title: Pharmacokinetics of ketorolac tromethamine in humans after intravenous, intramuscular and oral administration.
abstract: The pharmacokinetics of ketorolac tromethamine, a potent non-narcotic analgesic agent used for relief of moderate to severe pain, has been studied in 15 healthy volunteers who received single 10 mg doses intravenously (i.v.), intramuscularly (i.m.) and orally (p.o.) in a three-way cross-over design. The kinetics of i.v. ketorolac were characterized by a terminal half-life of 5.09 h, a small plasma clearance (CL = 0.35 ml.min-1.kg-1) and a small tissue distribution (Vss = 0.11 l.kg-1, V beta = 0.17 l.kg-1; mean (SD). Following i.m. and p.o. administration, peak levels of approximately 0.8 microgram/ml were rapidly attained (tmax = 0.8 and 0.9 h, respectively) and the systemic bioavailability was essentially complete.
authors.affiliation: Syntex Research, Palo Alto, California.
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Jung
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Mroszczak
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Bynum
mesh_terms: D000284:Administration, Oral; D000328:Adult; D000894:Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000097:blood / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D004338:Drug Combinations / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000097:blood / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D006207:Half-Life; D006801:Humans; D007273:Injections, Intramuscular; D007275:Injections, Intravenous; D020911:Ketorolac Tromethamine; D008657:Metabolic Clearance Rate; D011758:Pyrroles / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D014046:Tolmetin / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000097:blood / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D014325:Tromethamine / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000097:blood / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*
chemical_list: D000894:Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal; D004338:Drug Combinations; D011758:Pyrroles; D014325:Tromethamine; D020911:Ketorolac Tromethamine; D014046:Tolmetin