title: Blockade of the epidermal growth factor receptor inhibits transforming growth factor alpha-induced but not estrogen-induced growth of hormone-dependent human breast cancer.
abstract: Transforming growth factor alpha (TGF alpha), a polypeptide that binds to the epidermal growth factor (EGF) receptor, is expressed and secreted by human breast cancer cells and has been proposed as an autocrine growth factor and as a mediator of the mitogenic effect of estrogen. We investigated the potential importance of secreted TGF alpha in estrogen-responsive MCF-7 human breast cancer cells using monoclonal (528ab and 225ab) and polyclonal antibodies that block the EGF/TGF alpha receptor. Confirming other studies, these MCF-7 cells expressed TGF alpha with mRNA transcripts of 4.8 kilobases identified by Northern analysis, and they secreted TGF alpha activity measured by normal rat kidney colony-forming assay and an EGF RRA of conditioned medium. This activity was increased 3-fold by 1 nM 17 beta-estradiol and decreased by 1 microM tamoxifen. 528ab and 225ab bound to EGF receptors in MCF-7 cells with high affinity [dissociation constant (Kd) 0.1-0.5 nM] and blocked the binding of EGF/TGF alpha. These antibodies failed to inhibit baseline DNA synthesis or growth of MCF-7 cells although they were potent inhibitors of EGF/TGF alpha-induced growth of these cells. We hypothesized that if secreted TGF alpha mediates estrogen-induced growth, then EGF/TGF alpha receptor blockade should inhibit estrogen stimulation. MCF-7 cells were first treated with tamoxifen to inhibit growth and to reduce TGF alpha expression. Under these conditions, estrogen replenishment induced a marked dose-dependent rescue of TGF alpha secretion, DNA synthesis, and cell proliferation. Exogenous TGF alpha also partially restored growth of tamoxifen-inhibited cells. Although the simultaneous addition of 528ab or 225ab blocked TGF alpha-induced rescue of MCF-7 cells, it had no effect on rescue by estradiol.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio 78284-7884.
authors.forename: C L
authors.initials: CL
authors.lastname: Arteaga
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Coronado
authors.forename: C K
authors.initials: CK
authors.lastname: Osborne
mesh_terms: D001943:Breast Neoplasms / Q000503:physiopathology*; D002455:Cell Division / Q000187:drug effects; D066246:ErbB Receptors / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors* / Q000494:pharmacology; D004967:Estrogens / Q000494:pharmacology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D015291:Transforming Growth Factors / Q000494:pharmacology*; D014407:Tumor Cells, Cultured / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000503:physiopathology
chemical_list: D004967:Estrogens; D015291:Transforming Growth Factors; D066246:ErbB Receptors