Testosterone control of territorial behavior: tonic-release implants fully restore seasonal and short-term aggressive responses in free-living castrated lizards.
Two aspects of hormonal control of aggressive territorial behavior in male mountain spiny lizards Sceloporus jarrovi were studied. First, testosterone (T) implants were given to free-living castrated males during the breeding season. These implants fully restored breeding season levels of aggressive and sexual behavior. Earlier studies showed that identical implants given to free-living males during the nonbreeding season did not induce full breeding season levels of aggression. The full effectiveness of these implants during the breeding season indicates that the lack of effectiveness in the nonbreeding season was not due (1) to the need to replace additional gonadal factors or (2) to ineffectiveness of tonic delivery by the implants. It is more likely that males are less sensitive to T during the nonbreeding season or that other cues present in the breeding season environment synergize with T to induce full levels of aggression. Thus, seasonal changes in aggressive behavior in male S. jarrovi cannot be explained simply as a direct response to changes in circulating levels of T; other environmental factors play a necessary role as well. In the second phase of the study, changes in aggressive behavior of free-living T-implanted castrates were monitored following staged encounters with other males. Despite their inability to alter secretion rates of T, the T-implanted castrates still showed a rapid postencounter increase in aggressive displays that was identical to controls. Previous results showed that this dramatic postencounter increase in aggressive behavior is not accompanied by simultaneous changes in circulating T. Together, these results now allow the hypothesis that this rapid behavioral change in aggressive behavior is caused by simultaneous changes in circulating T levels to be confidently rejected.
Department of Zoology, Arizona State University, Tempe 85287.
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Moore
D000374:Aggression / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000502:physiology; D000818:Animals; D001522:Behavior, Animal / Q000187:drug effects*; D004343:Drug Implants; D008116:Lizards / Q000502:physiology*; D008297:Male; D009919:Orchiectomy; D012621:Seasons; D013731:Territoriality; D013739:Testosterone / Q000494:pharmacology*; D013997:Time Factors
D004343:Drug Implants; D013739:Testosterone