title: Alprazolam in panic disorder and agoraphobia: results from a multicenter trial. I. Efficacy in short-term treatment.
abstract: Following promising preliminary evidence, the benzodiazepine-derivative alprazolam was studied in a large, placebo-controlled, eight-week, flexible-dose trial in patients with agoraphobia with panic attacks and panic disorder. Of 526 patients, 481 completed three weeks of treatment; however, significantly more placebo (102/234) than alprazolam (21/247) recipients subsequently dropped out of the trial, primarily citing ineffectiveness (of placebo) as the reason. Alprazolam was found to be effective and well tolerated. There were significant alprazolam-placebo differences in improvement for (1) spontaneous and situational panic attacks, (2) phobic fears, (3) avoidance behavior, (4) anxiety, and (5) secondary disability, all significant by the end of week 1. At the primary comparison point (week 4), 82% of the patients receiving alprazolam were rated moderately improved or better vs 43% of the placebo group. At that point, 50% of the alprazolam recipients vs 28% of placebo recipients were free of panic attacks.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston 29425.
authors.forename: J C
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Ballenger
authors.forename: G D
authors.initials: GD
authors.lastname: Burrows
authors.forename: R L
authors.initials: RL
authors.lastname: DuPont
authors.forename: I M
authors.initials: IM
authors.lastname: Lesser
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Noyes
authors.forename: J C
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Pecknold
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Rifkin
authors.forename: R P
authors.initials: RP
authors.lastname: Swinson
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000525:Alprazolam / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D001008:Anxiety Disorders / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000523:psychology; D002986:Clinical Trials as Topic; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D005239:Fear; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010043:Outcome and Process Assessment, Health Care; D010200:Panic; D010352:Patient Dropouts; D010919:Placebos; D011569:Psychiatric Status Rating Scales; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D010919:Placebos; D000525:Alprazolam