Choice of oxytocic preparation for routine use in the management of the third stage of labour: an overview of the evidence from controlled trials.
Prophylactic use of oxytocics reduces the risk of postpartum haemorrhage by about 40%. The analysis presented in this paper assesses which oxytocic preparation is associated with the least risk of postpartum haemorrhage and examines the relative effects of different preparations on the length of the third stage, the risk of manual removal of the placenta, blood pressure and other side-effects. A mixture of oxytocin and ergometrine (Syntometrine) appears to be the safest and most effective prophylactic of the alternatives which have been compared, but the quality of the evidence is not satisfactory. There is scope for a randomized comparison of Syntometrine with oxytocin to obtain unbiased and more precise estimates of their relative effects on postpartum haemorrhage, blood pressure and unpleasant side-effects.
Elbourne
D
D
National Perinatal Epidemiology Unit, Radcliffe Infirmary.
Prendiville
W
W
Chalmers
I
I
D002986:Clinical Trials as Topic; D004338:Drug Combinations; D004874:Ergonovine / Q000008:administration & dosage; D004876:Ergot Alkaloids / Q000008:administration & dosage; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007749:Labor Stage, Third; D007743:Labor, Obstetric; D010120:Oxytocics / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D010121:Oxytocin / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects; D006473:Postpartum Hemorrhage / Q000517:prevention & control*; D011247:Pregnancy
D004338:Drug Combinations; D004876:Ergot Alkaloids; D010120:Oxytocics; C038346:syntometrine; D010121:Oxytocin; D004874:Ergonovine