title: Pharmacotherapeutic aspects of medication of birds.
abstract: This review covers current knowledge of the pharmacodynamics and pharmacokinetics of drugs in avian species. Special attention has been paid to inter-species differences in relation to metabolic elimination, anatomy and physiology of the digestive and respiratory system, and differences in drug distribution. Intra-species differences attributable to physicochemical aspects of the drug preparation and physiological conditions of the avian patient can also influence drug efficacy. The consequences of the choice of a particular method of drug administration on pharmacokinetics are also considered.
authors.affiliation: Department of Laboratory and Special Animal Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Utrecht, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: G M
authors.initials: GM
authors.lastname: Dorrestein
authors.forename: A S
authors.initials: AS
authors.lastname: van Miert
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001715:Bird Diseases / Q000188:drug therapy*; D001717:Birds / Q000378:metabolism*; D004358:Drug Therapy / Q000662:veterinary*; D010599:Pharmacokinetics