title: Ampicillin, tetracycline, and chloramphenicol resistant Haemophilus influenzae in adults with chronic lung disease. Relationship of resistance to prior antimicrobial therapy.
abstract: Antibiotic resistance in 1,003 sputum isolates of Haemophilus influenzae from adults with chronic lung disease was assessed from January 1983 through June 1986. The incidence of resistance was 3.2% for tetracycline, 0.6% for chloramphenicol, and 12.5% for ampicillin. Resistance to ampicillin or tetracycline usually occurred alone, while 100% of chloramphenicol resistant isolates were co-resistant to tetracycline or ampicillin. More than 90% of antibiotic resistant isolates were nontypable and belonged to biotypes II, III, or V. Chart reviews of 331 patients revealed that patients with ampicillin resistant isolates were more likely than control subjects to have received ampicillin in the prior 6 wk (33% versus 6%, p less than 0.0001), whereas patients with isolates resistant to tetracycline or chloramphenicol plus tetracycline were more likely to have received tetracycline than control subjects (24% and 50%, respectively, versus 5%, p less than 0.005). The incidence of ampicillin resistance and the reluctance of physicians caring for adults to use chloramphenicol suggests that a newer cephalosporin such as cefotaxime may be the initial therapy of choice for severe H. influenzae disease in our patient population.
authors.affiliation: Department of Microbiology, University of Texas Health Center, Tyler 75710.
authors.forename: R J
authors.initials: RJ
authors.lastname: Wallace
authors.forename: L C
authors.initials: LC
authors.lastname: Steele
authors.forename: D L
authors.initials: DL
authors.lastname: Brooks
authors.forename: G D
authors.initials: GD
authors.lastname: Forrester
authors.forename: J G
authors.initials: JG
authors.lastname: Garcia
authors.forename: J I
authors.initials: JI
authors.lastname: Luman
authors.forename: R W
authors.initials: RW
authors.lastname: Wilson
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Shepherd
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Mclarty
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000668:Ampicillin Resistance; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D002702:Chloramphenicol Resistance; D005260:Female; D006192:Haemophilus Infections / Q000188:drug therapy*; D006193:Haemophilus influenzae / Q000187:drug effects / Q000302:isolation & purification; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D008171:Lung Diseases / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000382:microbiology; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D013753:Tetracycline Resistance
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents