title: Adenine nucleotide metabolites are beneficial for recovery of cardiac contractile force after hypoxia.
abstract: In a previous study, we demonstrated a significant release of adenosine, inosine and hypoxanthine during hypoxia and subsequent reoxygenation. The present study was designed to determine whether or not exogenous adenosine, inosine and hypoxanthine are beneficial for the recovery of hypoxia-induced loss of cardiac contractile force. Hearts were perfused for 20 min under hypoxic conditions, followed by 45 min-perfusion under reoxygenated conditions, and changes in contractile force, resting tension and metabolic parameters of the perfused heart were examined. When either adenosine, inosine or hypoxanthine were exogenously infused during hypoxia at the rate of 3 mumol/min, remarkable recovery (61 to 68%) of cardiac contractile force was observed upon reoxygenation. The recovery was accompanied by a significant restoration of myocardial ATP (90 to 100%) and CP contents (80 to 86%), suggesting that exogenous metabolites are utilized for the restoration of myocardial ATP during reoxygenation, which may lead to a beneficial recovery of hypoxia-induced loss of cardiac contractile force upon reoxygenation. Infusion of exogenous metabolites also resulted in an almost complete inhibition of hypoxia- and reoxygenation-induced release of creatine phosphokinase from the perfused heart as well as a significant depression of hypoxia-induced calcium accumulation in the cardiac tissue. Since these phenomena are considered to represent increases in cell membrane permeability, protection of the myocardium against hypoxia- and reoxygenation-induced changes in cell membrane permeability may be an alternative mechanism for the beneficial effect of adenosine, inosine and hypoxanthine on the hypoxic myocardium.
authors.affiliation: Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Fukuyama University, Japan.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Takeo
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Tanonaka
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Miyake
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Imago
mesh_terms: D000241:Adenosine / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D000244:Adenosine Diphosphate / Q000378:metabolism; D000249:Adenosine Monophosphate / Q000378:metabolism; D000255:Adenosine Triphosphate / Q000378:metabolism; D000818:Animals; D005260:Female; D007042:Hypoxanthines / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D000860:Hypoxia / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000503:physiopathology*; D007288:Inosine / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D008297:Male; D009200:Myocardial Contraction / Q000187:drug effects*; D009206:Myocardium / Q000378:metabolism; D010725:Phosphocreatine / Q000378:metabolism; D011817:Rabbits
chemical_list: D007042:Hypoxanthines; D010725:Phosphocreatine; D000249:Adenosine Monophosphate; D007288:Inosine; D000244:Adenosine Diphosphate; D000255:Adenosine Triphosphate; D000241:Adenosine