title: Discordance of signs in monozygotic twins concordant for the Goldenhar anomaly.
abstract: Concordance for Goldenhar anomaly has been described in monozygotic (MZ) twins on 2 occasions but never in dizygotic (DZ) twins. In both cases the twins were similarly, although not identically, affected. We report on a pair of probably monozygotic twins (8% probability of DZ) who presented with extremely diverse manifestations of this anomaly complex. One of them required a tracheostomy because of obstructive apnea due to severe micrognathia and subsequently died. This twin had a midline lower lip cleft which has not previously been described in the Goldenhar anomaly.
authors.affiliation: Department of Newborn Medicine, Royal Alexandra General Hospital, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada.
authors.forename: C A
authors.initials: CA
authors.lastname: Ryan
authors.forename: N N
authors.initials: NN
authors.lastname: Finer
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Ives
mesh_terms: D004200:Diseases in Twins; D005260:Female; D006053:Goldenhar Syndrome / Q000235:genetics*; D006801:Humans; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D008342:Mandibulofacial Dysostosis / Q000235:genetics*; D008445:Maxillofacial Development; D014427:Twins; D014430:Twins, Monozygotic