Alternative theories of concept identification among older adults.
The purpose of the present experiment was to investigate some predictions of hypothesis testing and S-R association (frequency) theories regarding memory for intratrial events on a conjunctive concept-identification task. They have received extensive study with young adults but not with older subjects. The individual events under investigation were feedback, responses, hypotheses, and stimuli. Hypothesis-testing theory requires subjects to retain information concerning the correct hypothesis from one trial to the next whereas frequency does not. 75 subjects (60-70 yr. old) participated in the study. Subjects had difficulty in recalling the correct hypothesis stated on previous trials. These errors occurred on problems with negative response trials, not with incorrect feedback. The results contradict predictions based on hypothesis-testing models but are consistent with frequency theory. Unlike in the studies based on younger adults, present subjects did not recall the hypothesis very well under the conditions in which hypothesis testing was made part of the primary task.
Schroth
M L
ML
Department of Psychology, Santa Clara University, CA 95053.
D000368:Aged; D000375:Aging / Q000523:psychology; D003210:Concept Formation; D005246:Feedback; D006801:Humans; D008568:Memory; D008875:Middle Aged; D011582:Psychological Theory