title: Functional diversity of gro gene expression in human fibroblasts and mammary epithelial cells.
abstract: Previous studies of gro and related genes that are overexpressed in transformed fibroblasts suggest that gro may encode a specific growth regulator. However, DNA and protein sequence comparisons reveal relatedness to platelet factor 4 and other proteins involved in the inflammatory response. In this paper, both growth-related and cytokine-induced responses in gro gene expression are described. Human foreskin fibroblasts are shown to express approximately 10-fold elevated gro, myc, and fos mRNAs in response to serum and to phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate stimulation, with early response kinetics indicative of growth regulation. In response to interleukin 1, however, in growing cells gro mRNA is elevated at least 100-fold but myc remains constant and fos is not expressed, suggesting a second regulatory pathway. In normal cultured mammary epithelial cells, gro is constitutively expressed, and elevated mRNA levels are induced by phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate, but not by interleukin 1. However, most carcinoma cell lines examined do not express gro mRNA, suggesting a third function of gro as a negative growth regulator in epithelial cells.
authors.affiliation: Division of Cancer Genetics, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02115.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Anisowicz
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Zajchowski
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Stenman
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Sager
mesh_terms: D002871:Chromosome Banding; D002874:Chromosome Mapping; D002878:Chromosomes, Human, Pair 1; D002894:Chromosomes, Human, Pair 4; D003513:Cycloheximide / Q000494:pharmacology; D004247:DNA / Q000032:analysis; D005347:Fibroblasts / Q000032:analysis / Q000187:drug effects; D006133:Growth Substances / Q000235:genetics*; D006801:Humans; D007375:Interleukin-1 / Q000494:pharmacology; D009857:Oncogenes; D011519:Proto-Oncogenes; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000378:metabolism; D013755:Tetradecanoylphorbol Acetate / Q000494:pharmacology; D014407:Tumor Cells, Cultured / Q000032:analysis
chemical_list: D006133:Growth Substances; D007375:Interleukin-1; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D004247:DNA; D003513:Cycloheximide; D013755:Tetradecanoylphorbol Acetate