title: Fourier transform infrared study of the halorhodopsin chloride pump.
abstract: Halorhodopsin (hR) is a light-driven chloride pump located in the cell membrane of Halobacterium halobium. Fourier transform infrared difference spectroscopy has been used to study structural alterations occurring during the hR photocycle. The frequencies of peaks attributed to the retinylidene chromophore are similar to those observed in the spectra of the related protein bacteriorhodopsin (bR), indicating that in hR as in bR an all-trans----13-cis isomerization occurs during formation of the early bathoproduct. Spectral features due to protein structural alterations are also similar for the bR and hR photocycles. For example, formation of the red-shifted primary photoproducts of both hR and bR results in similar carboxyl peaks in the 1730-1745-cm-1 region. However, in contrast to bR, no further changes are observed in the carboxyl region during subsequent steps in the hR photocycle, indicating that additional carboxyl groups are not directly involved in chloride translocation. Overall, the close similarity of vibrations in hR and bR photoproduct difference spectra supports the existence of some common elements in the molecular mechanisms of energy transduction and active transport by these two proteins.
authors: Department of Physics, Boston University, Massachusetts 02215.
authors: K J
authors: KJ
authors: Rothschild
authors: O
authors: O
authors: Bousché
authors: M S
authors: MS
authors: Braiman
authors: C A
authors: CA
authors: Hasselbacher
authors: J L
authors: JL
authors: Spudich
mesh_terms: D001436:Bacteriorhodopsins / Q000378:metabolism*; D002462:Cell Membrane / Q000378:metabolism; D002712:Chlorides / Q000378:metabolism*; D005583:Fourier Analysis; D006217:Halobacterium / Q000378:metabolism*; D025602:Halorhodopsins; D013055:Spectrophotometry, Infrared
chemical_list: D002712:Chlorides; D025602:Halorhodopsins; D001436:Bacteriorhodopsins