title: Effect of morphine and naloxone on a defensive response of the crab Chasmagnathus granulatus.
abstract: Male crabs (Chasmagnathus granulatus) exhibited a defensive response (DR) to an electric shock (8 V, 50 Hz, 1 sec). The DR so elicited was used as a model for studying the antinociceptive effect of morphine. Injections of morphine-HCl (MP) (25, 50, 100 and 150 micrograms/g) were administered and the DR was examined at 2, 7.5, 15, 30, 45 and 75 min post-injection. (a) MP produced a dose-dependent reduction of the crab's sensitivity to the nociceptive stimulus. (b) A 100 micrograms/g dose of MP caused a 50% response inhibition with an injection-shock interval of 30 minutes, but no inhibition occurred when the same dose was administered with 1.6 micrograms/g of naloxone-HCl, suggesting that MP acts through an opiate receptor. (c) The ED50 at 2 min post-injection was roughly 33 micrograms/g and the threshold dose was estimated to be 6.8 micrograms/g. These doses are lower than ED50 values reported for other arthropods (90 to 930 micrograms/g) and approach those of vertebrates. (d) The peak MP effect was reached quickly, within 2 min post-injection. The duration of the MP effect was calculated to be 45.0-75.0 min depending on the dose, and an indirect estimate of half-life elimination was 15.7 min. These values are remarkably lower than those reported for vertebrates. The shorter duration of the MP peak effect is attributable to a greater permeability of the arthropod blood-brain barrier as compared to that of vertebrates.
authors.affiliation: Laboratorio de Fisiologia del Comportamiento Animal, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, UBA, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Lozada
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Romano
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Maldonado
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001522:Behavior, Animal / Q000187:drug effects; D003386:Brachyura / Q000502:physiology*; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D004597:Electroshock; D009020:Morphine / Q000494:pharmacology*; D009270:Naloxone / Q000494:pharmacology*; D012016:Reference Values
chemical_list: D009270:Naloxone; D009020:Morphine