title: Positional behavior and limb bone adaptations in red howling monkeys (Alouatta seniculus).
abstract: Morphological adaptations to climbing (a scansorial mode of quadrupedal, arboreal locomotion practised on twigs and small branches) are identified by relating anatomical details of limb bones to a sample of 6,136 instantaneous observational recordings on the positional behavior and support uses of 20 different free-ranging, adult red howlers. Our findings are used to infer the original habitat in which proto-red howlers may have acquired such adaptations and to hypothesize that climbing and its related anatomy are a primitive condition for anthropoids.
authors.affiliation: Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, University of Puerto Rico.
authors.forename: M A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Schön Ybarra
authors.forename: M A
authors.initials: MA
authors.lastname: Schön
mesh_terms: D000220:Adaptation, Biological; D000508:Alouatta / Q000033:anatomy & histology* / Q000502:physiology; D000818:Animals; D005075:Biological Evolution; D001842:Bone and Bones / Q000033:anatomy & histology* / Q000502:physiology; D002427:Cebidae / Q000033:anatomy & histology*; D005121:Extremities / Q000033:anatomy & histology* / Q000502:physiology; D008124:Locomotion; D011187:Posture