title: Superior vena cava bypass: use of the azygos vein.
abstract: Unexpected involvement of the superior vena cava with dense inflammatory and fibrous tissue was encountered during right pneumonectomy for a T3 N0 M0 squamous cell carcinoma. After expeditiously completing the lung resection, the azygos vein was utilized for a successful superior vena cava bypass.
authors.affiliation: Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston 29425.
authors.forename: A W
authors.initials: AW
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: C E
authors.initials: CE
authors.lastname: Reed
authors.forename: J M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Kratz
mesh_terms: D001401:Azygos Vein / Q000637:transplantation*; D002294:Carcinoma, Squamous Cell / Q000601:surgery*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008175:Lung Neoplasms / Q000601:surgery*; D008875:Middle Aged; D009361:Neoplasm Invasiveness; D010689:Phlebitis / Q000601:surgery; D011013:Pneumonectomy; D014683:Vena Cava, Superior / Q000601:surgery*