title: Unexpected low prevalence of delta antibodies in the east Amazon region and São Paulo: evidence for regional differences in the epidemiology of delta hepatitis virus within Brazil.
abstract: Antibodies (anti-HD) to hepatitis delta virus (HDV) were tested by radioimmunoassay in 207 human serum samples from the eastern Amazon (states of Pará and Amapá) and São Paulo, Brazil. 42 Amazon HBsAg asymptomatic carriers were negative for anti-HD. 84 São Paulo HBsAg asymptomatic carriers were also negative. Among the 81 HBsAg patients from São Paulo with different liver diseases, only one had anti-HD. Liver biopsy of this chronic active hepatitis case was positive for HBsAg, HBcAg and HDAg in liver, by an immunoperoxidase technique. The low prevalence of HDV infections in São Paulo and eastern Amazon was unexpected and contrasts with the recent reports of high prevalence in the western Amazon region. Such regional differences emphasize the need for extensive and precise worldwide epidemiological studies of HDV.
authors.affiliation: Liver Unit, School of Medicine, University of São Paulo, Brazil.
authors.forename: E
authors.initials: E
authors.lastname: Strauss
authors.forename: L C
authors.initials: LC
authors.lastname: Gayotto
authors.forename: L C
authors.initials: LC
authors.lastname: da Silva
authors.forename: V A
authors.initials: VA
authors.lastname: Alves
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Carrilho
authors.forename: D A
authors.initials: DA
authors.lastname: Chamone
authors.forename: E F
authors.initials: EF
authors.lastname: da Silva
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Porta
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Granato
authors.forename: C
authors.initials: C
authors.lastname: Trepo
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000956:Antigens, Viral / Q000032:analysis; D001938:Brazil; D006508:Hepatitis Antibodies / Q000032:analysis*; D006512:Hepatitis B Core Antigens / Q000032:analysis; D006514:Hepatitis B Surface Antigens / Q000032:analysis; D003699:Hepatitis D / Q000276:immunology*; D003698:Hepatitis Delta Virus / Q000276:immunology; D035923:Hepatitis delta Antigens; D006801:Humans; D008099:Liver / Q000276:immunology; D008297:Male
chemical_list: D000956:Antigens, Viral; D006508:Hepatitis Antibodies; D006512:Hepatitis B Core Antigens; D006514:Hepatitis B Surface Antigens; D035923:Hepatitis delta Antigens; C442244:hepatitis delta virus large antigen