title: Influence of bupivacaine as an adjuvant to epidural morphine for analgesia after cesarean section.
abstract: The effect of the addition of bupivacaine to epidural morphine (EM) on postoperative analgesia was evaluated in 150 patients after cesarean section performed under epidural anesthesia with carbonated lidocaine. Fifty patients received 3 mg EM without bupivacaine, 50 received 3 mg EM with 0.125% bupivacaine, 25 received 5 mg EM without bupivacaine, and 25 patients received 5 mg EM with 0.125% bupivacaine. Patients were assessed for quality and duration of postoperative analgesia, as well as the incidence and severity of side effects. The addition of bupivacaine did not affect the quality or duration of analgesia afforded by EM and did not influence the incidence or severity of side effects. Furthermore, there was no statistically significant difference in the analgesia obtained by patients receiving 3- and 5-mg doses of EM with or without bupivacaine.
authors.affiliation: Department of Anesthesia, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada.
authors.forename: M J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Douglas
authors.forename: G H
authors.initials: GH
authors.lastname: McMorland
authors.forename: J A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Janzen
mesh_terms: D015360:Analgesia, Epidural; D002045:Bupivacaine; D002585:Cesarean Section; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D004341:Drug Evaluation; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D009020:Morphine; D010149:Postoperative Pain / Q000628:therapy*; D011247:Pregnancy
chemical_list: D009020:Morphine; D002045:Bupivacaine