title: Distribution of ground reaction forces of the concurrently loaded limbs of the Dutch Warmblood horse at the normal walk.
abstract: The distribution of the ground reaction forces (GRF) over the concurrently loaded limbs of the normally walking horse was determined from 'representative' GRF patterns of all limbs, which were plotted in correct time order after analysis of simultaneously taken high-speed film. This procedure visualises the GRF patterns of each of the four limbs in relation to the GRF pattern(s) of the one or two concurrently loaded limb(s) during a complete stride. In 15 clinically sound horses the mean averaged GRF data and temporal stride parameters showed an almost complete symmetry between both the forelimbs and both the hindlimbs and resulted in a load distribution during the first half of the stride being almost identical to those in the second half of the stride. The transverse horizontal force (Fx) was maximum during the unilateral support phase. No more than one limb at a time contributed to either the deceleration or acceleration longitudinal horizontal (Fy) force. The total vertical (Fz) force of the concurrently loaded limbs during a complete stride fluctuated between 7 to 12 N/kg body weight. In a left forelimb lame horse, the decreased GRF amplitudes were compensated by increased GRF amplitudes in the three other limbs during both the swing phase and stance phase of the lame limb. Due to alterations of both GRF data and temporal stride parameters of the lame limb, as well as the three other limbs, the distribution of the GRF during the complete stride was changed dramatically.
authors.affiliation: Department of General and Large Animal Surgery, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, The Netherlands.
authors.forename: H W
authors.initials: HW
authors.lastname: Merkens
authors.forename: H C
authors.initials: HC
authors.lastname: Schamhardt
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D005121:Extremities / Q000502:physiology*; D005684:Gait; D006734:Horse Diseases / Q000503:physiopathology; D006736:Horses / Q000502:physiology*; D007794:Lameness, Animal / Q000503:physiopathology; D009040:Motion Pictures