title: An evaluation of analgesia associated with the immobility response in laboratory rabbits.
abstract: The immobility response (IR) was studied in rabbits to evaluate its analgesic properties and reliability as a method of restraint. The participation of the endogenous opioid system in IR was studied indirectly by evaluating the effects of the narcotic antagonist naloxone on this phenomenon. Twenty-four adult New Zealand White rabbits were subjected to six noxious stimuli while restrained by IR and while restrained under control conditions. Testing on each animal was repeated under both conditions following the administration of naloxone. The noxious stimuli consisted of three levels of electric shock (10 volts, 30 volts, and 50 volts) applied to the shaved forearm, and mechanical pressure applied to the pinna, front toe, and hind toe. Withdrawal and changes in blood pressure, heart rate, and respiration were used as indicators of pain perception. Distress associated with noxious electrical and pressure stimulation was significantly reduced by IR, which suggested that the phenomenon does have a significant analgesic component. However, the rabbits showed wide variability in their susceptibility to IR induction, and even animals which did not withdraw in response to noxious stimulation under IR sometimes exhibited physiological changes suggestive of distress. Therefore, IR should not be considered as a reliable or humane alternative to analgesic/anesthetic drugs for laboratory rabbits. Naloxone had little effect on IR or IR-associated analgesia.
authors: Department of Comparative Medicine, Milton S. Hershey Medical Center, Pennsylvania State University, Hershey 17033.
authors: P J
authors: PJ
authors: Danneman
authors: W J
authors: WJ
authors: White
authors: W K
authors: WK
authors: Marshall
authors: C M
authors: CM
authors: Lang
mesh_terms: D000698:Analgesia / Q000662:veterinary*; D000818:Animals; D001794:Blood Pressure; D004558:Electric Stimulation; D005260:Female; D006339:Heart Rate; D007103:Immobilization; D008297:Male; D009270:Naloxone / Q000494:pharmacology; D010812:Physical Stimulation; D011817:Rabbits / Q000502:physiology*; D012119:Respiration; D012149:Restraint, Physical / Q000662:veterinary
chemical_list: D009270:Naloxone