title: The clinical pathology of heartwater. I. Haematology and blood chemistry.
abstract: Clinical pathological studies were undertaken in 5 calves with experimentally-induced heartwater. The most important findings include a progressive anaemia which may be associated with bone marrow depression and fluctuations in the total and differential white cell count, of which an eosinopenia and a lymphocytosis were the most marked. A severe drop in serum protein, especially in the albumin levels, was observed in all 5 cases. This disease is probably associated with an increased capillary permeability, as the protein content of the pericardial fluid in 1 case that died, approximated that of the serum. The osmolality of the effused fluid was also higher than that of the blood. No significant changes in the serum electrolyte levels occurred, except for total calcium levels which tended to decrease to below normal during the acute stage of the disease. Marked increases in total bilirubin were recorded. This, however, was not associated with liver pathology or haemolysis and may possibly be ascribed to a fasting hyperbilirubinaemia. Darkening of plasma colour was associated with peak rises in total bilirubin. Increases in both blood urea and creatinine levels indicate interference with renal glomerular filtration during the acute stage of the disease.
authors.affiliation: Department of Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Pretoria, Private Bag, Onderstepoort.
authors.forename: S R
authors.initials: SR
authors.lastname: Van Amstel
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Reyers
authors.forename: A J
authors.initials: AJ
authors.lastname: Guthrie
authors.forename: P T
authors.initials: PT
authors.lastname: Oberem
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Bertschinger
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001663:Bilirubin / Q000097:blood; D001772:Blood Cell Count; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000032:analysis; D001798:Blood Proteins / Q000032:analysis; D001831:Body Temperature; D002118:Calcium / Q000097:blood; D002417:Cattle; D002418:Cattle Diseases / Q000097:blood*; D003404:Creatinine / Q000097:blood; D006357:Heartwater Disease / Q000097:blood*; D006400:Hematocrit; D006454:Hemoglobins / Q000032:analysis; D006854:Hydrocortisone / Q000097:blood; D014508:Urea / Q000097:blood
chemical_list: D001786:Blood Glucose; D001798:Blood Proteins; D006454:Hemoglobins; D014508:Urea; D003404:Creatinine; D001663:Bilirubin; D002118:Calcium; D006854:Hydrocortisone