title: A programmable, computer-controlled cone-plate viscometer for the application of pulsatile shear stress to platelet suspensions.
abstract: Described is a special purpose cone-plate viscometer that is capable of acceleration or deceleration through a step change in speed in less than 0.7s. The speed of the rotating cone is controlled by a microcomputer which can be programmed to generate speed vs time ramp functions of variable slope. Prior calibration of motor power required to shear Newtonian fluids of known viscosity at various speeds provides the basis for determination of apparent suspension viscosity and enables the viscometer automatically to compensate for changing sample viscosity during shear. The viscometer was used to carry out a series of preliminary studies in which platelet-rich plasma (PRP) was subjected to continuous and pulsatile shear stress at 37 degrees C. Shear-induced platelet aggregation (SIPAG) was significantly greater in response to pulsatile versus continuous shearing except at the lowest applied stress (10 dyn/cm2). Increases ranged from about 40 percent at a stress amplitude of 25 dyn/cm2 to nearly 55 percent at dyn/cm2. This increasing trend with stress amplitude might be interpreted as a positive correlation between SIPAG and the loading rate. Dense granule release, as indicated by serotonin release, was dependent on both stress amplitude and number of pulses even at the higher stress where SIPAG was independent of pulse number.
authors.affiliation: Department of Mechanical Engineering, Washington University, St. Louis, Missouri.
authors.forename: S P
authors.initials: SP
authors.lastname: Sutera
authors.forename: M D
authors.initials: MD
authors.lastname: Nowak
authors.forename: J H
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Joist
authors.forename: D J
authors.initials: DJ
authors.lastname: Zeffren
authors.forename: J E
authors.initials: JE
authors.lastname: Bauman
mesh_terms: D001792:Blood Platelets / Q000502:physiology*; D001809:Blood Viscosity; D004864:Equipment and Supplies; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008838:Microcomputers; D010974:Platelet Aggregation; D013314:Stress, Mechanical