title: D-penicillamine inhibits transactivation of human immunodeficiency virus type-1 (HIV-1) LTR by transactivator protein.
abstract: D-Penicillamine, an amino acid analogue of cysteine, has been shown to inhibit the transactivation of HIV-1 LTR by the transactivator protein, tat protein. The transactivation was studied in Jurkat cells co-transfected with plasmids containing HIV-LTR sequences fused to the bacterial chloramphenicol acetyltransferase (CAT) gene and HIV tat gene. The expression of CAT activity was a measure of transactivation of LTR by the tat protein. Incubation of transfected Jurkat cells with D-penicillamine led to inhibition of CAT activity. This inhibition was found to be concentration-dependent; more than 90% inhibition of chloramphenicol acetylation was seen in extracts prepared from cultures incubated with 40 micrograms/ml of D-penicillamine. Earlier experiments have shown that D-penicillamine at 40 micrograms/ml can completely inhibit HIV-1 (HTLV-III B) replication in H9 cells [(1986) Drug Res. 36, 184-186]. These results suggest that inhibition of transactivation may be the molecular mechanism involved in the inhibition of HIV-1 replication by D-penicillamine.
authors.affiliation: Abteilung für Molekularbiologie (ZBC), Klinikum der Universität Frankfurt, FRG.
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Chandra
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Demirhan
authors.forename: S K
authors.initials: SK
authors.lastname: Arya
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Chandra
mesh_terms: D002460:Cell Line; D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors*; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation / Q000187:drug effects; D006678:HIV / Q000235:genetics*; D010396:Penicillamine / Q000494:pharmacology*; D012045:Regulatory Sequences, Nucleic Acid; D012191:Retroviridae Proteins / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors*; D014158:Transcription, Genetic / Q000187:drug effects
chemical_list: D004268:DNA-Binding Proteins; D012191:Retroviridae Proteins; D010396:Penicillamine