title: S-100 protein in cerebrospinal fluid of patients with subarachnoid haemorrhage: a potential marker of brain damage.
abstract: Concentrations of S-100 protein in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) were measured by a recently developed radioimmunoassay (RIA) in 45 patients with subarachnoid haemorrhage (SAH), 44 with verified ruptured aneurysm. In each of 43 patients 2-15 serial CSF samples were analysed, and in the remainder 1 sample was examined. The concentrations of S-100 protein proved to be related to the brain damage caused by the SAH, indexed as outcome (Glasgow Outcome Scale). The S-100 concentrations were related to the severity of the haemorrhage and to the development of delayed ischaemic deterioration. Delayed ischaemic deterioration (vasospasm) was usually accompanied by an increase in CSF S-100 concentration after 4 days. Patients in whom no S-100 value exceeded 20 ng S-100 per ml during the course of the disease had a favourable outcome, whereas patients in whom one or several CSF samples contained more than 100 ng/ml became severely disabled or vegetative or died. The present study suggests that CSF S-100 analysis may be used as an objective and early measure of the degree of brain damage sustained by the SAH patient.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurosurgery, University Hospital, Uppsala, Sweden.
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Persson
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Hårdemark
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Edner
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Ronne
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Mendel-Hartvig
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Påhlman
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D002545:Brain Ischemia / Q000134:cerebrospinal fluid* / Q000209:etiology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011863:Radioimmunoassay; D009418:S100 Proteins / Q000134:cerebrospinal fluid*; D013345:Subarachnoid Hemorrhage / Q000134:cerebrospinal fluid* / Q000150:complications
chemical_list: D009418:S100 Proteins