title: Synthesis of trifluoromethyl analogs of vitamin K as substrates for the liver microsomal vitamin K-dependent carboxylase.
abstract: The rat liver microsomal vitamin K-dependent carboxylase catalyzes the carboxylation of glutamyl to gamma-carboxyglutamyl residues in the presence of reduced vitamin K, O2 and CO2. The specificity of the enzyme for the vitamin substrate has been probed by the synthesis of the trifluoromethyl analogs of menaquinone-2 (2-methyl-3-geranyl-1,4-naphthoquinone) and phylloquinone (2-methyl-3-phytyl-1,4-naphthoquinone). The reduced (naphthohydroquinone) forms of the trifluoromethyl analogs of the natural vitamins had no substrate activity but were competitive inhibitors of the reaction with a Ki in the same range as the Km of the normal substrate. The oxidized form of the trifluoromethyl analogs of vitamin K also caused inhibition by a mechanism that could not be established. Under the incubation conditions utilized, fluorine was lost from the trifluoromethyl group by a process that was dithiothreitol and high pH dependent.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry, College of Agricultural and Life Sciences, University of Wisconsin--Madison 53706.
authors.forename: C P
authors.initials: CP
authors.lastname: Grossman
authors.forename: J W
authors.initials: JW
authors.lastname: Suttie
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Taguchi
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Suda
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Kobayashi
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D019735:Carbon-Carbon Ligases; D008025:Ligases / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors*; D008297:Male; D008862:Microsomes, Liver / Q000378:metabolism*; D051381:Rats; D011919:Rats, Inbred Strains; D014812:Vitamin K / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000138:chemical synthesis / Q000378:metabolism; D010837:Vitamin K 1 / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000138:chemical synthesis; D024482:Vitamin K 2 / Q000031:analogs & derivatives*
chemical_list: D024482:Vitamin K 2; C060979:2-trifluoromethyl-3-phytyl-1,4-naphthoquinone; C060978:2-trifluoromethyl-3-geranyl-1,4-naphthoquinone; D014812:Vitamin K; D010837:Vitamin K 1; D008025:Ligases; D019735:Carbon-Carbon Ligases; C020660:glutamyl carboxylase