title: Gallbladder and bile duct stones: percutaneous therapy with primary MTBE dissolution and mechanical methods.
abstract: The authors describe percutaneous treatment of gallbladder or bile duct stones in 18 patients who were poor surgical candidates or in whom conventional therapy failed. Dissolution was performed in most cases with methyl tert-butyl ether (MTBE) because of its potent dissolution properties; other solvents used included monooctanoin or chelating solutions. Gallbladder stones were eliminated in 11 of 13 patients (six of seven with dissolution alone, four of four with dissolution and basket extraction, one with basket removal alone). In five patients with stones in the common bile duct (n = 3), cystic duct remnant (n = 1), and intrahepatic bile ducts (n = 1), stones were eliminated with dissolution alone in two and with dissolution plus basket extraction in one. In two patients percutaneous therapy failed due to complications (vagal hypotension with bile peritonitis and transient respiratory arrest) that occurred during catheter placement. Preliminary results suggest that MTBE is effective for dissolution of many gallbladder stones and some bile duct stones. Noncholesterol solvents and adjuvant mechanical maneuvers are valuable adjuncts to achieve complete stone elimination.
authors.affiliation: Department of Radiology, University of California San Diego Medical Center 92103.
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: vanSonnenberg
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Casola
authors.forename: S F
authors.initials: SF
authors.lastname: Zakko
authors.forename: R R
authors.initials: RR
authors.lastname: Varney
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Cox
authors.forename: G R
authors.initials: GR
authors.lastname: Wittich
authors.forename: A F
authors.initials: AF
authors.lastname: Hofmann
mesh_terms: D001649:Bile Duct Diseases / Q000628:therapy; D001653:Bile Ducts, Intrahepatic; D002210:Caprylates; D002614:Chelating Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D002769:Cholelithiasis / Q000628:therapy*; D004987:Ethers / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D005260:Female; D042882:Gallstones / Q000628:therapy; D005989:Glycerides / Q000627:therapeutic use; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008738:Methyl Ethers; D012997:Solvents / Q000627:therapeutic use*
chemical_list: D002210:Caprylates; D002614:Chelating Agents; D004987:Ethers; D005989:Glycerides; D008738:Methyl Ethers; D012997:Solvents; C043243:methyl tert-butyl ether; C025343:monooctanoin