title: Immunosuppression of Clarias lazera (Pisces) by a molluscicide.
abstract: Exposure of C. lazera to sublethal concentrations of the molluscicide, Bayluscide, for a 6-month period induced 14% (0.1 ppm) and 95% (0.3 ppm) mortalities. In addition, there was a depletion of hemopoeitic tissue in the mesonephros and spleen, an increased susceptibility to pathogens and appearance of nodules containing infectious organisms. Surviving fish produced lower titers of antibodies against injected antigens than controls and the number of corpuscles of Stannius increased in proportion to the concentration and duration of exposure to the Bayluscide. Long term exposure probably induced immunosuppression in C. lazera which caused these changes.
authors.affiliation: Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Alexandria, Egypt.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Faisal
authors.forename: E L
authors.initials: EL
authors.lastname: Cooper
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: el-Mofty
authors.forename: M A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Sayed
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000917:Antibody Formation / Q000187:drug effects; D002397:Catfishes / Q000276:immunology*; D006413:Hematopoietic System / Q000187:drug effects / Q000276:immunology / Q000473:pathology; D007107:Immune System / Q000187:drug effects; D007166:Immunosuppressive Agents; D008975:Molluscacides / Q000633:toxicity*; D009534:Niclosamide / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000633:toxicity
chemical_list: D007166:Immunosuppressive Agents; D008975:Molluscacides; D009534:Niclosamide