title: Increased hypothalamic neuropeptide Y concentrations in diabetic rat.
abstract: Central and lateral hypothalamic concentrations of 10 regulatory peptides were measured by radioimmunoassay in streptozocin-induced diabetic (STZ-D) and matched control rats between 1 day and 14 wk after diabetes induction. After 2 wk, both central and lateral hypothalamic neuropeptide Y (NPY) concentrations in STZ-D rats were consistently higher than those found in control rats, with significant 30-50% increases at 4 wk in the central hypothalamus, and at 6 and 14 wk in both central and lateral hypothalamus. Immunocytochemical studies in 4- and 6-wk STZ-D animals showed the appearance of intensely NPY-positive swollen cell bodies in the supraoptic nucleus and a subjective increase in NPY staining of medial hypothalamic nerve fibers. Central hypothalamic concentrations of three other peptides were significantly greater in STZ-D animals than those in control animals at single points (neurotensin, 1 day; calcitonin gene-related peptide, 2 wk; neurokinin, 4 wk). Hypothalamic concentrations of the other six peptides examined (bombesin, galanin, neuromedin B, substance P, somatostatin, and vasoactive intestinal peptide) did not differ significantly between STZ-D and control groups at any time. However, galanin immunostaining in the supraoptic and magnocellular paraventricular nuclei was strikingly concentrated in a reduced number of distended cell bodies. Hypothalamic peptide changes in STZ-D could be related to metabolic disturbance, changes in energy and water balance, altered pituitary function, or other factors. Persistently elevated concentrations of NPY, a very potent central stimulant of eating and drinking, may mediate the hyperphagia and polydipsia characteristic of STZ-D.
authors.affiliation: Francis Fraser Laboratories, Department of Medicine, Royal Postgraduate Medical School, London, United Kingdom.
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Williams
authors.forename: J H
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Steel
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Cardoso
authors.forename: M A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Ghatei
authors.forename: Y C
authors.initials: YC
authors.lastname: Lee
authors.forename: J S
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Gill
authors.forename: J M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Burrin
authors.forename: J M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Polak
authors.forename: S R
authors.initials: SR
authors.lastname: Bloom
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D003921:Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D004327:Drinking Behavior / Q000502:physiology; D005247:Feeding Behavior / Q000502:physiology; D007031:Hypothalamus / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D007124:Immunoenzyme Techniques; D008297:Male; D009474:Neurons / Q000473:pathology; D009478:Neuropeptide Y / Q000378:metabolism*; D009479:Neuropeptides / Q000378:metabolism*; D011863:Radioimmunoassay; D051381:Rats; D011919:Rats, Inbred Strains
chemical_list: D009478:Neuropeptide Y; D009479:Neuropeptides