In vitro mutagenicity of water contaminants in complex mixtures.
Trihalomethanes, Carbon tetrachloride and trichloroethylene were tested in single, binary and multi-complex mixtures using standard tester strains TA1535, TA1537, TA98 and TA100 of Salmonella typhimurium with and without addition of an in vitro metabolizing fraction S-9. Chloroform (CHCl3) was found to be mutagenic in all strains without S-9 activation. However, when tested with Bromoform (15%), which was nonmutagenic singly, the combined effect of the mixture was nonmutagenic. CCl4 was a direct mutagen (without S-9) in all strains except TA 1535. When combined with 85% CHCl3, only strains TA1535 and TA1537 were mutagenic. When tested with mammalian activation (S-9), CCl4 was mutagenic in all strains. However, when tested with CHCl3 (CHCl3 and CCl4-85:15), the mutagenic capability was lost. With or without S-9 Activation multi-complex mixture of CHCl3, CCl4 and TCE (85:8:7) was mutagenic for a narrow range of doses in all strains.
Varma
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Department of Civil Engineering, Howard University, Washington, DC 20059.
Ampy
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Verma
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Talbot
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D002251:Carbon Tetrachloride / Q000633:toxicity; D002725:Chloroform / Q000633:toxicity; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D006846:Hydrocarbons, Halogenated / Q000633:toxicity; D066298:In Vitro Techniques; D009152:Mutagenicity Tests; D014241:Trichloroethylene / Q000633:toxicity; D022882:Trihalomethanes; D014873:Water Pollutants / Q000633:toxicity*; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical / Q000633:toxicity*
D006846:Hydrocarbons, Halogenated; D022882:Trihalomethanes; D014873:Water Pollutants; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical; D014241:Trichloroethylene; C032707:chlorodibromomethane; D002725:Chloroform; D002251:Carbon Tetrachloride