Neuromuscular and hormonal responses in elite athletes to two successive strength training sessions in one day.
Acute neuromuscular and endocrine adaptations to weight-lifting were investigated during two successive high intensity training sessions in the same day. Both the morning (I) (from 9.00 to 11.00 hours) and the afternoon (II) (from 15.00 hours to 17.00 hours) training sessions resulted in decreases in maximal isometric strength (p less than 0.01 and less than 0.05), shifts (worsening) in the force-time curve in the absolute scale (p less than 0.05 and ns.) and in decreases in the maximal integrated EMG (p less than 0.01 and less than 0.05) of the selected leg extensor muscles. Increases in serum total (p less than 0.05) and free testosterone (p less than 0.01) and in cortisol (p less than 0.01) concentrations were found during training session II. These were followed by decreases (p less than 0.001 and p less than 0.01 and ns.) in the levels of these hormones one hour after the termination of the session. The responses during the morning training session were different with regard to the decreases in serum total testosterone (p less than 0.05), free testosterone (ns.) and cortisol (p less than 0.05). Only slight changes were observed in the levels of luteinizing hormone and sex hormone-binding globulin during the training sessions. Increases (p less than 0.01) took place in somatotropin during both training sessions. The present findings suggest that high intensity strengthening exercises may result in acute adaptive responses in both the neuromuscular and endocrine systems. The diurnal variations may, however, partly mask the exercise-induced acute endocrinological adaptations in the morning.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Häkkinen
K
K
Department of Biology of Physical Activity, University of Jyväskylä, Finland.
Pakarinen
A
A
Alén
M
M
Kauhanen
H
H
Komi
P V
PV
D000328:Adult; D001798:Blood Proteins / Q000032:analysis; D004576:Electromyography; D013006:Growth Hormone / Q000097:blood; D006728:Hormones / Q000097:blood*; D006801:Humans; D007537:Isometric Contraction; D007773:Lactates / Q000097:blood; D007866:Leg; D007986:Luteinizing Hormone / Q000097:blood; D009119:Muscle Contraction; D009132:Muscles / Q000502:physiology*; D010806:Physical Education and Training; D005082:Physical Exertion; D012738:Sex Hormone-Binding Globulin / Q000032:analysis; D013177:Sports; D013739:Testosterone / Q000097:blood; D014891:Weight Lifting
D001798:Blood Proteins; D006728:Hormones; D007773:Lactates; D012738:Sex Hormone-Binding Globulin; D013739:Testosterone; D007986:Luteinizing Hormone; D013006:Growth Hormone