title: Effect of the addition of adrenaline to extradural diamorphine analgesia after caesarean section.
abstract: In a randomized double-blind study the effect of the addition of adrenaline to extradural diamorphine was assessed in 54 patients after Caesarean section. Patients received extradural diamorphine 5 mg in saline 10 ml with or without adrenaline 1 in 200,000 for postoperative pain relief. Analgesia was profound and of rapid onset in both groups. Duration of analgesia was greater in the adrenaline group (time to next analgesia 12.51 +/- 0.94 h, mean +/- SEM), than in the saline group (9.87 +/- 0.98 h) (P = 0.057). Analgesia was also more consistent in the adrenaline group, with 77% of patients having more than 8 h of good analgesia compared with 48% in the saline group (P less than 0.05). Plasma morphine concentrations, measured in 12 patients, were lower, although not significantly so, in the adrenaline group and mean time to peak concentration markedly delayed. No serious side effects were observed, but there was a higher incidence of vomiting in the adrenaline group.
authors: Department of Anaesthesia, Ninewells Hospital and Medical School, Dundee.
authors: A J
authors: AJ
authors: Semple
authors: D J
authors: DJ
authors: Macrae
authors: S
authors: S
authors: Munishankarappa
authors: L M
authors: LM
authors: Burrow
authors: M K
authors: MK
authors: Milne
authors: I S
authors: IS
authors: Grant
mesh_terms: D002585:Cesarean Section; D004311:Double-Blind Method; D004359:Drug Therapy, Combination; D004837:Epinephrine / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D005260:Female; D003932:Heroin / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D006801:Humans; D007268:Injections, Epidural; D009020:Morphine / Q000097:blood; D010149:Postoperative Pain / Q000188:drug therapy*; D011247:Pregnancy; D011897:Random Allocation
chemical_list: D003932:Heroin; D009020:Morphine; D004837:Epinephrine