title: Human granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor induces expression of the tumor necrosis factor gene by the U937 cell line and by normal human monocytes.
abstract: Human granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) exerts profound effects on the proliferation, differentiation, and effector function of myeloid lineage cells. In contrast to its growth-promoting effects on normal myeloid progenitor cells, we found that GM-CSF unexpectedly inhibited the colony growth of U937 cells in agar culture. Furthermore, medium conditioned by recombinant GM-CSF(rGM-CSF)-treated U937 cells was found to exert an inhibitory effect on subsequent U937 colony growth that was partially due to the presence of tumor necrosis factor (TNF). By Northern blot analysis, rGM-CSF was shown to induce expression of the TNF gene in U937 cells and in T-lymphocyte-depleted, monocyte-enriched peripheral blood mononuclear cells. Furthermore, rGM-CSF was observed to significantly enhance TNF secretion by monocytes stimulated with endotoxin and phorbol myristate acetate (PMA). These data suggest that some of the biological effects of GM-CSF may be amplified through the release of monokines such as TNF.
authors.forename: S A
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: Cannistra
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Rambaldi
authors.forename: D R
authors.initials: DR
authors.lastname: Spriggs
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Herrmann
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Kufe
authors.forename: J D
authors.initials: JD
authors.lastname: Griffin
mesh_terms: D002460:Cell Line; D003115:Colony-Stimulating Factors / Q000494:pharmacology*; D004731:Endotoxins / Q000494:pharmacology; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation / Q000187:drug effects*; D006023:Glycoproteins / Q000096:biosynthesis* / Q000235:genetics; D006098:Granulocytes; D006412:Hematopoietic Stem Cells / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D006644:Histiocytes / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism*; D006801:Humans; D016403:Lymphoma, Large B-Cell, Diffuse / Q000473:pathology; D008264:Macrophages; D009000:Monocytes / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism*; D011994:Recombinant Proteins / Q000494:pharmacology; D013755:Tetradecanoylphorbol Acetate / Q000494:pharmacology; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; D014410:Tumor Stem Cell Assay
chemical_list: D003115:Colony-Stimulating Factors; D004731:Endotoxins; D006023:Glycoproteins; D011994:Recombinant Proteins; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; D013755:Tetradecanoylphorbol Acetate