title: Marijuana-laced brownies: behavioral effects, physiologic effects, and urinalysis in humans following ingestion.
abstract: Five drug-free male subjects ingested marijuana-laced brownies in a double-blind crossover study designed to test for behavioral effects, physiologic effects, and urinary cannabinoid metabolites produced as a result of consumption of marijuana plant material cooked in foodstuff. On three separate occasions, each subject consumed two brownies which contained 1.6 g of marijuana plant material. Placebo marijuana plant material (0% THC) was mixed with marijuana plant material (2.8% THC) so that each subject ingested equivalent marijuana plant material of 0, 1, and 2 marijuana cigarettes (2.8% THC). Subjects scored significantly higher on behavioral measures after consumption of brownies containing THC than with placebo; however, the effects were slow to appear and variable. Peak effects occurred 2.5 to 3.5 h after dosing. Modest changes in pulse and blood pressure also were noted. Urinalyses by EMIT d.a.u. assay and Abuscreen RIA for cannabinoids and GC/MS assay for THCCOOH indicated that substantial amounts of marijuana-related metabolites were excreted over a period of 3 to 14 days. No positives were produced as a result of ingestion of placebo brownies.
authors.affiliation: National Institute on Drug Abuse, Addiction Research Center, Baltimore, Maryland 21224.
authors.forename: E J
authors.initials: EJ
authors.lastname: Cone
authors.forename: R E
authors.initials: RE
authors.lastname: Johnson
authors.forename: B D
authors.initials: BD
authors.lastname: Paul
authors.forename: L D
authors.initials: LD
authors.lastname: Mell
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Mitchell
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001519:Behavior / Q000187:drug effects*; D001794:Blood Pressure / Q000187:drug effects; D002186:Cannabinoids / Q000652:urine*; D002188:Cannabis; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D005502:Food; D008401:Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008385:Marijuana Smoking; D011863:Radioimmunoassay; D011897:Random Allocation
chemical_list: D002186:Cannabinoids