title: A classification for intravaginal torsion of the testis.
abstract: We have developed a new classification for intravaginal testicular torsion by comparing the testes in 36 cases of intravaginal torsion with those of 30 cases undergoing castration for prostatic cancer. The classification was made by our new criteria as follows: bell-clapper type (type III) in which torsion very easily occurs; intermediate type (type II), which can be further divided into two subtypes, type IIb in which torsion easily occurs and type IIa in which torsion hardly occurs, and normal type (type I) in which torsion never occurs. We believe that our new classification is simple and useful for definite clinical understanding.
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Yokohama Red Cross Hospital, Japan.
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Ishizuka
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Noguchi
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Sato
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Iwasaki
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Fukuoka
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D002369:Castration; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011471:Prostatic Neoplasms / Q000473:pathology; D013086:Spermatic Cord Torsion / Q000145:classification*; D013737:Testis / Q000473:pathology*