title: Accuracy of electrical impedance cardiography for measuring cardiac output in children with congenital heart defects.
abstract: This study determined whether noninvasive electrical impedance cardiography accurately measures systemic blood flow (cardiac output) in children with congenital heart defects. A total of 37 patients ranging in age from 2 to 171 months underwent complete right- and left-sided heart catheterizations that included simultaneous Fick and impedance measurement of cardiac output. Based on the diagnosis, 4 groups were formed consisting of a control group (n = 11) with no shunts, a group with intracardiac left-to-right shunting and an atrial septal defect (n = 7), another with a ventricular septal defect (n = 12) and an extracardiac left-to-right shunting with patent ductus arteriosus group (n = 7). Impedance values for systemic blood flow were compared with systemic and pulmonary blood flow obtained by the direct Fick method with measured oxygen consumption. The difference between impedance and Fick systemic blood flow was less than or equal to 5% in each of the 4 groups. The highest correlation between impedance and Fick systemic blood flow was with the atrial septal defect group (r = 0.89) and lowest with the ventricular septal defect and control (r = 0.69) groups. Fick pulmonary blood flow was significantly greater than impedance or Fick systemic flow in all 3 shunt groups. Impedance cardiography accurately measured systemic blood flow in children without shunts or valvular insufficiency. Likewise, systemic blood flow was accurately measured by impedance in the presence of intracardiac left-to-right shunts (atrial and ventricular septal defects) and extracardiac left-to-right shunts (patent ductus arteriosus).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
authors.affiliation: Department of Physiology and Biophysics, School of Medicine, Wright State University, Dayton, Ohio 45401-0927.
authors.forename: D S
authors.initials: DS
authors.lastname: Miles
authors.forename: R W
authors.initials: RW
authors.lastname: Gotshall
authors.forename: J C
authors.initials: JC
authors.lastname: Golden
authors.forename: D T
authors.initials: DT
authors.lastname: Tuuri
authors.forename: R H
authors.initials: RH
authors.lastname: Beekman
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Dillon
mesh_terms: D001775:Blood Circulation; D006328:Cardiac Catheterization; D002302:Cardiac Output; D002307:Cardiography, Impedance; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D004374:Ductus Arteriosus, Patent / Q000503:physiopathology; D006330:Heart Defects, Congenital / Q000503:physiopathology*; D006343:Heart Septal Defects / Q000503:physiopathology; D006801:Humans; D010992:Plethysmography, Impedance; D011652:Pulmonary Circulation