title: Spinal ultrasonography. Intraoperative and pediatric applications.
abstract: Ultrasonography has had limited usefulness in the diagnosis of diseases of the spine and spinal cord in older children and adults. However, its use intraoperatively in patients of all ages, and nonoperatively in infants and young children, is finding increased application. The authors, who perform and rely on spinal sonography in both clinical situations, present an overview of technique, normal anatomy, and selected pathologic entities based on their experience and the literature.
authors.affiliation: Division of Ultrasound, University of Michigan School of Medicine, Ann Arbor.
authors.forename: J M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Rubin
authors.forename: M A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: DiPietro
authors.forename: W F
authors.initials: WF
authors.lastname: Chandler
authors.forename: J L
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Venes
mesh_terms: D002675:Child, Preschool; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D007405:Intervertebral Disc Displacement / Q000175:diagnosis; D007432:Intraoperative Period; D008297:Male; D009436:Neural Tube Defects / Q000175:diagnosis*; D013118:Spinal Cord Diseases / Q000175:diagnosis*; D013120:Spinal Cord Neoplasms / Q000175:diagnosis; D013124:Spinal Injuries / Q000175:diagnosis*; D014463:Ultrasonography