Circulating vasoactive substances and hemodynamic adjustments at birth in lambs.
Circulating vasoactive substances and hemodynamics were examined in chronically instrumented unanesthetized lambs before, during, and after cesarean section (spontaneous respiration). One of three infusions were started 20 min before birth: saline control (n = 10), saralasin (n = 5), or captopril (n = 6). Control lambs exhibited peak (means +/- SE) increases above fetal base line at 5 min after birth in plasma renin activity (5.0 +/- 1.1 to 11.0 +/- 3.4 ng.ml-1.h-1), angiotensin II (ANG II, 37 +/- 6 to 141 +/- 45 pg/ml) and total catecholamines (318 +/- 35 to 3,821 +/- 580 pg/ml). Mean systemic arterial pressure (Psa) and arterial O2 partial pressure (PaO2) increased more rapidly and to a greater extent by 1 h after birth in control lambs (Psa, 65 +/- 1 Torr; PaO2, 45 +/- 3 Torr) compared with the captopril group (Psa, 53 +/- 2 Torr; PaO2, 31 +/- 4 Torr) and the saralasin group (Psa, 56 +/- 2 Torr; PaO2, 27 +/- 3 Torr). Intravenous infusions of ANG II in control lambs, 2 h after birth resulted in a preferential systemic vs. pulmonary pressor response. The results demonstrate that at birth ANG II formation fosters the postnatal rise in Psa and PaO2, and high levels of circulating catecholamines may support postnatal cardiac output and Psa.
Davidson
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Department of Pediatrics, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, New York 10032.
D000222:Adaptation, Physiological; D000313:Adrenal Medulla / Q000502:physiology; D000804:Angiotensin II / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000097:blood* / Q000494:pharmacology; D057911:Angiotensin Receptor Antagonists; D000818:Animals; D000831:Animals, Newborn / Q000097:blood* / Q000502:physiology; D001794:Blood Pressure / Q000187:drug effects; D002395:Catecholamines / Q000097:blood*; D005260:Female; D006439:Hemodynamics; D007743:Labor, Obstetric; D011247:Pregnancy; D011945:Receptors, Angiotensin / Q000378:metabolism; D012083:Renin / Q000097:blood*; D012084:Renin-Angiotensin System; D012756:Sheep; D013564:Sympathetic Nervous System / Q000502:physiology
D057911:Angiotensin Receptor Antagonists; D002395:Catecholamines; D011945:Receptors, Angiotensin; D000804:Angiotensin II; D012083:Renin