title: Culling patterns in selected Minnesota swine breeding herds.
abstract: This investigation was conducted to study culling patterns in swine breeding herds. Data were obtained from 89 Minnesota swine breeding herds and included 5918 sows and 1324 gilts for a total of 7242 culled femaled. Each producer was involved for 12 consecutive months. They were asked to record every female that was removed from the herd, the reason for its culling and its parity. The annual culling rate for the sample averaged 50%, but varied considerably between herds ranging from 15% to 85%. Culled females had produced an average of 3.77 litters. Half of the females culled did not produce more than three litters. Reproductive failure accounted for 32% of all removals. The average parity of the females culled in that category was only 2.37: almost 33% were gilts. Failure to conceive represented 75% of all females culled for reproductive failure. Proportionally, culling as a result of anestrus was higher in gilts. It accounted for 33% of all gilts culled for reproductive failure which was twice as much as for sows. Inadequate performance accounted for 17% of all removals. These sows had produced an average of 5.11 litters. These results indicated that few animals were culled on the basis of first litter performance. Old age comprised 14% of all removals and the average parity at culling for this category was 7.11. Death accounted for 12% and the average parity for these females was 3.40. Locomotor problems and peripartum problems were the cause of 28% and 23% of all deaths, respectively.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
authors.affiliation: Department of Large Animal Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Minnesota, St. Paul 55108.
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: D'Allaire
authors.forename: T E
authors.initials: TE
authors.lastname: Stein
authors.forename: A D
authors.initials: AD
authors.lastname: Leman
mesh_terms: D000375:Aging; D000818:Animals; D005260:Female; D007247:Infertility, Female / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000662:veterinary*; D007794:Lameness, Animal / Q000453:epidemiology; D008910:Minnesota; D007744:Obstetric Labor Complications / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000662:veterinary; D010298:Parity; D011247:Pregnancy; D013552:Swine; D013553:Swine Diseases / Q000453:epidemiology*