title: Flashbacks after traumatic hand injuries: prognostic indicators.
abstract: Flashbacks of a traumatic hand injury may compromise a patient's rehabilitation process. This study examined the nature and significance of these flashbacks in a work-injured population. We also evaluated the ability of these patients to return to work at the site of the original injury. Sixty-one patients with work-related, traumatic hand injuries received psychological evaluation and treatment. All patients experienced flashbacks. The following three types of flashbacks were identified: (1) a replaying of the events occurring just before the accident and continuing until the injury (replay flashbacks), (2) an image of the injured hand just after the trauma occurred (appraisal flashbacks), and (3) images in which an injury that was more severe than the one that actually occurred were perceived (projected flashbacks). Regardless of the result of injury, patients with replay flashbacks were the most likely to return to their former employment (95.2%) after only 4.8 1-hour sessions of psychotherapy for control of symptoms. Patients with a combination of appraisal and projected flashbacks were the least likely to return to work (10.3%), despite the fact they received an average of 13.1 1-hour sessions of psychotherapy.
authors.affiliation: Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee.
authors.forename: B K
authors.initials: BK
authors.lastname: Grunert
authors.forename: C A
authors.initials: CA
authors.lastname: Devine
authors.forename: H S
authors.initials: HS
authors.lastname: Matloub
authors.forename: J R
authors.initials: JR
authors.lastname: Sanger
authors.forename: N J
authors.initials: NJ
authors.lastname: Yousif
mesh_terms: D000062:Accidents, Occupational; D000673:Amputation, Traumatic / Q000523:psychology; D006230:Hand Injuries / Q000523:psychology* / Q000534:rehabilitation; D006801:Humans; D008568:Memory; D011939:Mental Recall; D011379:Prognosis; D011613:Psychotherapy