title: Comparison of midazolam and diazepam to supplement total intravenous anaesthesia with ketamine for endoscopy.
abstract: Fifty patients undergoing endoscopy (laryngoscopy, bronchoscopy, mediastinoscopy) were anaesthetised in a double-blind prospective trial using total intravenous anaesthesia. Half of the patients were anaesthetised with an infusion of a solution of 250 mg ketamine and 12.5 mg midazolam. The other patients received an infusion of a solution of 250 mg ketamine and 20 mg diazepam. In addition, both groups were given increments of 50-100 micrograms of fentanyl. The immediate awakening time (t1) was not significantly different between groups, but the patients who had received midazolam-ketamine, had a significantly shorter time to more complete recovery (t2), a significantly lower frequency of emergence reactions and were more satisfied with the anaesthetic than the patients who had received diazepam-ketamine. There was no difference between groups with respect to intraoperative heart rate and blood pressure. No awareness during anaesthesia was reported.
authors.affiliation: Department of Anaesthesia, Vejle Hospital, Denmark.
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Toft
authors.forename: U
authors.initials: U
authors.lastname: Romer
mesh_terms: D000771:Anesthesia, Intravenous; D001794:Blood Pressure / Q000187:drug effects; D002986:Clinical Trials as Topic; D003975:Diazepam / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D004724:Endoscopy; D005260:Female; D006339:Heart Rate / Q000187:drug effects; D006801:Humans; D007649:Ketamine; D008297:Male; D008874:Midazolam / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D008875:Middle Aged; D011446:Prospective Studies; D011897:Random Allocation
chemical_list: D007649:Ketamine; D003975:Diazepam; D008874:Midazolam