title: Identification of S-(2,5-dihydroxyphenyl)-cysteine and S-(2,5-dihydroxyphenyl)-N-acetyl-cysteine as urinary metabolites of acetaminophen in the mouse. Evidence for p-benzoquinone as a reactive intermediate in acetaminophen metabolism.
abstract: S-(2,5-Dihydroxyphenyl)-cysteine and S-(2,5-dihydroxyphenyl)-N-acetyl-cysteine [the cysteine- and N-acetyl-cysteine adducts, respectively, of hydroquinone (HQ)] were identified and quantified in the urine of mice administered [ring-U-14C]acetaminophen [14C]APAP, 200 mg kg-1, i.p.). Urine was collected for 24 h and fractionated by HPLC to isolate the above adducts. These conjugates were then converted to a common derivative, viz. O,O',S-tris-acetyl-3-thio-hydroquinone, which was characterized by GC/MS. Neither of the HQ adducts was detected in the urine of control mice which had not received APAP. Quantification of urinary HQ-cysteine and HQ-N-acetyl-cysteine was performed by HPLC techniques, which indicated that these conjugates accounted for approx. 1.5% of the administered dose of APAP after 24 h, a figure which is equivalent to 6.3% of the corresponding APAP-thiol conjugates in the urine. These findings provide strong indirect evidence that p-benzoquinone is formed as a reactive, but apparently non-hepatotoxic, metabolite of APAP in vivo.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, University of Washington, Seattle 98195.
authors.forename: G A
authors.initials: GA
authors.lastname: Pascoe
authors.forename: C J
authors.initials: CJ
authors.lastname: Calleman
authors.forename: T A
authors.initials: TA
authors.lastname: Baille
mesh_terms: D000082:Acetaminophen / Q000652:urine*; D000111:Acetylcysteine / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000652:urine; D000818:Animals; D016227:Benzoquinones; D002851:Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; D003545:Cysteine / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000652:urine; D006873:Hydroquinones / Q000652:urine; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D008807:Mice, Inbred BALB C; D011809:Quinones / Q000652:urine*
chemical_list: D016227:Benzoquinones; D006873:Hydroquinones; D011809:Quinones; D000082:Acetaminophen; C004532:quinone; D003545:Cysteine; D000111:Acetylcysteine