Pain in rheumatoid arthritis: relationship to demographic, medical, and psychological factors.
Our purpose was to investigate the relationship among demographic, medical, and psychological factors and self-reported pain in 135 patients with classic or definite rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Patients were examined using the systemic index, articular index, McGill Pain Questionnaire, Symptom Checklist-90-R, and a pain visual analogue scale. Multiple regression analyses found no significant relationships between pain and the medical variables. However, age, income, and selected psychological variables were significantly correlated with pain reports. The greatest pain management challenge occurred in patients who were middle-aged, living on limited incomes, and experiencing major stresses in everyday life. These high risk pain patients were also worry-prone and felt isolated and lacking in social support. Attention to these related psychosocial problems is recommended as an important pain management strategy in RA.
Parker
J
J
Harry S. Truman Memorial Veterans Hospital, Columbia, MO 65201.
Frank
R
R
Beck
N
N
Finan
M
M
Walker
S
S
Hewett
J E
JE
Broster
C
C
Smarr
K
K
Smith
E
E
Kay
D
D
D001172:Arthritis, Rheumatoid / Q000503:physiopathology* / Q000523:psychology; D006801:Humans; D008875:Middle Aged; D010146:Pain; D010147:Pain Measurement / Q000379:methods; D012044:Regression Analysis; D011795:Surveys and Questionnaires