Normal diastolic filling patterns of the left ventricle.
Pulsed Doppler measurements on both sides of the mitral valve and M-mode left ventricular echocardiograms were performed in 215 healthy subjects, 120 males and 95 females, between one and 65 years old, in order to evaluate normal diastolic filling patterns of the left ventricle. The relation between the maximum blood velocity during early passive filling (E wave) and during atrial contraction (A wave) was computed from the Doppler spectra obtained proximal and distal to the mitral valve, resulting in the EA ratio. The influence on the EA ratio of age, gender, body surface area, blood pressure, heart rate, PR interval, respiration, wall thickness and basal wall mass of the left ventricle was investigated. The study showed that the EA ratio measured proximal to the mitral valve (in the left atrium) was significantly smaller than the EA ratio measured distal (in the left ventricle) and that the only prominent relations with the EA ratio were those with age and heart rate. The EA ratio declines with age: proximal to the mitral valve from approximately (medians) 2.5 to 1 and distal to it from 3.5 to 1.5. All other physiological variables are weakly related or unrelated to the EA ratio in this group of healthy subjects.
Van Dam
I
I
Interuniversity Cardiology Institute/University Hospital Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
Fast
J
J
de Boo
T
T
Hopman
J
J
Van Oort
A
A
Heringa
A
A
Alsters
J
J
Van Der Werf
T
T
Daniëls
O
O
D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000367:Age Factors; D000368:Aged; D016275:Atrial Function; D001783:Blood Flow Velocity; D002306:Cardiac Volume; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D003971:Diastole; D004452:Echocardiography / Q000379:methods*; D005260:Female; D006321:Heart / Q000502:physiology*; D006339:Heart Rate; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009200:Myocardial Contraction; D012016:Reference Values; D012044:Regression Analysis; D016276:Ventricular Function