title: Prenatal dinocap exposure alters swimming behavior in mice due to complete otolith agenesis in the inner ear.
abstract: Exposure to the fungicide dinocap during gestation produces behavioral abnormalities in the house mouse that are not apparent at birth but become obvious at weaning. Pregnant mice (CD-1) were exposed on Days 7 to 16 of gestation to dinocap at 0, 6, 12, or 25 mg/kg/day and the postnatal behavioral development of the offspring was assessed. Torticollis (head-tilting) appears in the treated offspring at 3 weeks of age (4.4% at 12 and 25.3% at 25 mg/kg/day) and, during a test of swimming ability, many of the mice (6.8% at 12 and 47.2% at 25 mg/kg/day) sink below the surface or are unstable and swim on their side in the water. These behavioral abnormalities are the result of agenesis of the otoliths in the inner ears. These were the only developmental defects noted in the 12 mg/kg/day dosage group. In this group 4.4% of the mice displayed torticollis, 9.2% did not swim normally, 19% were missing one or more whole otoliths (7.7% were missing all four otoliths), and partial agenesis of the crystalline material was seen in an additional 11.6% of the mice. The frequency of behavioral and inner ear defects increased in the higher dosage group, but the order of sensitivity of the effects did not change.
authors.affiliation: Reproductive Toxicology Branch, United States Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27711.
authors.forename: L E
authors.initials: LE
authors.lastname: Gray
authors.forename: J M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Rogers
authors.forename: J S
authors.initials: JS
authors.lastname: Ostby
authors.forename: R J
authors.initials: RJ
authors.lastname: Kavlock
authors.forename: J M
authors.initials: JM
authors.lastname: Ferrell
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D004136:Dinitrobenzenes / Q000633:toxicity*; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D005260:Female; D005659:Fungicides, Industrial / Q000633:toxicity*; D008431:Maternal-Fetal Exchange; D051379:Mice; D009043:Motor Activity / Q000187:drug effects*; D009578:Nitrobenzenes / Q000633:toxicity*; D010037:Otolithic Membrane / Q000002:abnormalities* / Q000187:drug effects; D011247:Pregnancy; D012444:Saccule and Utricle / Q000002:abnormalities*; D013550:Swimming; D014103:Torticollis / Q000139:chemically induced
chemical_list: D004136:Dinitrobenzenes; D005659:Fungicides, Industrial; D009578:Nitrobenzenes; C007500:dinocap