title: Early diagnosis of nonviable pregnancy with endovaginal US.
abstract: The mean diameter of the gestation sac and the presence or absence of a yolk sac or embryo and/or cardiac pulsations on endovaginal ultrasound (US) images were correlated with normal and abnormal outcomes of pregnancy. Sixty-two patients who were less than 10 weeks pregnant (menstrual age) underwent endovaginal US. In 59 patients with gestation sacs greater than or equal to 8 mm, the absence of a yolk sac predicted a nonviable pregnancy with a sensitivity of 67% and a specificity of 100%. In 35 patients with gestation sacs greater than or equal to 16 mm, the absence of an embryo predicted a nonviable pregnancy with a sensitivity of 50% and a specificity of 100%. When the absence of cardiac pulsations was added to the latter group of patients, the sensitivity was 100% and the specificity was 100%. The combination of these criteria (gestation sac size; demonstration of yolk sac, embryo and/or cardiac pulsations) enabled the early (less than 10 weeks menstrual age) diagnosis of a nonviable pregnancy with endovaginal US.
authors.affiliation: Health Sciences Centre, Section of Diagnostic Ultrasound, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada.
authors.forename: C S
authors.initials: CS
authors.lastname: Levi
authors.forename: E A
authors.initials: EA
authors.lastname: Lyons
authors.forename: D J
authors.initials: DJ
authors.lastname: Lindsay
mesh_terms: D000650:Amnion / Q000473:pathology; D002823:Chorion / Q000473:pathology; D004622:Embryo, Mammalian; D005188:False Negative Reactions; D005260:Female; D005313:Fetal Death / Q000175:diagnosis*; D006801:Humans; D011247:Pregnancy; D014463:Ultrasonography / Q000379:methods; D015017:Yolk Sac / Q000473:pathology