title: Enhancement of the inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate-releasable Ca2+ pool by GTP in permeabilized hepatocytes.
abstract: Permeabilized rat hepatocytes were used to study the effects of inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate (Ins(1,4,5)P3) and GTP on Ca2+ uptake and release by ATP-dependent intracellular Ca2+ storage pools. Under conditions where these Ca2+ pools were completely filled, maximal doses of Ins(1,4,5)P3 released only 25-30% of the sequestered Ca2+. The residual Ca2+ was freely releasable with the Ca2+ ionophore ionomycin. Addition of GTP in the absence of Ins(1,4,5)P3 did not cause Ca2+ release and had no effect on the steady-state level of Ca2+ accumulation by intracellular storage pools. However, after a 3-4-min treatment with GTP the size of the Ins(1,4,5)P3-releasable Ca2+ pool was increased by about 2-fold, with a proportional decrease in the residual Ca2+ available for release by ionomycin. In contrast to the situation with freshly permeabilized cells, permeabilized hepatocytes from which cytosolic components had been washed out exhibited direct Ca2+ release in response to GTP addition. The potentiation of Ins(1,4,5)P3-induced Ca2+ release by GTP in permeabilized hepatocytes was concentration-dependent with half-maximal effects at about 5 microM GTP. The dose response to Ins(1,4,5)P3 was not shifted by GTP; instead GTP increased the amount of Ca2+ released at all Ins(1,4,5)P3 concentrations. The effects of GTP were not mimicked by other nucleotides or nonhydrolyzable GTP analogues. In fact, guanosine 5'-O-(3-thiotriphosphate) (GTP gamma S) inhibited the actions of GTP. However, this inhibition only occurred when GTP gamma S was added prior to GTP, suggesting that the GTP effect is not readily reversible once the cells have been permeabilized. Experiments using vanadate to inhibit the ATP-dependent Ca2+ uptake pump showed that Ins(1,4,5)P3 releases all of the Ca2+ within the Ins(1,4,5)P3-sensitive Ca2+ pool even in the absence of GTP. The increase of Ins(1,4,5)P3-induced Ca2+ release brought about by GTP was also unaffected by vanadate. It is concluded that GTP increases the proportion of the sequestered Ca2+ which is available for release by Ins(1,4,5)P3, either by unmasking latent Ins(1,4,5)P3-sensitive Ca2+ release sites or by allowing direct Ca2+ movement between Ins(1,4,5)P3-sensitive and Ins(1,4,5)P3-insensitive Ca2+ storage pools.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19107.
authors.forename: A P
authors.initials: AP
authors.lastname: Thomas
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002118:Calcium / Q000378:metabolism*; D002463:Cell Membrane Permeability; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D004357:Drug Synergism; D016244:Guanosine 5'-O-(3-Thiotriphosphate); D006160:Guanosine Triphosphate / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000494:pharmacology*; D006165:Guanylyl Imidodiphosphate / Q000494:pharmacology; D015544:Inositol 1,4,5-Trisphosphate; D007295:Inositol Phosphates / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000494:pharmacology; D008099:Liver / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects*; D008297:Male; D051381:Rats; D011919:Rats, Inbred Strains; D013403:Sugar Phosphates / Q000378:metabolism*; D013873:Thionucleotides / Q000494:pharmacology
chemical_list: D007295:Inositol Phosphates; D013403:Sugar Phosphates; D013873:Thionucleotides; D006165:Guanylyl Imidodiphosphate; D016244:Guanosine 5'-O-(3-Thiotriphosphate); D015544:Inositol 1,4,5-Trisphosphate; D006160:Guanosine Triphosphate; D002118:Calcium