title: Four- and five-year follow-up results from four seventh-grade smoking prevention strategies.
abstract: Recent studies have suggested that a prevention program that addresses the social influences that encourage smoking can be effective in deterring cigarette use by adolescents. This study presents 4- and 5-year follow-up results from two studies which evaluated three variations of this social influences model and compared them to a health consequences program and an existing-curriculum condition. The results suggest that a seventh-grade program, built around the social influences model and taught jointly by same-age peer leaders and local classroom teachers, may reduce 4-year weekly- and daily-smoking cumulative incidence rates, providing the first evidence for any long-term effects for the social influences model. However, the results also suggest that any long-term effects from such interventions are probably limited and may depend heavily on the manner in which the social influences model is translated during the intervention. Additional follow-up studies are needed to clarify the long-term effects of these intervention programs.
authors.affiliation: Division of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis 55455.
authors.forename: D M
authors.initials: DM
authors.lastname: Murray
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Davis-Hearn
authors.forename: A I
authors.initials: AI
authors.lastname: Goldman
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Pirie
authors.forename: R V
authors.initials: RV
authors.lastname: Luepker
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006266:Health Education / Q000379:methods*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008910:Minnesota; D012907:Smoking / Q000453:epidemiology; D000074606:Smoking Prevention