title: Further observational data on the behavioral and social world of institutions for the aged.
abstract: This study is an extension of previous observational work on the social ecology of dependence and independence in the institutionalized elderly. Observations of everyday, naturally occurring interactions between elderly residents of two different long-term institutions and their social partners were extended such that, aside from the identification of type of behavior, the dyadic form and continuity of each behavior was specified. The following were among the major results: (a) Previously found interaction patterns between elderly residents and their social partners, replicated in both a nursing home and a home for the chronically ill, supported the notion of discrepant social ecologies for dependent versus independent behaviors of residents: (b) specification of each behavioral act as to its dyadic form underscored the fact that the interactions were controlled largely by social partners and not by the elderly residents; (c) coding continuity or discontinuity of behavior suggested that independent behaviors were maintained by chaining; and (d) elderly residents in the home for the chronically ill evinced, as expected, more dependence-related behaviors.
authors.affiliation: Department of Gerontopsychiatry, Free University, Berlin, Federal Republic of Germany.
authors.forename: M M
authors.initials: MM
authors.lastname: Baltes
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kindermann
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Reisenzein
authors.forename: U
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Schmid
mesh_terms: D000203:Activities of Daily Living; D000368:Aged; D001604:Berlin; D002908:Chronic Disease / Q000523:psychology*; D005260:Female; D006707:Homes for the Aged; D006801:Humans; D007206:Individuality; D007398:Interpersonal Relations; D008297:Male; D009735:Nursing Homes; D012803:Sick Role; D012931:Social Environment; D012944:Social Support