title: Calcium antagonists and responsiveness of the adrenal glands to aldosterone-releasing stimuli in hypertensive patients.
abstract: This study was designed to determine whether a reduced responsiveness of adrenal zona glomerulosa to physiological stimuli could be responsible for the lack of a proportional rise in plasma renin activity and plasma aldosterone during administration of calcium antagonists. We selected 11 hypertensive patients and measured the rise in plasma aldosterone in response to infusions of angiotensin II or potassium chloride before and after a 7-day treatment with fully antihypertensive doses of nifedipine (20 mg twice a day), while the patients were kept on a constant daily intake of sodium (100 mmol) and potassium (40 mmol). The treatment with nifedipine induced a significant reduction in both systolic and diastolic blood pressures; the infusions of angiotensin II (0.150, 0.375 and 0.750 microgram/min, each rate for 30 min) and of potassium chloride (50 mmol in 500 ml of 5% glucose in 50 min) caused similar rises in plasma aldosterone before and during the administration of the calcium antagonist. Therefore, our results indicate that responsiveness of the adrenal zona glomerulosa to physiological stimuli is maintained despite blockade of calcium channels capable of significantly lowering arterial blood pressure.
authors.affiliation: Istituto di Clinica Medica Generale e Terapia Medica, Università di Milano, Ospedale Maggiore, Italy.
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Leonetti
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Terzoli
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Zanchetti
mesh_terms: D000311:Adrenal Glands / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000450:Aldosterone / Q000097:blood / Q000378:metabolism*; D000804:Angiotensin II / Q000008:administration & dosage; D002121:Calcium Channel Blockers / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D004341:Drug Evaluation; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D006973:Hypertension / Q000097:blood / Q000188:drug therapy*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009543:Nifedipine / Q000627:therapeutic use; D011189:Potassium Chloride / Q000008:administration & dosage; D012083:Renin / Q000097:blood; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D002121:Calcium Channel Blockers; D000804:Angiotensin II; D000450:Aldosterone; D011189:Potassium Chloride; D012083:Renin; D009543:Nifedipine