title: Determination of residues of carbadox and some of its metabolites in swine tissues by high-performance liquid chromatography using on-line pre-column enrichment and post-column derivatization with UV-VIS detection.
abstract: A high-performance liquid chromatographic (HPLC) method that uses UV-VIS detection and post-column derivatization with sodium hydroxide was developed for the determination of the growth-promoting antibiotic carbadox and three of its metabolites in swine muscle, liver and kidney tissues. Sample pre-treatment involves extraction with methanol-acetonitrile, purification over an alumina-Florisil column and partition with isooctane. A 2-ml volume of the final aqueous extract is injected into a column-switching HPLC system; detection is performed at 420 nm. The limits of determination are in the range 1-5 micrograms/kg. Preliminary experiments show a good precision with mean recoveries of 81-87% and a coefficient of variation of 4-10%. The method is highly selective and can be used in routine monitoring programmes.
authors.affiliation: State Institute for Quality Control of Agricultural Products, Wageningen, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: M M
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: Aerts
authors.forename: W M
authors.initials: WM
authors.lastname: Beek
authors.forename: H J
authors.initials: HJ
authors.lastname: Keukens
authors.forename: U A
authors.initials: UA
authors.lastname: Brinkman
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002218:Carbadox / Q000032:analysis* / Q000378:metabolism; D055598:Chemical Phenomena; D002621:Chemistry; D002851:Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; D004350:Drug Residues / Q000032:analysis*; D007668:Kidney / Q000032:analysis; D008099:Liver / Q000032:analysis; D009132:Muscles / Q000032:analysis; D011810:Quinoxalines / Q000032:analysis*; D013056:Spectrophotometry, Ultraviolet; D013552:Swine
chemical_list: D011810:Quinoxalines; D002218:Carbadox