title: Identification and expansion of human lymphokine-activated killer cells: implications for the immunotherapy of cancer.
abstract: Immunotherapy with lymphokine-activated killer (LAK) cells and interleukin 2 (IL-2) has been demonstrated to cause the regression of some human tumors. Expansion of peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBL) in recombinant or naturally produced IL-2, mitogens, and feeder cells results in a progressive expansion of cell number but a decline in lytic activity with time. Lytic activity for fresh tumor is best generated in IL-2 alone from specific purified subpopulations of lymphocytes. The precursor of the LAK cell has been isolated from a nonadherent, sheep erythrocyte receptor negative (E-) lymphocyte subpopulation by the selection of Leu 11+ and Leu 15+ cells by cell sorting. Separation resulted in a significant increase (P2 less than 0.05) in lytic activity against fresh tumor by the separated 11+15+ lymphocytes compared to the 11-/15- lymphocytes or PBL. Leu 11+/15+ lymphocytes could be expanded up to eightfold in IL-2 alone with maintenance of lytic activity. We identified two surface antigens on the LAK precursor cell, Leu 15 and Leu 11, and demonstrated a technique for obtaining purified populations of these cells. Purified and expanded LAK cells when administered to patients may have a role in increasing the potency and decreasing the toxicity associated with this therapy.
authors.forename: J M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Skibber
authors.forename: M T
authors.initials: MT
authors.lastname: Lotze
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Uppenkamp
authors.forename: W
authors.initials: W
authors.lastname: Ross
authors.forename: S A
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: Rosenberg
mesh_terms: D002455:Cell Division; D002469:Cell Separation / Q000379:methods; D003601:Cytotoxicity Tests, Immunologic; D005455:Fluorescent Antibody Technique; D006801:Humans; D007167:Immunotherapy / Q000379:methods; D007376:Interleukin-2 / Q000494:pharmacology*; D007694:Killer Cells, Natural / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects / Q000276:immunology*; D008213:Lymphocyte Activation / Q000187:drug effects; D008934:Mitogens / Q000494:pharmacology; D009369:Neoplasms / Q000628:therapy; D012397:Rosette Formation
chemical_list: D007376:Interleukin-2; D008934:Mitogens