title: The effect of smoking on immediate post-extraction socket filling with blood and on the incidence of painful socket.
abstract: The effect of habitual smoking on post-extraction socket filling with blood and on the incidence of painful socket, was investigated. Data were collected from 2417 adult dental out-patients in whom 3541 extractions were performed under local anaesthesia. Post-operative socket filling with blood was significantly reduced in smokers, compared with non-smokers (p less than 0.01). There was a higher incidence of painful socket in heavy smokers (20 or more cigarettes per day), compared with nonsmokers (p less than 0.05). There was a significant relationship between immediate post-extraction socket blood level and the incidence of painful socket; sockets which showed poorer filling were more likely to develop painful socket (p less than 0.02). Smoking appeared to have an adverse effect upon the healing of extraction wounds.
authors.affiliation: Dental School, University of Newcastle upon Tyne.
authors.forename: J G
authors.initials: JG
authors.lastname: Meechan
authors.forename: I D
authors.initials: ID
authors.lastname: Macgregor
authors.forename: S N
authors.initials: SN
authors.lastname: Rogers
authors.forename: R S
authors.initials: RS
authors.lastname: Hobson
authors.forename: J P
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Bate
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Dennison
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D004368:Dry Socket / Q000209:etiology* / Q000503:physiopathology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D006472:Oral Hemorrhage / Q000209:etiology*; D010149:Postoperative Pain / Q000503:physiopathology; D012907:Smoking / Q000009:adverse effects*; D014081:Tooth Extraction; D014945:Wound Healing