Information processing in seven-month-old infants as a function of risk status.
7-month-old full-terms and high-risk preterms (less than 1,500 grams at birth) were compared on problems of visual recognition memory and tactual-to-visual cross-modal transfer. On the visual problems, preterm infants showed significantly less differential attentiveness to novelty than full-terms. They also required longer exposure times during visual familiarization, primarily because of longer pauses between fixations. Preterms and full-terms exhibited different patterns of looking, as indicated by the duration of fixation and the frequency in shifts of gaze. On the cross-modal problems, preterms and full-terms both exhibited similar and significant preferences for familiar rather than novel stimuli, a direction of preference which suggests that these problems were relatively difficult for both groups. For the preterms, novelty and exposure-time scores were found to be related to several medical risk factors. Novelty preferences were compromised in preterms who had suffered RDS postnatally, particularly those who had required prolonged mechanical ventilation. In general, high-risk preterms exhibited deficits in visual recognition memory and in the ability to recruit, sustain, and shift attention.
Rose
S A
SA
Department of Pediatrics, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461.
Feldman
J F
JF
McCarton
C M
CM
Wolfson
J
J
D001288:Attention; D005106:Exploratory Behavior; D005260:Female; D005403:Fixation, Ocular; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D007234:Infant, Premature / Q000523:psychology*; D008297:Male; D008568:Memory; D012121:Respiration, Artificial; D012127:Respiratory Distress Syndrome, Newborn / Q000523:psychology; D012307:Risk Factors; D014163:Transfer, Psychology; D014796:Visual Perception