title: The behavioral treatment of Raynaud's disease: a review.
abstract: Raynaud's disease is a peripheral vascular system disorder characterized by episodes of vasoconstriction in the hands and feet resulting in a lowering of skin temperature and pain. Recent studies are reviewed that focus on the behavioral treatment of Raynaud's disease--in particular, biofeedback and autogenic training. Methodological problems and other difficulties include the measurement of skin temperature, schedules of reinforcement/feedback, and characteristics of the experimenter and subject. Studies in this area indicate some promise for certain behavioral interventions, especially finger temperature biofeedback under cold stress conditions. On the other hand, further research is needed to clarify the mechanisms, especially that of vasodilation, and the applications of temperature biofeedback, as well as the role of attitudinal, interpersonal, and cognitive factors.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychology, University of Hawaii, Honolulu 96822.
authors.forename: G D
authors.initials: GD
authors.lastname: Rose
authors.forename: J G
authors.initials: JG
authors.lastname: Carlson
mesh_terms: D001326:Autogenic Training; D001676:Biofeedback, Psychology; D006801:Humans; D011928:Raynaud Disease / Q000628:therapy*; D012881:Skin Temperature