title: A hybrid ampholyte focusing technique for esterase D subtyping of evidentiary material.
abstract: An ultrathin-layer polyacrylamide gel isoelectric focusing technique that uses a composite of ampholytes from three commercial sources is described for subtyping esterase D. All common allelic products of esterase D were separated clearly. The technique described in this paper provides a higher conclusive call rate on known blood specimens (95.8%) and questioned bloodstains (69.7%) compared with continuous zone electrophoresis in agarose gels (89.9 and 37.6%, respectively).
authors.affiliation: Forensic Science Research and Training Section, FBI Academy, Quantico, VA.
authors.forename: B
authors.initials: B
authors.lastname: Budowle
authors.forename: A M
authors.initials: AM
authors.lastname: Gambel
mesh_terms: D001801:Blood Stains; D043182:Carboxylesterase; D002265:Carboxylic Ester Hydrolases / Q000097:blood / Q000145:classification* / Q000235:genetics; D006801:Humans; D007525:Isoelectric Focusing / Q000379:methods; D010641:Phenotype
chemical_list: D002265:Carboxylic Ester Hydrolases; D043182:Carboxylesterase; C020118:ESD protein, human