title: Hepatotoxicity of gardenia yellow color in rats.
abstract: Acute toxicity by gardenia yellow color was studied in rats. Oral administration of the colorant at doses of 800 mg/kg up to 5000 mg/kg caused diarrhea and increases in serum alanine aminotransferase and aspartate aminotransferase activities in a dose-dependent manner. After 24 h of oral treatment with 2000 mg/kg of the colorant, liver showed partially hemorrhagic changes and the intestinal tract, especially the duodenum, appeared blue. The toxicity induced by the colorant was stronger by oral administration than by intraperitoneal administration. The content of geniposide, an iridoid compound, was estimated to be 28% of the colorant, and this iridoid accounted for almost all the hepatotoxic activity of the colorant.
authors.affiliation: Osaka City Institute of Public Health and Environmental Sciences, Japan.
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Yamano
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Tsujimoto
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Noda
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Shimizu
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Ohmori
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Morita
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Yamada
mesh_terms: D000284:Administration, Oral; D000410:Alanine Transaminase / Q000097:blood; D000818:Animals; D001219:Aspartate Aminotransferases / Q000097:blood; D004396:Coloring Agents / Q000633:toxicity*; D003967:Diarrhea / Q000139:chemically induced; D032062:Gardenia; D007274:Injections, Intraperitoneal; D039823:Iridoids; D008099:Liver / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000473:pathology; D008297:Male; D010936:Plant Extracts; D011714:Pyrans / Q000633:toxicity*; D051381:Rats; D011919:Rats, Inbred Strains
chemical_list: D004396:Coloring Agents; D039823:Iridoids; D010936:Plant Extracts; D011714:Pyrans; C007835:geniposide; D001219:Aspartate Aminotransferases; D000410:Alanine Transaminase; C057653:gardenia yellow