In vivo footprinting of the estrogen-inducible vitellogenin II gene from chicken.
Protein-DNA interactions in the promoter region of the chicken vitellogenin II gene were analyzed by in vivo dimethylsulphate footprinting with expressing and non-expressing tissues. The reactivity of G-residues is essentially the same in erythrocytes, oviduct and control liver, not expressing the gene. In the expressing estrogen-induced liver we find a number of G-residues with altered reactivities. These G's are located within distinct sequences: the estrogen responsive elements, a sequence resembling the NF-1 recognition motive, and several elements which are conserved between yolk protein genes. The expression-dependent binding of proteins to these sites was confirmed by DNaseI footprinting applied to nuclei isolated from estrogen-induced and control liver. Estradiol appears to establish a transcription complex comprising a number of distinct proteins bound to different sites in the 5' flanking region of the vitellogenin II gene.
Philipsen
J N
JN
Department of Biochemistry, Groningen University, The Netherlands.
Hennis
B C
BC
Ab
G
G
D000818:Animals; D001483:Base Sequence; D002645:Chickens; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D004967:Estrogens; D005260:Female; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation / Q000187:drug effects*; D005796:Genes / Q000187:drug effects*; D006151:Guanosine / Q000378:metabolism; D008099:Liver / Q000378:metabolism; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D009710:Nucleotide Mapping; D014819:Vitellogenins / Q000235:genetics*
D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins; D004967:Estrogens; D014819:Vitellogenins; D006151:Guanosine