title: Immunological significance of Mycobacterium leprae cell walls.
abstract: Cell walls of Mycobacterium leprae, prepared by differential solvent extraction, were shown to contain arabinogalactan, mycolates, and peptidoglycan. In addition, amino acid analysis revealed the unexpected presence of large amounts of protein that retained potent immunological reactivity. Purified cell walls stimulated proliferation of T cells from tuberculoid, but not from lepromatous leprosy, patients and elicited delayed-type hypersensitivity skin reactions in guinea pigs and patients sensitized to M. leprae. Analysis of the precursor frequency of antigen-reactive human peripheral T cells revealed that as many cells (approximately equal to 1/6000) proliferate to antigen contained in cell walls as to intact M. leprae. Sequential removal of mycolates and arabinogalactan resulted in a large peptidoglycan-protein complex that retained all the immunological activity. This immunological reactivity and the inherent protein were destroyed by proteolysis. Thus, cell wall protein is a major contributor to cell-mediated immune reactivity to this pathogenic mycobacterium.
authors.affiliation: Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Yeshiva University, Bronx, NY 10461.
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Melancon-Kaplan
authors.forename: S W
authors.initials: SW
authors.lastname: Hunter
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: McNeil
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Stewart
authors.forename: R L
authors.initials: RL
authors.lastname: Modlin
authors.forename: T H
authors.initials: TH
authors.lastname: Rea
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Convit
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Salgame
authors.forename: V
authors.initials: V
authors.lastname: Mehra
authors.forename: B R
authors.initials: BR
authors.lastname: Bloom
mesh_terms: D000596:Amino Acids / Q000032:analysis; D000617:Aminoglycosides / Q000032:analysis; D000818:Animals; D000917:Antibody Formation; D002473:Cell Wall / Q000276:immunology*; D006168:Guinea Pigs; D006801:Humans; D006968:Hypersensitivity, Delayed; D007111:Immunity, Cellular; D007918:Leprosy / Q000276:immunology; D008213:Lymphocyte Activation; D009166:Mycobacterium leprae / Q000276:immunology*; D012882:Skin Tests
chemical_list: D000596:Amino Acids; D000617:Aminoglycosides