title: Training to vasodilate in a cooling environment: a valid treatment for Raynaud's phenomenon?
abstract: While many reports indicate that voluntary modification of skin temperature is possible and may be useful in the treatment of Raynaud's phenomenon, little attention has been paid to the ecological validity of training skin temperature increases when a considerable amount of vasodilation of digital vessels may already exist (room temperature, 22-24 degrees C). Patients with Raynaud's vasospastic attacks may benefit from learning to avoid attacks when they are impending by voluntarily vasodilating the vessels of their digits under conditions when vasoconstriction has begun. The results in 14 patients with primary and secondary Raynaud's phenomenon indicated that (a) patients learned to voluntarily increase digital skin temperatures in a "cooling" environment during documented vasoconstriction, and (b) there was a 31% decrease in the occurrence of vasospastic attacks following such learning. These data suggest that a new methodology may be useful in the biofeedback treatment of Raynaud's phenomenon, but further research is needed to determine the specific mechanism(s) involved, and the limits to its usefulness.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Stambrook
authors.forename: E R
authors.initials: ER
authors.lastname: Hamel
authors.forename: S A
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: Carter
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001676:Biofeedback, Psychology; D003080:Cold Temperature; D005260:Female; D005385:Fingers / Q000098:blood supply; D006801:Humans; D008875:Middle Aged; D011928:Raynaud Disease / Q000628:therapy*; D012881:Skin Temperature; D014664:Vasodilation