title: Skin protection during external fixation frame pin insertion: an alternative method.
abstract: Local skin necrosis and pin tract infections are common sequelae following the application of external fixation skeletal frames. Drill guides are effective instruments that help to minimize these problems. Standard nasal speculums are readily available in most operating rooms and can also be used to protect skin and soft tissues during pin insertion.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor.
authors.forename: M S
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Fitzsimmons
authors.forename: F M
authors.initials: FM
authors.lastname: Hankin
authors.forename: M H
authors.initials: MH
authors.lastname: Falahee
mesh_terms: D001858:Bone Nails; D006801:Humans; D008722:Methods; D009984:Orthopedic Fixation Devices / Q000009:adverse effects; D011482:Protective Devices; D012867:Skin