title: Combined rotavirus and K99 Escherichia coli infection in gnotobiotic pigs.
abstract: Fifty nine 3-day-old gnotobiotic pigs were randomly assigned to 4 experimental groups: 14 pigs were orally inoculated with rotavirus (RV), 14 were orally inoculated with enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC), 18 were orally inoculated with both agents, and 13 were controls. Pigs inoculated with RV plus ETEC were given the RV inoculum at 3 days of age and then, 24 hours later, were given the ETEC inoculum. Three pigs inoculated only with RV, 3 pigs inoculated only with ETEC, 4 pigs inoculated with RV plus ETEC, and 3 pigs in the control group were euthanatized at 5 and 7 days of age. Two pigs in each of the 4 experimental groups also were euthanatized at 9 days of age. Intestinal segments from 6 sites in the small intestine were examined by virologic, bacteriologic, and histologic procedures. For 10 days after inoculation, the remaining pigs in each group were observed clinically to monitor severity and duration of diarrhea, mortality, and shedding of RV or ETEC. Pigs inoculated with the combined RV plus ETEC inoculum developed more severe diarrhea, compared with pigs inoculated with the single agents; all dually inoculated pigs died between 3 and 6 days after inoculation. There was no mortality in pigs inoculated with either RV or ETEC. Lesions were restricted to the small intestine in pigs inoculated with RV plus ETEC and in pigs inoculated with RV or ETEC. There was no difference in the severity of the villus atrophy between the dually inoculated pigs and pigs inoculated only with RV.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
authors.affiliation: Department of Veterinary Science, South Dakota State University, Brookings 57007.
authors.forename: D A
authors.initials: DA
authors.lastname: Benfield
authors.forename: D H
authors.initials: DH
authors.lastname: Francis
authors.forename: J P
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: McAdaragh
authors.forename: D D
authors.initials: DD
authors.lastname: Johnson
authors.forename: M E
authors.initials: ME
authors.lastname: Bergeland
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Rossow
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Moore
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D003967:Diarrhea / Q000382:microbiology / Q000662:veterinary*; D004926:Escherichia coli / Q000302:isolation & purification; D004927:Escherichia coli Infections / Q000150:complications / Q000382:microbiology / Q000473:pathology / Q000662:veterinary*; D005455:Fluorescent Antibody Technique; D005856:Germ-Free Life; D007421:Intestine, Small / Q000382:microbiology / Q000473:pathology; D011897:Random Allocation; D012400:Rotavirus Infections / Q000150:complications / Q000382:microbiology / Q000473:pathology / Q000662:veterinary*; D013552:Swine; D013553:Swine Diseases / Q000382:microbiology* / Q000473:pathology