title: Intracellular pH, Na+- and K+-activities at the onset of St. Thomas' cardioplegia: a study with ionselective microelectrodes.
abstract: Cellular edema and cardiac arrhythmias are often closely related to intracellular ionic alterations and, moreover, are an actual problem of clinical cardioplegia and ischemia of the heart. In order to investigate whether the clinically widely used cardioplegic solution of the St. Thomas' Hospital may predispose for these complications, membrane potential (EM), intracellular pH (pHi), and intracellular sodium and potassium activity (aiNa- and aiK) in sheep heart Purkinje fibres were directly measured by means of neutral-carrier ion-selective microelectrodes during equilibration of the fibres' extracellular space with the cardioplegic solution. The experimental temperature was 35 degrees C throughout. During control conditions under superfusion of a HEPES-buffered Tyrode solution EM was -74.4 +/- 5.1 mV (n = 39), pHi was 7.18 +/- 0.05 (n = 16), and aiNa and aiK were 7.6 +/- 1.4 mmol/l (n = 15) and 118.9 +/- 4.6 mmol/l (n = 15) respectively. Superfusing the Purkinje strand for 10 minutes with the cardioplegic St. Thomas' solution led to a depolarization to -57.3 +/- 4.7 mV (n = 21), a slight aiNa decrease to 6.7 +/- 1.6 mmol/l (n = 15; p less than 0.01; cardioplegic solution without procaine) and an increase of aiK to 127.1 +/- 4.4 mmol/l (n = 6; p less than 0.01). pHi needed 15 minutes to reach a steady state value of 7.25 +/- 0.05 (n = 9). The alterations on post-cardioplegic reperfusion with Tyrode solution were reversible within 15 minutes. Simulation of the clinical situation of ice-cold application of the solution by inhibiting the cellular Na/K pump via 0.1 mmol/l dihydroouabaine added to the St. Thomas' solution resulted in a marked increase of aiNa to 10.7 +/- 1.5 mmol/l (n = 6; p less than 0.01; no procaine) during cardioplegic superfusion.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
authors.affiliation: University Clinic of General Surgery, Marburg/FRG.
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Stinner
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Krohn
authors.forename: M M
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: Gebhard
authors.forename: H J
authors.initials: HJ
authors.lastname: Bretschneider
mesh_terms: D000136:Acid-Base Equilibrium / Q000187:drug effects*; D001639:Bicarbonates / Q000494:pharmacology; D002122:Calcium Chloride / Q000494:pharmacology; D004562:Electrocardiography / Q000295:instrumentation; D005110:Extracellular Space / Q000187:drug effects; D006801:Humans; D007424:Intracellular Fluid / Q000187:drug effects; D008274:Magnesium / Q000494:pharmacology; D008839:Microelectrodes; D009206:Myocardium / Q000378:metabolism*; D011188:Potassium / Q000378:metabolism*; D011189:Potassium Chloride / Q000494:pharmacology; D011690:Purkinje Fibers / Q000187:drug effects; D012964:Sodium / Q000378:metabolism*; D012965:Sodium Chloride / Q000494:pharmacology
chemical_list: D001639:Bicarbonates; C041711:St. Thomas' Hospital cardioplegic solution; D012965:Sodium Chloride; D011189:Potassium Chloride; D012964:Sodium; D008274:Magnesium; D002122:Calcium Chloride; D011188:Potassium