title: Sorbitol catharsis does not enhance efficacy of charcoal in a simulated acetaminophen overdose.
abstract: The use of a 70% sorbitol solution has recently been advocated as an adjunct to activated charcoal. This results in rapid and profuse catharsis that could possibly cause fluid and electrolyte imbalance. An investigation was undertaken to determine if sorbitol catharsis enhanced the antidotal efficacy of activated charcoal. Eight healthy volunteers participated in a randomized, crossover trial. Subjects ingested 3 g of acetaminophen followed by either no intervention, 50 g of plain activated charcoal at one hour, or 50 g activated charcoal-sorbitol solution at one hour. Serial acetaminophen levels were determined at intervals over eight hours and side effects noted. Both interventions significantly reduced the area under the curve versus control (P less than .05). The addition of sorbitol did not enhance the efficacy of activated charcoal but did increase the side effects noted. Sorbitol has not been proven effective in enhancing drug removal and has side effects that can be significant in a poisoned patient. Current data do not warrant its use, and further investigations should be carried out with other ingested drugs.
authors.affiliation: Department of Emergency Medicine, Medical College of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia 19129.
authors.forename: R M
authors.initials: RM
authors.lastname: McNamara
authors.forename: C K
authors.initials: CK
authors.lastname: Aaron
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Gemborys
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Davidheiser
mesh_terms: D000082:Acetaminophen / Q000506:poisoning*; D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D002400:Cathartics / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D002606:Charcoal / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D004359:Drug Therapy, Combination; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D011897:Random Allocation; D012996:Solutions; D013012:Sorbitol / Q000008:administration & dosage*
chemical_list: D002400:Cathartics; D012996:Solutions; D002606:Charcoal; D000082:Acetaminophen; D013012:Sorbitol