title: The effect of altering angulation in T loops on the moment to force ratio.
abstract: The effect of changing angulation of a T loop on the force systems developed at the alpha and beta ends was determined. Standard 0.017'' X 0.25'' tMA T loops were used. The force systems were determined using testing apparatus developed in this laboratory. The relationship between moment to force ratio and activation is linear at higher activations (3mm-7mm), and becomes non-linear at lower activations (less than 3mm). The relationship between moment to force ratio and spring angulation is also linear. The clinical application of these findings is discussed.
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Nakos
mesh_terms: D003799:Dental Stress Analysis; D009967:Orthodontic Appliances; D009969:Orthodontic Wires