title: Site-specific analysis of total serum cholesterol and incident cancer in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey I Epidemiologic Follow-up Study.
abstract: We studied the relation of total serum cholesterol to all cancer and site-specific cancer incidence in a cohort based on a probability sample of the United States population. A total of 5125 men (yielding 459 cancers) and 7363 women (398 cancers) were initially examined in 1971-75 and followed a median of 10 yr. An examination of age-adjusted incidence rates by cholesterol level showed an inverse association between cholesterol and all cancer; lung, colorectal, pancreatic, and bladder cancers; and leukemia. In women a weak inverse relation (reflecting an elevated rate among those only in the lowest cholesterol quintile) was apparent for all cancer; more prominent inverse associations were seen for cancers of the lung, pancreas, bladder, cervix, and for leukemia. A more detailed analysis of cholesterol and colorectal cancer revealed little association in both men and women. For an aggregate group of smoking-related cancers, the inverse relation was especially prominent: the multivariate relative risk estimates for subjects in the lowest cholesterol quintile, compared to those in the highest quintile, were 2.1 (1.1-3.8) and 3.3 (1.4-7.8) for men and women, respectively. The inverse association was present for smoking-related cancers diagnosed 6 or more yr after cholesterol determination in both men and women, suggesting that this association cannot be simply dismissed as a preclinical cancer effect. Further investigation of the cholesterol-cancer question, particularly the relation between cholesterol and smoking-related cancers, may provide useful etiological leads.
authors.affiliation: Division of Cancer Prevention and Control, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland 20892.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Schatzkin
authors.forename: R N
authors.initials: RN
authors.lastname: Hoover
authors.forename: P R
authors.initials: PR
authors.lastname: Taylor
authors.forename: R G
authors.initials: RG
authors.lastname: Ziegler
authors.forename: C L
authors.initials: CL
authors.lastname: Carter
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Albanes
authors.forename: D B
authors.initials: DB
authors.lastname: Larson
authors.forename: L M
authors.initials: LM
authors.lastname: Licitra
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D002784:Cholesterol / Q000097:blood*; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009369:Neoplasms / Q000209:etiology*; D012307:Risk Factors; D012907:Smoking / Q000009:adverse effects; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D002784:Cholesterol