title: Total anomalous pulmonary venous drainage. Seventeen-year surgical experience.
abstract: Between 1968 and 1985, 80 children underwent correction of total anomalous pulmonary venous drainage. There were 47 boys and 33 girls whose ages ranged from 3 days to 16 years (median 2 months, interquartile range 5 years). Seventy (87.5%) were less than 1 year of age at operation. Fifty-eight (72.5%) weighed less than 5 kg, the range being 1.6 to 42 kg (median 3.7 kg, interquartile range 2.4 kg). Forty-five (56%) patients had supracardiac, 14 (17.5%) cardiac, 15 (19%) infracardiac, and 6 (7.5%) had mixed total anomalous pulmonary venous drainage. Follow-up was complete in 78 (97.5%) and ranged from 6 to 189 months (median 58 months, interquartile range 59 months). There were 14 (17.5%) early and six (7.5%) late deaths. Analysis by various factors revealed year of operation as the only factor to affect survival at the 5% level of significance. Early mortality was 29% between 1968-1977 and 11% between 1978-1985 (p = 0.04). Postoperative pulmonary venous obstruction occurred in five (6%) patients between 6 weeks and 3 months after operation. All 5 died, three after reoperation. Five (6%) other children had reoperations, four for residual shunts and one for superior vena caval obstruction.
authors.affiliation: Department of Paediatric Cardiology, Royal Liverpool Children's Hospital, England.
authors.forename: R K
authors.initials: RK
authors.lastname: Lamb
authors.forename: S A
authors.initials: SA
authors.lastname: Qureshi
authors.forename: J L
authors.initials: JL
authors.lastname: Wilkinson
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Arnold
authors.forename: C R
authors.initials: CR
authors.lastname: West
authors.forename: D I
authors.initials: DI
authors.lastname: Hamilton
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D001794:Blood Pressure; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D003251:Constriction, Pathologic; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006330:Heart Defects, Congenital / Q000401:mortality / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000601:surgery; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D008297:Male; D011183:Postoperative Complications; D011651:Pulmonary Artery / Q000503:physiopathology; D011667:Pulmonary Veins / Q000002:abnormalities*; D012086:Reoperation