Effects of distant potentials on unipolar electrograms in an animal model utilizing the right ventricular isolation procedure.
The effects of distant potentials on local epicardial unipolar electrograms were examined utilizing a model that enabled both ventricles to be paced independently in five dogs. The right ventricular isolation procedure electrically isolates the right from the left ventricle. Right ventricular electrograms were separated into their local (right ventricular) and distant (left ventricular) components by altering the left-right ventricular pacing interval. Waveform configuration, peak to peak amplitude, magnitude of the slope and timing of the fastest downstroke were carefully evaluated at each electrode site, both with and without the presence of distant left ventricular potentials. Except for the timing of the fastest downstroke, all of these variables were significantly altered by distant potentials. Although the slope of the fastest downstroke was significantly affected by distant potentials, it remained a sensitive indicator of local versus distant activation. All electrograms of local right ventricular activation had a slope magnitude greater than 2.5 mV/2 ms whereas none of the right ventricular electrograms containing only distant left ventricular activity had a magnitude greater than 2.5 mV/2 ms. Computer-generated electrograms were calculated by digitally summing the recorded local right and distant left ventricular components. The simulated electrograms correlated well with the recorded electrograms during synchronous ventricular pacing. Thus, the configuration, amplitude and slope of unipolar electrodes were profoundly influenced by distant potentials. The timing of the fastest downstroke is largely independent of the effect of distant potentials and most closely represents local activation. The magnitude of the slope of the recorded electrogram accurately distinguishes local from distant activation.
Damiano
R J
RJ
Department of Surgery, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina 27710.
Blanchard
S M
SM
Asano
T
T
Cox
J L
JL
Lowe
J E
JE
D000200:Action Potentials; D000818:Animals; D002304:Cardiac Pacing, Artificial / Q000379:methods*; D002315:Cardiopulmonary Bypass; D003198:Computer Simulation; D004285:Dogs; D004567:Electrodes, Implanted; D006321:Heart / Q000502:physiology*; D008954:Models, Biological; D013997:Time Factors; D016276:Ventricular Function