title: Results of 317 contraction stress tests with controlled nipple stimulation using an electric breast pump.
abstract: Nipple stimulation is widely used for producing uterine contractions. High rates of hyperstimulation have been reported with various manual methods of stimulation. A study was undertaken in an effort to standardize the mode and amount of stimulation. Three hundred seventeen contraction stress tests were done using an automatic electric breast pump with precise pressure control. This method was successful in achieving adequate contractions in 84.2%. Hyperstimulation of the uterus was encountered in 4.1% of all tests performed. Side effects and complications were minimal.
authors.affiliation: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Jefferson Medical College, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19107.
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Chayen
authors.forename: Y M
authors.initials: YM
authors.lastname: Kim
mesh_terms: D001940:Breast / Q000502:physiology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D009558:Nipples / Q000502:physiology*; D010812:Physical Stimulation / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000379:methods*; D011247:Pregnancy; D012015:Reference Standards; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D014590:Uterine Contraction