved. Overall, the live-birth rate in male factor infertile couples is lower than non-male-factor couples treated by IVF and GIFT. Until more is known about basic spermatozoal function, and the ability to improve that function in affected males, the live-birth rate should not be expected to change substantially.
authors.affiliation: Department of Reproductive Endocrinology and Infertility, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center/UCLA School of Medicine 90048.
authors.forename: R P
authors.initials: RP
authors.lastname: Marrs
authors.forename: P C
authors.initials: PC
authors.lastname: Serafini
authors.forename: J F
authors.initials: JF
authors.lastname: Kerin
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Batzofin
authors.forename: B A
authors.initials: BA
authors.lastname: Stone
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Brown
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Wilson
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Quinn
mesh_terms: D002469:Cell Separation / Q000379:methods; D005260:Female; D005307:Fertilization in Vitro / Q000379:methods*; D006801:Humans; D007248:Infertility, Male / Q000503:physiopathology; D008297:Male; D011247:Pregnancy; D011256:Pregnancy Outcome; D013081:Sperm Motility; D013084:Sperm-Ovum Interactions; D013094:Spermatozoa / Q000166:cytology*