title: Nef protein of HIV-1 is a transcriptional repressor of HIV-1 LTR.
abstract: In studies of the genetics of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1), the product of the nef gene, formerly known as F, 3'-orf, or B-ORF, was a negative regulator of HIV-1 replication. Proviruses with mutations in the nef gene replicated better than their standard counterparts during transient expression, and the mutant virus maintained its enhanced replication even after serial passages in T lymphocytes. The nef protein trans-suppressed, in a dose-dependent manner, the replication of wild-type and nef mutant proviruses and the expression of reporter genes linked to the HIV-1 long terminal repeat (LTR). The repression induced by the nef protein was mediated by inhibition of transcription from the HIV-1 LTR, which contains a far upstream cis element (previously recognized to be a negative regulatory element) between 340 and 156 nucleotides upstream of the RNA initiation site.
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Molecular Microbiology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Bethesda, MD 20892.
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Ahmad
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Venkatesan
mesh_terms: D005786:Gene Expression Regulation; D015693:Gene Products, nef; D006678:HIV / Q000235:genetics*; D012045:Regulatory Sequences, Nucleic Acid; D012091:Repetitive Sequences, Nucleic Acid; D012097:Repressor Proteins / Q000502:physiology*; D012191:Retroviridae Proteins / Q000502:physiology*; D014157:Transcription Factors / Q000502:physiology*; D014158:Transcription, Genetic; D014779:Virus Replication; D054311:nef Gene Products, Human Immunodeficiency Virus
chemical_list: D015693:Gene Products, nef; D012097:Repressor Proteins; D012191:Retroviridae Proteins; D014157:Transcription Factors; D054311:nef Gene Products, Human Immunodeficiency Virus