title: Effect of levamisole on the clinical and immunologic responses to oral vaccine of Treponema hyodysenteriae.
abstract: Conventionally raised crossbred Hampshire pigs were vaccinated orally with attenuated Treponema hyodysenteriae in combination with an anthelmintic, levamisole or dichlorvos. Pigs in group I (n = 9) were treated with levamisole and vaccinated with attenuated T hyodysenteriae and those in group II (n = 9) were treated with levamisole and permitted to commingle (contact exposure) with group I. Pigs in group III (n = 9) were vaccinated in a similar manner and were treated with dichlorvos. Pigs in group IV (n = 9) were treated with dichlorvos and permitted to commingle with group III. Control pigs (group V; n = 9) were not given any anthelmintic, nor were they vaccinated; they were housed separately. During the 8-week interval between vaccination and challenge inoculation, 4 total days and 8 total days of diarrhea were observed in pigs in groups I and II, respectively. Likewise, 5 total days and 10 total days of diarrhea were seen in groups III and IV, respectively. In all groups, the pigs tended to shed the organism in their feces after they were vaccinated or challenge inoculated, as determined by a fluorescent antibody technique (FAT) and culture procedure (CP). Overall mean shedding patterns of 5.5% and 24.5% identified by CP and FAT, respectively, were seen in the 2 levamisole-treated groups (I and II). In contrast, mean shedding patterns of 4% and 18% of the isolation attempts were detected by CP and FAT, respectively, in the 2 dichlorvos-treated groups. Diarrhea and shedding of T hyodysenteriae in the controls (group V) did not occur.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
authors.forename: E M
authors.initials: EM
authors.lastname: Jenkins
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Nash
authors.forename: W
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Hill
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Mosley
mesh_terms: D000276:Adjuvants, Immunologic; D000818:Animals; D000907:Antibodies, Bacterial / Q000096:biosynthesis; D001428:Bacterial Vaccines / Q000276:immunology*; D003967:Diarrhea / Q000276:immunology / Q000662:veterinary; D004006:Dichlorvos / Q000494:pharmacology; D005243:Feces / Q000382:microbiology; D005455:Fluorescent Antibody Technique; D007111:Immunity, Cellular / Q000187:drug effects; D007978:Levamisole / Q000494:pharmacology*; D013552:Swine; D013553:Swine Diseases / Q000276:immunology*; D014208:Treponema / Q000276:immunology*; D014211:Treponemal Infections / Q000276:immunology / Q000662:veterinary*; D014613:Vaccines, Attenuated / Q000276:immunology
chemical_list: D000276:Adjuvants, Immunologic; D000907:Antibodies, Bacterial; D001428:Bacterial Vaccines; D014613:Vaccines, Attenuated; D007978:Levamisole; D004006:Dichlorvos