title: Effects of serotonin and noradrenaline uptake blockers on wakefulness and sleep in cats.
abstract: The aim of the study was to examine the role of serotonergic (5-HT) and noradrenergic mechanisms in the regulation of wakefulness and sleep. For this purpose, adult cats with implanted electrodes for EEG, EOG and EMG were exposed to the 5-HT uptake blocker citalopram (0.1, 0.5 and 5.0 mg/kg intraperitoneally) and the noradrenaline uptake blocker prindamine (5 mg/kg intraperitoneally) at the start of continuous 16-hour sleep-wake recordings. Citalopram increased deep slow wave sleep and decreased REMS. Also prindamine decreased REMS but initially increased the proportion of time spent in the state of active wakefulness. Furthermore, to examine the interactions between 5-HT-nergic and noradrenergic mechanisms in the regulation of sleep, the administration of citalopram was preceded by intraperitoneal injections of phentolamine (10 mg/kg), an alpha-antagonist, and propranolol (5 mg/kg), a beta-antagonist. Phentolamine was totally ineffective against citalopram whereas propranolol partially counteracted the effects of citalopram on sleep. Prindamine was combined with the alpha-antagonists yohimbine (1 mg/kg), phentolamine (10 mg/kg) and prazosin (1 mg/kg) or with the beta-antagonist propranolol (5 mg/kg). Yohimbine was without any effect on REMS, phentolamine partly antagonized prindamine-induced decrease in the percentage of REMS, and prazosin only prolonged REMS latency and reduced deep SWS as well. Propranolol partially antagonized the prindamine-induced initial increase in active wakefulness time.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Hilakivi
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Kovala
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Leppävuori
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Shvaloff
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002415:Cats; D015283:Citalopram; D004569:Electroencephalography; D007189:Indans / Q000494:pharmacology; D008297:Male; D009638:Norepinephrine / Q000378:metabolism*; D010646:Phentolamine / Q000494:pharmacology; D011224:Prazosin / Q000494:pharmacology; D011433:Propranolol / Q000494:pharmacology; D011437:Propylamines / Q000494:pharmacology; D012702:Serotonin Antagonists / Q000494:pharmacology*; D012890:Sleep / Q000187:drug effects*; D013565:Sympatholytics / Q000494:pharmacology; D014851:Wakefulness / Q000187:drug effects*; D015016:Yohimbine / Q000494:pharmacology
chemical_list: D007189:Indans; D011437:Propylamines; D012702:Serotonin Antagonists; D013565:Sympatholytics; D015283:Citalopram; C006174:prindamine; D015016:Yohimbine; D011433:Propranolol; D009638:Norepinephrine; D011224:Prazosin; D010646:Phentolamine