title: Formulation of vaccine adjuvant muramyldipeptides (MDP). 2. The thermal reactivity and pH of maximum stability of MDP compounds in aqueous solution.
abstract: The degradation of muramyldipeptides (MDPs) in aqueous solution obeys the rate law kobs = kH+aH+ + ko + kHO-aHO- and the Arrhenius equation. For example, the rate constants for degradation of N-acetylmuramyl-L-threonyl-D-isoglutamine, 3, at 25 degrees C are kH+ = 2.3 X 10(-6) M-1 sec-1, ko = 8.2 X 10(-10) sec-1, and kHO- = 0.19 M-1 sec-1. The degradation rates are dependent on the side-chain substituents; it is predicted that sterically hindered MDP compounds will show an extended shelf life in aqueous solution. Product studies in the weakly acid pH region (where the pH of maximum stability occurs) show that MDP compounds degrade largely by hydrolysis of the dipeptide side chain. These data show that MDP 3 exhibits a shelf life (t90) of greater than 2 years in aqueous solutions of pH 4-4.5, the pH of maximum stability.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Syntex Research, Palo Alto, California 94304.
authors.forename: M F
authors.initials: MF
authors.lastname: Powell
authors.forename: L C
authors.initials: LC
authors.lastname: Foster
authors.forename: A R
authors.initials: AR
authors.lastname: Becker
authors.forename: W
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Lee
mesh_terms: D000119:Acetylmuramyl-Alanyl-Isoglutamine / Q000032:analysis*; D000276:Adjuvants, Immunologic; D000596:Amino Acids / Q000032:analysis; D002851:Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; D004355:Drug Stability; D006863:Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; D007700:Kinetics; D012996:Solutions; D013696:Temperature
chemical_list: D000276:Adjuvants, Immunologic; D000596:Amino Acids; D012996:Solutions; D000119:Acetylmuramyl-Alanyl-Isoglutamine