title: Clinical application of electrotherapeutic modalities.
abstract: The purposes of this survey study were 1) to determine the frequency of use of eight forms of electrical stimulation and ultrasound in clinical practice and 2) to determine the factors that influence how and when these forms of electrical stimulation are used. A survey questionnaire was distributed to 490 physical therapists in clinics affiliated with the academic programs of Ithaca College and Temple University. Forty-five percent (221) of the distributed surveys were returned. Descriptive statistics and chi-square calculations were used in the data analysis. Respondents frequently used two forms of pulsed current and rarely used two forms of alternating current. No form of electrical current was used as frequently as ultrasound. The frequency and type of electrical stimulation used depended on the availability of electrical stimulators and the adequacy of entry-level training in electrotherapy. The results of this study suggest the need for additional electrical stimulators in physical therapy clinics, training for physical therapists, and research in electrotherapy.
authors.affiliation: Division of Physical Therapy, School of Allied Health Professions, Ithaca College, NY 14850.
authors.forename: A J
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: Robinson
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Snyder-Mackler
mesh_terms: D004558:Electric Stimulation; D004599:Electric Stimulation Therapy / Q000706:statistics & numerical data*; D006801:Humans; D059408:Pain Management; D026741:Physical Therapy Modalities / Q000193:education / Q000379:methods*; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires; D014465:Ultrasonics