title: The morphine sparing effect of ketorolac tromethamine. A study of a new, parenteral non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agent after abdominal surgery.
abstract: A randomised, double-blind study of patients after upper abdominal surgery was undertaken to assess the analgesic efficacy of ketorolac tromethamine, a new, parenteral non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agent. Postoperatively, patients received a 24-hour intramuscular infusion of either saline (n = 20), ketorolac 1.5 mg/hour (n = 21) or ketorolac 3.0 mg/hour (n = 20). Cumulative morphine requirements were measured using a patient-controlled analgesia system which delivered intravenous increments of morphine on demand. Pain was assessed by visual analogue scores. Arterial blood gas analyses were performed pre-operatively and on the first postoperative day. Patients who received low and high dose ketorolac infusions required less morphine than the control group (p less than 0.05 and p = 0.06, respectively). This was associated with significantly lower pain scores. Patients who received the higher ketorolac dose had significantly less postoperative increase in arterial carbon dioxide tensions than controls. This study suggests that ketorolac tromethamine is a useful analgesic drug with significant morphine sparing properties.
authors.forename: G W
authors.initials: GW
authors.lastname: Gillies
authors.forename: G N
authors.initials: GN
authors.lastname: Kenny
authors.forename: R E
authors.initials: RE
authors.lastname: Bullingham
authors.forename: C S
authors.initials: CS
authors.lastname: McArdle
mesh_terms: D000005:Abdomen / Q000601:surgery*; D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000894:Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D002986:Clinical Trials as Topic; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D004338:Drug Combinations / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use; D006801:Humans; D007263:Infusions, Parenteral; D020911:Ketorolac Tromethamine; D008875:Middle Aged; D009020:Morphine / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D010147:Pain Measurement; D010149:Postoperative Pain / Q000188:drug therapy*; D011758:Pyrroles / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D011897:Random Allocation; D014046:Tolmetin / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D014325:Tromethamine / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000627:therapeutic use*
chemical_list: D000894:Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal; D004338:Drug Combinations; D011758:Pyrroles; D014325:Tromethamine; D020911:Ketorolac Tromethamine; D009020:Morphine; D014046:Tolmetin