title: Respiratory effects of hard-metal dust exposure.
abstract: Workers exposed to hard-metal dust are at risk of developing interstitial pulmonary fibrosis. Focusing on the lung parenchymal disorders that result, the author thoroughly reviews the background of the problem, animal studies and recent environmental data related to "hard-metal disease," the clinical presentation, and finally its etiology.
authors.forename: J R
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: Balmes
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001706:Biopsy; D003035:Cobalt / Q000009:adverse effects; D004391:Dust / Q000009:adverse effects*; D004781:Environmental Exposure; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008168:Lung / Q000473:pathology; D008297:Male; D008670:Metals / Q000009:adverse effects*; D011009:Pneumoconiosis / Q000473:pathology*; D011658:Pulmonary Fibrosis / Q000473:pathology
chemical_list: D004391:Dust; D008670:Metals; D003035:Cobalt