Cardiac glycoside poisoning in sheep caused by Urginea physodes (Jacq.) Bak. and the isolated physodine A.
Urginea physodes (Jacq.) Bak., a species closely related to or possibly synonymous with U. pusilla, is described and its distribution given. Four bufadienolides were isolated from U. physodes and the approximated LD50 and cumulative effect of some of them determined in guinea pigs. The most toxic one proved to be mildly cumulative. Typical signs of acute cardiac glycoside poisoning, involving the locomotory, gastro-intestinal, respiratory and cardiac system, were seen in the field cases and/or were experimentally induced by the plant. Similar signs could also be induced by injecting the isolated bufadienolide, physodine A, to a sheep.
Nel
P W
PW
Veterinary Research Institute, Onderstepoort.
Schultz
R A
RA
Jordaan
P
P
Anderson
L A
LA
Kellerman
T S
TS
Reid
C
C
D000818:Animals; D002018:Bufanolides / Q000506:poisoning*; D002301:Cardiac Glycosides / Q000506:poisoning*; D006168:Guinea Pigs; D010939:Plant Poisoning / Q000662:veterinary*; D010947:Plants, Toxic / Q000032:analysis / Q000033:anatomy & histology; D012756:Sheep; D012757:Sheep Diseases / Q000139:chemically induced*; D013019:South Africa
D002018:Bufanolides; D002301:Cardiac Glycosides; C055283:physodine A