title: Different structures in the amino-terminal domain of the ornithine transcarbamylase leader peptide are involved in mitochondrial import and carboxyl-terminal cleavage.
abstract: The cytoplasmic precursor of mitochondrial ornithine transcarbamylase (carbamoyl-phosphate:L-ornithine carbamoyltransferase, EC 2.1.3.2) contains an amino-terminal leader peptide of 32 amino acids. Secondary structure and helical-wheel analyses predict that the extreme amino-terminal domain (residues 1-15) forms an alpha-helix. To test this thesis, leucine residues at positions 2, 5, 8, and 9 were systematically replaced by either helix-breaking glycine residues or by helix-preserving alanine residues. Triple substitutions of glycine for leucine in positions 2, 5, and 9 or 5, 8, and 9 abolished the uptake of the rat precursor by intact mitochondria, whereas similar alanine substitutions had much less effect. Theoretical computations predicted that the decreased helical stability of the Gly-5,8,9 substitution could be significantly increased by replacing a serine in position with phenylalanine. The introduction of Phe-3, indeed, restored the mitochondrial uptake of the mutant precursor. These results lend strong support to the hypothesis that an alpha-helix is present at the leader's amino terminus during the import of the precursor by mitochondria. Although the precursors with the triply-substituted leaders were impaired with respect to import, they were still cleaved readily by a protease found in a mitochondrial matrix fraction. Substitution of glycine or alanine for all four leucine residues, however, rendered the leader uncleavable at the carboxyl-terminal cleavage site. These results suggest that the structure of the amino-terminal domain is important for recognition of the carboxyl-terminal cleavage sites by the matrix proteases.
authors.affiliation: Department of Human Genetics, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510.
authors.forename: J P
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Kraus
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Novotný
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Kalousek
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Swaroop
authors.forename: L E
authors.initials: LE
authors.lastname: Rosenberg
mesh_terms: D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D000818:Animals; D005998:Glycine; D007930:Leucine; D008930:Mitochondria, Liver / Q000201:enzymology*; D008969:Molecular Sequence Data; D009154:Mutation; D009954:Ornithine Carbamoyltransferase / Q000235:genetics*; D014176:Protein Biosynthesis; D011499:Protein Processing, Post-Translational; D021382:Protein Sorting Signals / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism*; D051381:Rats; D014158:Transcription, Genetic
chemical_list: D021382:Protein Sorting Signals; D009954:Ornithine Carbamoyltransferase; D007930:Leucine; D005998:Glycine