title: Motor-evoked potentials of tongue musculature in dogs.
abstract: Transcranial brain stimulation by either electrical or noninvasive magnetic stimulation has produced motor responses of limb musculature. However, recordings from muscles innervated by cranial nerves have not previously been reported. A right-sided craniotomy was performed in 18 dogs. An electric stimulus was delivered to the motor cortex via surface electrodes and evoked EMG responses were recorded from the tongue musculature to determine conduction time. Magnetic stimulation of the motor cortex yielded EMG latencies similar to those obtained by electrical direct cortical stimulation, thus demonstrating the potential of magnetic stimulation in intraoperative and outpatient clinical evaluation of hypoglossal nerve disorders. For the first time, it appears possible to noninvasively stimulate the cranial nerves proximal to the point of injury and to evaluate more central conduction pathways.
authors: Division of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, University of Missouri-Columbia, School of Medicine 65212.
authors: S A
authors: SA
authors: Estrem
authors: S
authors: S
authors: Haghighi
authors: W J
authors: WJ
authors: Levy
authors: R
authors: R
authors: Wertheimer
authors: M
authors: M
authors: Kendall
mesh_terms: D000200:Action Potentials; D000818:Animals; D003391:Cranial Nerves / Q000502:physiology*; D004285:Dogs; D004558:Electric Stimulation / Q000379:methods; D004576:Electromyography; D005071:Evoked Potentials; D008280:Magnetics; D008991:Monitoring, Physiologic; D009044:Motor Cortex / Q000502:physiology*; D009132:Muscles / Q000502:physiology; D011930:Reaction Time; D014059:Tongue / Q000294:innervation / Q000502:physiology*