title: The diagnostic value of plasma proteins and non-protein nitrogen substances in birds.
abstract: This paper summarises current knowledge of the diagnostic value of avian plasma proteins and non-protein nitrogen substances. Reference values for total protein, the albumin: globulin ratio, uric acid, creatinine, and urea for various avian species are presented. The importance of the albumin:globulin ratio and the urea:uric acid ratio is emphasised.
authors.affiliation: Department of Avian and Exotic Animal Medicine, Small Animal Clinic, State University Utrecht, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: J T
authors.initials: JT
authors.lastname: Lumeij
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001715:Bird Diseases / Q000097:blood / Q000175:diagnosis*; D001717:Birds / Q000097:blood*; D001798:Blood Proteins / Q000032:analysis*; D003404:Creatinine / Q000097:blood; D012016:Reference Values; D012709:Serum Albumin / Q000032:analysis; D012712:Serum Globulins / Q000032:analysis; D014508:Urea / Q000097:blood*; D014527:Uric Acid / Q000097:blood*
chemical_list: D001798:Blood Proteins; D012709:Serum Albumin; D012712:Serum Globulins; D014527:Uric Acid; D014508:Urea; D003404:Creatinine