title: Citrate for regional anticoagulation. Effects on blood PO2, ammonia, and aluminum.
abstract: Infusion of citrate into the arterial line, followed by infusion of calcium into the venous line, has been used for regional anticoagulation during hemodialysis of patients with bleeding diatheses or heparin-induced antiplatelet antibodies. These patients are often hospitalized in intensive care units where the use of a sorbent regeneration dialysis system is convenient. In this study, the use of regional citrate anticoagulation during dialysis with a cuprophan dialyzer on a REDY dialysis machine was investigated in eight patients. The white blood cell count, arterial PO2, arterial and venous ammonia, and arterial, venous and dialysate aluminum were measured. Similar studies were carried out on four other patients undergoing dialysis with standard systemic heparin anticoagulation and cellulose acetate dialyzers. The white blood cell count was observed to decline moderately, reaching a nadir of 83.2% of control at 15 minutes. The PO2 was unchanged or increased. However, blood ammonia rose in four of five patients, with the venous value always exceeding the arterial value. In two patients, aluminum levels in blood increased as well, and in one patient, a marked increase was observed in dialysate, and venous and arterial blood, with the concentrations being highest in the dialysate. No such changes were observed in the patients anticoagulated with heparin. It was concluded that although citrate is a useful agent for regional anticoagulation, it should not be used in sorbent regeneration systems.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, Methodist Hospital, Houston, Texas.
authors.forename: W N
authors.initials: WN
authors.lastname: Suki
authors.forename: R D
authors.initials: RD
authors.lastname: Bonuelous
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Yocom
authors.forename: C A
authors.initials: CA
authors.lastname: Conlin
authors.forename: J E
authors.initials: JE
authors.lastname: Crater
authors.forename: L M
authors.initials: LM
authors.lastname: Silas
authors.forename: J A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Wright
authors.forename: C A
authors.initials: CA
authors.lastname: Kelly
mesh_terms: D000535:Aluminum / Q000032:analysis / Q000097:blood; D000641:Ammonia / Q000097:blood; D001777:Blood Coagulation / Q000187:drug effects*; D002118:Calcium / Q000627:therapeutic use; D002482:Cellulose / Q000031:analogs & derivatives; D002951:Citrates / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D015312:Hemodialysis Solutions / Q000032:analysis; D006474:Hemorrhagic Disorders / Q000188:drug therapy; D006493:Heparin / Q000627:therapeutic use; D006801:Humans; D007958:Leukocyte Count; D010100:Oxygen / Q000097:blood; D010313:Partial Pressure; D006435:Renal Dialysis / Q000379:methods*
chemical_list: D002951:Citrates; D015312:Hemodialysis Solutions; C005062:acetylcellulose; D000641:Ammonia; D002482:Cellulose; D006493:Heparin; D000535:Aluminum; D010100:Oxygen; D002118:Calcium