title: Effect of commercially available pantyhose on venous return in the lower extremity.
abstract: Although compression stockings have long been recognized as a physiologically significant tool for the promotion of venous return from the lower extremity, the role of nonprescription, commercially available support hose has not been assessed in this regard. The present study involved 100 consecutive women with no known prior history of vascular disease, who responded to an advertisement for free evaluation of the venous status of their legs. The subjects, all of whom wore commercial support hose routinely, were screened for the presence of venous disease by means of Doppler ultrasonography, phleborheography, and a detailed history focusing on risk factors and unrecognized symptoms of venous disease. Photoplethysmography (PPG) was then used to evaluate the efficiency of venous return from the lower extremity with and without the support hose in place. Worsening of PPG results occurred in 43% of the women with commercial stockings in place, whereas 23% improved and 34% showed no change. Women 50 years of age and older had a somewhat higher tendency toward poorer PPG results while wearing the support hose. Furthermore, measurements in women who showed evidence of venous disease by an abnormality in one or more of the screening tests were significantly different from the overall group (p = 0.025): 61% exhibited worsening of PPG results when wearing stockings, only 14% showed improvement, and 25% were unchanged. These results suggest that the use of a commercial support hose may be particularly deleterious to older women and is contraindicated in those with evidence of venous disease in the lower extremity.
authors.forename: M S
authors.initials: MS
authors.lastname: Godin
authors.forename: J C
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Rice
authors.forename: M D
authors.initials: MD
authors.lastname: Kerstein
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D003020:Clothing / Q000009:adverse effects*; D005069:Evaluation Studies as Topic; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007866:Leg / Q000098:blood supply*; D008875:Middle Aged; D010991:Plethysmography / Q000379:methods; D012039:Regional Blood Flow; D012306:Risk; D014463:Ultrasonography; D014652:Vascular Diseases / Q000175:diagnosis; D014680:Veins