title: Cigarette smoking, obesity, diuretic use, and coffee consumption as risk factors for renal cell carcinoma.
abstract: One hundred sixty incident cases of renal cell carcinoma under the age of 55 years and an equal number of age-(within 5 yr), race-, and sex-matched neighborhood controls were interviewed. Cigarette smoking was a risk factor for renal cell carcinoma in males [relative risk (RR) = 2.1, one-sided P = .02] but not in females (RR = 1.1, P = .50). Obesity was a significant risk factor in both males and females: The RR for a 4th quartile compared to a 1st quartile Quetelet's Index 10 years ago was 2.5 for males and 3.3 for females. Additional risk factors in females were diuretic use (RR = 4.5, P = .002) and daily coffee consumption (RR = 2.3, P = .06).
authors.forename: M C
authors.initials: MC
authors.lastname: Yu
authors.forename: T M
authors.initials: TM
authors.lastname: Mack
authors.forename: R
authors.initials: R
authors.lastname: Hanisch
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Cicioni
authors.forename: B E
authors.initials: BE
authors.lastname: Henderson
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D002292:Carcinoma, Renal Cell / Q000209:etiology*; D003069:Coffee / Q000009:adverse effects*; D004232:Diuretics / Q000009:adverse effects*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D006973:Hypertension / Q000188:drug therapy; D007680:Kidney Neoplasms / Q000209:etiology*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009765:Obesity / Q000150:complications*; D012044:Regression Analysis; D012306:Risk; D012737:Sex Factors; D012907:Smoking
chemical_list: D003069:Coffee; D004232:Diuretics