title: The terminal organ of the subcommissural complex of chordates: definition and perspectives.
abstract: The subcommissural organ (SCO) exhibits anatomical characteristics of an endocrine organ: The secretion is released either into the blood (hypendymal capillaries) or the CSF of the 3rd ventricle; excretory ducts are absent; the active secretory activity of the ependymal cells can be regulated by humorally transmitted messages or by neural input. The rate of production of the Reissner's fibre (RF) by the SCO is rather fast, and the secretory material is stored in the ampulla caudalis (AC) and must be continuously discharged accordingly. Structures jointly involved in depletion of the AC and the decomposition and removal of the massa caudalis (MC) are collectively called the terminal organ (TO). The TO of the SCO-complex is formed by an assemblage of different structures in the caudal segment of the spinal cord (neurogenic part) and in the tissues (non-neurogenic part) which encompass this part of the cord. The different parts of the TO are characterized, even at the cellular level, by specializations which support the discharge as well as the dissolution of the material of the MC. The RF may be a detoxicator for the CSF, but also a carrier of hormonally active substances. In this case the TO is a site of release of hormones. The function of the entire complex is still under discussion, particularly its role in endocrine integration.
authors.forename: H O
authors.initials: HO
authors.lastname: Hofer
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002552:Cerebral Ventricles / Q000033:anatomy & histology; D002816:Chordata, Nonvertebrate / Q000033:anatomy & histology*; D004805:Ependyma / Q000033:anatomy & histology; D009412:Nerve Fibers / Q000648:ultrastructure; D009489:Neurosecretion; D009490:Neurosecretory Systems / Q000033:anatomy & histology*; D013045:Species Specificity; D013351:Subcommissural Organ / Q000033:anatomy & histology*