title: Restoration by xanthine of development of mouse embryos inhibited by mycophenolic acid.
abstract: Mouse embryos at the 1-cell stage were cultured in various concentrations of mycophenolic acid and xanthine. Mycophenolic acid at 10 and 2.5 micrograms/ml completely inhibited development to the morula and blastocyst stages, respectively. The addition of xanthine reversed the inhibitory effects of mycophenolic acid on the embryos but the reversal effect depended on the concentration of xanthine. Development was normal with a xanthine concentration of 25 micrograms/ml, even when an inhibitory concentration of mycophenolic acid was present. Embryo transfer experiments showed that the blastocysts formed in vitro in the presence of mycophenolic acid + xanthine could implant in foster mothers and develop normally to fetuses.
authors.affiliation: Research Institute of Life Science, Snow Brand Milk Products Co., Ltd, Tochigi, Japan.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Hoshi
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Mizuno
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Yuki
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001755:Blastocyst / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000502:physiology; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D004624:Embryo Transfer; D051379:Mice; D008809:Mice, Inbred C3H; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D009173:Mycophenolic Acid / Q000494:pharmacology*; D019820:Xanthine; D014970:Xanthines / Q000494:pharmacology*
chemical_list: D014970:Xanthines; D019820:Xanthine; D009173:Mycophenolic Acid