title: Relationship of resting blood pressure and heart rate to experienced anger and expressed anger.
abstract: Forty-five nonmedicated subjects rated on analog scales the anger they experienced at home and at work (Experienced Anger). They also rated the extent to which others were aware of their anger (Expressed Anger) and the extent to which anger had been expressed in their families or origin (Family Expressed Anger). They were then physiologically monitored during a 2-min relaxation period that followed habituation to the laboratory setting. For the group as a whole, Expressed Anger was inversely related to systolic (SBP) and diastolic (DBP) blood pressure while Family Expressed Anger was inversely related to SBP only. When the sample was divided into normotensive and hypertensive subgroups, the normotensives showed significant associations between Experienced Anger and SBP, Expressed Anger and DBP, and Family Expressed Anger and SBP. The hypertensive subgroup showed no significant associations. Both males and females showed a significant association between Expressed Anger and DBP, but only females showed this relationship with SBP. It is concluded that coping with anger by conscious inhibition of its expression is associated with increases in both systolic and diastolic blood pressure.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry and Family Medicine, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, University of Medicine and Dentistry of New Jersey, Piscataway 08854.
authors.forename: H S
authors.initials: HS
authors.lastname: Goldstein
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Edelberg
authors.forename: C F
authors.initials: CF
authors.lastname: Meier
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Davis
mesh_terms: D000223:Adaptation, Psychological; D000374:Aggression / Q000523:psychology; D000786:Anger; D001143:Arousal; D001794:Blood Pressure; D005260:Female; D006339:Heart Rate; D006801:Humans; D006973:Hypertension / Q000523:psychology*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012307:Risk Factors