title: Structural effects of the topical lidocaine-prilocaine anesthetic Emla on the tympanic membrane.
abstract: A eutectic mixture of two anesthetic solutions is that of lidocaine and prilocaine, which is available commercially as Emla (eutectic mixture of local anesthetics). This solution is commonly used in clinics in superficial skin surgery and when inserting intravenous catheters, and we also wanted to determine its surface effects when applied onto the tympanic membranes (TM) of rats and guinea pigs as animal models. The animals were observed by otomicroscopy for 2 weeks up to 5 months after administrations of the anesthetic solution. Tissue specimens were then obtained for light microscopy and fine structural analysis. The application of Emla caused minor structural changes to the rat TM, but hardly any alterations to that of the guinea pig. The changes displayed were an overall increased thickness, with typical submucosal edema but only slight epithelial reaction. In comparison with previous results with lidocaine, phenol and Bonain's solution, Emla seemed to be harmless to the structure of the TM. However, the efficacy of Emla as a topical TM anesthetic remains to be proved in future clinical trials.
authors.affiliation: Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, University of Umeå, Sweden.
authors.forename: S H
authors.initials: SH
authors.lastname: Schmidt
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Hellström
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Anniko
mesh_terms: D000779:Anesthetics, Local / Q000633:toxicity*; D000818:Animals; D003094:Collagen / Q000648:ultrastructure; D004338:Drug Combinations / Q000633:toxicity; D004487:Edema / Q000139:chemically induced; D004848:Epithelium / Q000187:drug effects / Q000648:ultrastructure; D006168:Guinea Pigs; D008012:Lidocaine / Q000633:toxicity*; D000077442:Lidocaine, Prilocaine Drug Combination; D008297:Male; D011318:Prilocaine / Q000633:toxicity*; D051381:Rats; D011919:Rats, Inbred Strains; D014432:Tympanic Membrane / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000648:ultrastructure
chemical_list: D000779:Anesthetics, Local; D004338:Drug Combinations; D000077442:Lidocaine, Prilocaine Drug Combination; D011318:Prilocaine; D003094:Collagen; D008012:Lidocaine