title: Racial differences in pregnancy outcomes.
abstract: Black mothers in the United States are twice as likely as their white counterparts to experience a wide variety of adverse pregnancy outcomes, including prematurity, low birth weight, and infant and fetal death. Although blacks have higher proportions of births with maternal risk factors such as young age, high birth order, low education, and unmarried mothers, these differences do not account for their higher rates of adverse outcomes; the reasons for the excess remain largely unknown. To develop effective interventions to reduce the racial disparities in pregnancy outcome, we must further our understanding of the mechanisms underlying premature onset of labor and intrauterine growth.
authors.affiliation: Bureau of Maternal and Child Health and Resources Development, Department of Health and Human Services, Washington, DC.
authors.forename: S S
authors.initials: SS
authors.lastname: Kessel
authors.forename: J C
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Kleinman
authors.forename: A M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Koontz
authors.forename: C J
authors.initials: CJ
authors.lastname: Hogue
authors.forename: H W
authors.initials: HW
authors.lastname: Berendes
mesh_terms: D001741:Black or African American; D001724:Birth Weight; D005006:Ethnicity; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007226:Infant Mortality / Q000639:trends*; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D011247:Pregnancy; D011256:Pregnancy Outcome; D012307:Risk Factors; D014481:United States; D044465:White People