title: The effects of excitatory amino acids on intracellular calcium in single mouse striatal neurons in vitro.
abstract: Using microspectrofluorimetry and the calcium-sensitive dye fura-2, we examined the effect of excitatory amino acids on [Ca2+]i in single striatal neurons in vitro. N-methyl-D-aspartic acid (NMDA) produced rapid increases in [Ca2+]i. These were blocked by DL-2-amino-5-phosphonovaleric acid (AP5), by Mg2+, by phencyclidine, and by MK801. The block produced by Mg2+ and MK801 could be relieved by depolarizing cells with veratridine. When external Ca2+ was removed, NMDA no longer increased [Ca2+]i. Furthermore, the effects of NMDA were not blocked by concentrations of La3+ that blocked depolarization induced rises in [Ca2+]i. Substitution of Na+o by Li+ did not block the effects of NMDA. Concentrations of L-glutamate greater than or equal to 10(-6) M also increased [Ca2+]i. The effects of moderate concentrations of glutamate were blocked by AP5 but not by La3+ or by substitution of Na+ by Li+. The effects of glutamate were blocked by removal of external Ca2+ but were not blocked by concentrations of Mg2+ or MK801 that completely blocked the effects of NMDA. The glutamate analogs kainic acid (KA) and quisqualic acid also increased [Ca2+]i. The effects of KA were blocked by removal of external Ca2+ but not by La3+, Mg2+, MK801, or replacement of Na+ by Li+. Although AP5 was able to block the effects of KA partially, very high concentrations were required. These results may be explained by considering the properties of glutamate-receptor-linked ionophores. Excitatory amino acid induced increases in [Ca2+]i are consistent with the possibility that Ca2+ mediates excitatory amino acid induced neuronal degeneration.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pharmacological and Physiological Sciences, University of Chicago, Illinois 60637.
authors.forename: S N
authors.initials: SN
authors.lastname: Murphy
authors.forename: S A
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: Thayer
authors.forename: R J
authors.initials: RJ
authors.lastname: Miller
mesh_terms: D000596:Amino Acids / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000818:Animals; D001224:Aspartic Acid / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000494:pharmacology; D002118:Calcium / Q000378:metabolism*; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D003342:Corpus Striatum / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism*; D005971:Glutamates / Q000494:pharmacology; D066298:In Vitro Techniques; D007608:Kainic Acid / Q000494:pharmacology; D008274:Magnesium / Q000494:pharmacology; D051379:Mice; D016202:N-Methylaspartate; D009474:Neurons / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism*; D010069:Oxadiazoles / Q000494:pharmacology; D010539:Permeability; D016318:Quisqualic Acid
chemical_list: D000596:Amino Acids; D005971:Glutamates; D010069:Oxadiazoles; D001224:Aspartic Acid; D016202:N-Methylaspartate; D016318:Quisqualic Acid; D008274:Magnesium; D007608:Kainic Acid; D002118:Calcium