title: An epidemiologic study of craniosynostosis: risk indicators for the occurrence of craniosynostosis in Colorado.
abstract: This population-based case-control study was designed to investigate risk indicators for the occurrence of the birth defect craniosynostosis in Colorado. A total of 173 children who underwent craniectomy for craniosynostosis and 759 children without craniosynostosis were included in the study. Multivariable logistic regression analysis of birth certificate data showed that male sex (odds ratio (OR) = 1.6, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.1-2.2), maternal five-year age "increase" (OR = 1.3, 95% CI = 1.1-1.5), plural birth (OR = 3.0, 95% CI = 1.2-7.1) and black maternal race (OR = 0.0, 95 per cent CI = 0.0-0.6) were independently associated with craniosynostosis. There was a weak positive association between craniosynostosis and the altitude of the town closest to the maternal residence, but no association was found with maternal education, marital status, number of previous births, or previous pregnancy termination. The association of craniosynostosis with plural birth is consistent with the hypothesis of fetal head constraint.
authors.affiliation: Department of Preventive Medicine and Biometrics, University of Colorado Medical School, Denver 80262.
authors.forename: B W
authors.initials: BW
authors.lastname: Alderman
authors.forename: E J
authors.initials: EJ
authors.lastname: Lammer
authors.forename: S C
authors.initials: SC
authors.lastname: Joshua
authors.forename: J F
authors.initials: JF
authors.lastname: Cordero
authors.forename: D R
authors.initials: DR
authors.lastname: Ouimette
authors.forename: M J
authors.initials: MJ
authors.lastname: Wilson
authors.forename: S W
authors.initials: SW
authors.lastname: Ferguson
mesh_terms: D000367:Age Factors; D000531:Altitude; D003120:Colorado; D003398:Craniosynostoses / Q000453:epidemiology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D011247:Pregnancy; D011248:Pregnancy Complications; D011272:Pregnancy, Multiple; D044469:Racial Groups; D012307:Risk Factors