title: [Problems posed by HIV infection in women in tropical zones].
abstract: Retroviruses (mainly H.I.V. 1 and H.I.V. 2) are now largely spread over in Central Africa and Caribbean Islands, particularly in large cities. Their transmission is essentially horizontal and mainly sexual. As a matter of fact, sexual transmission is responsible in about 80% of the cases, leaving only a small percentage to transmission by needle (or by any aggressive material), blood or blood by-products. As far as sexual transmission is concerned, it is essentially heterosexual, in spite of the primary epidemic outbreak in the occidental world that focused interest toward male homosexual group, the first exposed to A.I.D.S. Nowadays we know that heterosexual transmission is important and bi-directionnal, even if transmission female to male has seemed to be more difficult to enlight, as it is common in sexually transmitted diseases. Transmission risk to an heterosexual partner is between 20 and 70%. Virus is present in semen, and in cervico-vaginalis secretions during all menstruation cycle. Vertical transmission, mother to child, through placenta or during delivery is frequent, and is of about 50%. First data on heterosexual transmission have been found in Central Africa, indicating high rates for prostitutes, their "customers", unmarried women with numerous partners, women with an other S.T.D. A.I.D.S. in child has been first described in Haïti and in Zaïre. The very important role played by heterosexual transmission imposed sanitary education and usage of contraceptives which are efficient but difficult to firmly recommended for social and cultural considerations.
authors.affiliation: Hôpital Claude-Bernard, Paris.
authors.forename: J P
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Coulaud
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Pradinaud
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Liautaud
mesh_terms: D000163:Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000517:prevention & control / Q000635:transmission*; D000350:Africa, Central; D005260:Female; D006205:Haiti; D006801:Humans; D011247:Pregnancy; D011251:Pregnancy Complications, Infectious; D014329:Tropical Climate
vernacular_title: Les problèmes posés par l'infection à virus HIV chez les femmes en zone tropicale.