title: Long-term interleukin 2-dependent growth and cytotoxic activity of tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes from human squamous cell carcinomas of the head and neck.
abstract: Tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TIL) from 16 squamous cell carcinomas of head and neck (SCCH&N) and four nonsquamous cell carcinomas were studied. By immunoperoxidase staining in situ, the tumors studied were found to be infiltrated mainly by CD2+CD3+ cells, and 30-50% of the T-lymphocytes were HLA-DR positive and transferrin-receptor positive. They also contained scarce NKH1+ cells. When TIL as well as autologous peripheral blood lymphocytes (A-PBL) were cultured in 1,000 U/ml of recombinant interleukin 2 (rIL2), TIL proliferated in all but three cases, and A-PBL proliferated in all but two cases. Frequently, but not always, TIL expanded better than A-PBL. The median expansion for TIL was 100-fold and that for A-PBL was 31-fold in long-term cultures maintained for up to 88 days. TIL obtained from untreated primary SCCH&N were initially delayed for up to 20 days in their proliferative response to rIL2, but then grew well. In contrast, TIL and A-PBL from metastatic SCCH&N either did not proliferate or were delayed in their proliferative response for up to 40 or 50 days. A-PBL, when tested early (days 10-20 in culture), showed the highest cytotoxic activity against cultured and fresh tumor-cell targets, whereas TIL were most active later in culture (days 20-30). On a per culture basis, TIL achieved higher antitumor cytotoxicity than A-PBL. By day 80, lytic activities of most TIL cultures declined to undetectable levels. CD3+Leu19- T-lymphocytes were the major expanding cell population in most TIL cultures. However, these cells were poor mediators of antitumor cytotoxicity in TIL or A-PBL cultures as shown in cell sorting experiments. The antitumor effector cells expressed CD3-Leu19+ and/or CD3+Leu19+ phenotypes. On Giemsa-stained smears, these two types of IL2-expanded effector cells had the morphology of large granular lymphocytes. Our results indicate that TIL from human SCCH&N could be expanded and reach high levels of antitumor effector function in long-term cultures with rIL2.
authors.affiliation: Pittsburgh Cancer Institute, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pennsylvania 15261.
authors.forename: D S
authors.initials: DS
authors.lastname: Heo
authors.forename: T L
authors.initials: TL
authors.lastname: Whiteside
authors.forename: J T
authors.initials: JT
authors.lastname: Johnson
authors.forename: K N
authors.initials: KN
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: E L
authors.initials: EL
authors.lastname: Barnes
authors.forename: R B
authors.initials: RB
authors.lastname: Herberman
mesh_terms: D000945:Antigens, Differentiation, T-Lymphocyte / Q000032:analysis; D002294:Carcinoma, Squamous Cell / Q000473:pathology*; D002455:Cell Division / Q000187:drug effects; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D003602:Cytotoxicity, Immunologic; D006258:Head and Neck Neoplasms / Q000473:pathology*; D006801:Humans; D007124:Immunoenzyme Techniques; D007376:Interleukin-2 / Q000494:pharmacology*; D007694:Killer Cells, Natural / Q000276:immunology; D008214:Lymphocytes / Q000166:cytology / Q000276:immunology*; D010641:Phenotype; D011994:Recombinant Proteins / Q000494:pharmacology
chemical_list: D000945:Antigens, Differentiation, T-Lymphocyte; D007376:Interleukin-2; D011994:Recombinant Proteins