title: Severe diffuse hypokinesis of the remote myocardium--the main cause of cardiogenic shock? An echocardiographic study of 75 patients with extremely large myocardial infarctions.
abstract: Two-dimensional echocardiography was performed in 75 patients with extensive myocardial infarctions to prove why cardiogenic shock develops only in a minority of such patients. 23 patients with clinical signs of shock formed group A, and 52 patients without signs of shock group B. The extent of akinesis and/or dyskinesis was the same in both groups. The "Asynergy Index"--involving also hypokinesis--was more favourable in group B (126 +/- 28, compared with 158 +/- 23 in group A, p less than 0.05). The ejection fraction was significantly higher in group B (33 +/- 12%, compared with 17 +/- 6% in group A, p less than 0.01). The cause of these differences was severe diffuse hypokinesis of the remote myocardium, which was present in all 23 patients with cardiogenic shock and only in 2 patients without shock (p less than 0.001). All 23 patients with shock had multi-vessel disease, which was present only in 19% of patients without shock (p less than 0.01). The study shows that in addition to two known conditions necessary for the development of cardiogenic shock (multi-vessel disease and infarct size at least 40% of the left ventricle), there exists a third condition of equal importance: severe diffuse hypokinesis of the remote myocardium.
authors: Second Medical Department, Faculty of Medical Hygiene, University Hospital, Charles University, Prague, Czechoslovakia.
authors: P
authors: P
authors: Widimský
authors: P
authors: P
authors: Gregor
authors: V
authors: V
authors: Cervenka
authors: V
authors: V
authors: Vísek
authors: T
authors: T
authors: Sládková
authors: J
authors: J
authors: Dvorák
authors: S
authors: S
authors: Hrdlicka
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D004452:Echocardiography; D005260:Female; D006321:Heart / Q000503:physiopathology*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009203:Myocardial Infarction / Q000503:physiopathology*; D012770:Shock, Cardiogenic / Q000209:etiology*; D013318:Stroke Volume