title: Clinical approach to the hyperosmolar patient.
abstract: The successful evaluation and treatment of the hypertonic patient depends on a clear understanding of the differences between effective and noneffective solute and the consequences of changes in these solutes for water distribution. Measured osmolality, calculated osmolality, tonicity, and sodium concentration must be evaluated in the approach to these patients.
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan.
authors.forename: M A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Geheb
mesh_terms: D001834:Body Water / Q000378:metabolism; D003919:Diabetes Insipidus / Q000150:complications / Q000209:etiology / Q000378:metabolism / Q000628:therapy; D005110:Extracellular Space / Q000502:physiology; D006801:Humans; D006944:Hyperglycemic Hyperosmolar Nonketotic Coma / Q000209:etiology / Q000378:metabolism / Q000628:therapy; D007674:Kidney Diseases / Q000150:complications / Q000378:metabolism; D009994:Osmolar Concentration; D012964:Sodium / Q000378:metabolism / Q000502:physiology; D014883:Water-Electrolyte Imbalance / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D012964:Sodium