Perspectives in human reproduction.
In-vitro fertilization and embryo transfer represent only one of the rapidly emerging applied advances in reproductive medicine beginning in the late 1950s; these include 'the pill' and the IUD for contraception, and hormones for the infertile requiring gonadal stimulation by gonadotrophins, clomiphene citrate or bromocryptine, to mention but a few. But from where and when did the biological basis for these sweeping changes derive? Virtually all the recent applications grew out of imaginative basic research. Fundamental animal studies by pioneers, such as Chang, Thibault and Edwards, taught us nature's axioms for gametogenesis, fertilization, development and differentiation. Millions are now seeking voluntary manipulation of their intrinsic reproductive capabilities to gain quality of life benefits for themselves and their children. Although not universal, the popularity of such options sparked industrial investment, governmental policies and international agencies to promote development of safer, more effective drugs and devices. Increased advocacy of aggressive treatment for infertile couples was a spontaneous outgrowth of this movement. Thus, the right of individuals to procreate, even to pursue the extraordinary means required, arose from the diverse events of the nascent reproductive revolution.
Hodgen
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Jones Institute for Reproductive Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Eastern Virginia Medical School, Norfolk.
D035843:Biomedical Research; D004247:DNA / Q000032:analysis; D004624:Embryo Transfer; D004622:Embryo, Mammalian / Q000032:analysis; D004992:Ethics, Medical; D005260:Female; D005307:Fertilization in Vitro; D006176:Gynecology / Q000639:trends*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D009865:Oocytes / Q000637:transplantation; D012098:Reproduction; D018570:Risk Assessment
D004247:DNA