title: Coffee and pancreatic cancer in a rural California county.
abstract: In a study of the risk of fatal pancreatic cancer according to intake of regular and decaffeinated coffee, cases (N = 30) and controls (N = 47) were identified from death certificates and matched for age (+/- 5 years), sex, ethnicity, and date of death (+/- 5 years). Telephone interviews were completed with survivors of about 80% of both groups. In smokers, the relative risk for high (3 + cups) versus low (<3 cups) intake of regular coffee was 4.3 (P < .05), and high verus low decaffeinated coffee, 5.5 (P < .05). In nonsmokers, neither type of coffee influenced the risk. Mean daily intakes of alcohol and cigarettes were virtually identical in cases and controls, although cases had accumulated nonsignificantly more pack-years. Intakes of regular and decaffeinated coffee were uncorrelated, and the smoking-coffee interaction could not be readily explained by recall bias. If coffee intake increases the risk of pancreatic cancer, the mechanism could depend heavily on smoking.
authors.forename: E D
authors.initials: ED
authors.lastname: Gorham
authors.forename: C F
authors.initials: CF
authors.lastname: Garland
authors.forename: F C
authors.initials: FC
authors.lastname: Garland
authors.forename: A S
authors.initials: AS
authors.lastname: Benenson
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Cottrell
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D002140:California; D003069:Coffee / Q000009:adverse effects*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010190:Pancreatic Neoplasms / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology*; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors; D012424:Rural Population; D012907:Smoking / Q000009:adverse effects
chemical_list: D003069:Coffee