Pharmacotherapeutic aspects of medication of birds.
This review covers current knowledge of the pharmacodynamics and pharmacokinetics of drugs in avian species. Special attention has been paid to inter-species differences in relation to metabolic elimination, anatomy and physiology of the digestive and respiratory system, and differences in drug distribution. Intra-species differences attributable to physicochemical aspects of the drug preparation and physiological conditions of the avian patient can also influence drug efficacy. The consequences of the choice of a particular method of drug administration on pharmacokinetics are also considered.
Dorrestein
G M
GM
Department of Laboratory and Special Animal Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Utrecht, The Netherlands.
van Miert
A S
AS
D000818:Animals; D001715:Bird Diseases / Q000188:drug therapy*; D001717:Birds / Q000378:metabolism*; D004358:Drug Therapy / Q000662:veterinary*; D010599:Pharmacokinetics