Prevalence of gestational diabetes and macrosomic newborns in a Mexican population.
Prevalence of gestational diabetes was investigated in 693 pregnant patients between the 24th and 28th wk of gestation. A glucose screening test (GST) was performed with a 50-g glucose load, followed by a blood sample 1 h later. Patients with glucose levels greater than 140 mg/dl 1 h after the GST were scheduled for a full oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT). One hundred seven patients had an abnormal GST, and 30 patients (4.3%) were diagnosed as having gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM). The percentage of GDM increased significantly when glucose levels were greater than 180 mg/dl to a maximum of 84.61% when glucose levels were greater than 200 mg/dl. Also, patient age was directly related to GDM, which increased in incidence to 20% when patients greater than 26 yr had an abnormal GST. After delivery, newborn weights were compared between those born to mothers with GDM (n = 30) and those born to mothers with an abnormal GST (n = 77). Patients with an abnormal GST and normal OGTT had 12 (15.58%) macrosomic and 2 premature newborns. However, patients with GDM had 5 (16.66%) macrosomic and no premature newborns. Patients with a normal GST had 7.33% of the macrosomic newborns. There was no perinatal mortality in newborns of GDM mothers; only 1 of the 5 macrosomic newborns presented transient hypoglycemia. Evaluation of 26 GDM patients was possible after delivery, disclosing 3 (11.53%) with non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus and 5 (19.23%) with impaired glucose tolerance. These results showed 4.3% undetected GDM in our population and no differences in the proportion of macrosomic newborns between those born to mothers with GDM and those born to mothers with an abnormal GST.
Department of Endocrinology, Hospital de Gineco-Obstetricia "Dr. I. Morones", Monterrey, Nuevo Leon, Mexico.
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Forsbach
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Contreras-Soto
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Fong
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Flores
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Moreno
D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000367:Age Factors; D001724:Birth Weight; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000032:analysis; D005260:Female; D005320:Fetal Macrosomia / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000209:etiology; D005951:Glucose Tolerance Test; D006801:Humans; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D008800:Mexico; D011247:Pregnancy; D011254:Pregnancy in Diabetics / Q000453:epidemiology* / Q000503:physiopathology
D001786:Blood Glucose