title: [Pharmacokinetics and dynamics of endogenously released and therapeutically administered adrenaline in resuscitation. A comparative animal experimental study].
abstract: In this study, catecholamine plasma levels and hemodynamic response were measured to compare the effects of endogenously released (group A; n = 8), intravenously injected (group B; 10 micrograms/kg; n = 8), and endobronchially instilled (e.b.) epinephrine (group C; 100 micrograms/kg; n = 8) on resuscitation. Although the endogenous release of epinephrine produced peak plasma concentrations of 214 +/- 86 ng/ml (mean +/- SEM) during cardiac massage, only 5 animals were successfully resuscitated in group A. Mean arterial pressure and cardiac output were significantly lower in the first hour of restored spontaneous circulation compared to groups B and C. Endobronchial and intravenous epinephrine administration proved equally effective with regard to resuscitability and hemodynamic response during cardiac massage. All animals in groups B and C were successfully resuscitated and peak plasma concentrations of epinephrine were achieved with comparable onset times (317 +/- 53 ng/ml after 2.5 min in group B, 634 +/- 202 ng/ml after 3 min in group C). The tenfold epinephrine dose administered endobronchially was able to generate only a twofold increase in peak plasma epinephrine concentrations. The mean bioavailability with this route of administration, however, was 40% (5-71%). The ongoing absorption and therefore significantly longer half life of e.b. epinephrine compared to i.v. administration improved the hemodynamic situation of group C animals during the early postresuscitation period. More extensive use of e.b. epinephrine administration can be recommended, especially in out-of-hospital resuscitation, when intubation is achieved before an intravenous line can be established.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
authors.affiliation: Institut für Anaesthesiologie, Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität, Bonn.
authors.forename: U
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Hörnchen
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Schüttler
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Stoeckel
authors.forename: W
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Eichelkraut
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001980:Bronchi; D004837:Epinephrine / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000097:blood* / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D005260:Female; D006439:Hemodynamics / Q000187:drug effects; D007275:Injections, Intravenous; D007322:Instillation, Drug; D008297:Male; D012151:Resuscitation; D013552:Swine
chemical_list: D004837:Epinephrine
vernacular_title: Pharmakokinetik und Dynamik von endogen freigesetztem und therapeutisch appliziertem Adrenalin unter Reanimationsbedingungen. Eine vergleichende tierexperimentelle Untersuchung.