title: Inapparent carriers of simian acquired immune deficiency syndrome type D retrovirus and disease transmission with saliva.
abstract: Simian acquired immune deficiency syndrome (SAIDS) type D retrovirus (SRV) was isolated from saliva, urine, and peripheral blood mononuclear cells of a 6-year-old healthy rhesus monkey (Macaca mulatta) seronegative for antibodies to human T-lymphotropic virus (HTLV) type I, HTLV type III, and simian T-lymphotropic virus type III (STLV-III), identified as an inapparent SAIDS carrier in retrospective epidemiologic studies. This animal was linked to 34 cases of SAIDS over a 3-year period. Two juvenile rhesus monkeys inoculated iv with the SRV-containing saliva from this carrier became persistently infected with the retrovirus and developed SAIDS after 4-6 weeks. Both animals seroconverted to SRV, but neither had detectable preinoculation or postinoculation antibodies against HTLV type I, HTLV type III, or STLV-III. One of these animals died of SAIDS with disseminated cytomegalovirus infection after 24 weeks, and the other remains alive with persistent SRV viremia, generalized lymphadenopathy, and splenomegaly after a transient immunosuppression. Major clinical and pathological features associated with the newly described STLV-III were not observed. SRV was subsequently identified in saliva of 2 additional healthy carriers as well as monkeys with SAIDS. The findings of a carrier state in SAIDS and evidence for saliva transmission of the probable causative virus further support the usefulness of this animal model of nononcogenic immunosuppressive retroviral disease.
authors.forename: N W
authors.initials: NW
authors.lastname: Lerche
authors.forename: K G
authors.initials: KG
authors.lastname: Osborn
authors.forename: P A
authors.initials: PA
authors.lastname: Marx
authors.forename: S
authors.initials: S
authors.lastname: Prahalada
authors.forename: D H
authors.initials: DH
authors.lastname: Maul
authors.forename: L J
authors.initials: LJ
authors.lastname: Lowenstine
authors.forename: R J
authors.initials: RJ
authors.lastname: Munn
authors.forename: M L
authors.initials: ML
authors.lastname: Bryant
authors.forename: R V
authors.initials: RV
authors.lastname: Henrickson
authors.forename: L O
authors.initials: LO
authors.lastname: Arthur
mesh_terms: D000163:Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome / Q000635:transmission / Q000662:veterinary*; D000818:Animals; D000914:Antibodies, Viral / Q000032:analysis; D002353:Carrier State / Q000382:microbiology / Q000662:veterinary*; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D005260:Female; D015483:HIV Antibodies; D008213:Lymphocyte Activation; D008253:Macaca mulatta; D008297:Male; D008992:Monkey Diseases / Q000635:transmission*; D011043:Pokeweed Mitogens / Q000494:pharmacology; D012190:Retroviridae / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D012463:Saliva / Q000382:microbiology*
chemical_list: D000914:Antibodies, Viral; D015483:HIV Antibodies; D011043:Pokeweed Mitogens