title: Anatomy of the lumbar spine in achondroplasia.
abstract: The authors analyze the achondroplastic lumbar spine in the pre-puberal and post-puberal periods until adulthood by means of standard X-rays, CT scan, MRI, and myelography. The small spinal canal in achondroplasts must be considered the result of developmental and congenital conditions. Orthopaedic and surgical possibilities are reviewed with the goal of reducing to a minimum the developmental factors.
authors.affiliation: Bambino Gesù Hospital, Institute of Research, Rome, Italy.
authors.forename: G C
authors.initials: GC
authors.lastname: Giglio
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Passariello
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Pagnotta
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Crostelli
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Ascani
mesh_terms: D000130:Achondroplasia / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000473:pathology*; D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000367:Age Factors; D001846:Bone Development; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D006801:Humans; D008159:Lumbar Vertebrae / Q000002:abnormalities / Q000033:anatomy & histology* / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D011859:Radiography