title: Glycemic index of processed wheat products.
abstract: Our aim was to determine the in vivo glycemic and insulin responses and in vitro starch digestibility of seven processed wheat products (shortbread biscuits, custard, quick-cooking wheat, wholemeal bread, water biscuits, puffed wheat, and puffed crispbread). The degree of starch gelatinization in the foods was measured. Fifty-gram carbohydrate portions of the foods were fed to eight volunteers after an overnight fast. The calculated glycemic indices (GI) (mean +/- SEM) ranged from 43 +/- 10 for custard to 81 +/- 9 for puffed crispbread. Insulin responses paralleled the glycemic responses. The GI correlated positively with the percentage of starch digested in vitro (p less than 0.05). The degree of starch gelatinization ranged from 0.4 to 60% and correlated positively with the percentage starch digested in vitro (p less than 0.05). Differences in the glycemic and insulin responses to wheat products may be explained in part by the extent of processing and the degree of gelatinization achieved.
authors.affiliation: Department of Biochemistry, University of Sydney, Australia.
authors.forename: S W
authors.initials: SW
authors.lastname: Ross
authors.forename: J C
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Brand
authors.forename: A W
authors.initials: AW
authors.lastname: Thorburn
authors.forename: A S
authors.initials: AS
authors.lastname: Truswell
mesh_terms: D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000032:analysis*; D001939:Bread; D003296:Cooking; D004040:Dietary Carbohydrates / Q000378:metabolism*; D005433:Flour; D005511:Food Handling; D006801:Humans; D066298:In Vitro Techniques; D007328:Insulin / Q000032:analysis*; D013213:Starch / Q000378:metabolism*; D014908:Triticum
chemical_list: D001786:Blood Glucose; D004040:Dietary Carbohydrates; D007328:Insulin; D013213:Starch