title: Drug-induced pemphigoid. A spectrum of diseases.
abstract: Drug-induced ocular pemphigoid has been reported to occur after long-term use of topical glaucoma medications. We have reviewed the literature on drug-induced ocular pemphigoid and have added our experience with five patients with glaucoma who developed ocular cicatricial (benign mucosal) pemphigoid after treatment with various topical glaucoma medications. We also describe a case of timolol-induced ocular pemphigoid. The presentation and progression of drug-induced ocular cicatricial pemphigoid can be variable. We propose that drug-induced ocular pemphigoid represents a spectrum of diseases ranging from a self-limiting, toxic form to a progressive, immunologic form.
authors.affiliation: Department of Ophthalmology, Eye Institute of New Jersey, Newark.
authors.forename: P M
authors.initials: PM
authors.lastname: Fiore
authors.forename: I H
authors.initials: IH
authors.lastname: Jacobs
authors.forename: D B
authors.initials: DB
authors.lastname: Goldberg
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D005128:Eye Diseases / Q000139:chemically induced*; D005260:Female; D005901:Glaucoma / Q000188:drug therapy; D006801:Humans; D008875:Middle Aged; D009883:Ophthalmic Solutions; D010390:Pemphigoid, Benign Mucous Membrane / Q000139:chemically induced; D010391:Pemphigoid, Bullous / Q000139:chemically induced*; D010862:Pilocarpine / Q000009:adverse effects; D012872:Skin Diseases, Vesiculobullous / Q000139:chemically induced*; D013999:Timolol / Q000009:adverse effects
chemical_list: D009883:Ophthalmic Solutions; D010862:Pilocarpine; D013999:Timolol