title: Thermal entrainment methods for studying Raynaud's phenomenon.
abstract: Entrainment occurs when an externally applied periodic temperature stimulus forces the peripheral bloodflow component of thermoregulation to oscillate at the same frequency. This phenomenon can be demonstrated using frequency transforms to analyse the spectral content of the bloodflow, and can be used as a diagnostic test for Raynaud's phenomenon. Correlations were performed between the clinical diagnosis and the objective tests. The average inter-clinical correlation coefficient was r = 0.66. When the average clinical diagnosis was compared with a combination of thermal entrainment and digital patency testing the correlation coefficient rose to r = 0.68. These results highlight the difficulties encountered when assessing patients with Raynaud's phenomenon and the necessity of applying both physiological and clinical techniques.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Engineering and Physics, King's College School of Medicine and Dentistry, London, UK.
authors.forename: J C
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: de Trafford
authors.forename: O
authors.initials: O
authors.lastname: Khan
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Lafferty
authors.forename: L T
authors.initials: LT
authors.lastname: Cotton
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Potter
mesh_terms: D001810:Blood Volume; D005260:Female; D005385:Fingers / Q000098:blood supply*; D005583:Fourier Analysis; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D011928:Raynaud Disease / Q000503:physiopathology*; D012039:Regional Blood Flow; D013696:Temperature; D014463:Ultrasonography; D014654:Vascular Patency