title: Induction by toxic-shock-syndrome toxin-1 of a circulating tumor necrosis factor-like substance in rabbits and of immunoreactive tumor necrosis factor and interleukin-1 from human mononuclear cells.
abstract: A shock-like syndrome was induced in rabbits by administering toxic-shock-syndrome toxin-1 (TSST-1); tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-like activity was detected in sera of rabbits 3.5 h after injection, as measured by cytotoxic effects on the tumorigenic L929 murine fibroblast cell line. Appearance of this activity in sera coincided with onset of significant shock-related hemodynamic changes. TSST-1 stimulated release of TNF-like material from rabbit mononuclear cells in culture. Human mononuclear cells also secreted a cytotoxic substance shown to be TNF by radioimmunoassay. Maximal TNF secretion was higher in human mononuclear cells stimulated with TSST-1 than in those stimulated with bacterial lipopolysaccharide. Lipopolysaccharide, however, was a more potent inducer of interleukin-1 alpha and interleukin-1 beta from the same cells than was TSST-1. Because TNF and interleukin-1 act synergistically during induction of a shock-like state, these results suggest that part of the TSST-1-induced shock is due to production of interleukin-1 and TNF.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, New England Medical Center Hospitals, Boston, Massachusetts 02111.
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Ikejima
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Okusawa
authors.forename: J W
authors.initials: JW
authors.lastname: van der Meer
authors.forename: C A
authors.initials: CA
authors.lastname: Dinarello
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001427:Bacterial Toxins; D001794:Blood Pressure; D002302:Cardiac Output; D002460:Cell Line; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D002496:Central Venous Pressure; D004768:Enterotoxins / Q000633:toxicity*; D006801:Humans; D007375:Interleukin-1 / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D007958:Leukocyte Count; D007963:Leukocytes, Mononuclear / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism*; D008297:Male; D011817:Rabbits; D011863:Radioimmunoassay; D012772:Shock, Septic / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000503:physiopathology; D013211:Staphylococcus aureus; D018089:Superantigens; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D014655:Vascular Resistance
chemical_list: D001427:Bacterial Toxins; D004768:Enterotoxins; D007375:Interleukin-1; D018089:Superantigens; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; C030107:enterotoxin F, Staphylococcal