title: Photogrammetry of the muscles of facial expression.
abstract: The present study has attempted to determine the volume, square measure as well as length, width and thickness of the individual muscles of facial expression by photogrammetry. 15 fresh male head specimens were employed for a careful dissection of muscle layers. The volume was measured using the immersion procedure. The mean values of each parameter together with the standard deviation were summarized. The results suggest that this novelty in the representation of the mimetic muscles will facilitate the planning of corrective interventions in plastic surgery. Moreover, photogrammetry offers additional information on the required size and measurements of donor muscles.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Anatomy, University of Vienna, Austria.
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Balogh
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Wessig
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Waldhäusl
authors.forename: W
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Millesi
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Millesi
authors.forename: W
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Firbas
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Frühwald
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D005149:Facial Expression; D005152:Facial Muscles / Q000033:anatomy & histology*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D010780:Photogrammetry / Q000379:methods*