Imprecision and bias in orthodontic treatment results.
Imprecision in treatment response has been defined as inconsistent unpredictable results from the same treatment. Bias has been defined as systematic failure to achieve defined treatment goals. Concepts of imprecision and bias are applied to the results of a study of soft-tissue response to Class II treatment with edgewise and Herbst appliances.
Riolo
M L
ML
Center for Human Growth and Development, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor.
Moyers
R E
RE
TenHave
T R
TR
D002985:Clinical Protocols; D004812:Epidemiologic Methods; D005145:Face / Q000033:anatomy & histology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008312:Malocclusion, Angle Class II / Q000628:therapy; D009967:Orthodontic Appliances; D009971:Orthodontics, Corrective; D010347:Patient Care Planning; D012737:Sex Factors