title: Multidirectional shoulder instability.
abstract: Multi-directional shoulder instability is a difficult problem to both diagnose and treat. Knowledge of shoulder anatomy and its pathological states has expanded dramatically in recent years. Aiding diagnostic acumen are new tools including CT arthrograms, glenohumeral arthroscopy, and evaluation under anesthesia. MDI of the shoulder is increasingly recognized as a clinical entity. Diagnosing this problem demands great skill in correlating the history with the physical examination and radiographic procedures. Conservative treatment is the initial treatment of choice. Surgical treatment is exacting both in its preoperative assessment and surgical technique.
authors.affiliation: Orthopedic Surgery, University of Minnesota Hospitals and Clinics, Minneapolis 55455.
authors.forename: E A
authors.initials: EA
authors.lastname: Arendt
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007593:Joint Instability / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000601:surgery / Q000628:therapy; D012785:Shoulder Joint / Q000601:surgery