title: The effects of a liquid dispersing agent and a microcrystalline additive on the physical properties of type IV gypsum.
abstract: This study evaluated the effects of a liquid dispersing agent (LDA) and a microcrystalline additive (MCA) on selected physical properties of type IV gypsum. Working consistency, setting time, setting expansion, and compressive strength (1 hour and 7 days) were determined, following ADA Specification No. 25, on a standard, LDA (0.5, 1, 1.5, and 2 mL), MCA (21.1, 24.1, and 27.1 gm), and combination (LDA 0.75 mL + MCA 12.05 gm) mixes per 300 gm of gypsum. Results indicate that the additives affect the consistency of the mix, but consistency can be kept close to that of the standard by lowering the water/powder ratio. Statistical analysis of the data indicated that the additives significantly affected the setting time, setting expansion, and both the 1-hour and the 7-day compressive strengths. SEM examination of fractured surfaces of test mixes indicated improved crystal packing. The properties of type IV gypsum can be improved by optimizing the amount of LDA and MCA additives.
authors.affiliation: Department of Restorative Dentistry, University of Baghdad, College of Dentistry, Iraq.
authors.forename: M R
authors.initials: MR
authors.lastname: Zakaria
authors.forename: W M
authors.initials: WM
authors.lastname: Johnston
authors.forename: M H
authors.initials: MH
authors.lastname: Reisbick
authors.forename: W V
authors.initials: WV
authors.lastname: Campagni
mesh_terms: D002133:Calcium Sulfate; D055598:Chemical Phenomena; D002627:Chemistry, Physical; D003460:Crystallization; D003734:Dental Casting Investment; D020366:Methylmethacrylate; D008768:Methylmethacrylates; D008855:Microscopy, Electron, Scanning; D013314:Stress, Mechanical; D013997:Time Factors; D014783:Viscosity
chemical_list: D003734:Dental Casting Investment; D008768:Methylmethacrylates; D020366:Methylmethacrylate; D002133:Calcium Sulfate