title: [Principle of spiral arrangement of the skeletal muscles of humans and animals].
abstract: It has been stated long ago, that smooth muscle elements in the vascular walls and other tubular systems in the human being and in the animals demonstrate spiral arrangement. The authors decided to show that there is a spiral formation of the skeletal musculature in the human being and in vertebrata at the level of the whole organism, its parts and separate muscles. By means of successive joining certain muscles, their parts and even separate groups of muscular fasciculi by tendons, aponeuroses, fascia and intermuscular septa, ligaments and bones kinematic chains of muscles have been revealed, those chains that have spiral direction regarding the longitudinal axes of the body and its parts. Two examples of left- and right-hand-screw types of spirals are presented and it is stressed that the spiral principle reflects biological symmetry of structural oppositions--enantiomorphism. A conclusion is made that the spiral form of the skeletal musculature is a universal regularity for the human being and for all vertebrata. The cylindric form of the vertebral body serves as a predestinated moment for this. The spiral twisting of the muscles is the most optimal for ensuring variability of movements and performing adaptive survival of the human being and animals in the Earth gravitational field.
authors.forename: P F
authors.initials: PF
authors.lastname: Shaparenko
authors.forename: N F
authors.initials: NF
authors.lastname: Pshenichnyĭ
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D006801:Humans; D009132:Muscles / Q000033:anatomy & histology*; D013045:Species Specificity
vernacular_title: Printsip spiral'nogo raspolozheniia skeletnykh myshchts cheloveka i zhivotnykh.