title: A small scanning tunnelling microscope with large scan range for biological studies.
abstract: We have developed a scanning tunnelling microscope specially designed for biological application presenting some new features: the scanner tube is mounted parallel to the surface of the sample which enables a high resolution optical microscope to be brought close to the sample when working in air or liquids. The maximum scan range is 5x20 microm with a vertical range of 20 microm and the total size of the system does not exceed 10x40 mm. The piezo-sensitivity of the scanner tube versus applied voltage was analysed by interferometry measurements and by using scanning tunnelling microscopes. We found a value for the piezoelectric constant d13 of -1.71 A/V at low voltages (under a few volts) going up to -2 A/V for higher voltages. Large-scale images of a carbon grid showed a surprisingly good linearity of the scanner tube.
authors.affiliation: Group of Biomedical Applied Physics, University of Geneva, Switzerland.
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Emch
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Descouts
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Niedermann
mesh_terms: D008855:Microscopy, Electron, Scanning / Q000295:instrumentation* / Q000379:methods