title: Porosity in manually mixed bone cement.
abstract: Forty-six samples of acrylic cement mixed by seven nurses were analyzed for porosity by correlated roentgenograms and microscopy studies. Mean porosity was 26.7 vol % +/- 9.21 vol % with large variations among specimens. There was also a gross variation of the pore size. The pore size exceeded 300 micron in 23% of the specimens, with a wide scatter of percentage porosity produced by each nurse. A manual mixing technique lacks reproducibility and produces cements with uncontrollable porosity.
authors: Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University Hospital, Linköping, Sweden.
authors: U
authors: U
authors: Lindén
mesh_terms: D000388:Air; D001843:Bone Cements / Q000592:standards*; D004339:Drug Compounding / Q000592:standards; D006801:Humans
chemical_list: D001843:Bone Cements