title: Return to fertility after discontinuation of copper IUD use: a study of 55 pregnancies involving Multiload Cu-250 users among private patients in Indonesia.
abstract: Return to fertility after discontinuation of use of the Multiload Cu-250 intrauterine device was found to be excellent. This was the conclusion of a seven-year study of 55 pregnancies involving 53 MLCu250 users who had their devices removed because they wanted another child. Average age was 25.02 years and average parity 1.25. Length of IUD use ranged between 1.00 and 66.42 months, averaging 27.28 months. Interval between time of removal and first day of the last menstrual period (REM-LMP) prior to conception ranged from -0.51 to 49.03 months, with an average of 5.90 months. In four cases removal was not followed by any further periods. Thirty-five (63.64%) pregnancies occurred within six months and seven (12.72%) between six and twelve months after removal. Of the 55 conceptions, 46 (83.63%) took place within one year and a total of 52 (94.54%) within two years after IUD discontinuation. The length of IUD use appeared not to affect negatively either the return to fertility or the outcome of pregnancy and offspring. In the 14 cases involving extended use of the MLCu250 beyond three years, the average REM-LMP interval was 4.15 months. Outcome of pregnancy and offspring was generally good. Except for two spontaneous abortions, one premature and two post-mature births, one case of atonic postpartum hemorrhage and one neonatal death due to respiratory distress involving a child with Down's syndrome, all other pregnancies progressed to term, with the birth weights of the newborns in 43 cases averaging 3387 grams. Of the 42 newborns with known gender, 26 (61.90%) were male and 16 (38.10%) were female. Whether this decidedly above-normal male to female ratio at birth of 162.50 (against a norm of 105-106) was a consequence of previous copper IUD use merits further study.
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, Gadjah Mada University, Yogyakarta, Indonesia.
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Soeprono
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D005260:Female; D005298:Fertility; D006801:Humans; D007214:Indonesia; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D007435:Intrauterine Devices, Copper; D011247:Pregnancy; D011256:Pregnancy Outcome; D012744:Sex Ratio