title: Four methods compared for measuring des-carboxy-prothrombin (PIVKA-II).
abstract: PIVKA-II (Protein Induced by Vitamin K Absence) is abnormal des-carboxylated prothrombin, which is present in vitamin K deficiency or in patients using warfarin. With a sensitive method for PIVKA-II, biochemical vitamin K deficiency can be established before clinical symptoms occur. We give an overview of methods used to detect PIVKA-II, and four selected methods are inter-compared: (a) measuring total factor II including PIVKA-II by using Echis carinatus snake venom as an activator of prothrombin; (b) measuring PIVKA-II by using snake venom as an activator of factor II after adsorption of functional factor II onto barium sulfate; (c) electrophoresis-immunofixation method; and (d) enzyme immunoassay. We found d to be the most sensitive and reliable method for PIVKA-II.
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of the Department of Pediatrics and Surgery, Nijmegen University Hospital, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Widdershoven
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: van Munster
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: De Abreu
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Bosman
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: van Lith
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: van der Putten-van Meyel
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Motohara
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Matsuda
mesh_terms: D000327:Adsorption; D001466:Barium Sulfate; D015415:Biomarkers; D004586:Electrophoresis; D010450:Endopeptidases; D004789:Enzyme Activation; D006801:Humans; D007124:Immunoenzyme Techniques; D007158:Immunologic Techniques; D011498:Protein Precursors; D011516:Prothrombin / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000032:analysis / Q000378:metabolism; D014757:Viper Venoms; D014813:Vitamin K Deficiency / Q000097:blood
chemical_list: D015415:Biomarkers; D011498:Protein Precursors; D014757:Viper Venoms; D001466:Barium Sulfate; C008208:acarboxyprothrombin; D011516:Prothrombin; D010450:Endopeptidases; C020097:ecarin