The effects of contextual information and gender on the prediction of hypnotic susceptibility.
Council, Kirsch, and Hafner (1986) obtained empirical support for the hypothesis that significant correlations between questionnaire measures of absorption and hypnotic susceptibility are an artifact of subjects' beliefs about their own hypnotizability. We tested this hypothesis in a two-session experiment. During Session 1, subjects completed questionnaire measures of absorption, mystical experience, daydreaming frequency, and paranormal beliefs. During Session 2, subjects were tested for hypnotic susceptibility. Subjects were also exposed to one of three information manipulations: They were told about hypnotic testing either before or after filling out the questionnaires or were not told about hypnotic testing. The information manipulation moderated the prediction of susceptibility by the questionnaire measures for women, but not for men. For women, scores on the absorption questionnaire predicted susceptibility only when subjects were informed about hypnotic testing. In the told-after condition, this effect generalized to all of the remaining questionnaire measures. For men, none of the questionnaires was a reliable predictor of susceptibility.
de Groot
H P
HP
Department of Psychology, Carleton University, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada.
Gwynn
M I
MI
Spanos
N P
NP
D000328:Adult; D001288:Attention; D005201:Fantasy; D005260:Female; D005783:Gender Identity; D006801:Humans; D006990:Hypnosis; D007062:Identification, Psychological; D007092:Imagination; D008297:Male; D011581:Psychological Tests; D012718:Set, Psychology