title: Lipid and lipoprotein changes associated with oral contraceptive use: a randomized clinical trial.
abstract: To determine the effects of oral contraceptives on lipids and lipoproteins over a six-month period, we randomized 266 women into four oral contraceptive groups: ethinyl estradiol 35 micrograms plus ethynodiol diacetate 1 mg, ethinyl estradiol 30 micrograms plus levonorgestrel 0.15 mg, ethinyl estradiol 35 micrograms plus norethindrone 1 mg, and ethinyl estradiol 35 micrograms plus norethindrone 0.5 and 1 mg (biphasic). For all groups, total cholesterol increased 5.9-9.1% from baseline values over the six months. Triglycerides increased with all preparations, with the ethynodiol diacetate group (37.6%) and the biphasic norethindrone group (45.3%) showing the greatest increase. Low-density lipoprotein cholesterol increased 10-15.6% among the groups; low-density lipoprotein-apolipoprotein B changed proportional to the low-density lipoprotein cholesterol increases. All groups except the ethynodiol diacetate group showed a decrease of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, with the levonorgestrel group (8.7%) and biphasic norethindrone group (4.5%) showing the largest declines. Apolipoprotein A-1 increased in all groups, with the ethynodiol diacetate preparation (19.3%) showing the greatest increase and the levonorgestrel preparation (3.2%) showing the smallest increase from baseline values. The changes in apolipoprotein A-1 were out of proportion to the changes in high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, suggesting that the high-density lipoprotein particle may be undergoing some type of metabolic alteration.
authors.affiliation: Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland.
authors.forename: R T
authors.initials: RT
authors.lastname: Burkman
authors.forename: J C
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Robinson
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Kruszon-Moran
authors.forename: A W
authors.initials: AW
authors.lastname: Kimball
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Kwiterovich
authors.forename: R G
authors.initials: RG
authors.lastname: Burford
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001054:Apolipoproteins A / Q000097:blood; D001055:Apolipoproteins B / Q000097:blood; D002784:Cholesterol / Q000097:blood; D008076:Cholesterol, HDL / Q000097:blood; D008078:Cholesterol, LDL / Q000097:blood; D002986:Clinical Trials as Topic; D003280:Contraceptives, Oral, Synthetic / Q000494:pharmacology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008055:Lipids / Q000097:blood*; D008074:Lipoproteins / Q000097:blood*; D011897:Random Allocation; D014280:Triglycerides / Q000097:blood
chemical_list: D001054:Apolipoproteins A; D001055:Apolipoproteins B; D008076:Cholesterol, HDL; D008078:Cholesterol, LDL; D003280:Contraceptives, Oral, Synthetic; D008055:Lipids; D008074:Lipoproteins; D014280:Triglycerides; D002784:Cholesterol