title: Intracellular chloride regulation in amphibian dorsal root ganglion neurones studied with ion-selective microelectrodes.
abstract: 1. Intracellular Cl- activity (aiCl) and membrane potential (Em) were measured in frog dorsal root ganglion neurones (DRG neurones) using double-barrelled Cl- -selective microelectrodes. In standard Ringer solution buffered with HEPES (5 mM), equilibrated with air or 100% O2, the resting membrane potential was -57.7 +/- 1.0 mV and aiCl was 23.6 +/- 1.0 mM (n = 53). The value of aiCl was 2.6 times the activity expected for an equilibrium distribution and the difference between Em and ECl was 25 mV. 2. Removal of external Cl- led to a reversible fall in aiCl. Initial rates of decay and recovery of aiCl were 4.1 and 3.3 mM min-1, respectively. During the recovery of aiCl following return to standard Ringer solution, most of the movement of Cl- occurred against the driving force for a passive distribution. Changes in aiCl were not associated with changes in Em. Chloride fluxes estimated from initial rates of change in aiCl when external Cl- was removed were too high to be accounted for by electrodiffusion. 3. The intracellular accumulation of Cl- was dependent on the extracellular Cl- activity (aoCl). The relationship between aiCl and aoCl had a sigmoidal shape with a half-maximal activation of about 50 mM-external Cl-. 4. The steady-state aiCl depended on the simultaneous presence of extracellular Na+ and K+. Similarly, the active reaccumulation of Cl- after intracellular Cl- depletion was abolished in the absence of either Na+ or K+ in the bathing solution. 5. The reaccumulation of Cl- was inhibited by furosemide (0.5-1 x 10(-3) M) or bumetanide (10(-5) M). The decrease in aiCl observed in Cl- -free solutions was also inhibited by bumetanide. 6. Cell volume changes were calculated from the observed changes in aiCl. Cells were estimated to shrink in Cl- -free solutions to about 75% their initial volume, at an initial rate of 6% min-1. 7. The present results provide direct evidence for the active accumulation of Cl- in DRG neurones. The mechanism of Cl- transport is electrically silent, dependent on the simultaneous presence of external Cl-, Na+ and K+ and inhibited by loop diuretics. It is suggested that a Na+:K+:Cl- co-transport system mediates the active transport of Cl- across the cell membrane of DRG neurones.
authors.affiliation: Departamento de Farmacología y Toxicología, Centro de Investigación y Estudios Avanzados del IPN, Mexico.
authors.forename: F J
authors.initials: FJ
authors.lastname: Alvarez-Leefmans
authors.forename: S M
authors.initials: SM
authors.lastname: Gamiño
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Giraldez
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Noguerón
mesh_terms: D000200:Action Potentials / Q000187:drug effects; D000818:Animals; D001693:Biological Transport, Active / Q000187:drug effects; D002712:Chlorides / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000502:physiology*; D004232:Diuretics / Q000494:pharmacology; D005727:Ganglia, Spinal / Q000502:physiology*; D066298:In Vitro Techniques; D008564:Membrane Potentials / Q000187:drug effects; D009474:Neurons / Q000502:physiology*; D011188:Potassium / Q000494:pharmacology; D011898:Ranidae; D012964:Sodium / Q000494:pharmacology; D013449:Sulfonamides; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D002712:Chlorides; D004232:Diuretics; D013449:Sulfonamides; D012964:Sodium; D011188:Potassium