Experimental duck hepatitis B virus infection: pathology and evolution of hepatic and extrahepatic infection.
Seventy, 1-day-old ducklings inoculated intraperitoneally with duck hepatitis B virus and 30 controls have been studied over a 2-year period. Infection with duck hepatitis B virus occurred in all inoculated ducks, although this was not associated with clinical morbidity. Duck hepatitis B virus DNA was first detected in liver on Day 3, in pancreatic acinar cells on Day 4, serum on Day 6, splenic red and white pulp on Day 7 and in the renal glomurulus on Day 14, using a combination of dot, Southern blot and in situ hybridization techniques. Peak levels of circulating virus, as determined by DNA polymerase levels, occurred 1 to 4 weeks postinoculation. Mild degrees of portal inflammation were seen in sections of liver tissue in both infected and control ducks. However, moderately severe inflammatory changes were present in 8 of 22 infected birds compared with 0 of 18 controls (p less than 0.025). Appearance of this inflammatory infiltrate 6 weeks postinoculation coincided with a decrease in levels of duck hepatitis B virus DNA in hepatocytes and within the pancreatic acinar cells. At the same time, duck hepatitis B virus DNA became increasingly localized to the splenic germinal centers, and viral DNA was first detected in pancreatic islet cells. No histological changes accompanied the extra-hepatic tissue infection. The sequence and significance of duck hepatitis B virus infection in liver and extra-hepatic tissues is discussed in relation to the pathogenesis of hepatitis B virus infection in man.
Freiman
J S
JS
Department of Infectious Diseases, University of Sydney, NSW, Australia.
Jilbert
A R
AR
Dixon
R J
RJ
Holmes
M
M
Gowans
E J
EJ
Burrell
C J
CJ
Wills
E J
EJ
Cossart
Y E
YE
D000818:Animals; D004279:DNA, Viral / Q000032:analysis; D004372:Ducks; D004769:Enterovirus Infections / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology / Q000662:veterinary*; D006509:Hepatitis B / Q000209:etiology; D006515:Hepatitis B virus; D006524:Hepatitis, Viral, Animal / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology*; D006801:Humans; D007150:Immunohistochemistry; D007668:Kidney / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D008099:Liver / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D008854:Microscopy, Electron; D009693:Nucleic Acid Hybridization; D010179:Pancreas / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology; D011201:Poultry Diseases / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology*; D013154:Spleen / Q000378:metabolism / Q000473:pathology
D004279:DNA, Viral