title: Urethral extension for correction of urovagina in cattle. A review of 14 cases.
abstract: Urethral extension was performed in 14 cows with clinical urovagina and infertility. Urovagina was corrected in nine cows (64%) and was reduced in the others. Formation of fistulas at the cranial end of the extension site was the most frequent complication (4 cows). In one cow, the urethral extension was not extended far enough caudally. Eleven cows (79%) returned to fertility after surgery. Severity of urine pooling, cranial displacement of the urethral orifice, and severe preoperative vaginitis may explain the failure of the urethral extension in some cows.
authors.affiliation: Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Ohio State University, College of Veterinary Medicine, Columbus 43210.
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: St Jean
authors.forename: B L
authors.initials: BL
authors.lastname: Hull
authors.forename: J T
authors.initials: JT
authors.lastname: Robertson
authors.forename: G F
authors.initials: GF
authors.lastname: Hoffsis
authors.forename: G K
authors.initials: GK
authors.lastname: Haibel
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002417:Cattle; D002418:Cattle Diseases / Q000209:etiology / Q000601:surgery* / Q000652:urine; D005260:Female; D014521:Urethra / Q000601:surgery*; D014548:Urinary Fistula / Q000209:etiology / Q000662:veterinary; D014555:Urination Disorders / Q000209:etiology / Q000601:surgery / Q000662:veterinary*; D014623:Vaginal Diseases / Q000209:etiology / Q000601:surgery / Q000652:urine / Q000662:veterinary*