title: Resistance of Libyostrongylus douglassi in ostriches to levamisole.
abstract: While fenbendazole at 15 mg kg-1 either alone or in combination with resorantel reduced the total burden of Libyostrongylus douglassi by more than 98%, levamisole alone at 30 mg kg-1 was only 28% effective, and in combination with resorantel its efficacy was 67%. These results with levamisole do not correspond with the registered rate of efficacy which is given as at least 80% in South Africa. This is apparently the first reported case of anthelmintic resistance in ostriches.
authors.affiliation: Hoechst Research Farm, Malelane, Republic of South Africa.
authors.forename: F S
authors.initials: FS
authors.lastname: Malan
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Gruss
authors.forename: N A
authors.initials: NA
authors.lastname: Roper
authors.forename: A J
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: Ashburner
authors.forename: C A
authors.initials: CA
authors.lastname: du Plessis
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001715:Bird Diseases / Q000188:drug therapy*; D001717:Birds / Q000469:parasitology; D004351:Drug Resistance; D004359:Drug Therapy, Combination; D005273:Fenbendazole / Q000008:administration & dosage; D007978:Levamisole / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D014251:Trichostrongyloidea / Q000187:drug effects; D014252:Trichostrongyloidiasis / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000662:veterinary*
chemical_list: D007978:Levamisole; D005273:Fenbendazole