Patterns of memory loss in three elderly samples.
Three groups of people ranging in age from 64 to 88 years performed tasks of word generation, paired-associate recall, and free and cued recall. The groups differed in socioeconomic status, verbal intelligence, and apparent levels of daily activity. A fourth group, consisting of young undergraduates, was also tested. Results showed that whereas there were age-related differences in some tests, these age differences were strongly modulated by characteristics of the participants and characteristics of the tasks. The findings are discussed in a contextualist framework.
Craik
Fergus I M
FIM
U Toronto, Canada.
Byrd
Mark
M
Swanson
James M
JM
D000203:Activities of Daily Living; D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000375:Aging / Q000523:psychology*; D003463:Cues; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007360:Intelligence; D008297:Male; D008568:Memory; D011939:Mental Recall; D010153:Paired-Associate Learning; D012153:Retention, Psychology; D012919:Social Behavior; D012931:Social Environment; D012933:Social Identification; D012959:Socioeconomic Factors; D014706:Verbal Learning