Self-discrepancies as predictors of vulnerability to distinct syndromes of chronic emotional distress.
Two types of self-discrepancy differing in both domain and standpoint of self-guide were examined as predictors of vulnerability to chronic emotional syndromes. Study 1 assessed discrepancy between the actual/own self-state and the ideal/own self-guide and between the actual/own self-state and the ought/other self-guide in predicting syndromes of dejection and agitation as well as different types of anger. Actual/own: ideal/own discrepancy (AI) was uniquely related to dejection, frustration, and anger at self as measured 2 months later; actual/own:ought/other discrepancy (AOO) was uniquely related to agitation and to anger at others and resentment. Study 2 used structural equation modeling of the relations between AI and AOO discrepancy and social anxiety versus depression as measured weeks later. A model in which AOO was more strongly associated with social anxiety and AI was more strongly associated with depressive symptoms provided the best fit. The results support the convergent and discriminant validity of a self-discrepancy model of vulnerability to chronic emotional syndromes.
Strauman
T J
TJ
Department of Psychology, University of Wisconsin-Madison 53706.
Higgins
E T
ET
D000342:Affective Symptoms / Q000523:psychology*; D000786:Anger; D001007:Anxiety / Q000523:psychology; D003863:Depression / Q000523:psychology; D005239:Fear; D006801:Humans; D008960:Models, Psychological; D015233:Models, Statistical; D010549:Personal Satisfaction; D012649:Self Concept; D013577:Syndrome