title: Objective assessment of opioid action by facial muscle surface electromyography (SEMG).
abstract: 1. Activity of the mimetic muscles of the upper face were recorded from awake and anesthetized patients by surface electromyography (SEMG). 2. High amplitude SEMG accompanied ketamine anesthesia and/or the presentation of pain-provoking stimuli. 3. During periods of elevated facial muscle activity, fentanyl or butorphanol decreased SEMG amplitude. 4. The opioid-induced SEMG depression was not consistently associated with either lowered vigilance or analgesia but did provide an objective measure of drug effect.
authors.affiliation: Department of Anesthesiology, University of Louisville, KY.
authors.forename: H L
authors.initials: HL
authors.lastname: Edmonds
authors.forename: L J
authors.initials: LJ
authors.lastname: Couture
authors.forename: M P
authors.initials: MP
authors.lastname: Paloheimo
authors.forename: B M
authors.initials: BM
authors.lastname: Rigor
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D002077:Butorphanol / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D004576:Electromyography; D005071:Evoked Potentials / Q000187:drug effects; D005152:Facial Muscles / Q000187:drug effects / Q000503:physiopathology*; D005283:Fentanyl / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D006801:Humans; D008875:Middle Aged; D009019:Morphinans / Q000494:pharmacology*; D009270:Naloxone / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use; D010146:Pain / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000503:physiopathology*; D010149:Postoperative Pain / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000503:physiopathology; D013390:Succinylcholine / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use
chemical_list: D009019:Morphinans; D009270:Naloxone; D013390:Succinylcholine; D002077:Butorphanol; D005283:Fentanyl