title: Some observations relating to behind-body armour blunt trauma effects caused by ballistic impact.
abstract: Live, anesthetised pigs were used to assess behind-armour blunt trauma effects. The thoraco-abdominal body region was covered with varying thicknesses of Kevlar fabric packets. This soft body armour was applied, either in direct contact with the thoracic wall of the animals, or with different plastic foam sheets, so-called trauma packs, between the armour and the skin. The live animals were surgically evaluated, and then sacrificed. Blocks of soft soap were subjected to equal tests and the behind-armour indentations were measured. The results indicate that serious injury to the body armour-protected chest may be caused by the impact of nonpenetrating bullets and shotgun pellets. Severe pulmonary contusions and lacerations were found when the energy transferred through the body armour was estimated to be high.
authors.affiliation: Department of Surgery, Ostra Hospital, University of Göteborg, Sweden.
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Lidén
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Berlin
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Janzon
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Schantz
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Seeman
mesh_terms: D000007:Abdominal Injuries / Q000209:etiology; D000818:Animals; D004735:Energy Transfer; D005389:Firearms; D006801:Humans; D055370:Lung Injury; D008961:Models, Structural; D011095:Polyethylenes; D011108:Polymers; D011481:Protective Clothing / Q000592:standards*; D012915:Soaps; D013552:Swine; D013898:Thoracic Injuries / Q000209:etiology; D014948:Wounds, Gunshot / Q000150:complications*; D014949:Wounds, Nonpenetrating / Q000209:etiology*
chemical_list: C039578:Kevlar Aramid fibers; D011095:Polyethylenes; D011108:Polymers; D012915:Soaps