Effects of control beliefs and attributions on memory self-assessments and performance.
Individual differences in memory performance among elderly adults be due, in part to variability in personality and metamemory variables. We examined whether control beliefs, attributions, and depression were related to memory self-assessments, performance, and change in these variables across two trials. Participants were 47 elderly adults (M age = 69.72 years). Results of multiple regression analyses were consistent with predictions. Those individuals with stronger internal control beliefs made higher self-assessments at the first trial. Those who made higher assessments and those younger in age had higher performance at the first trial. Those with higher performance at the first trial and those who attributed this performance to internal, stable, and global causes were less likely to show decrements in self-assessments and performance across trials. Implications of the findings for enhancing memory performance are discussed.
Lachman
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ME
Department of Psychology, Brandeis University, Waltham, Massachusetts 02254.
Steinberg
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ES
Trotter
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SD
D000124:Achievement; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000375:Aging / Q000523:psychology*; D003863:Depression / Q000523:psychology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007389:Internal-External Control; D008297:Male; D008568:Memory; D011939:Mental Recall; D008875:Middle Aged; D010556:Personality Tests; D012153:Retention, Psychology; D012649:Self Concept; D014706:Verbal Learning