title: Effects of phenoxyacetic acids on the induction of chromosome aberrations in vitro and in vivo.
abstract: The effects of phenoxyacetic acid herbicides were investigated on the induction of chromosome aberrations in human peripheral lymphocyte cultures in vitro and in lymphocytes of exposed workers in vivo. Pure 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D; 0.125, 0.150, 0.200 and 0.350 mM) did not increase the number of aberrations, whereas the commercial 2,4-D formulation (0.125, 0.250, 0.500, 1.000 and 1.250 mM, with respect to phenoxyacetic acid concentration) significantly increased the number of chromosome aberrations in vitro (without exogenous metabolic activation). The phenoxy acid levels in the breathing zone of the workers varied between 0.3 and 0.4 mg/m3, and the concentrations of phenoxyacetic acids in the urine of the workers after exposure varied from 0.000 to 0.055 mmol/l. There were no increases in chromosome aberrations in peripheral lymphocytes of the exposed subjects.
authors.affiliation: Institute of Occupational Health, Department of Industrial Hygiene and Toxicology, Helsinki, Finland.
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Mustonen
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Kangas
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Vuojolahti
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Linnainmaa
mesh_terms: D015084:2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic Acid / Q000009:adverse effects*; D008456:2-Methyl-4-chlorophenoxyacetic Acid / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000652:urine; D000383:Agriculture; D002869:Chromosome Aberrations; D006016:Glycolates / Q000009:adverse effects*; D006801:Humans; D008214:Lymphocytes; D008297:Male; D009784:Occupational Diseases / Q000139:chemically induced; D010642:Phenoxyacetates / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000652:urine
chemical_list: D006016:Glycolates; D010642:Phenoxyacetates; D015084:2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic Acid; D008456:2-Methyl-4-chlorophenoxyacetic Acid