title: Design of potent cyclic gonadotropin releasing hormone antagonists.
abstract: In order to improve the biological potency of cyclic gonadotropin releasing hormone (GnRH) antagonists, we have synthesized analogues, the conformations of which were restrained through internal side chain/side chain amide bridges linking aspartic acid or glutamic acid and L-2,3-diaminopropionic acid or L-ornithine. A disulfide bridge linking L-cysteine residues was also introduced. Residues belonging to the bridge spanned from position 4 to positions 9 or 10. Two series of analogues were synthesized and are characterized by residues at positions 1 [Ac-D-3-(2'-naphthyl)alanine], 2 [D-(4-chlorophenyl)alanine or D-(4-fluorophenyl)alanine], 3 [D-3-(3'-pyridyl)alanine or D-tryptophan], 5 (arginine or tyrosine), and 6 [D-3-(3'-pyridyl)alanine or D-arginine], respectively. These substitutions were selected in an effort to optimize high biopotency for inhibition of luteinizing hormone secretion, minimization of histamine release activity, and high (relative) hydrophilicity. The most potent analogues in the antiovulatory assay were cyclo(4-10) [Ac-DNal1,DCpa2,DPal3,(Asp4 or Glu4),Arg5,DPal]6,Dpr10]GnRH (compounds 5 and 7), which were fully active at ca. 12.5 micrograms/rat in the first series, and cyclo(4-10)[Ac-DNal1,DFpa2,DTrp3,Asp4,DArg6++ +,Dpr10]GnRH (compound 12), which was fully active at 2.5 micrograms/rat in the second.
authors.affiliation: The Clayton Foundation Laboratories for Peptide Biology, Salk Institute, La Jolla, California 92037.
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Rivier
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Kupryszewski
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Varga
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Porter
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Rivier
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Perrin
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Hagler
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Struthers
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Corrigan
authors.forename: W
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Vale
mesh_terms: D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D000818:Animals; D055598:Chemical Phenomena; D002627:Chemistry, Physical; D003270:Contraceptive Agents / Q000138:chemical synthesis*; D003500:Cyclization; D004220:Disulfides / Q000032:analysis; D005260:Female; D007987:Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors* / Q000138:chemical synthesis / Q000494:pharmacology; D008297:Male; D010060:Ovulation / Q000187:drug effects; D011487:Protein Conformation; D051381:Rats; D013329:Structure-Activity Relationship
chemical_list: D003270:Contraceptive Agents; D004220:Disulfides; D007987:Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone