title: In vitro and in vivo N-acetylation of carcinogenic glutamic acid pyrolysis products in humans.
abstract: The carcinogenic glutamic acid pyrolysis products, 2-amino-6-methyldipyrido[1,2-a:3',2'-d]imidazole (Glu-P-1) and 2-aminodipyrido[1,2-a:3',2'-d]imidazole (Glu-P-2), and their N-acetyl derivatives have been demonstrated to be present in human urine, bile, liver and kidney. In vitro experiments have revealed that Glu-P-1 and Glu-P-2 are N-acetylated to form N-acetyl derivatives by the cytosolic fraction from a human autopsy liver specimen. From these results our data strongly suggest that Glu-P-1 and Glu-P-2 derived from everyday foods are partially N-acetylated in human organs and that they are excreted in bile and urine with their N-acetyl derivatives. Our data also provide the first reliable evidence that humans can metabolize the carcinogenic heterocyclic amines.
authors.affiliation: Department of Hygiene and Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tokyo, Japan.
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Kanai
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Manabe
authors.forename: O
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Wada
mesh_terms: D000107:Acetylation; D000328:Adult; D001646:Bile / Q000378:metabolism; D001711:Biotransformation; D002851:Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; D006801:Humans; D007093:Imidazoles / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000652:urine; D066298:In Vitro Techniques; D007668:Kidney / Q000378:metabolism; D008099:Liver / Q000378:metabolism; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009153:Mutagens / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000652:urine; D013057:Spectrum Analysis
chemical_list: D007093:Imidazoles; D009153:Mutagens; C023785:2-amino-6-methyldipyrido(1,2-a-3',2'-d)imidazole; C023847:Glu-P-2