title: Outcome prediction in extradural haematomas.
abstract: Extradural haematoma (EDH) is generally a condition of young adult males. It represents only a small percentage of the total number of head injuries admitted to a neurosurgical service, but it must be differentiated from simple concussion, and this means that it is considered in a large number of patients. EDH has the potential for a low mortality rate because of its extraaxial location, but in practice it is approximately 10%. Our results show that about 40% of EDH present with vomiting or nausea and no focal neurological signs. Skull X-ray does not aid in the diagnosis as approximately 35% are reported as being normal. There is a place for conservative treatment of EDH but only if the shift of the midline is minimal (less than 5 mm). A score has been developed to predict accurately a patient's outcome after suffering an EDH. This score includes the Glasgow Coma Scale, pupillary reaction and initial CT scan appearance, and has an accuracy of 88%.
authors.affiliation: Department of Neurosurgery, Westmead Hospital, N.S.W. Australia.
authors.forename: R J
authors.initials: RJ
authors.lastname: Cook
authors.forename: N W
authors.initials: NW
authors.lastname: Dorsch
authors.forename: M R
authors.initials: MR
authors.lastname: Fearnside
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Chaseling
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D001930:Brain Injuries / Q000150:complications*; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D005260:Female; D006407:Hematoma, Epidural, Cranial / Q000209:etiology / Q000503:physiopathology* / Q000601:surgery; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011379:Prognosis; D012189:Retrospective Studies