title: Biologically motivated two-stage model for cancer risk assessment.
abstract: A model for carcinogenesis is presented that incorporates two features: (1) transition of target stem cells into cancer cells via an intermediate stage in two irreversible steps, and (2) growth and differentiation of normal target and intermediate cells. Implications of the model for initiation-promotion and environmental carcinogenesis are considered.
authors.affiliation: Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA 98104.
authors.forename: S H
authors.initials: SH
authors.lastname: Moolgavkar
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002273:Carcinogens; D002454:Cell Differentiation; D002471:Cell Transformation, Neoplastic; D004785:Environmental Pollutants / Q000633:toxicity; D006801:Humans; D008433:Mathematics; D008954:Models, Biological; D009374:Neoplasms, Experimental / Q000139:chemically induced*; D012307:Risk Factors
chemical_list: D002273:Carcinogens; D004785:Environmental Pollutants