title: Physiological responses to successive days of intense training in competitive swimmers.
abstract: To examine the physiological responses to successive days of intense training, 12 male collegiate swimmers doubled their training distance (4,266 +/- 264 to 8,970 +/- 161 m.d-1) while maintaining the intensity at approximately 95% VO2max for 10 d. Blood samples were obtained pre-exercise and immediately and 5 min after a sub-maximal (approximately 95% VO2max) front crawl swim (365.8 m) on days 0, 5, and 11. Swim performance was assessed from a maximal front crawl swim (365.8 m), two maximal front crawl sprints (22.9 m), and a semi-tethered swim power test. No significant changes were observed in performance. Pre-exercise serum cortisol (17.5 +/- 1.5, 19.5 +/- 1.6, and 20.6 +/- 1.2 micrograms.dl-1 for days 0, 5, and 11, respectively) and creatine kinase (56.2 +/- 7.7, 93.1 +/- 10.1, and 119.0 +/- 23.1 U.l-1 for days 0, 5, and 11, respectively) values were significantly elevated (P less than 0.05) on days 5 and 11 compared to day 0. Resting plasma catecholamine concentrations were higher but not significantly different (P greater than 0.05) at the end of the training period. Measurements of hemoglobin and hematocrit indicated a relative increase of 11.4 +/- 2.7% (P less than 0.05) in estimated plasma volume during the training period. Resting blood glucose values were unaffected by the training regimen while small but significant decreases in resting blood lactate values (1.01 +/- 0.06, 0.85 +/- 0.06, and 0.86 +/- 0.06 mmol.l-1 for days 0, 5, and 11, respectively) were observed on days 5 and 11. Resting heart rate and systolic blood pressure were not affected by the increased training load.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
authors.affiliation: Human Performance Laboratory, Ball State University, Muncie, IN 47306.
authors.forename: J P
authors.initials: JP
authors.lastname: Kirwan
authors.forename: D L
authors.initials: DL
authors.lastname: Costill
authors.forename: M G
authors.initials: MG
authors.lastname: Flynn
authors.forename: J B
authors.initials: JB
authors.lastname: Mitchell
authors.forename: W J
authors.initials: WJ
authors.lastname: Fink
authors.forename: P D
authors.initials: PD
authors.lastname: Neufer
authors.forename: J A
authors.initials: JA
authors.lastname: Houmard
mesh_terms: D001794:Blood Pressure; D002395:Catecholamines / Q000097:blood; D003402:Creatine Kinase / Q000097:blood; D006339:Heart Rate; D006801:Humans; D006854:Hydrocortisone / Q000097:blood; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D005082:Physical Exertion; D013550:Swimming
chemical_list: D002395:Catecholamines; D003402:Creatine Kinase; D006854:Hydrocortisone