Early intraneuronal mobilization and deamination of noradrenaline during global ischemia in the isolated perfused rat heart.
Isolated rat hearts were perfused according to the Langendorff technique and both extraneuronal uptake of noradrenaline and COMT were inhibited. The noradrenergic neurones were first prelabelled with 3H-(-)-noradrenaline (13 nmol/l). Thereafter the hearts were submitted to global ischemia (perfusion rate reduced from 5 up to 0.5 ml/min) for 60 min and subsequently reperfused for 5 min. The coronary effluent was continuously collected and analyzed for the appearance of 3H-noradrenaline and its metabolites. 1. Global ischemia was associated with an early release of 3H-noradrenaline. At reperfusion a brisk increase in the FRL of 3H-noradrenaline was observed which may indicate that, on severe restriction in coronary flow, perfusion of the tissue became heterogenous and thus partially masked the amount of 3H-noradrenaline released from the noradrenergic nerve terminals. Gradual reduction in coronary flow also progressively reduced (but did not abolish) the total formation of 3H-DOPEG. 2. The maximal efflux of 3H-noradrenaline was observed during the 1st min of reperfusion whereafter the efflux declined rapidly, indicating a wash-out of transmitter trapped in the extracellular space. The efflux of the lipophilic metabolite 3H-DOPEG, on the other hand, continuously increased during the reperfusion. This was due to both new formation and "wash-out" of 3H-DOPEG retained and/or distributed into the tissue during the period of restricted flow. 3. Neither a reduction of the extracellular calcium concentration (from 2.6 mmol/l to 0.1 mmol/l) nor the presence of the calcium entry blocker verapamil (250 nmol/l) reduced the efflux of 3H-noradrenaline seen during ischemia and reperfusion. 4. Desipramine (100 nmol/l) markedly reduced the ischemia-induced release of 3H-noradrenaline and simultaneously attenuated the formation of 3H-DOPEG. 5. A moderate reduction in the ischemia-induced mobilization of 3H-noradrenaline was seen in hearts perfused with 1 mumol/l reserpine, whereas the formation of 3H-DOPEG from such hearts was markedly higher than in corresponding controls. Only minor deviations from this pattern was observed when desipramine was present in addition to reserpine. It is concluded that a severe restriction in myocardial perfusion rate is associated with an enhanced net leakage of vesicular noradrenaline. This results in a rise of the free axoplasmic noradrenaline concentration which, in combination with an altered transmembrane sodium gradient, induces an increased local release of noradrenaline partly mediated by a calcium-independent, carrier-mediated outward transport.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
Institut für Pharmakologie und Toxikologie, Universität Würzburg, Federal Republic of Germany.
L
L
Carlsson
K H
KH
Graefe
U
U
Trendelenburg
D000818:Animals; D002118:Calcium / Q000494:pharmacology; D003326:Coronary Circulation; D003327:Coronary Disease / Q000378:metabolism*; D003641:Deamination; D003891:Desipramine / Q000494:pharmacology; D006321:Heart / Q000294:innervation*; D066298:In Vitro Techniques; D008297:Male; D008333:Mandelic Acids / Q000378:metabolism; D008734:Methoxyhydroxyphenylglycol / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000378:metabolism; D009474:Neurons / Q000378:metabolism; D009638:Norepinephrine / Q000378:metabolism*; D010293:Pargyline / Q000494:pharmacology; D051381:Rats; D011919:Rats, Inbred Strains; D012110:Reserpine / Q000494:pharmacology; D014700:Verapamil / Q000494:pharmacology
D008333:Mandelic Acids; D008734:Methoxyhydroxyphenylglycol; C000989:3,4-dihydroxymandelic acid; D012110:Reserpine; D010293:Pargyline; D014700:Verapamil; D002118:Calcium; D003891:Desipramine; C010117:3,4-dihydroxyphenylglycol; D009638:Norepinephrine