title: Botulinum toxin injections in the treatment of blepharospasm, hemifacial spasm, and eyelid fasciculations.
abstract: Seventy-six patients with blepharospasm (mean age 56.9 years) received 248 injection treatments with botulinum A exotoxin (mean 3.1 treatments per patient): 87.0% of treatments led to total relief of spasms for a mean interval of 14.1 weeks. The average duration of response remained fairly constant over the first six injection series, although patients with the most severe spasms had shorter intervals than patients with less severe symptoms. Twenty patients with hemifacial spasm (mean age 56.9 years) received 44 treatments (mean 1.9 treatments per patient): In 93.1% of cases there was total relief of periocular and perioral spasms, with a mean interval of 17.4 weeks. The average duration of response for the third series of treatments was much shorter than the mean durations for the first two treatments. Side effects were always transient and included ptosis (23.3%), dry eyes (18.1%), tearing (5.5%), and strabismus (1.4%). No patient had a systemic reaction to the drug. Chronic benign eyelid fasciculations were also successfully treated in 3 patients with single treatments.
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
authors.forename: S P
authors.initials: SP
authors.lastname: Kraft
authors.forename: A E
authors.initials: AE
authors.lastname: Lang
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D001764:Blepharospasm / Q000188:drug therapy*; D001905:Botulinum Toxins / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D005098:Exotoxins / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use; D005141:Eyelid Diseases / Q000188:drug therapy*; D005152:Facial Muscles; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007273:Injections, Intramuscular; D008297:Male; D008538:Meige Syndrome / Q000188:drug therapy; D008875:Middle Aged; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D013035:Spasm / Q000188:drug therapy*
chemical_list: D005098:Exotoxins; D001905:Botulinum Toxins