title: Effect of meal frequency on fluid balance and behavior of ponies.
abstract: Twelve ponies were fed their total daily ration either as one large meal or divided into six small meals. Pre- and post-feeding behavior was recorded six times a day. Blood samples were taken for 30 min before and two hr after the meal. Plasma protein increased from 7.0 to a peak of 7.3 g/dl with small meals and from 7.3 to 8.1 g/dl with large meals, and returned to pre-feeding levels by 90 min post-feeding. Hematocrit rose from 33.3 to 34.1% with small meals and from 33.0 to 36.0% with large meals. These rapid and short-lived increases indicate a decrease in plasma volume. Plasma osmolality rose with feeding from 283 to 285 mosmoles/kg with small meals and from 281 to 288 mosmoles/kg with large meals. Water availability had no significant effect on blood changes. Digestibility and rate of passage were measured with chromic oxide, but there were no differences. Vocalizing (neighing) and walking occurred more often before than after feeding, while eating bedding and engaging in other oral behaviors were more frequent after feeding.
authors.affiliation: Department of Physiology, New York State College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca 14853.
authors.forename: K A
authors.initials: KA
authors.lastname: Houpt
authors.forename: P J
authors.initials: PJ
authors.lastname: Perry
authors.forename: H F
authors.initials: HF
authors.lastname: Hintz
authors.forename: T R
authors.initials: TR
authors.lastname: Houpt
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001522:Behavior, Animal / Q000502:physiology*; D001798:Blood Proteins / Q000032:analysis; D004435:Eating; D005260:Female; D006400:Hematocrit; D006736:Horses / Q000097:blood / Q000502:physiology*; D009994:Osmolar Concentration; D014882:Water-Electrolyte Balance
chemical_list: D001798:Blood Proteins