title: Umbilical cord knots and encirclements.
abstract: Although cord knots and/or encirclements account for 1 in 10 stillbirths of infants weighing 2,500 g or more, no problem due to this cause was encountered in a prospective study of 1,115 vaginal deliveries. In this study there were 6 cases of cord knot (0.5%) and 158 of cord encirclement (14.2%). The range of cord length was 27-122 cm, the 10th, 50th and 90th percentiles being 40, 52 and 69 cm respectively. In this study there was no clinical warning (fetal distress) of cord encirclement or knot during pregnancy, labour or delivery.
authors.affiliation: Mercy Maternity Hospital, Melbourne.
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: McLennan
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Price
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Urbanska
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Craig
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Fraser
mesh_terms: D001238:Asphyxia Neonatorum / Q000209:etiology; D002585:Cesarean Section / Q000706:statistics & numerical data; D005260:Female; D005316:Fetal Distress / Q000209:etiology; D006801:Humans; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D008297:Male; D011247:Pregnancy; D011446:Prospective Studies; D014470:Umbilical Cord / Q000033:anatomy & histology*