title: Sensitivity of ruminal microorganisms to pentachlorophenol.
abstract: Pentachlorophenol (PCP) is used extensively as a biocidal agent, and there is considerable concern about the adverse effects of this compound in biological ecosystems. The effects of PCP on the growth and fermentative activity of cultures of mixed ruminal microorganisms and the sensitivity of 14 ruminal bacterial species to PCP in pure culture were examined in this study. Increasing concentrations of PCP (9.4 to 375.4 microM) depressed growth and propionate concentrations in cultures of mixed ruminal microorganisms. Wide differences in the sensitivities of ruminal bacterial strains to various concentrations of PCP were observed. Cellulolytic strains were highly sensitive to PCP, while amylolytic, sugar-utilizing, and intermediate acid-utilizing strains were more resistant. Growth of major succinate-producing strains was depressed by PCP. Strains which depend on substrate level phosphorylation appeared to be more resistant. The data suggest that the adverse effects of PCP on ruminal microorganisms may be the result of its role as both an uncoupler of electron transport and a protonophore.
authors.affiliation: Department of Animal Science, Michigan State University, East Lansing 48824-1225.
authors.forename: M T
authors.initials: MT
authors.lastname: Yokoyama
authors.forename: K A
authors.initials: KA
authors.lastname: Johnson
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Gierzak
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001419:Bacteria / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000254:growth & development / Q000378:metabolism; D002482:Cellulose / Q000378:metabolism; D002733:Chlorophenols / Q000494:pharmacology*; D003470:Culture Media; D005232:Fatty Acids, Volatile / Q000032:analysis; D005285:Fermentation; D010416:Pentachlorophenol / Q000494:pharmacology*; D012417:Rumen / Q000382:microbiology*
chemical_list: D002733:Chlorophenols; D003470:Culture Media; D005232:Fatty Acids, Volatile; D002482:Cellulose; D010416:Pentachlorophenol