title: Ammonium nitrate cold pack ingestion.
abstract: Disposable ammonium nitrate cold packs are widely used in emergency departments instead of ice bags. Five confused or suicidal patients who tore open a pack and ingested from 64 to 234 grams of ammonium nitrate in a single dose, and another patient who attempted to do so, are reported. It is known that chronic ingestion of 6 to 12 grams/day of ammonium nitrate may cause gastritis, acidosis, isosmotic diuresis, and nitrite toxicity manifesting as methemoglobinemia or vasodilatation. None of these patients developed severe toxicity, although three had symptoms of gastritis, three had slight methemoglobinemia, and two had mild hypotension. The product was removed from the stomach promptly in three of the five patients. None had pre-existing renal or intestinal dysfunction, which are known to enhance ammonium nitrate toxicity.
authors.affiliation: Department of Emergency Medicine, Los Angeles County/University of Southern California Medical Center 90033.
authors.forename: K R
authors.initials: KR
authors.lastname: Challoner
authors.forename: M M
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: McCarron
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D009566:Nitrates / Q000506:poisoning*
chemical_list: D009566:Nitrates; C006568:ammonium nitrate