title: Plasma vitamins A and E, total lipid and cholesterol concentrations in captive jackass penguins (Spheniscus demersus).
abstract: The concentrations of vitamins A and E in the plasma of captive jackass penguins was studied in birds fed defined quantities of the vitamins. For a year, each of the 17 adult birds in the colony received a daily diet of 340 g of sprats and a vitamin supplement tablet, together providing 2.04 mg per day retinol equivalent and 185 mg per day alpha-tocopherol equivalent. The concentrations of plasma retinol and alpha-tocopherol and the alpha-tocopherol/total lipid ratio compared well with those recorded in wild populations of related species of penguin and the birds moulted and bred successfully.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Zoology, Zoological Society of London, Regent's Park.
authors.forename: F M
authors.initials: FM
authors.lastname: Gulland
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Ghebremeskel
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Williams
authors.forename: P J
authors.initials: PJ
authors.lastname: Olney
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001717:Birds / Q000097:blood*; D002784:Cholesterol / Q000097:blood*; D005260:Female; D008055:Lipids / Q000097:blood*; D008297:Male; D012016:Reference Values; D014801:Vitamin A / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000097:blood*; D014810:Vitamin E / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000097:blood*
chemical_list: D008055:Lipids; D014801:Vitamin A; D014810:Vitamin E; D002784:Cholesterol