title: Amniotic fluid and fetal tissues are not heated by obstetric ultrasound scanning.
abstract: Amniotic fluid temperature in first trimester pregnancies and fetal subcutaneous tissue and amniotic fluid temperature in second trimester pregnancies, measured by a thermocouple probe, did not increase during sector, linear-array or Doppler ultrasound scanning. The mean fetal muscle temperature was higher (36.9 degrees C) than mean amniotic fluid temperature (36.6 degrees C) during the second trimester.
authors.forename: P W
authors.initials: PW
authors.lastname: Soothill
authors.forename: K H
authors.initials: KH
authors.lastname: Nicolaides
authors.forename: C H
authors.initials: CH
authors.lastname: Rodeck
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Campbell
mesh_terms: D000653:Amniotic Fluid / Q000502:physiology*; D005260:Female; D005333:Fetus / Q000502:physiology*; D006801:Humans; D011247:Pregnancy; D011261:Pregnancy Trimester, First; D011262:Pregnancy Trimester, Second; D011296:Prenatal Diagnosis / Q000379:methods*; D013696:Temperature; D014463:Ultrasonography / Q000009:adverse effects*