title: Clinical pharmacokinetics of carbonated local anesthetics. II: Interscalene brachial block model.
abstract: A double-blind comparison of 1.1% lidocaine carbonate and 1.0% lidocaine hydrochloride was carried out in 30 healthy adult patients undergoing upper-extremity surgery under interscalene brachial plexus block. Epinephrine (1:200,000) was added to both solutions just before injection. As compared to lidocaine hydrochloride, lidocaine carbonate produced, in addition to a 38% reduction in onset time, a remarkable increase in the extent of anesthesia: lidocaine carbonate produced surgical anesthesia of the entire upper extremity including the hand in 87% of the patients, whereas lidocaine hydrochloride produced similar anesthesia in only 53% of the patients. Thus, supplemental blocks were required in 66% of the patients who received lidocaine hydrochloride, whereas they were required in only 25% of those who received lidocaine carbonate.
authors.affiliation: Department of Anesthesiology, University of Illinois Medical Center at Chicago.
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Sukhani
authors.forename: A P
authors.initials: AP
authors.lastname: Winnie
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000779:Anesthetics, Local / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D001132:Arm / Q000601:surgery; D001917:Brachial Plexus; D002986:Clinical Trials as Topic; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D006801:Humans; D008012:Lidocaine / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D008875:Middle Aged; D009407:Nerve Block; D011446:Prospective Studies; D011897:Random Allocation
chemical_list: D000779:Anesthetics, Local; D008012:Lidocaine