title: Outpatient sedation for oral surgery: a comparison of butorphanol and fentanyl.
abstract: Third molar surgery in the oral and maxillofacial surgery office has been a predictable model for evaluating the efficacy of sedatives and analgesics. In this setting, butorphanol plus diazepam and fentanyl plus diazepam were compared for surgical effectiveness and postoperative recovery. The comparison of butorphanol to a known sedative combination was clinically very satisfactory. It appears from this data that butorphanol has a pharmacologic place in outpatient conscious sedation.
authors.affiliation: Oral Maxillofacial Surgery Service, Walter Reed Army Medical Center, Washington, D.C.
authors.forename: O L
authors.initials: OL
authors.lastname: Day
authors.forename: J A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Nespeca
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Ringgold
authors.forename: D A
authors.initials: DA
authors.lastname: Behr
authors.forename: R P
authors.initials: RP
authors.lastname: Evens
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000766:Anesthesia, Dental; D002077:Butorphanol; D003975:Diazepam; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D004338:Drug Combinations; D004341:Drug Evaluation; D005260:Female; D005283:Fentanyl; D006801:Humans; D006993:Hypnotics and Sedatives; D007432:Intraoperative Period; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D008964:Molar, Third / Q000601:surgery; D009019:Morphinans; D011184:Postoperative Period; D011897:Random Allocation; D014081:Tooth Extraction
chemical_list: D004338:Drug Combinations; D006993:Hypnotics and Sedatives; D009019:Morphinans; D003975:Diazepam; D002077:Butorphanol; D005283:Fentanyl