title: Streptococcal necrotizing fasciitis: development of an animal model to study its pathogenesis.
abstract: Necrotizing fasciitis is a serious and increasingly common human disease which can be caused by an infection with beta-haemolytic streptococci (BHS) of Lancefield groups A, C or G, spreading rapidly in the loose connective tissue over the muscle fascia. To facilitate study of its pathogenesis, we have developed an animal model for the production of a spreading infection with BHS in the loose connective tissue over the muscle layer in the skin of New Zealand White rabbits. Intradermal injection of group A BHS alone into the flank was unsatisfactory in that a spreading lesion occurred on only 12% of occasions. When the group A BHS were co-injected with cultures of Staphylococcus aureus, the results depended on the strain of S. aureus used: an abscess-producing strain isolated from pigs gave rise to a spreading lesion on 50% of occasions. When BHS were injected with the alpha-lysin of S. aureus at a titre which produced inflammation without necrosis, spreading lesions occurred on 75% of occasions. However, both inoculated and uninoculated broth acted synergistically with the alpha-lysin in potentiating the spread of the streptococci. This demonstration of synergy between BHS and alpha-lysin of S. aureus may reflect the clinical situation in the human, as both organisms have been found to occur together at sites where spreading streptococcal infections have originated.
authors.affiliation: Division of Communicable Diseases Clinical Research Centre, Middlesex, UK.
authors.forename: D V
authors.initials: DV
authors.lastname: Seal
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Kingston
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001427:Bacterial Toxins / Q000494:pharmacology; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D005208:Fasciitis / Q000209:etiology* / Q000473:pathology; D006460:Hemolysin Proteins; D009336:Necrosis; D011817:Rabbits; D013203:Staphylococcal Infections / Q000150:complications; D013290:Streptococcal Infections / Q000150:complications / Q000473:pathology*
chemical_list: D001427:Bacterial Toxins; D006460:Hemolysin Proteins; C021091:staphylococcal alpha-toxin