title: Cytokine-induced expression of HIV-1 in a chronically infected promonocyte cell line.
abstract: A model system for cytokine-induced up-regulation of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) expression in chronically infected promonocyte clones was established. The parent promonocyte cell line U937 was chronically infected with HIV-1 and from this line a clone, U1, was derived. U1 showed minimal constitutive expression of HIV-1, but virus expression was markedly up-regulated by a phytohemagglutinin-induced supernatant containing multiple cytokines and by recombinant granulocyte/macrophage colony-stimulating factor alone. Recombinant interleukin-1 (IL-1), IL-2, interferon-gamma, and tumor necrosis factor-alpha did not up-regulate virus expression. Concomitant with the cytokine-induced up-regulation of HIV-1, expression of membrane-bound IL-1 beta was selectively induced in U1 in the absence of induction of other surface membrane proteins. This cytokine up-regulation of IL-1 beta was not seen in the uninfected parent U937 cell line. These studies have implications for the understanding of the mechanism of progression from a latent or low-level HIV-1 infection to a productive infection with resulting immunosuppression. In addition, this model can be used to delineate the potential mechanisms whereby HIV-1 infection regulates cellular gene expression.
authors.affiliation: Laboratory of Immunoregulation, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Bethesda, MD 20892.
authors.forename: T M
authors.initials: TM
authors.lastname: Folks
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Justement
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Kinter
authors.forename: C A
authors.initials: CA
authors.lastname: Dinarello
authors.forename: A S
authors.initials: AS
authors.lastname: Fauci
mesh_terms: D001688:Biological Products / Q000494:pharmacology*; D002460:Cell Line; D002999:Clone Cells; D016207:Cytokines; D006678:HIV / Q000187:drug effects / Q000235:genetics / Q000254:growth & development*; D009000:Monocytes; D011994:Recombinant Proteins / Q000494:pharmacology
chemical_list: D001688:Biological Products; D016207:Cytokines; D011994:Recombinant Proteins