title: Combined atropine and 2-PAM Cl effects on tracking performance and visual, physiological, and psychological functions.
abstract: Combinations of atropine (up to 4 mg.70 kg-1) and 2-PAM Cl (up to 1200 mg.70 kg-1) were studied for their effects on a pursuit tracking task, six visual functions, heart rate and blood pressure, and cognitive functions as measured by six psychological tests. Tracking performance in both bright light and dim light was significantly degraded up to 3.5 h after injection. High- and low-contrast near acuity was significantly altered up to 6 h after injection, whereas accommodation and pupil size remained altered for 24 h. Elevated pulse rates were observed for 4 h. Elevated systolic blood pressures were observed for 2 h while diastolic pressures remained elevated for 6 h. No drug effects were found for the psychological tests. Overall, the observed effects of these two drugs in combination are qualitatively similar to those of atropine alone although they are of greater magnitude. On two measures (accommodation and diastolic blood pressure), 2-PAM Cl was found to significantly potentiate the atropine effect.
authors.affiliation: Letterman Army Institute of Research, Smith-Kettlewell Eye Research Foundation, San Francisco, CA.
authors.forename: D M
authors.initials: DM
authors.lastname: Penetar
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Haegerstrom-Portnoy
authors.forename: R T
authors.initials: RT
authors.lastname: Jones
mesh_terms: D000065:Accommodation, Ocular / Q000187:drug effects; D000328:Adult; D001143:Arousal / Q000187:drug effects*; D001285:Atropine / Q000494:pharmacology*; D002801:Cholinesterase Reactivators / Q000494:pharmacology*; D003118:Color Perception / Q000187:drug effects; D003867:Depth Perception / Q000187:drug effects; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D004357:Drug Synergism; D005133:Eye Movements / Q000187:drug effects*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D011939:Mental Recall / Q000187:drug effects; D011220:Pralidoxime Compounds / Q000494:pharmacology*; D011581:Psychological Tests; D011597:Psychomotor Performance / Q000187:drug effects*; D011698:Pursuit, Smooth / Q000187:drug effects*; D012677:Sensation / Q000187:drug effects; D014792:Visual Acuity / Q000187:drug effects
chemical_list: D002801:Cholinesterase Reactivators; D011220:Pralidoxime Compounds; D001285:Atropine; C028797:pralidoxime