title: Impaired production and lack of secretion of interleukin 1 by human breast milk macrophages.
abstract: Interleukin 1 (IL-1) production by human breast milk macrophages (HMMø) in response to bacterial lipopolysaccharides (LPS) was investigated in 49 healthy mothers and compared with that of blood monocytes (HMo). IL-1 activity in 24 h HMMø culture supernatants was in most cases below the assay detection limits and much smaller than that of stimulated HMo (72 +/- 17 u/ml). Intracellular IL-1 activity in response to LPS in HMMø raised from less than 2 +/- 1 u/ml to 19 +/- 12 u/ml and was similar to that found in stimulated HMo (16 +/- 4 u/ml). Neither the low IL-1 production by HMMø nor its release into supernatants could be increased by stimulating with higher LPS concentrations (40-400 micrograms/ml) or when longer culture times were assayed (24-72 h). Inhibiting the production of prostaglandins by adding indomethacin to HMMø cultures, caused no effect either on IL-1 production or on its secretion to supernatants. The presence of inhibitors for the IL-1 thymocyte proliferative assay, in supernatants from HMMø, was excluded by mixing experiments with a known amount of IL-1. Thus, we conclude that HMMø produce four or five times less IL-1 than HMo in response to LPS stimulus. Furthermore, HMMø are completely unable to release the IL-1 produced.
authors.affiliation: Department of Immunology, Hospital Clinico de S. Carlos, Madrid, Spain.
authors.forename: J L
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Subiza
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Rodriguez
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Figueredo
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Mateos
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Alvarez
authors.forename: E G
authors.initials: EG
authors.lastname: de la Concha
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007375:Interleukin-1 / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides / Q000494:pharmacology; D008264:Macrophages / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism*; D008895:Milk, Human / Q000166:cytology / Q000276:immunology*; D009000:Monocytes / Q000378:metabolism; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D007375:Interleukin-1; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides