title: Free radicals in tissue damage in liver diseases and therapeutic approach.
abstract: In vitro and in vivo effects of four hepatoprotective agents: silymarin (LegalonR), (+)-cyanidanol-3 (CatergenR), 6,6-methylene-bis(2,2,4-trimethyl-1, 2-dihydroquinoline) (MTDQ), and 4,5-amino-imidazole-carboxamide-phosphate (Aica-P) on the expression and activity of superoxide dismutase enzyme and on certain cellular immune reactions were studied in lymphocytes (and erythrocytes) from cirrhotic patients and from healthy control subjects. In vitro incubation with these drugs inhibited lectin-induced lymphocyte transformation and some of them decreased the antibody-dependent, spontaneous, and lectin-induced lymphocytotoxicity. MTDQ, silymarin and Aica-P enhanced the superoxide dismutase activity of erythrocytes and lymphocytes and the two latter and (+)-cyanidanol-3 increased the superoxide expression of lymphocytes as measured by flow cytofluorometry. In vivo treatment with Aica-P restored the originally low lymphocyte transformation values of patients' lymphocytes. Our results indirectly suggest that both antioxidant and immunomodulatory activities might be important factors in the hepatoprotective action of these drugs.
authors.affiliation: II. Department of Medicine, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary.
authors.forename: J
authors.initials: J
authors.lastname: Fehér
authors.forename: I
authors.initials: I
authors.lastname: Láng
authors.forename: G
authors.initials: G
authors.lastname: Deák
authors.forename: A
authors.initials: A
authors.lastname: Cornides
authors.forename: K
authors.initials: K
authors.lastname: Nékám
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Gergely
mesh_terms: D000620:Aminoimidazole Carboxamide / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D000975:Antioxidants / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D002392:Catechin / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D005419:Flavonoids / Q000494:pharmacology*; D005609:Free Radicals; D006801:Humans; D007093:Imidazoles / Q000494:pharmacology*; D007166:Immunosuppressive Agents / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use; D008099:Liver / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000378:metabolism; D008103:Liver Cirrhosis / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000378:metabolism; D008213:Lymphocyte Activation / Q000187:drug effects; D011804:Quinolines / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D012263:Ribonucleosides / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D012838:Silymarin / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D013482:Superoxide Dismutase / Q000378:metabolism; D013844:Thiazoles / Q000494:pharmacology*
chemical_list: D000975:Antioxidants; D005419:Flavonoids; D005609:Free Radicals; D007093:Imidazoles; D007166:Immunosuppressive Agents; D011804:Quinolines; D012263:Ribonucleosides; D012838:Silymarin; D013844:Thiazoles; D000620:Aminoimidazole Carboxamide; C011923:6,6'-methylene bis(2,2,4-trimethyl-1,2-dihydroquinoline); C011651:acadesine; D002392:Catechin; D013482:Superoxide Dismutase