title: Dose response of inhaled gallopamil (D600), a calcium channel blocker, in attenuating airway reactivity to methacholine and exercise.
abstract: To determine if there is a dose-response relationship for calcium channel blockers in preventing experimentally induced bronchoconstriction, we evaluated the effects of inhaled gallopamil (D600), a potent methoxy derivative of verapamil, on airway reactivity to methacholine and exercise in volunteers with mild asthma. Methacholine challenges were completed by 11 subjects 2 hours before and 20 minutes after placebo, and 1, 2, 5, 10, and 20 mg of inhaled gallopamil administered in a single-blind, randomized manner on different days. Gallopamil did not significantly alter FVC, FEV1, or forced expiratory flow rate between 25% and 75% of FVC, but increased the dose of methacholine required to produce a 20% decrease in FEV1 from baseline (p less than 0.0001). The mean +/- SEM fold increase in the dose of methacholine required to produce a 20% decrease in FEV1 from baseline was 1.0 +/- 0.1 after placebo, 2.4 +/- 0.2 after 1 mg, 2.2 +/- 0.2 after 2 mg, 2.5 +/- 0.2 after 5 mg, 2.5 +/- 0.3 after 10 mg, and 2.3 +/- 0.2 after 20 mg. Thirty minutes before a standardized exercise challenge, 10 subjects inhaled 1 and 10 mg of gallopamil or placebo in a randomized, double-blind, crossover manner. The mean +/- SEM maximum decrease in FEV1 after exercise was 25.1 +/- 5% after 10 mg of gallopamil (p less than 0.01), 34.4 +/- 5% after 1 mg (p greater than 0.05), and 39.0 +/- 6% after placebo. We conclude that inhaled gallopamil only modestly alters airway reactivity to methacholine; increasing the dose greater than 1 mg did not provide greater benefit.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacy Practice, College of Pharmacy, University of Florida, Gainesville 32610.
authors.forename: K L
authors.initials: KL
authors.lastname: Massey
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Hill
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Harman
authors.forename: D R
authors.initials: DR
authors.lastname: Rutledge
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Ahrens
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Hendeles
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001249:Asthma / Q000503:physiopathology; D001985:Bronchial Provocation Tests; D001986:Bronchial Spasm / Q000503:physiopathology* / Q000517:prevention & control; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D005080:Exercise Test; D005260:Female; D005541:Forced Expiratory Volume; D005711:Gallopamil / Q000494:pharmacology*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D016210:Methacholine Chloride; D008688:Methacholine Compounds; D011897:Random Allocation
chemical_list: D008688:Methacholine Compounds; D016210:Methacholine Chloride; D005711:Gallopamil