title: Role of cell defense against oxidative damage in the resistance of Candida albicans to the killing effect of amphotericin B.
abstract: A laboratory-derived mutant of Candida albicans B311 (L) and a clinical isolate (C) of C. albicans, both lacking membrane ergosterol, were less susceptible to amphotericin B (AmB)-induced cell membrane permeability to K+ and lethality than was the wild-type laboratory strain (B311) which contained ergosterol. The resistance of L and C to AmB-induced killing was much greater than the level of resistance to AmB-induced cell membrane permeability. L and C were also less susceptible to killing by H2O2 than was B311, and when treated with menadione, they each produced less H2O2 than did B311. In addition, their levels of catalase activity were 3.8-fold (L) and 2-fold (C) higher than that of B311. The ergosterol deficiency in L and C probably impaired AmB binding to the cells, thereby lowering AmB effectiveness as measured by both cell membrane permeability and killing. Resistance of strains L and C to oxidation-dependent damage likely contributed to a diminished response to AmB-induced lethality.
authors.affiliation: Division of Infectious Diseases, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri 63110.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Sokol-Anderson
authors.forename: J E
authors.initials: JE
authors.lastname: Sligh
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Elberg
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Brajtburg
authors.forename: G S
authors.initials: GS
authors.lastname: Kobayashi
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Medoff
mesh_terms: D000666:Amphotericin B / Q000494:pharmacology*; D002176:Candida albicans / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000201:enzymology / Q000378:metabolism / Q000648:ultrastructure; D002374:Catalase / Q000378:metabolism; D002462:Cell Membrane / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D002463:Cell Membrane Permeability / Q000187:drug effects; D004352:Drug Resistance, Microbial; D004875:Ergosterol / Q000032:analysis; D006801:Humans; D006861:Hydrogen Peroxide / Q000378:metabolism; D010084:Oxidation-Reduction
chemical_list: D000666:Amphotericin B; D006861:Hydrogen Peroxide; D002374:Catalase; D004875:Ergosterol