title: Congenital pseudarthrosis of the clavicle: a review of the literature and surgical results of six cases.
abstract: This article is a retrospective review of six symptomatic patients who, when treated surgically, all healed with excision of pseudarthrosis, bone grafting, and plating. We discuss congenital pseudarthrosis of the clavicle with emphasis on etiologies, clinical presentation, differential diagnosis, and method of treatment. Our patients' chief complaints were cosmesis, pain, or shoulder deformity.
authors.affiliation: University of Southern California School of Medicine, Childrens Hospital of Los Angeles.
authors.forename: S B
authors.initials: SB
authors.lastname: Schnall
authors.forename: J D
authors.initials: JD
authors.lastname: King
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Marrero
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D001860:Bone Plates; D016025:Bone Transplantation; D001864:Bone Wires; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D002968:Clavicle; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D008297:Male; D011542:Pseudarthrosis / Q000151:congenital* / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000601:surgery; D011859:Radiography; D012189:Retrospective Studies