title: A percutaneous perineal approach for cystoscopy in male dogs.
abstract: A percutaneous perineal approach is presented as a further technique for rigid cystoscopy in male dogs. The anatomy of the urethra in the male dog prevents rigid cystoscopy by non-surgical means but a fine flexible fibrescope may be used. Perineal urethrotomy and prepubic percutaneous puncture techniques using rigid endoscopes have been described; however, both have possible serious complications. This new procedure allows access for visual examination, biopsy and resection as necessary and appears to have few adverse sequelae.
authors.affiliation: Department of Pathology, Royal College of Surgeons of England, London.
authors.forename: M J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Brearley
authors.forename: E J
authors.initials: EJ
authors.lastname: Milroy
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Rickards
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D020684:Cystoscopes; D003558:Cystoscopy / Q000379:methods / Q000662:veterinary; D004283:Dog Diseases / Q000175:diagnosis; D004285:Dogs / Q000601:surgery*; D008297:Male; D014570:Urologic Diseases / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000662:veterinary