title: Intracatheter hyperthermia and iridium-192 radiotherapy in the treatment of bile duct carcinoma.
abstract: We report a case of a patient with locally advanced bile duct carcinoma treated with 4500 cGy external beam radiotherapy, followed 3 weeks later by intracatheter 915 MHz microwave hyperthermia and radiotherapy delivered through a biliary U-tube placed at the time of surgery. Heating was to 43-45 degrees C for 1 hour followed immediately by intracatheter Iridium-192 seeds to deliver 5000 cGy over a 72 hour period. Prior to treatment, a thermal dosimetry study in phanton was conducted, using the same type of U-tube catheter tubing as in the patient. Orthogonal X rays of the patient's porta hepatis region were used to reconstruct the catheter geometry in the phantom. Proper insertion depth was determined thermographically to obtain maximum heating at the center of the tumor. The maximum SAR was 8.8 watts per kilogram per watt input. During the treatment, the average power applied was 30 W. Six months after therapy, the patient is asymptomatic. Although alkaline phosphatase, SGOT and SGPT have remained elevated, bilirubin has returned to normal and computerized tomographic scans and cholangiograms remain stable. A duodenal ulcer developed after therapy and is healing well with conservative medical management. This case demonstrates that hyperthermia applied through biliary drainage catheters is technically feasible and clinically tolerated. We believe the use of intracatheter hyperthermia in conjunction with external and/or intracatheter radiotherapy in selected patients with unresectable bile duct carcinomas warrants further study.
authors.affiliation: Division of Radiation Oncology, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, CA 91010.
authors.forename: J Y
authors.initials: JY
authors.lastname: Wong
authors.forename: N L
authors.initials: NL
authors.lastname: Vora
authors.forename: C K
authors.initials: CK
authors.lastname: Chou
authors.forename: J A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: McDougall
authors.forename: K W
authors.initials: KW
authors.lastname: Chan
authors.forename: D O
authors.initials: DO
authors.lastname: Findley
authors.forename: B W
authors.initials: BW
authors.lastname: Forell
authors.forename: K H
authors.initials: KH
authors.lastname: Luk
authors.forename: V J
authors.initials: VJ
authors.lastname: Philben
authors.forename: J D
authors.initials: JD
authors.lastname: Beatty
mesh_terms: D000410:Alanine Transaminase / Q000097:blood; D000469:Alkaline Phosphatase / Q000097:blood; D001219:Aspartate Aminotransferases / Q000097:blood; D001650:Bile Duct Neoplasms / Q000532:radiotherapy / Q000628:therapy*; D001663:Bilirubin / Q000097:blood; D001918:Brachytherapy; D002404:Catheterization; D003131:Combined Modality Therapy; D006801:Humans; D006979:Hyperthermia, Induced / Q000379:methods*; D007496:Iridium Radioisotopes; D008297:Male; D008872:Microwaves / Q000627:therapeutic use; D008875:Middle Aged
chemical_list: D007496:Iridium Radioisotopes; D001219:Aspartate Aminotransferases; D000410:Alanine Transaminase; D000469:Alkaline Phosphatase; D001663:Bilirubin