title: Management of endocrine orbitopathy.
abstract: Endocrine ophthalmopathy remains the most common cause of proptosis in adults. In a small but significant percentage of patients, vision can be threatened, requiring prompt intervention. In the patients who fail to respond to medical management with high-dose steroids, surgical decompression is indicated. The Walsh-Ogura antral-ethmoidal decompression is the most widely used approach at this time. Radiation therapy is a therapeutic modality that is probably best reserved for patients who fail to respond to steroids or surgery, or in whom these two approaches are not possible. The management of endocrine orbitopathy continues to be directed toward relief of symptoms. A multidisciplinary approach, involving the endocrinologist, ophthalmologist, otolaryngologist-head and neck surgeon, and oculoplastic surgeon is often required to achieve the best outcome.
authors.affiliation: Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Human Communication, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia.
authors.forename: R A
authors.initials: RA
authors.lastname: Weisman
authors.forename: P J
authors.initials: PJ
authors.lastname: Savino
mesh_terms: D006111:Graves Disease / Q000601:surgery / Q000628:therapy*; D006801:Humans