title: Differential effects of procainamide, lidocaine and acetylstrophanthidin on body surface potentials and epicardial conduction in dogs with chronic myocardial infarction.
abstract: Twenty-eight anesthetized mongrel dogs were studied 2 to 74 months after experimental myocardial infarction in order to examine the effects of procainamide, lidocaine and acetylstrophanthidin on conduction within the infarcted region and the way such effects relate to changes in body surface potentials and antiarrhythmic efficacy. In each animal, 100 to 200 QRS complexes in the X, Y, Z leads were signal averaged, vector summed and high pass filtered at 50 Hz. Susceptibility to ventricular arrhythmia was evaluated using routine programmed ventricular extrastimulation in the anesthetized open chest animal. Epicardial electrograms were sequentially recorded at 45 standard sites within the infarcted region and referenced to the beginning of the QRS complex. Of the three agents, only procainamide exhibited antiarrhythmic action whereas lidocaine and acetylstrophanthidin produced inconsistent effects. Procainamide prolonged the time at which activity in the epicardial electrographic recordings ended relative to the beginning of the body surface QRS complex. This effect was significantly greater in electrograms that ended late in the QRS complex in the control state than for those that ended earlier. Such preferential effect on more abnormal sites was reflected on the body surface as a greater effect of procainamide in prolonging the lower energy terminal portion of the signal-averaged QRS complex than the earlier high energy portion. In contrast, lidocaine significantly prolonged the time at which electrograms ended only for those relatively normal electrograms that ended early in the QRS complex in the control state. In the signal-averaged body surface QRS complex, lidocaine produced a small but significant prolongation of the early high energy portion of the QRS complex but no change in the late portion. Acetylstrophanthidin produced a significant prolongation in early-ending electrograms and, surprisingly, significantly shortened the end time of electrograms that ended late in the QRS complex in the control state. Such effects were not reflected, however, on the body surface because acetylstrophanthidin had no significant effect on either the early or the late portion of the QRS complex. It is concluded that procainamide's differential effect between early- and late-ending electrograms is detected on the body surface by a greater prolongation in the terminal portion of the QRS complex. The signal-averaged body surface QRS complex is less sensitive in detecting the more subtle effects on conduction caused by lidocaine and acetylstrophanthidin.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
authors.affiliation: Department of Animal Biology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia 19104.
authors.forename: C D
authors.initials: CD
authors.lastname: de Langen
authors.forename: R F
authors.initials: RF
authors.lastname: Hanich
authors.forename: E L
authors.initials: EL
authors.lastname: Michelson
authors.forename: A H
authors.initials: AH
authors.lastname: Kadish
authors.forename: J H
authors.initials: JH
authors.lastname: Levine
authors.forename: C W
authors.initials: CW
authors.lastname: Balke
authors.forename: J F
authors.initials: JF
authors.lastname: Spear
authors.forename: E N
authors.initials: EN
authors.lastname: Moore
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000889:Anti-Arrhythmia Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D001145:Arrhythmias, Cardiac / Q000503:physiopathology; D002908:Chronic Disease; D004285:Dogs; D004562:Electrocardiography / Q000379:methods*; D004594:Electrophysiology; D006329:Heart Conduction System / Q000187:drug effects*; D008012:Lidocaine / Q000494:pharmacology; D009203:Myocardial Infarction / Q000503:physiopathology*; D010496:Pericardium / Q000187:drug effects / Q000503:physiopathology*; D011342:Procainamide / Q000494:pharmacology; D012867:Skin / Q000503:physiopathology; D013327:Strophanthidin / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000494:pharmacology
chemical_list: D000889:Anti-Arrhythmia Agents; D013327:Strophanthidin; D008012:Lidocaine; C004681:acetylstrophanthidin; D011342:Procainamide