Formation of the neurotransmitter glycine from the anticonvulsant milacemide is mediated by brain monoamine oxidase B.
Milacemide (2-n-pentylaminoacetamide) is a secondary monoamine that in the brain is converted to glycinamide and glycine. This oxidative reaction was suspected to involve the reaction of monoamine oxidase (MAO). Using mitochondrial preparations from tissues that contain MAO-A and -B (rat brain and liver), MAO-A (human placenta), and MAO-B (human platelet and bovine adrenal chromaffin cell), it has been established that mitochondria containing MAO-B rather than MAO-A oxidize (H2O2 production and glycinamide formation) milacemide. The apparent Km (30-90 microM) for milacemide oxidation by mitochondrial MAO-B preparations is significantly lower than that for milacemide oxidation by mitochondrial MAO-A (approximately 1,300 microM). In vitro MAO-B (l-deprenyl and AGN 1135) rather than MAO-A (clorgyline) selectively inhibited the oxidation of milacemide. These in vitro data are matched by ex vivo experiments where milacemide oxidation was compared to oxidation of serotonin (MAO-A) and beta-phenylethylamine (MAO-B) by brain mitochondria prepared from rats pretreated with clorgyline (0.5-10 mg/kg) and l-deprenyl (0.5-10 mg/kg). Furthermore, in vivo experiment demonstrated that l-deprenyl selectively increased the urinary excretion of [14C]milacemide and the total radioactivity with a concomitant decrease of [14C]glycinamide. Such changes were not observed after clorgyline treatment, but were evident only at doses beyond clorgyline selectivity. The present data therefore demonstrate that milacemide is a substrate for brain MAO-B, and its conversion to glycinamide, further transformed to the inhibitory neurotransmitter, glycine, mediated by this enzyme may contribute to its pharmacological activities.
Janssens de Varebeke
P
P
Searle European Development Centre, Continental Pharma Inc., Mont-Saint-Guibert, Belgium.
Cavalier
R
R
David-Remacle
M
M
Youdim
M B
MB
D000081:Acetamides / Q000378:metabolism / Q000493:pharmacokinetics* / Q000652:urine; D000818:Animals; D001711:Biotransformation; D001792:Blood Platelets / Q000201:enzymology; D001921:Brain / Q000201:enzymology* / Q000648:ultrastructure; D002417:Cattle; D002838:Chromaffin System / Q000201:enzymology; D005260:Female; D005998:Glycine / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000378:metabolism*; D006801:Humans; D008928:Mitochondria / Q000201:enzymology; D008930:Mitochondria, Liver / Q000201:enzymology; D008995:Monoamine Oxidase / Q000378:metabolism*; D008996:Monoamine Oxidase Inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology; D010084:Oxidation-Reduction; D010920:Placenta / Q000201:enzymology; D011247:Pregnancy; D051381:Rats; D011919:Rats, Inbred Strains
D000081:Acetamides; D008996:Monoamine Oxidase Inhibitors; C039332:milacemide; C018556:glycine amide; D008995:Monoamine Oxidase; D005998:Glycine