Treatment of nocturnal asthma: the role of sustained-release theophylline and oral beta-2-mimetics.
In two double-blind, multiple-dose cross-over studies the therapeutic effects of SR theophylline preparations given once each night (mean 11.2 mg/kg per day) versus twice daily in equal doses (mean 10.3 mg/kg per day) (study I) and SR-terbutaline in equal doses (mean 0.25 mg/kg per day) versus SR theophylline in unequally divided daily doses (mean 5.3 mg/kg morning dose, 10.6 mg/kg evening dose) study II) were compared in 19 patients with nocturnal asthma. At the end of each treatment period drug serum concentrations and PEFR were measured every 2 hr over a 24-hr period. With the twice-daily, equally divided regimen, serum theophylline concentrations were lower at night than during the day (mean 9.4 +/- 0.9 versus 11.3 +/- 1.0 mg/l). With the single evening administration, serum theophylline concentrations were considerably higher at night (Cmax 16.3 +/- 1.4 mg/l) and the circadian variation of PEFR was significantly reduced. PEFR was higher during night and early morning (283 +/- 14 versus 217 +/- 11 l/min, P less than 0.005). During daytime in study II, PEFR values were slightly higher with theophylline than terbutaline. There was no significant difference in peak flow between either treatment during the night and early morning. However, additional use of inhaled beta-2-mimetics because of asthmatic attacks occurred more often during terbutaline (79 times in 8/10 patients) than theophylline treatment (29 times in 5/10 patients). Symptom scores, number of attacks and side-effects clearly favor the theophylline regimen. We conclude that for patients with nocturnal asthma a once-nightly dose of SR theophylline can be sufficient for stabilization of the airways.
Wilkens
J H
JH
Zentren für Pharmakologie, Innere Medizin und Laboratoriumsmedizin der Medizinischen Hochschule Hannover, F.R.G.
Wilkens
H
H
Heins
M
M
Kurtin
L
L
Oellerich
M
M
Sybrecht
G W
GW
D000328:Adult; D001249:Asthma / Q000097:blood / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000503:physiopathology; D002940:Circadian Rhythm; D002986:Clinical Trials as Topic; D003692:Delayed-Action Preparations; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D004334:Drug Administration Schedule; D006801:Humans; D008875:Middle Aged; D010366:Peak Expiratory Flow Rate; D013726:Terbutaline / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000097:blood; D013806:Theophylline / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000097:blood
D003692:Delayed-Action Preparations; D013806:Theophylline; D013726:Terbutaline