title: A comparison of frictional forces during simulated canine retraction of a continuous edgewise arch wire.
abstract: One hundred eighty bracket and arch wire combinations of nitinol, beta titanium, and stainless steel were compared as to force (grams) required to overcome a simulated canine retraction assembly. Results showed a significantly larger force required during canine retraction using beta titanium and nitinol when compared with stainless steel.
authors.forename: L D
authors.initials: LD
authors.lastname: Garner
authors.forename: W W
authors.initials: WW
authors.lastname: Allai
authors.forename: B K
authors.initials: BK
authors.lastname: Moore
mesh_terms: D000497:Alloys; D003481:Cuspid; D003722:Dental Alloys; D006801:Humans; D008954:Models, Biological; D009967:Orthodontic Appliances; D009969:Orthodontic Wires; D012464:Saliva, Artificial; D013193:Stainless Steel; D013314:Stress, Mechanical; D013499:Surface Properties; D014025:Titanium; D014087:Tooth Movement Techniques / Q000295:instrumentation*
chemical_list: D000497:Alloys; D003722:Dental Alloys; D012464:Saliva, Artificial; C023988:beta titanium; D013193:Stainless Steel; C013616:nitinol; D014025:Titanium