title: Intermittent microalbuminuria in children with type 1 diabetes mellitus without clinical evidence of nephropathy.
abstract: Microalbuminura (MA) was determined in 127 children and adolescents (age 3-21 years) with type 1 (insulin-dependent) diabetes mellitus. Patients with clinical evidence of long-term complications or macroproteinuria were excluded. Urinary albumin excretion was measured in a nocturnal 12-h collection and correlated with the albumin/creatinine ratio of a urine sample freshly voided on the morning immediately following the collection. The patients were divided into group A (n = 83, age less than 16 years, duration of diabetes 1-13 years, mean 4.4) and group B (n = 44, age greater than 16 years, duration of diabetes 1-19 years, mean 8.7) and compared with appropriate controls. MA above 15 micrograms/min was present in 11 of 83 (13.3%) patients in group A and in 7 of 44 (15.9%) in group B. In a repeat urine collection at least 3 months later elevated MA persisted in 1 of 11 (group A) and in 4 of 7 (group B) patients. There was no correlation between increased MA in a 12-h urine collection and the albumin/creatinine ratio in a subsequently voided urine sample. MA was not strictly dependent on age, sex, duration of diabetes, haemoglobin A1, mean arterial blood pressure, plasma creatinine, creatinine clearance or serum beta-2-microglobulin. Further systematic studies and careful follow up are necessary to appraise whether intermittent MA is indeed an early manifestation of incipient kidney disease in children with type 1 diabetes.
authors.affiliation: Department of Paediatrics, University of Bern, Inselspital, Switzerland.
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Mullis
authors.forename: H P
authors.initials: HP
authors.lastname: Köchli
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Zuppinger
authors.forename: H P
authors.initials: HP
authors.lastname: Schwarz
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000419:Albuminuria / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000652:urine; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D003404:Creatinine / Q000652:urine; D003922:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1 / Q000652:urine*; D003928:Diabetic Nephropathies / Q000175:diagnosis*; D005260:Female; D006442:Glycated Hemoglobin / Q000032:analysis; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D011507:Proteinuria / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000652:urine; D001613:beta 2-Microglobulin / Q000032:analysis
chemical_list: D003404:Creatinine; D006442:Glycated Hemoglobin; D001613:beta 2-Microglobulin