title: The diagnostic dilemma of myxedema and madness, axis I and axis II: a longitudinal case report.
abstract: A patient with presumed chronic paranoid schizophrenia had chronic thyroiditis and Grade I hypothyroidism. Psychosis cleared following treatment with thyroid replacement. The probable presence of two axis II disorders may have contributed to the missed medical diagnosis and the patient's eventual suicide. The personality disorders were a major problem in the patient's medical and psychiatric care. The differential diagnosis among hypothyroidism and primary axis I psychotic and depressive psychopathology has always been problematic. When axis II pathology is also present, the diagnostic dilemma is increased.
authors.affiliation: Veterans Administration Medical Center, San Diego, California.
authors.forename: D F
authors.initials: DF
authors.lastname: Darko
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Krull
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Dickinson
authors.forename: J C
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Gillin
authors.forename: S C
authors.initials: SC
authors.lastname: Risch
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D006801:Humans; D008137:Longitudinal Studies; D008297:Male; D009230:Myxedema / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000188:drug therapy; D019965:Neurocognitive Disorders / Q000175:diagnosis*; D010554:Personality Disorders / Q000175:diagnosis; D013405:Suicide / Q000523:psychology; D013974:Thyroxine / Q000627:therapeutic use
chemical_list: D013974:Thyroxine