title: Effects of dried whey and copper sulfate on the growth responses to organic acid in diets for weanling pigs.
abstract: Five 21-d to 28-d experiments involving 484 pigs weaned at 28 +/- 2 d of age were conducted to evaluate the effects of addition of organic acid to a fortified, corn-soybean meal diet (CS) or to a similar diet containing 15% dried whey (CSW) on performance of pigs. The effects of an antibiotic-sulfonamide combination (110 mg chlortetracycline, 110 mg sulfamethazine, 55 mg penicillin/kg) and the interactive effects of Cu sulfate (250 ppm Cu) and acid also were evaluated. The acid was a commercial product consisting of 96% organic acid (citric acid and Na citrate, 2:1). Treatments in Exp. 1 and 2 were factorial arrangements of the CS or CSW basal diets supplemented with 0 or 1% (Exp. 1) and 0, .5 or 1% (Exp. 2) of the acid product. Pigs fed diets containing whey consumed more feed (P less than .01) and gained weight faster (P less than .05), but they had feed/gain responses similar to those of pigs fed the CS diet. Addition of 1% acid improved (P less than .01) growth rate of pigs fed the CS diet but did not improve (P greater than .25) growth rate of pigs fed the CSW diet. Feed/gain was improved (P less than .01) by acid addition to both the CS and the CSW diets. Improvements in gain and feed/gain were similar for the two levels of acid. In Exp. 3 and 4, factorial combinations of 0 and 1% acid and 0 and 250 ppm Cu were evaluated in diets containing an antibiotic-sulfonamide combination. In addition, a negative control diet (no antibiotics, acid or Cu) was included. Pigs fed diets containing antibiotics gained faster and more efficiently (P less than .01) than those fed the control diet.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
authors.affiliation: University of Kentucky, Lexington 40546.
authors.forename: T W
authors.initials: TW
authors.lastname: Burnell
authors.forename: G L
authors.initials: GL
authors.lastname: Cromwell
authors.forename: T S
authors.initials: TS
authors.lastname: Stahly
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001835:Body Weight / Q000187:drug effects*; D002951:Citrates / Q000494:pharmacology*; D019343:Citric Acid; D003300:Copper / Q000494:pharmacology*; D019327:Copper Sulfate; D004032:Diet; D006863:Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; D008894:Milk Proteins / Q000494:pharmacology*; D013552:Swine / Q000254:growth & development*; D014886:Weaning; D000067816:Whey Proteins
chemical_list: D002951:Citrates; D008894:Milk Proteins; D000067816:Whey Proteins; D019343:Citric Acid; D003300:Copper; D019327:Copper Sulfate