title: Fetal ethanol exposure: a morphometric analysis of myelination in the optic nerve.
abstract: Pregnant Long-Evans rats were fed a liquid diet containing ethanol during gestation. Controls consisted of both pair-fed dams and dams fed ad libitum with an equivalent, iso-caloric diet lacking ethanol. Subsequent effects of ethanol measured in the offspring include a significant lag in the rate at which non-myelinated axons are lost in association with the initial overproduction of neurons. Additionally, there was a slight lag in the rate of acquisition of myelinated axons; and altogether there was a large increase in the ratio of non-myelinated to myelinated axons. Frequency spectra of myelinated and non-myelinated axons by size were normal, and the relationship between axon size and myelin lamellae was also normal. Measured against the dynamic, normal background of rapid cell-loss and the progressive development of myelin, morphometric demonstration and evaluation of the comparatively small divergences associated with fetal alcohol exposure are difficult: nevertheless, these results are consistent with and help account for the marginal hypomyelination previously observed by quantitative neurochemistry.
authors.affiliation: Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Texas Mental Sciences Institute, Houston 77030.
authors.forename: T
authors.initials: T
authors.lastname: Samorajski
authors.forename: F
authors.initials: F
authors.lastname: Lancaster
authors.forename: R C
authors.initials: RC
authors.lastname: Wiggins
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001369:Axons / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology* / Q000648:ultrastructure; D002452:Cell Count; D000431:Ethanol / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D005260:Female; D008854:Microscopy, Electron; D009186:Myelin Sheath / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology* / Q000648:ultrastructure; D009900:Optic Nerve / Q000187:drug effects / Q000254:growth & development* / Q000648:ultrastructure; D011247:Pregnancy; D011297:Prenatal Exposure Delayed Effects; D051381:Rats
chemical_list: D000431:Ethanol