Nicotine dependence and secondary effects of smoking cessation.
The secondary effects of smoking cessation among subjects included in a randomized trial, performed to test the efficacy of acupuncture and nicotine chewing gum vs. the control group, are reported according to nicotine dependence. After 1 month of cessation, ex-smokers had modified their nutritional intake, had gained weight, and felt more irritable compared to subjects still smoking. After 1 year, secondary effects concerned greater weight gain and irritability. The percentage of subjects who presented these secondary effects was more frequent among high-dependent than among low-dependent ex-smokers.
Clavel
F
F
Unité de Recherches en Epidémiologie des Cancers, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale U287, Institut Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France.
Benhamou
S
S
Flamant
R
R
D001521:Behavior Therapy / Q000379:methods*; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D009538:Nicotine / Q000009:adverse effects*; D012907:Smoking / Q000628:therapy*; D013375:Substance Withdrawal Syndrome / Q000209:etiology*
D009538:Nicotine