Are the classical markers sufficient to describe uremic solute accumulation in dialyzed patients? Hippurates reconsidered.
Interdependencies of accumulated solutes, analyzed by liquid chromatography in dialyzed and non-dialyzed patients, were studied by multivariate statistical analysis. In principal component analysis, three principal components (PC1-PC3) were retained from the data on 22 accumulated compounds in dialyzed patients, whereas only one principal component was retained from analogous data of a non-dialyzed patient group. PC1 in the dialyzed patient group comprises concentrations of hippuric acid, p-hydroxyhippuric acid, tryptophan, and five unidentified fluorescent solutes in serum. Concentrations of the classical markers urea, uric acid, creatinine, and phosphate were closely related to PC2 in these patients. Indoleacetic acid and two unidentified fluorescent compounds constitute PC3. The compounds associated with the groups found by principal component analysis may be characterized by chemical structure and by the mechanism of their excretion via the remaining nephrons of dialyzed patients. In the non-dialyzed group, most of the solutes could be described by a single PC. This PC and PC1 from the dialyzed group correlated significantly with residual renal function, and with total ultraviolet absorbance and total fluorescence emission. The data suggest that it is of value to introduce a marker of uremic solute retention in addition to urea, to account for renal-function-related "organic-acid-like" compounds that are excreted by renal tubular secretion in dialyzed patients. The hippurates may serve this purpose.
Schoots
A C
AC
Laboratory for Instrumental Analysis, Faculty of Chemical Engineering, Eindhoven University of Technology, The Netherlands.
Dijkstra
J B
JB
Ringoir
S M
SM
Vanholder
R
R
Cramers
C A
CA
D002851:Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; D003404:Creatinine / Q000097:blood; D006626:Hippurates / Q000097:blood*; D006801:Humans; D019271:Hypoxanthine; D007042:Hypoxanthines / Q000097:blood; D007210:Indoleacetic Acids / Q000097:blood; D008657:Metabolic Clearance Rate; D010710:Phosphates / Q000097:blood; D006435:Renal Dialysis; D014364:Tryptophan / Q000097:blood; D014508:Urea / Q000097:blood; D014511:Uremia / Q000097:blood* / Q000628:therapy; D014527:Uric Acid / Q000097:blood
D006626:Hippurates; D007042:Hypoxanthines; D007210:Indoleacetic Acids; D010710:Phosphates; D014527:Uric Acid; D019271:Hypoxanthine; C056283:4-hydroxyhippuric acid; C030737:indoleacetic acid; D014364:Tryptophan; D014508:Urea; D003404:Creatinine