title: Unsaturated cyclic ureas as new nontoxic biodegradable transdermal penetration enhancers I: Synthesis.
abstract: A new concept was implemented to reduce the toxicity of some new biodegradable transdermal penetration enhancers. These enhancers consist of 1-alkyl-4-imidazolin-2-one and a long-chain alkyl ester group at the N-3 position. The synthesis involves N-alkylation of the parent compound with soft alkylating agents which were prepared in high yields by an improved method. A phase transfer catalysis technique using KOH as the base, tetrabutylammonium bromide as the catalyst, and toluene as the solvent was found to be most effective in the N-alkylation step.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Kansas, Lawrence 66045.
authors.forename: O
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Wong
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Huntington
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Konishi
authors.forename: J H
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Rytting
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Higuchi
mesh_terms: D000277:Adjuvants, Pharmaceutic / Q000138:chemical synthesis*; D000279:Administration, Cutaneous; D000477:Alkylating Agents / Q000494:pharmacology; D055598:Chemical Phenomena; D002621:Chemistry; D012869:Skin Absorption / Q000187:drug effects*; D014508:Urea
chemical_list: D000277:Adjuvants, Pharmaceutic; D000477:Alkylating Agents; D014508:Urea