title: Fura-2 secretion and sequestration in macrophages. A blocker of organic anion transport reveals that these processes occur via a membrane transport system for organic anions.
abstract: Fura-2, loaded into J774.2 macrophages as the acetoxymethyl ester, is sequestered into intracellular vacuoles within 90 min after the beginning of the loading at 37 degrees C. The dye is also efficiently secreted from the cells. Sequestration and secretion of fura-2 reduce the accuracy of measurements of cytosolic free Ca2+ concentration in this cell line. Fura-2 is also sequestered and secreted by J774.2 when the dye is loaded into the cytoplasm as the pentapotassium salt by reversible permeabilization of the plasma membrane. Regardless of the mechanism by which fura-2 is loaded into the cytoplasm, both sequestration and secretion are prevented by 2.5 mM probenecid, a blocker of organic anion transport. Probenecid has no effect on resting or stimulated cytosolic free Ca2+ levels or on FcR-mediated phagocytosis. These findings suggest that macrophages express a transport mechanism for the anionic form of fura-2. This transport system is responsible for the clearance of fura-2 from the cytoplasm of this cell type. Furthermore we suggest that use of probenecid to block secretion and intracellular sequestration of fura-2 may overcome problems arising in the application of this Ca2+ indicator to macrophages and perhaps to other cell types.
authors.affiliation: Department of Physiology and Cellular Biophysics, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York 10032.
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Di Virgilio
authors.forename: T H
authors.initials: TH
authors.lastname: Steinberg
authors.forename: J A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Swanson
authors.forename: S C
authors.initials: SC
authors.lastname: Silverstein
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001572:Benzofurans / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D001692:Biological Transport / Q000187:drug effects; D002118:Calcium / Q000378:metabolism*; D002451:Cell Compartmentation / Q000187:drug effects; D002460:Cell Line; D002463:Cell Membrane Permeability / Q000187:drug effects*; D005110:Extracellular Space / Q000187:drug effects; D005456:Fluorescent Dyes / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*; D016257:Fura-2 / Q000031:analogs & derivatives*; D007424:Intracellular Fluid / Q000187:drug effects; D008264:Macrophages / Q000378:metabolism*; D051379:Mice; D011339:Probenecid / Q000494:pharmacology*
chemical_list: D001572:Benzofurans; D005456:Fluorescent Dyes; C049925:fura-2-am; D011339:Probenecid; D002118:Calcium; D016257:Fura-2