title: Magnesium therapy in premature neonates with apnea neonatorum.
abstract: Apnea, bradycardia, and neuromuscular hyperirritability have been associated with magnesium (Mg) deficiency in young human infants and weanling animals. This is a retrospective review of a clinical experience of Mg therapy among 200 premature neonates who showed physical and clinical chemical changes compatible with Mg deficiency. The 200 infants all had idiopathic apnea neonatorum, and 93% also had the respiratory distress syndrome (RDS). This review was conducted to learn whether Mg therapy was associated with a significant reduction in apnea. The author suggested that the dose of Mg be 0.4 mEq/kg body weight/day, as 50% MgSO4.7H2O intramuscularly (IM) for 5 days; or as 1.0 mEq/kg/day, as 10% MgCl2.6H2O by mouth for 2 or more weeks, with appropriate monitoring of plasma Mg values in all infants. Sixty-one infants received a minimum of 5 days of Mg by either route (mean, 11.4 +/- 0.9, Group A); five received 3-4 doses IM (mean, 3.6 +/- 0.2, Group B); and 134 received 0-2 doses IM (0.5 +/- 0.1, Group C). Group A infants Mg-treated before Day 20 showed earlier cessation of apnea and bradycardia than those treated after Day 20. In Group A patients, 7 dose-days [corrected] of Mg therapy was associated with continuation of apnea; 14 dose-days [corrected], with cessation of apnea. Compared with Group A, Group C continued to develop apnea (P less than .003) and bradycardia (P less than 0.03) over longer periods of time. Group A infants showed no record of death or of hospital readmission for recurrent apnea, while 32 of 134 Group C infants had one or both of those unfavorable outcomes (P less than 0.001), with four of the five deaths in Group C (NS) as the sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS). In conclusion, Mg was associated with a reduction of apnea in this population. Emphasis was placed on the need to closely observe infants receiving supplementary Mg, with monitoring of plasma Mg levels.
authors.affiliation: Section on Disorders of Carbohydrate Metabolism, National Institute of Child Health and Human Department, Bethesda, Maryland 20892.
authors.forename: J L
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Caddell
mesh_terms: D001049:Apnea / Q000188:drug therapy*; D001724:Birth Weight; D001919:Bradycardia / Q000150:complications; D004334:Drug Administration Schedule; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D005865:Gestational Age; D006801:Humans; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D007235:Infant, Premature, Diseases / Q000188:drug therapy*; D008275:Magnesium Deficiency / Q000188:drug therapy*; D008278:Magnesium Sulfate / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000097:blood / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D008423:Maternal Age; D012008:Recurrence; D012127:Respiratory Distress Syndrome, Newborn / Q000150:complications; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D013610:Tachycardia / Q000150:complications
chemical_list: D008278:Magnesium Sulfate