title: Variations of cyclic alternating pattern rate and homeostasis of sleep organization: a controlled study on the effects of white noise and zolpidem.
abstract: The Cyclic Alternating Pattern (CAP) is a physiologic structure of normal non-REM (NREM) sleep, functionally correlated to long-lasting arousal instability. In 12 healthy volunteers, a continuous 45 dB (A) white noise induced no remarkable changes on the standard sleep parameters. However, compared to the baseline conditions, the acoustic perturbation determined a significant increase of the Cyclic Alternating Pattern Rate (CAPR), that measures the amount of CAP during sleep. Ten mg of zolpidem, a novel imidazopyridine hypnotic compound, did not modify the structure of unperturbed sleep, but induced a highly significant reduction of the increased values of CAP Rate due to white noise. The homeostatic function of CAP is stressed. CAPR appears to be a highly sensitive indicator of environmental modification during sleep.
authors.affiliation: Sleep Disorders Centre, Department of Neurology, University of Parma, Italy.
authors.forename: M G
authors.initials: MG
authors.lastname: Terzano
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Parrino
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Fioriti
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Farolfi
authors.forename: M C
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Spaggiari
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Anelli
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Arcelloni
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D005260:Female; D006706:Homeostasis; D006801:Humans; D006993:Hypnotics and Sedatives / Q000494:pharmacology*; D008297:Male; D009622:Noise; D011725:Pyridines / Q000494:pharmacology*; D012894:Sleep Stages / Q000187:drug effects*; D000077334:Zolpidem
chemical_list: D006993:Hypnotics and Sedatives; D011725:Pyridines; D000077334:Zolpidem