title: Ophthalmoscopic findings in spontaneous carotid cavernous fistula: an analysis of 20 patients.
abstract: The pathophysiological influence of spontaneous carotid cavernous fistula (CCF) on retinal/orbital circulation is discussed. Of 20 patients, 1 case of papilloedema, 4 of choroidal detachment (CD), 2 of exudative retinal detachment (ERD) and 3 cases of central venous thrombosis (CVT) were seen, associations that on rarely reported in the literature. An elevation in the episcleral venous pressure was measured that was more than twice the normal, which explains the ophthalmoscopic findings.
authors.affiliation: Universitäts-Augenklinik, Hamburg-Eppendorf, Federal Republic of Germany.
authors.forename: J S
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Jørgensen
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Guthoff
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D001164:Arteriovenous Fistula / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000473:pathology*; D002340:Carotid Artery Diseases / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000473:pathology*; D002343:Carotid Artery, Internal / Q000473:pathology*; D002426:Cavernous Sinus / Q000473:pathology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009887:Ophthalmoscopy; D012590:Sclera / Q000098:blood supply; D014463:Ultrasonography; D014690:Venous Pressure