title: Free radical production in amniotic fluid and blood plasma by medical ultrasound.
abstract: Evidence is reported that continuous wave and long pulse ultrasonic systems can induce relatively large amounts of free radicals in biological fluids in vitro under conditions similar to those currently in use for therapeutic applications. The operating conditions and approximate threshold intensities under which these instruments can produce free radicals are described.
authors.affiliation: Division of Anatomy, United Medical School, London, England.
authors.forename: L A
authors.initials: LA
authors.lastname: Crum
authors.forename: A J
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: Walton
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Mortimer
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Dyson
authors.forename: D C
authors.initials: DC
authors.lastname: Crawford
authors.forename: D F
authors.initials: DF
authors.lastname: Gaitan
mesh_terms: D000653:Amniotic Fluid / Q000378:metabolism*; D005260:Female; D005312:Fetal Blood / Q000378:metabolism*; D005609:Free Radicals; D005740:Gases / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D011247:Pregnancy; D011296:Prenatal Diagnosis; D012307:Risk Factors; D014464:Ultrasonic Therapy / Q000009:adverse effects*; D014463:Ultrasonography / Q000009:adverse effects
chemical_list: D005609:Free Radicals; D005740:Gases