title: Protoberberine alkaloids as antimalarials.
abstract: The protoberberine alkaloids berberine (1), palmatine (2), jatrorrhizine (3), and several berberine derivatives (4-10) were tested for antimalarial activity in vitro against Plasmodium falciparum and in vivo against Plasmodium berghei. The berberine derivatives 4-10 were designed and synthesized to maximize structural diversity within a modest set of compounds. Palmatine (2) and jatrorrhizine (3) were isolated as their chlorides from Enantia chlorantha. None of the protoberberine alkaloids was active in vivo, although compounds 1, 2, 3, 5, and 6 exhibited a potency comparable to that of quinine in vitro.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Washington, D.C. 20307.
authors.forename: J L
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Vennerstrom
authors.forename: D L
authors.initials: DL
authors.lastname: Klayman
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000962:Antimalarials / Q000138:chemical synthesis / Q000494:pharmacology*; D001599:Berberine / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000494:pharmacology*; D001600:Berberine Alkaloids / Q000494:pharmacology*; D010963:Plasmodium falciparum / Q000187:drug effects
chemical_list: D000962:Antimalarials; D001600:Berberine Alkaloids; C055785:jatrorrhizine; D001599:Berberine; C005413:palmatine