title: Endourologic management of upper and mid ureteral calculi: percutaneous antegrade extraction vs transurethral ureteroscopy.
abstract: Fifty patients requiring intervention for upper or mid ureteral calculi were managed initially with a percutaneous antegrade approach (25 patients) or a transurethral ureteroscopic approach (25 patients). In both groups, a crossover to the other modality was at times utilized to accomplish stone removal. Success for either group was defined as complete stone removal without the need for open intervention.
authors.affiliation: Department of Urology, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Ohio.
authors.forename: S B
authors.initials: SB
authors.lastname: Streem
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Hall
authors.forename: M G
authors.initials: MG
authors.lastname: Zelch
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Risius
authors.forename: M A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Geisinger
mesh_terms: D004724:Endoscopy; D006801:Humans; D008096:Lithotripsy; D012307:Risk Factors; D014514:Ureteral Calculi / Q000601:surgery / Q000628:therapy*