title: The construction of computer tomographic phantoms and their application in radiology and radiation protection.
abstract: In order to assess human organ doses for risk estimates under natural and man made radiation exposure conditions, human phantoms have to be used. As an improvement to the mathematical anthropomorphic phantoms, a new family of phantoms is proposed, constructed from computer tomographic (CT) data. A technique is developed which allows any physical phantom to be converted into computer files to be used for several applications. The new human phantoms present advantages towards the location and shape of the organs, in particular the hard bone and bone marrow. The CT phantoms were used to construct three dimensional images of high resolution; some examples are given and their potential is discussed. The use of CT phantoms is also demonstrated to assess accurately the proportion of bone marrow in the skeleton. Finally, the use of CT phantoms for Monte Carlo (MC) calculations of doses resulting from various photon exposures in radiology and radiation protection is discussed.
authors.affiliation: Dr. von Haunersches Kinderspital, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, München, Federal Republic of Germany.
authors.forename: M
authors.initials: M
authors.lastname: Zankl
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Veit
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Williams
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Schneider
authors.forename: H
authors.initials: H
authors.lastname: Fendel
authors.forename: N
authors.initials: N
authors.lastname: Petoussi
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Drexler
mesh_terms: D001853:Bone Marrow / Q000033:anatomy & histology; D001842:Bone and Bones / Q000033:anatomy & histology; D002588:Cesium Radioisotopes; D002648:Child; D003037:Cobalt Radioisotopes; D003201:Computers; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007938:Leukemia / Q000532:radiotherapy; D008961:Models, Structural; D011827:Radiation; D011829:Radiation Dosage; D011835:Radiation Protection / Q000379:methods*; D011871:Radiology / Q000379:methods*; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed
chemical_list: D002588:Cesium Radioisotopes; D003037:Cobalt Radioisotopes