title: A 13 bp palindrome is a functional estrogen responsive element and interacts specifically with estrogen receptor.
abstract: Sequences located upstream of the transcription initiation site of the Xenopus vitellogenin A2 (vit A2) gene contain a hormone dependent enhancer that confers estrogen control to the heterologous thymidine kinase (tk) promoter. As a minimal functional estrogen responsive element (ERE), we have defined the 13 bp palindrome GGTCACAGTGACC. This ERE binds estrogen receptor preferentially in vitro. Although the ERE shares some structural features with the glucocorticoid responsive element (GRE) it is distinct from this element since it neither binds glucocorticoid receptor in vitro nor does it confer glucocorticoid inducibility to a fusion gene. Point mutations within the ERE decrease its affinity for the estrogen receptor and result in a complete loss of estrogen inducibility.
authors.affiliation: Kernforschungszentrum Karlsruhe, Institut für Genetik und Toxikologie, FRG.
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Klein-Hitpass
authors.forename: G U
authors.initials: GU
authors.lastname: Ryffel
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Heitlinger
authors.forename: A C
authors.initials: AC
authors.lastname: Cato
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001483:Base Sequence; D004742:Enhancer Elements, Genetic; D004967:Estrogens / Q000502:physiology*; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation; D011401:Promoter Regions, Genetic; D011485:Protein Binding; D011960:Receptors, Estrogen / Q000502:physiology*; D011965:Receptors, Glucocorticoid / Q000378:metabolism; D012045:Regulatory Sequences, Nucleic Acid; D013937:Thymidine Kinase / Q000235:genetics; D014157:Transcription Factors / Q000502:physiology; D014158:Transcription, Genetic; D014819:Vitellogenins / Q000235:genetics*; D014982:Xenopus laevis
chemical_list: D004967:Estrogens; D011960:Receptors, Estrogen; D011965:Receptors, Glucocorticoid; D014157:Transcription Factors; D014819:Vitellogenins; D013937:Thymidine Kinase