title: The use of implanted closed-tip catheters for the introduction of thermometry probes during local hyperthermia treatment series.
abstract: In the past two and a half years custom-made closed-tip catheters have been used to allow extensive temperature monitoring with multi-junction thermocouple probes during local hyperthermia. Data from animal experiments indicate that the use of thermometry probes within such a catheter provides reliable temperature measurements. In order to reduce stress to the patient the catheters were fixed so that they could stay in place during the total treatment series. The catheters, outer diameter 1.22 mm, were introduced through hollow needles under sterile conditions before the first hyperthermia session, and fixed using Histo-acryl (tissue adhesive) and Tegaderm (transparent adhesive). Recently, the data concerning the first 180 catheters placed in 74 treatment areas were evaluated. In one patient, an abscess developed 10 days after removal of the (3) catheters, which required surgical intervention, but it was not clear whether these problems had developed as a result of catheter placement. There were no problems with 139 of the remaining 177 catheters (79 per cent) and in 50 treatment fields (68 per cent), respectively, for a duration of 9-55 (mean 23) days. Ten catheters (6 per cent) were lost during the treatment series after 1-22 (mean 10) days. With 28 catheters (16 per cent) infection was observed, 14-27 (mean 19) days after insertion, which necessitated catheter removal before the last treatment session in 11 cases (6 per cent). The complication rate decreased with increasing experience; from 29 per cent (25/85) in the early period to 14 per cent (13/92) in the later period. We conclude that the use of closed-tip catheters under proper control generally causes few, if any, problems. This results in the acquisition of a substantial amount of reliable temperature data at reproducible sites, and it is well tolerated by the patient.
authors.affiliation: Department of Hyperthermia, Dr Daniel den Hoed Cancer Centre, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: van der Zee
authors.forename: G C
authors.initials: GC
authors.lastname: van Rhoon
authors.forename: M P
authors.initials: MP
authors.lastname: Broekmeijer-Reurink
authors.forename: H S
authors.initials: HS
authors.lastname: Reinhold
mesh_terms: D000230:Adenocarcinoma / Q000532:radiotherapy / Q000628:therapy; D000368:Aged; D002404:Catheterization / Q000379:methods; D002408:Catheters, Indwelling / Q000009:adverse effects; D003131:Combined Modality Therapy; D004867:Equipment Design; D005548:Foreign-Body Migration / Q000209:etiology; D006801:Humans; D006979:Hyperthermia, Induced / Q000295:instrumentation* / Q000379:methods; D008297:Male; D009369:Neoplasms / Q000628:therapy; D011471:Prostatic Neoplasms / Q000532:radiotherapy / Q000628:therapy; D013530:Surgical Wound Infection / Q000209:etiology; D013817:Thermography / Q000295:instrumentation*