title: Stimulation of hematopoiesis in patients with bone marrow failure and in patients with malignancy by recombinant human granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor.
abstract: Granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) is a multipotential hematopoietin. To assess the toxicity and biological activity of recombinant human GM-CSF (rhGM-CSF) in vivo, 25 patients with malignancy or bone marrow failure were treated with rhGM-CSF (specific activity approximately 5 x 10(7) U/mg) as part of a phase 1 trial. The treatment was administered by continuous intravenous (IV) infusion daily for 2 weeks at fixed dose levels and repeated after a 2-week rest period. Over the entire dose range tested (15 to 500 micrograms/m2/d), rhGM-CSF treatment was associated with dramatic increases (two- to 70-fold) in total leukocyte counts, which consisted predominantly of neutrophils, bands, eosinophils, and monocytes. Furthermore, six of the 14 patients with one or more cytopenias that received at least two cycles of treatment had multilineage responses characterized by twofold or greater increases in platelet count to a level above 100,000, twofold or greater increases in corrected reticulocyte count, and a reduced requirement for red cell transfusions. Three of these patients became independent of both red cell and platelet transfusions for 17 to 37 weeks of follow-up. Treatment was associated also with an increase in bone marrow cellularity and frequency of cycling progenitor cells. The treatment was well tolerated; side effects included constitutional symptoms and bone pain. These results demonstrated that rhGM-CSF has a significant impact on hematopoiesis in patients with advanced malignancy and also in patients with bone marrow failure.
authors.affiliation: Department of Clinical Immunology, The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Hospital, Houston 77030.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Vadhan-Raj
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Buescher
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: LeMaistre
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Keating
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Walters
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Ventura
authors.forename: W
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Hittelman
authors.forename: H E
authors.initials: HE
authors.lastname: Broxmeyer
authors.forename: J U
authors.initials: JU
authors.lastname: Gutterman
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000970:Antineoplastic Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D001853:Bone Marrow / Q000473:pathology*; D003115:Colony-Stimulating Factors / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D004920:Erythropoiesis / Q000187:drug effects; D005260:Female; D016178:Granulocyte-Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor; D006098:Granulocytes; D006133:Growth Substances / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D006410:Hematopoiesis / Q000187:drug effects*; D006801:Humans; D007958:Leukocyte Count; D007970:Leukopenia / Q000097:blood / Q000188:drug therapy; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009369:Neoplasms / Q000097:blood* / Q000188:drug therapy; D011994:Recombinant Proteins / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use; D012156:Reticulocytes
chemical_list: D000970:Antineoplastic Agents; D003115:Colony-Stimulating Factors; D006133:Growth Substances; D011994:Recombinant Proteins; D016178:Granulocyte-Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor