title: Increase in vagal activity during hypotensive lower-body negative pressure in humans.
abstract: Progressive central hypovolemia is characterized by a normotensive, tachycardic stage followed by a reversible, hypotensive stage with slowing of the heart rate (HR). We investigated circulatory changes and arterial hormone concentrations in response to lower-body negative pressure (LBNP) in six volunteers before and after atropine administration. LBNP of 55 mmHg initially resulted in an increase in HR from 55 +/- 4 to 90 +/- 5 beats/min and decreases in mean arterial pressure (MAP) from 94 +/- 4 to 81 +/- 5 mmHg, in central venous pressure from 7 +/- 1 to -3 +/- 1 mmHg, and in cardiac output from 6.1 +/- 0.5 to 3.7 +/- 0.11/min. Concomitantly, epinephrine and norepinephrine levels increased. After 8.2 +/- 2.3 min of LBNP, the MAP had decreased to 41 +/- 7 mmHg and HR had decreased to 57 +/- 3 beats/min. Vasopressin increased from 1.2 +/- 0.3 to 137 +/- 45 pg/ml and renin activity increased from 1.45 +/- 4.0 to 3.80 +/- 1.0 ng.ml-1.h-1 with no further changes in epinephrine, norepinephrine, and vasoactive intestinal polypeptide. A tardy rise in pancreatic polypeptide indicated increased vagal activity. After atropine. LBNP also caused an initial increase in HR, which, however, remained elevated during the subsequent decrease in MAP to 45 +/- 6 mmHg occurring after 8.1 +/- 2.4 min.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
authors.affiliation: Department of Medical Physiology C, Panum Institute, Copenhagen, Denmark.
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Sander-Jensen
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Mehlsen
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Stadeager
authors.forename: N J
authors.initials: NJ
authors.lastname: Christensen
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Fahrenkrug
authors.forename: T W
authors.initials: TW
authors.lastname: Schwartz
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Warberg
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Bie
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001285:Atropine / Q000494:pharmacology; D001794:Blood Pressure / Q000187:drug effects; D001919:Bradycardia / Q000209:etiology; D003664:Decompression; D004452:Echocardiography; D006801:Humans; D007022:Hypotension / Q000150:complications / Q000503:physiopathology*; D008150:Lower Body Negative Pressure; D008297:Male; D014630:Vagus Nerve / Q000502:physiology*
chemical_list: D001285:Atropine