title: The emergency department ECG and immediately life-threatening complications in initially uncomplicated suspected myocardial ischemia.
abstract: The emergency physician's disposition of patients with suspected myocardial ischemia is currently debated; some physicians believe that a subgroup of patients can be managed safely outside the coronary care unit. Clinical predictors are needed in assessing the patient with suspected myocardial ischemia to help identify this subgroup. Through a retrospective cohort study, we investigated the value of the initial emergency department ECG in discriminating between chest pain patients with low and high risk for immediately life-threatening complications. Two hundred eleven initially uncomplicated consecutive coronary care unit admissions with suspected unstable angina or myocardial infarction were studied. Patient outcome, including the incidence of myocardial infarction, complications, and mechanical and pharmacologic interventions, was reviewed. Immediately life-threatening complications included ventricular fibrillation, ventricular tachycardia, shock, 2 degrees and 3 degrees block, and death. Mechanical interventions included electrocardioversion or defibrillation, endotracheal intubation, intra-aortic balloon pump, Swan-Ganz catheter, or pacemaker insertion. Pressors, antiarrhythmics, and vasodilators were the reviewed pharmacologic interventions. A positive ECG was defined by the presence of ST elevation or depression, T wave inversion, left ventricular hypertrophy, left bundle branch block, paced rhythm, or new Q waves. All other ECG interpretations were considered negative. Patients were divided into two groups based on this initial emergency physician ECG interpretation and their complication incidences compared. Of the 211 patients, 96 had a positive ECG; 115 had negative ECGs. Patients with positive ECGs were older, had a greater history and concurrent incidence of myocardial infarction, and more complications and intensive interventions.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, University of Illinois, Chicago.
authors.forename: R J
authors.initials: RJ
authors.lastname: Zalenski
authors.forename: E P
authors.initials: EP
authors.lastname: Sloan
authors.forename: E H
authors.initials: EH
authors.lastname: Chen
authors.forename: R F
authors.initials: RF
authors.lastname: Hayden
authors.forename: I W
authors.initials: IW
authors.lastname: Gold
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Cooke
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D000787:Angina Pectoris / Q000150:complications*; D000789:Angina, Unstable / Q000150:complications* / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000503:physiopathology; D001145:Arrhythmias, Cardiac / Q000209:etiology / Q000628:therapy; D004562:Electrocardiography; D004630:Emergencies; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009203:Myocardial Infarction / Q000150:complications* / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000503:physiopathology; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012307:Risk Factors