title: The critical relationship between free radicals and degrees of ischemia: evidence for tissue intolerance of marginal perfusion.
abstract: Skin-flap ischemia has been associated with the presence of free radicals. In this study, two enzyme systems involved in free-radical metabolism were used to compare a distal skin flap to a skin graft. Forty-two rats were divided into several test groups. A 10 X 3 cm dorsal rat flap was used, and tissue biopsies for xanthine oxidase and malonyldialdehyde (MDA) were obtained 2.5, 5.5, and 8.5 cm from the base of the flap at the hours given. In group I (control), the flap was outlined but not elevated, and biopsies were obtained. In group II, the flap was elevated, and biopsies were obtained at 6 hours. In group III, the flap was elevated, the distal 4 X 3 cm was amputated and replaced as a full-thickness skin graft, and biopsies were obtained at 6 hours. In group IV, the flap was elevated, and biopsies were obtained at 12 hours. In group V, the flap was treated as in group III, and biopsies were obtained at 12 hours. In group VI, the flap was elevated, and biopsies were obtained at 24 hours. In group VII, the flap was treated as in group III, and biopsies were obtained at 24 hours.
  
  
  RESULTS
  Xanthine oxidase was significantly higher in all distal biopsies compared to proximal biopsies. Xanthine oxidase also increased with time. Malonyldialdehyde increased over time as well as with distance from the flap base. Distal flap biopsies at 24 hours had greatly increased levels of malonyldialdehyde compared to skin grafts (p less than 0.001).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
authors.affiliation: Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pa. 15261.
authors.forename: M F
authors.initials: MF
authors.lastname: Angel
authors.forename: S S
authors.initials: SS
authors.lastname: Ramasastry
authors.forename: W M
authors.initials: WM
authors.lastname: Swartz
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Narayanan
authors.forename: D B
authors.initials: DB
authors.lastname: Kuhns
authors.forename: R E
authors.initials: RE
authors.lastname: Basford
authors.forename: J W
authors.initials: JW
authors.lastname: Futrell
mesh_terms: D000704:Analysis of Variance; D000818:Animals; D005609:Free Radicals; D007511:Ischemia / Q000473:pathology*; D008315:Malondialdehyde / Q000032:analysis; D009336:Necrosis; D051381:Rats; D011919:Rats, Inbred Strains; D012867:Skin / Q000032:analysis / Q000098:blood supply* / Q000473:pathology; D013524:Surgical Flaps; D014969:Xanthine Oxidase / Q000032:analysis
chemical_list: D005609:Free Radicals; D008315:Malondialdehyde; D014969:Xanthine Oxidase