title: Endogenous polyamines are intimately associated with highly condensed chromatin in vivo. A fluorescence cytochemical and immunocytochemical study of spermine and spermidine during the cell cycle and in reactivated nuclei.
abstract: Polyamines are low molecular weight aliphatic polycations essential for cell proliferation and differentiation. By immunocytochemistry, as well as by two independent fluorescence cytochemical methods, we show that polyamines are associated with highly condensed chromatin in nucleated erythrocytes and in metaphase and anaphase chromosomes. In other cells, polyamines mainly occur in cytoplasm. The association between polyamines and DNA in condensed chromatin is so close that DNase treatment is necessary for making polyamines available for reaction with antibodies. Studies of chick/HeLa cell heterokaryons reveal that polyamines disappear from the chick erythrocyte nuclei concomitantly with DNA decondensation and initiation of RNA synthesis. Our data strongly suggest that polyamines are important for chromatin condensation in vivo.
authors.forename: D M
authors.initials: DM
authors.lastname: Hougaard
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Bolund
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Fujiwara
authors.forename: L I
authors.initials: LI
authors.lastname: Larsson
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002453:Cell Cycle; D002467:Cell Nucleus / Q000648:ultrastructure*; D002645:Chickens; D002843:Chromatin / Q000648:ultrastructure*; D004912:Erythrocytes / Q000166:cytology; D006367:HeLa Cells / Q000166:cytology; D006801:Humans; D007124:Immunoenzyme Techniques; D013095:Spermidine / Q000032:analysis*; D013096:Spermine / Q000032:analysis*
chemical_list: D002843:Chromatin; D013096:Spermine; D013095:Spermidine