title: Vocalization accompanying emotional-aversive response induced by carbachol in the cat. Reproducibility and dose-response study.
abstract: Vocalization induced by injections of carbachol into the anterior hypothalamic/preoptic area is regarded as an index of emotional behavior and offers a useful measure of emotional expression. Reproducibility and dose-dependence of the carbachol-induced vocalization, however, have not previously been systematically studied. The present study showed that the magnitude of vocalization was dose-dependent within the range of eight doses and increased in a 20-fold range from 0.5 to 10.0 micrograms, reaching its maximal plateau between 10.0 and 20.0 micrograms. Higher doses (20.0 to 80.0 micrograms) caused a decline of the vocalization. In contrast, the magnitude of vocalization was reproducible for eight injections of the same dose (10.0 micrograms). The carbachol-induced responses were decreased by repeated injections of high dosage or large volume of carbachol solution, and were reversed by atropine. The present results support the suggestion that carbachol-induced vocalization may serve as a measurable model for studying emotional behavior.
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Neurological Sciences, University of Western Ontario, University Hospital, Ontario, Canada.
authors.forename: S M
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Brudzynski
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Eckersdorf
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001285:Atropine / Q000494:pharmacology; D002217:Carbachol / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology*; D002415:Cats; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D004644:Emotions / Q000187:drug effects*; D005260:Female; D007032:Hypothalamus, Anterior / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology*; D008297:Male; D008845:Microinjections; D011301:Preoptic Area / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology*; D012016:Reference Values; D014828:Vocalization, Animal / Q000187:drug effects*
chemical_list: D001285:Atropine; D002217:Carbachol