title: Two-drug combinations of memory enhancers: effect of dose ratio upon potency and therapeutic window, in mice.
abstract: Two-drug combinations have been reported to enhance retention more effectively than when either drug was administered alone at the same dose. Some combinations of cholinergic drugs enhance retention even though the total drug dosage is reduced by as much as 97% compared to the dose needed to improve retention when the same drugs are administered singly. The choice of dose ratio is usually arbitrary or based on empirical results. The present study systematically varied the ratio of two drugs in a combination and at the same time varied the dosage of each drug. The drug combinations were administered to mice immediately after training on T-maze footshock avoidance task. Retention was tested one week later. Three two-drug combinations were selected for presentation because they differed considerably as to (a) the lowest effective total dose that improved memory-retention, (b) the optimal ratio that improved retention and (c) the width of the therapeutic window. The effect of a drug combination on retention was found to be dependent on the particular drugs in the combination, the ratio and the dose administered.
authors.affiliation: Geriatric Research, Education and Clinical Center (GRECC), Veterans Administration Medical Center, Sepulveda, CA 91343.
authors.forename: J F
authors.initials: JF
authors.lastname: Flood
authors.forename: G E
authors.initials: GE
authors.lastname: Smith
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Cherkin
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001115:Arecoline / Q000008:administration & dosage; D004338:Drug Combinations; D004347:Drug Interactions; D004491:Edrophonium / Q000008:administration & dosage; D008297:Male; D008568:Memory / Q000187:drug effects*; D051379:Mice; D010095:Oxotremorine / Q000008:administration & dosage; D010277:Parasympathomimetics / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D013619:Tacrine / Q000008:administration & dosage
chemical_list: D004338:Drug Combinations; D010277:Parasympathomimetics; D001115:Arecoline; D013619:Tacrine; D010095:Oxotremorine; D004491:Edrophonium