title: Anesthetic mishaps and the cost of monitoring: a proposed standard for monitoring equipment.
abstract: Review of insurance data indicates that approximately 1.5 claims are paid per 10,000 anesthetic procedures, a conservative estimate of the incidence of preventable serious injury associated with anesthesia. Insurance data permit estimation of the premium cost for the anesthesiologist and hospital, per operating room per year, of $69,429.00. We propose the use of an enhanced monitoring standard requiring a pulse oximeter, capnograph, spirometer, halometer, automatic sphygmomanometer, breathing circuit oxygen analyzer, stethoscope, electrocardiographic monitor, and temperature monitor. We suggest that this premium cost, together with the estimate that 50% of incidents would be avoided, predicts a resultant saving of over $27,000/operating room/year, a savings equal to the entire cost of the enhanced monitoring system in approximately 8 months, or a yearly savings of over five times the annualized expense of the monitoring system. Thus, in addition to the moral imperative to monitor a patient during anesthesia to avoid injury and death, there is an economic incentive to monitor effectively.
authors.affiliation: Department of Anesthesia, Stanford University School of Medicine, CA 94305-5117.
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Whitcher
authors.forename: A K
authors.initials: AK
authors.lastname: Ream
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Parsons
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Rubsamen
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Scott
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Champeau
authors.forename: W
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Sterman
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Siegel
mesh_terms: D000758:Anesthesia / Q000009:adverse effects*; D000761:Anesthesia Department, Hospital / Q000592:standards; D000776:Anesthesiology / Q000295:instrumentation*; D003365:Costs and Cost Analysis; D006801:Humans; D007351:Insurance, Liability; D007430:Intraoperative Care / Q000191:economics / Q000592:standards; D008318:Malpractice / Q000191:economics*; D008991:Monitoring, Physiologic / Q000295:instrumentation* / Q000592:standards; D012307:Risk Factors; D013523:Surgical Equipment / Q000191:economics*; D014481:United States