title: Pharmacokinetics, renal clearance and metabolism of ciprofloxacin following intravenous and oral administration to calves and pigs.
abstract: The pharmacokinetics of ciprofloxacin, a quinoline derivative with marked bactericidal activity against gram-negative bacteria, was studied in calves and pigs following intravenous and oral administration. Ciprofloxacin was rapidly and well distributed in the body, exhibited a short elimination half-life of 2.5 h in both species, and was rapidly absorbed after oral administration (Tmax:2 to 3 h). The oral bioavailability in calves was 53 +/- 14% and for 1 pig 37.3%. The renal clearance of the unbound ciprofloxacin for both species was of the same order, indicated a predominantly tubular secretion pattern, and accounted for about 46% of the total drug elimination. No complete drug mass balance could be demonstrated. Small amounts of two metabolites were detected in the urine of calves, but not in pig urine.
authors.affiliation: Department for Large Animal Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: J F
authors.initials: JF
authors.lastname: Nouws
authors.forename: D J
authors.initials: DJ
authors.lastname: Mevius
authors.forename: T B
authors.initials: TB
authors.lastname: Vree
authors.forename: A M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Baars
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Laurensen
mesh_terms: D000284:Administration, Oral; D000818:Animals; D001682:Biological Availability; D002417:Cattle / Q000378:metabolism*; D002939:Ciprofloxacin / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000097:blood / Q000493:pharmacokinetics* / Q000652:urine; D007275:Injections, Intravenous; D007668:Kidney / Q000378:metabolism*; D008297:Male; D013552:Swine / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D002939:Ciprofloxacin