title: Bioavailability of iron in prenatal multivitamin/multimineral supplements administered to pregnant teenagers.
abstract: Absorption of elemental iron from three single-daily-dose prenatal multivitamin/multimineral supplements was compared in bioavailability studies of subjects under fasting and postprandial conditions. Each of the supplements (Stuartnatal 1 + 1, Stuart Prenatal, and Materna 1.60) contained 60 or 65 mg of iron. The subjects, teenagers in the second trimester of pregnancy, were assigned to the fasting or postprandial conditions at intervals of three to seven days. For the postprandial condition, subjects took the supplement after eating a standardized meal that had been designed to provide a minimal amount of iron and no caffeine (which inhibits iron absorption); blood was drawn at 0, 1, 3, 6, and 8 hours. Bioavailability studies showed that all three supplements provided adequate levels (at least 3.5 mg) of absorbed iron when taken postprandially. The highest quantity of net iron transport as well as the most rapid intestinal transport in either condition was yielded by Stuartnatal 1 + 1 taken in the fasting state. In the postprandial condition, Materna 1.60 demonstrated the fastest transport time and highest net iron transport; when given to a subject in the fasting condition, however, this supplement provided less than the recommended 3.5 mg of absorbed iron. These results suggest that iron absorption is influenced by supplement formulation as well as the presence or absence of food. Considering variations in compliance when iron is to be taken on an empty stomach as well as variable absorption in the fasting state, the most reliable supplementation would appear to be achieved by instructing pregnant women to take multivitamin/multimineral supplements at mealtime.
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston.
authors.forename: E B
authors.initials: EB
authors.lastname: Dawson
authors.forename: W J
authors.initials: WJ
authors.lastname: McGanity
mesh_terms: D000042:Absorption; D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D001682:Biological Availability; D002118:Calcium / Q000494:pharmacology; D005260:Female; D005502:Food; D006801:Humans; D007501:Iron / Q000097:blood / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D008274:Magnesium / Q000494:pharmacology; D011247:Pregnancy; D011253:Pregnancy in Adolescence / Q000378:metabolism*; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D007501:Iron; D008274:Magnesium; D002118:Calcium