title: DNA hyperploidy as a marker for biological response to bladder carcinogen exposure.
abstract: A marker for biological response to bladder carcinogen exposure was evaluated in a cross-sectional study of 504 workers at high risk due to a range of exposures to various carcinogenic aromatic amines, primarily 2-naphthylamine. A quantitative fluorescence cytology method using the DNA-binding dye, acridine orange, was employed to measure DNA in exfoliated urothelial cells. DNA hyperploidy (greater than 5 C) was observed in 16 (21.6%) of 74 workers who had been exposed compared with 15 (3.5%) of 430 workers who had not (p less than 0.001). The prevalence of DNA hyperploidy increased in a dose-response manner from 3.5% to 60% with increasing duration of exposure. The association between DNA hyperploidy and exposure persisted when adjustment was made for age and cigarette smoking (p = 0.0001). The prevalence of the marker was greatest for exposed workers who smoked (23%), and lowest for those who had no exposure and who had not smoked (2%). This study indicates that DNA hyperploidy can serve as a marker for identifying workers who are at increased risk in occupational groups exposed to bladder carcinogens.
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City 73190.
authors.forename: G P
authors.initials: GP
authors.lastname: Hemstreet
authors.forename: P A
authors.initials: PA
authors.lastname: Schulte
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Ringen
authors.forename: W
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Stringer
authors.forename: E B
authors.initials: EB
authors.lastname: Altekruse
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000367:Age Factors; D000368:Aged; D015415:Biomarkers / Q000032:analysis; D002274:Carcinogens, Environmental / Q000633:toxicity*; D004247:DNA / Q000032:analysis / Q000187:drug effects*; D004781:Environmental Exposure; D005453:Fluorescence; D006801:Humans; D008875:Middle Aged; D011003:Ploidies; D012907:Smoking / Q000009:adverse effects; D001749:Urinary Bladder Neoplasms / Q000139:chemically induced*
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D002274:Carcinogens, Environmental; D004247:DNA