title: Effect of dietary fats and carbohydrate on blood pressure of mildly hypertensive patients.
abstract: The effect on blood pressure (BP) of replacing dietary saturated fat with either polyunsaturated fat (linoleic acid) or carbohydrate was studied in 21 untreated mildly hypertensive patients. In a randomized, double-blind, crossover protocol, all subjects received dietary supplements of cream, safflower oil, and carbohydrate in random sequence, each prepared in flavored yogurt or milk. Each supplement was administered for 6 weeks and followed by a 4-week washout period of no supplementation. Dietary linoleic acid increased from 4.6 to 13% of energy intake when the safflower oil replaced cream, while saturated fat decreased from 16 to 10%. Total fat intake was 37 to 38% during the cream and safflower oil periods but was 28% during the carbohydrate period. Compliance with the diets was demonstrated by significant changes in fasting plasma fatty acid measurements. Mean clinic BP was 135 +/- 9/93 +/- 6 mm Hg at baseline. There were no significant differences in BP measured in the clinic or at home among the three dietary periods. The protocol had more than 80% power to detect a mean effect of diet of 3 mm Hg systolic or 2 mm Hg diastolic BP. Therefore, replacing dietary saturated fat with carbohydrate or with linoleic acid does not affect BP in subjects with mild hypertension.
authors.affiliation: Channing Laboratory, Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA.
authors.forename: F M
authors.initials: FM
authors.lastname: Sacks
authors.forename: I L
authors.initials: IL
authors.lastname: Rouse
authors.forename: M J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Stampfer
authors.forename: L M
authors.initials: LM
authors.lastname: Bishop
authors.forename: C F
authors.initials: CF
authors.lastname: Lenherr
authors.forename: R J
authors.initials: RJ
authors.lastname: Walther
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001794:Blood Pressure; D002986:Clinical Trials as Topic; D004040:Dietary Carbohydrates / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D004042:Dietary Fats, Unsaturated / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D006973:Hypertension / Q000178:diet therapy* / Q000503:physiopathology; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011897:Random Allocation
chemical_list: D004040:Dietary Carbohydrates; D004042:Dietary Fats, Unsaturated