title: A cryptic intermediate in the evolution of chameleon tongue projection.
abstract: An incipient form of tongue projection occurs in Phrynocephalus helioscopus, a generalized agamid lizard. We argue that this condition represents a functional intermediate between typical lingual prehension and chamaeleontid tongue projection, and that tongue projection evolved in chameleons by augmentation of ancestral mechanisms still operating in related, generalized lizards.
authors.affiliation: Museum of Comparative Zoology, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138.
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Schwenk
authors.forename: D A
authors.initials: DA
authors.lastname: Bell
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001522:Behavior, Animal / Q000502:physiology*; D008116:Lizards / Q000502:physiology*; D013045:Species Specificity; D014059:Tongue / Q000502:physiology