title: Unrecognized small vesicovaginal fistula as a cause of persistent urinary incontinence.
abstract: Three cases of persistent urinary incontinence from unrecognized small vesicovaginal fistula after abdominal hysterectomy for benign gynecologic disease are presented. Visualization of urine in the posterior fornix was suggestive; diagnosis was confirmed by methylene blue test and cystoscopy. Two patients had undergone interval Marshall-Marchetti-Krantz operations for suspected stress-related urinary incontinence. An extensive literature survey confirms that the vesicovaginal fistula were an unlikely complication of the Marshall-Marchetti-Krantz procedure.
authors.affiliation: Gynecological Urology and Urodynamic Investigative Unit, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
authors.forename: H P
authors.initials: HP
authors.lastname: Drutz
authors.forename: T C
authors.initials: TC
authors.lastname: Mainprize
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008875:Middle Aged; D011183:Postoperative Complications / Q000209:etiology; D014549:Urinary Incontinence / Q000209:etiology*; D014719:Vesicovaginal Fistula / Q000150:complications* / Q000175:diagnosis