title: Detrimental effect of hyperosmolality on insulin-stimulated glucose metabolism in adipose and muscle tissue in vitro.
abstract: To better understand impairment of glucose utilization in diabetics during a hyperosmolal state, in vitro models were established to evaluate the interdependence of hyperosmolality on basal as well as insulin-dependent glucose uptake by rat epididymal fat pads and diaphragms. Using the epididymal fat pad it was shown that NaCl and urea induced hyperosmolality of 400 and 500 mOsm/kg diminished insulin-stimulated glucose uptake by 35 and 90%, as well as 29 and 68%, respectively. Using rat diaphragm as target tissue for insulin action instead a transient rise in basal (non-insulin-dependent) glucose uptake was seen at 400 but not at 500 mOsm/kg. Associated impairment of insulin-dependent glucose uptake was 30 and 79%, respectively. These in vitro data support our previous clinical contention that a hyperosmolal state, which corresponds to a loss of fluid in excess of solutes, is able to impair basal glucose utilization as well as hormone action on glucose metabolism.
authors.affiliation: I. Medizinische Universitätsklinik, Division of Clinical Endocrinology and Diabetology, Wien, Austria.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Komjati
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Kastner
authors.forename: W
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Waldhäusl
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Bratusch-Marrain
mesh_terms: D000273:Adipose Tissue / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism*; D000818:Animals; D001693:Biological Transport, Active / Q000187:drug effects; D003964:Diaphragm / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D005947:Glucose / Q000378:metabolism*; D066298:In Vitro Techniques; D007328:Insulin / Q000494:pharmacology*; D008297:Male; D009132:Muscles / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism*; D009994:Osmolar Concentration; D051381:Rats; D011919:Rats, Inbred Strains; D012965:Sodium Chloride / Q000494:pharmacology; D014508:Urea / Q000494:pharmacology
chemical_list: D007328:Insulin; D012965:Sodium Chloride; D014508:Urea; D005947:Glucose