title: Transcatheter embolization in the treatment of massive bleeding due to maxillofacial injury.
abstract: Thirty-one cases of massive bleeding due to blunt maxillofacial injuries were treated by several procedures. Blind techniques, such as nasal and/or oral packing or ligation of external carotid artery, failed to achieve hemostasis in 13 of the 18 cases (72.2%) in which they were employed before 1984. Since then, carotid angiography has documented the location of the bleeding in 12 of the 13 cases (92.3%) in which it was employed. Each of the four cases in which extravasation was visualized from the external carotid artery was successfully treated by transcatheter embolization. We conclude that selective, angiographically guided embolization can reliably achieve hemostasis in a high proportion of patients with maxillofacial injury who are in danger of exsanguination from the branches of the external carotid artery.
authors.affiliation: Department of Traumatology and Acute Medicine, Osaka University Hospital, Japan.
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Sakamoto
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Yagi
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Hiraide
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Takasu
authors.forename: Y
authors.initials: Y
authors.lastname: Kinoshita
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Iwai
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Yoshioka
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Sugimoto
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D002339:Carotid Arteries / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D004621:Embolization, Therapeutic / Q000379:methods*; D005260:Female; D006470:Hemorrhage / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000209:etiology / Q000628:therapy*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008446:Maxillofacial Injuries / Q000150:complications* / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D011859:Radiography; D014949:Wounds, Nonpenetrating / Q000150:complications* / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging