title: Human in vivo phosphate metabolite imaging with 31P NMR.
abstract: Phosphorus (31P) spectroscopic images showing the distribution of high-energy phosphate metabolites in the human brain have been obtained at 1.5 T in scan times of 8.5 to 34 min at 27 and 64 cm3 spatial resolution using pulsed phase-encoding gradient magnetic fields and three-dimensional Fourier transform (3DFT) techniques. Data were acquired as free induction decays with a quadrature volume NMR detection coil of a truncated geometry designed to optimize the signal-to-noise ratio on the coil axis on the assumption that the sample noise represents the dominant noise source, and self-shielded magnetic field gradient coils to minimize eddy-current effects. The images permit comparison of metabolic data acquired simultaneously from different locations in the brain, as well as metabolite quantification by inclusion of a vial containing a standard of known 31P concentration in the image array. Values for the NMR visible adenosine triphosphate in three individuals were about 3 mM of tissue. The ratio of NMR detectable phosphocreatine to ATP in brain was 1.15 +/- 0.17 SD in these experiments. Potential sources of random and systematic error in these and other 31P measurements are identified.
authors.affiliation: General Electric Corporate Research & Development Center, Schenectady, New York 12301.
authors.forename: P A
authors.initials: PA
authors.lastname: Bottomley
authors.forename: H C
authors.initials: HC
authors.lastname: Charles
authors.forename: P B
authors.initials: PB
authors.lastname: Roemer
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Flamig
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Engeseth
authors.forename: W A
authors.initials: WA
authors.lastname: Edelstein
authors.forename: O M
authors.initials: OM
authors.lastname: Mueller
mesh_terms: D000255:Adenosine Triphosphate / Q000378:metabolism; D001921:Brain / Q000378:metabolism*; D006801:Humans; D009682:Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy / Q000295:instrumentation*; D008433:Mathematics; D010710:Phosphates / Q000378:metabolism*; D010725:Phosphocreatine / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D010710:Phosphates; D010725:Phosphocreatine; D000255:Adenosine Triphosphate