title: Acute renal failure.
abstract: Acute renal failure is divided into its classic parts: prerenal azotemia, postrenal azotemia (obstruction), and renal azotemia (including acute tubular necrosis). The division of acute tubular necrosis into the ischemic and toxic varieties is supplemented by an analysis of toxic varieties into those caused by antibiotics, radiologic contrast agents, chemotherapeutic-immunosuppressive agents, heavy metals, organic solvents, etc. Acute tubular necrosis caused by hemoglobin and myoglobin is described in detail. The importance of urinalysis and the urinary indices in distinguishing prerenal azotemia from acute tubular necrosis is stressed. Finally, current prognosis and treatment are reviewed.
authors.affiliation: Department of Internal Medicine, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan.
authors.forename: D H
authors.initials: DH
authors.lastname: Sillix
authors.forename: F D
authors.initials: FD
authors.lastname: McDonald
mesh_terms: D058186:Acute Kidney Injury / Q000209:etiology* / Q000628:therapy / Q000652:urine; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000009:adverse effects; D003287:Contrast Media / Q000009:adverse effects; D006801:Humans; D010860:Pigments, Biological / Q000009:adverse effects; D012997:Solvents / Q000009:adverse effects; D014511:Uremia / Q000209:etiology / Q000628:therapy / Q000652:urine
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D003287:Contrast Media; D010860:Pigments, Biological; D012997:Solvents