title: Patient-controlled analgesia using butorphanol for postoperative pain relief: an open-label study.
abstract: Patient-controlled analgesia (PCA) has been studied extensively for the treatment of postoperative pain using narcotic analgesics. Butorphanol, a nonnarcotic injectable analgesic, has not previously been investigated using this drug delivery mechanism. Twenty-five patients undergoing general abdominal surgery and general anesthesia used a PCA device with butorphanol as the analgesic agent. Most patients (84%) were able to obtain excellent postoperative pain relief. The role of butorphanol in the management of postoperative pain should be expanded to include patient-controlled drug delivery.
authors.affiliation: Drug Product Evaluation Unit, College of Pharmacy, University of Kentucky Medical Center, Lexington.
authors.forename: D P
authors.initials: DP
authors.lastname: Wermeling
authors.forename: T S
authors.initials: TS
authors.lastname: Foster
authors.forename: E A
authors.initials: EA
authors.lastname: Farrington
authors.forename: W O
authors.initials: WO
authors.lastname: Witt
authors.forename: H H
authors.initials: HH
authors.lastname: Gallion
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Donaldson
authors.forename: J R
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: van Nagell
authors.forename: W R
authors.initials: WR
authors.lastname: Outman
authors.forename: D P
authors.initials: DP
authors.lastname: McPherson
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D002077:Butorphanol / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D005069:Evaluation Studies as Topic; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009019:Morphinans / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D010147:Pain Measurement; D010149:Postoperative Pain / Q000188:drug therapy*; D012646:Self Administration
chemical_list: D009019:Morphinans; D002077:Butorphanol