title: Vibrations in orthopedics.
abstract: Measurements of various mechanical properties of skeletal material using vibration techniques have been reported. The purposes of such investigations include the monitoring of pathogenic disorders such as osteoporosis, the rate and extent of fracture healing, and the status of internal fixations. Early investigations pioneered the application of conventional vibration measurement equipment to biological systems. The more recent advent of the microcomputer has made available to research groups more sophisticated techniques for data acquisition and analysis. The economical advantages of such equipment has led to the development of portable research instrumentation which lends itself to use in a clinical environment. This review article reports on the developments and progression of the various vibrational techniques and theories as applied to musculoskeletal systems.
authors.affiliation: Department of Mechanical and Manufacturing Systems Engineering, University of Wales Institute of Science and Technology, Cardiff.
authors.forename: L D
authors.initials: LD
authors.lastname: Nokes
authors.forename: G C
authors.initials: GC
authors.lastname: Thorne
mesh_terms: D001696:Biomechanical Phenomena; D001842:Bone and Bones / Q000502:physiology*; D050723:Fractures, Bone / Q000503:physiopathology; D006801:Humans; D014463:Ultrasonography; D014732:Vibration; D014945:Wound Healing