title: Conversion of IQ, a dietary pyrolysis carcinogen to a direct-acting mutagen by normal intestinal bacteria of humans.
abstract: The dietary carcinogen, 2-amino-3-methyl-3H-imidazo[4,5-f]quinoline (IQ) is mutagenic in the Salmonella/microsomal mutagenicity assay when activated by microsomal enzymes. IQ is found in many cooked foods, notably fried beef and pork. In laboratory rodents IQ is carcinogenic. We showed that mixed and pure cultures of human intestinal anaerobes, notably Eubacterium spp., metabolized IQ to 2-amino-3,6-dihydro-3-methyl-7H-imidazo[4,5-f]quinoline-7-one (HOIQ). Unlike IQ, both the synthetic and bacterially produced HOIQ were direct-acting mutagens, i.e. active without microsomal activation. This new direct-acting mutagen, from the bacterial metabolism of a dietary pyrolysis carcinogen, raises new concerns about the possible role of this class of genotoxins in the etiology of human cancer.
authors.affiliation: Department of Anaerobic Microbiology, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg 24061.
authors.forename: R J
authors.initials: RJ
authors.lastname: Carman
authors.forename: R L
authors.initials: RL
authors.lastname: Van Tassell
authors.forename: D G
authors.initials: DG
authors.lastname: Kingston
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Bashir
authors.forename: T D
authors.initials: TD
authors.lastname: Wilkins
mesh_terms: D001711:Biotransformation; D002851:Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; D005051:Eubacterium / Q000378:metabolism*; D005243:Feces / Q000382:microbiology; D006801:Humans; D066298:In Vitro Techniques; D009152:Mutagenicity Tests; D009153:Mutagens; D011804:Quinolines / Q000378:metabolism / Q000633:toxicity*; D015363:Quinolones; D013056:Spectrophotometry, Ultraviolet
chemical_list: D009153:Mutagens; D011804:Quinolines; D015363:Quinolones; C057967:2-amino-3,6-dihydro-3-methyl-7H-imidazo(4,5-f)quinoline-7-one; C029216:2-amino-3-methylimidazo(4,5-f)quinoline