title: Sensitivity of Escherichia coli to various beta-lactams is determined by the interplay of outer membrane permeability and degradation by periplasmic beta-lactamases: a quantitative predictive treatment.
abstract: In Gram-negative bacteria, beta-lactam antibiotics must overcome two barriers, the outer membrane and the periplasmic beta-lactamase, before they reach the targets of their action, penicillin-binding proteins. Although the barrier property of the outer membrane and catalytic property of the beta-lactamases have been studied and their significance in creating beta-lactam resistance emphasized, the interaction between these two barriers has not been treated quantitatively. Such treatment shows that the sensitivity, to a variety of beta-lactams, of the Escherichia coli K-12 cells containing very different levels of chromosomally coded AmpC beta-lactamase, or a plasmid-coded TEM-type beta-lactamase, can be predicted rather accurately from the penetration rate through the outer membrane and the hydrolysis rate in the periplasm. We further propose a new parameter, 'target access index', which is a quantitative expression of the result of interaction between the two barriers, and reflects the probability of success for the antibiotic to reach the targets.
authors.affiliation: Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of California, Berkeley 94720.
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Nikaido
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Normark
mesh_terms: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000378:metabolism / Q000494:pharmacology*; D001425:Bacterial Outer Membrane Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D002463:Cell Membrane Permeability; D004926:Escherichia coli / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism; D007700:Kinetics; D008826:Microbial Sensitivity Tests; D001618:beta-Lactamases / Q000378:metabolism*; D047090:beta-Lactams
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D001425:Bacterial Outer Membrane Proteins; D047090:beta-Lactams; D001618:beta-Lactamases