The pedunculopontine nucleus in Parkinson's disease, progressive supranuclear palsy and Alzheimer's disease.
Significant loss of neurons in the pedunculopontine nucleus pars compacta (PPNc), a putative cholinergic nucleus involved in modulating somatic motor activities, has been demonstrated in progressive supranuclear palsy (PSP) and Parkinson's disease but not in Alzheimer's disease. A morphometric study of this nucleus was performed in two cases of PSP and in a cohort of cases of Parkinson's disease, Alzheimer's disease, senile dementia of Alzheimer type (SDAT), and age-matched controls. In PSP a significant 60% neuronal loss in PPNc was associated with neurofibrillary tangles in 40 to 64% of the remaining neurons. In Parkinson's disease there was a significant decrease in cell numbers and density by 53 and 51%, respectively, with Lewy bodies involving 6 to 39% of all neurons. In Alzheimer's disease and SDAT, large neurons were reduced by 29 and 33.8%, respectively, with tangles in 9 to 38% of the remaining cells. The selective affection of this putative cholinergic nucleus in PSP and Parkinson's disease appears to be related to motor dysfunctions in these disorders.
Jellinger
K
K
Ludwig-Boltzmann Institute of Clinical Neurobiology, Lainz-Hospital, Vienna, Austria.
D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000544:Alzheimer Disease / Q000503:physiopathology*; D005260:Female; D005625:Frontal Lobe / Q000503:physiopathology; D006624:Hippocampus / Q000503:physiopathology; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009434:Neural Pathways / Q000503:physiopathology; D010300:Parkinson Disease / Q000503:physiopathology*; D011149:Pons / Q000503:physiopathology*; D013494:Supranuclear Palsy, Progressive / Q000503:physiopathology*; D013681:Tegmentum Mesencephali / Q000503:physiopathology*