title: Effects of cyclophosphamide and a metabolite, acrolein, on Naegleria fowleri in vitro and in vivo.
abstract: Mice challenged intranasally with Naegleria fowleri died of primary amoebic meningoencephalitis. Mice given 30 mg of cyclophosphamide per kg of body weight daily for 10 days starting 2 days before challenge were protected. Neither cyclophosphamide nor serum from cyclophosphamide-treated mice inhibited N. fowleri in vitro. A metabolic product of cyclophosphamide, acrolein, inhibited growth and enflagellation of N. fowleri. Acrolein at 40 microM was amoebicidal. Acrolein injured starved cells and amoebae at 5 degrees C and growing N. fowleri.
authors.affiliation: Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond 23298-0110.
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Zhang
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Marciano-Cabral
authors.forename: S G
authors.initials: SG
authors.lastname: Bradley
mesh_terms: D000171:Acrolein / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000447:Aldehydes / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000562:Amebiasis / Q000188:drug therapy; D000818:Animals; D003520:Cyclophosphamide / Q000494:pharmacology*; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D008590:Meningoencephalitis / Q000188:drug therapy; D051379:Mice; D009253:Naegleria / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000254:growth & development; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D000447:Aldehydes; D000171:Acrolein; D003520:Cyclophosphamide