title: Contemporary norms for the Wiggins Content Scales: a 45-year update.
abstract: The Wiggins Content Scales (WCS) continue to be popular among clinicians. However, MMPI profile patterns across the basic scales have shown significant changes since the inception of the MMPI in 1937. Therefore, the possibility of similar changes on the WCS was investigated. Significant differences between the old norms and a large, randomly selected contemporary normal sample (N = 1,408) were found on 9 of the WCS for women and on 5 for men. New normative tables are presented as an aid for clinicians who use the WCS.
authors.affiliation: Section of Psychology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota 55905.
authors.forename: R C
authors.initials: RC
authors.lastname: Colligan
authors.forename: K P
authors.initials: KP
authors.lastname: Offord
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008950:MMPI; D008297:Male; D001523:Mental Disorders / Q000523:psychology*; D008875:Middle Aged; D011594:Psychometrics; D012016:Reference Values