title: Equine endotoxemia: cardiovascular, eicosanoid, hematologic, blood chemical, and plasma enzyme alterations.
abstract: Ponies with electromagnetic blood flow transducers implanted around the main pulmonary and left main coronary arteries, were used to evaluate effects of chronic sublethal endotoxin on cardiac output (CO), stroke volume, and left coronary blood flow (LCBF). Plasma thromboxane (TX), as indicated by TXB2, prostacyclin as indicated by 6-keto-prostaglandin (PG) F1 alpha, and hematologic and blood chemical values also were evaluated. Over 24 hours, 2 groups of ponies were given progressively increasing IV and intraperitoneal doses of Escherichia coli lipopolysaccharide (LPS) at 0, 6, 12, and 18 hours. Group 1 was not treated and group 2 was treated with flunixin meglumine, before each LPS insult. Initial LPS inoculation in group 1 led to 10-fold increases in TXB2 and 6-keto-PGF1 alpha values by 30 and 90 minutes, respectively. These eicosanoid values returned to base line by 6 hours after each insult. Although repeated LPS injections stimulated recurring high plasma concentrations of 6-keto-PGF1 alpha, TXB2 production became less with each successive LPS insult. Cardiac output decreased to 55% to 60% of base-line values in association with increased 6-keto-PGF1 alpha values. Left coronary blood flow could not be evaluated accurately. Severe lactic acidosis developed in group 1. Group-2 ponies remained clinically normal, indicating protection of cardiovascular function and peripheral perfusion with flunixin meglumine. Seemingly, flunixin meglumine helped to maintain acceptable cardiovascular function and tissue perfusion during endotoxemia. Flunixin meglumine given to healthy ponies had no effect on cardiovascular function.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
authors.forename: D S
authors.initials: DS
authors.lastname: Ward
authors.forename: J F
authors.initials: JF
authors.lastname: Fessler
authors.forename: G D
authors.initials: GD
authors.lastname: Bottoms
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Turek
mesh_terms: D015121:6-Ketoprostaglandin F1 alpha / Q000097:blood; D000818:Animals; D002302:Cardiac Output / Q000187:drug effects; D003002:Clonixin / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000494:pharmacology; D003326:Coronary Circulation / Q000187:drug effects; D004731:Endotoxins / Q000097:blood / Q000494:pharmacology*; D004926:Escherichia coli; D005260:Female; D006339:Heart Rate / Q000187:drug effects; D006439:Hemodynamics / Q000187:drug effects*; D006736:Horses / Q000502:physiology*; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides / Q000494:pharmacology*; D008297:Male; D013929:Thromboxane B2 / Q000097:blood
chemical_list: D004731:Endotoxins; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides; D013929:Thromboxane B2; D015121:6-Ketoprostaglandin F1 alpha; C014558:flunixin meglumine; D003002:Clonixin