Landspreading dioxin-contaminated papermill sludge: a complex problem.
Assessing the potential for human exposure and resultant health risk from applying dioxin-contaminated papermill sludge to agricultural and silvicultural lands in Central Wisconsin is a complex issue. This is an intricate problem with many facets to consider. Among the exposure and risk assumption issues discussed are application of dioxin and furan equivalency factors; acceptable daily intake levels; cancer risk levels; and exposure scenarios including food, air, dermal, and soil ingestion. The range of regulatory options run from banning any application of dioxin-contaminated sludge to establishing acceptable or tolerable contamination limits. A preliminary assessment of potential human exposure scenarios found a many thousand-fold range of risk.
Olson
L J
LJ
Wisconsin Department of Health and Social Services, Section of Environmental and Chronic Disease Epidemiology, Madison.
Anderson
H A
HA
Jones
V B
VB
D000393:Air Pollutants / Q000633:toxicity; D004147:Dioxins / Q000633:toxicity*; D005506:Food Contamination; D005663:Furans / Q000633:toxicity; D006801:Humans; D007220:Industrial Waste; D008452:Maximum Allowable Concentration; D009369:Neoplasms / Q000139:chemically induced; D012306:Risk; D012989:Soil Pollutants / Q000633:toxicity*; D014922:Wisconsin
D000393:Air Pollutants; D004147:Dioxins; D005663:Furans; D007220:Industrial Waste; D012989:Soil Pollutants