title: Vascular escape from vasoconstriction and post-stimulatory hyperemia in the superior mesenteric artery of the cat.
abstract: Vascular escape is seen as a partial recovery from initial vasoconstriction despite continued constrictor stimuli. Escape in the feline intestine (superior mesenteric artery) occurred for i.a. norepinephrine (NE) infusions (56% escape for low dose, 40% for high dose NE) and for sympathetic nerve stimulation (SNS) (65% for 1 Hz, 49% for 3 Hz, 44% for 9 Hz). Adenosine infusion or blockade of adenosine receptors (8-phenyltheophylline) did not alter the escape, showing that endogenous adenosine levels are unlikely to play any role in the mechanism of escape. Other aspects of escape were studied: equiconstrictor doses of NE given i.a. or i.v. lead to similar degrees of escape; propranolol and ouabain did not alter escape; the degree of escape was significantly greater for the low dose NE and the 1-Hz SNS than for higher intensities of stimulation, however, escape did not inversely correlate significantly with the initial degree of vasoconstriction when all data were pooled. Post-stimulatory hyperemia occurs upon cessation of vasoconstrictor stimuli, reaches a peak conductance within 1 min, and returns to baseline within about 3 min. Hyperemia was quantitated from the peak vasodilation and from the area under the flow-hyperemia curve. The hyperemias were not related to NE dose or SNS frequency nor did they correlate with initial vasoconstriction or extent of vascular escape. Contrary to the hypothesis that adenosine may mediate hyperemia, adenosine infusions reduced the response and adenosine receptor antagonism tended to elevate the response. Propranolol and ouabain did not produce significant effects on post-stimulatory hyperemia.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada.
authors.forename: W W
authors.initials: WW
authors.lastname: Lautt
authors.forename: D J
authors.initials: DJ
authors.lastname: Legare
authors.forename: L K
authors.initials: LK
authors.lastname: Lockhart
mesh_terms: D000241:Adenosine / Q000494:pharmacology; D000818:Animals; D002415:Cats; D004558:Electric Stimulation; D005260:Female; D006940:Hyperemia / Q000503:physiopathology*; D008297:Male; D008638:Mesenteric Arteries; D009638:Norepinephrine / Q000494:pharmacology; D010042:Ouabain / Q000494:pharmacology; D011433:Propranolol / Q000494:pharmacology; D013564:Sympathetic Nervous System / Q000502:physiology; D013806:Theophylline / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000494:pharmacology; D014655:Vascular Resistance / Q000187:drug effects; D014661:Vasoconstriction
chemical_list: D010042:Ouabain; D011433:Propranolol; D013806:Theophylline; C028322:8-phenyltheophylline; D000241:Adenosine; D009638:Norepinephrine