title: Effects of lidocaine with epinephrine on fear related arousal among dental phobics.
abstract: The effects of 2% lidocaine containing 72 μg epinephrine on fear related arousal were tested using a cross-over design on dental patients fearful of injections and other dental procedures. Heart rate and body movement in the dental operatory were monitored, and subjects' self-reported upset in the Epinephrine condition than in the No-Epinephrine condition (F = 4.8, p = .04), but the clinical significance was negligible. No interaction between initial fear levels and the drug condition could be established. Results suggest that pre-existing dental fear levels may produce greater self-report, behavioral or physiological arousal in the dental operatory than exogenous epinephrine.
authors.forename: L
authors.initials: L
authors.lastname: Fiset
authors.forename: D
authors.initials: D
authors.lastname: Ramsay
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Milgrom
authors.forename: P
authors.initials: P
authors.lastname: Weinstein
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000766:Anesthesia, Dental; D001143:Arousal / Q000187:drug effects*; D003729:Dental Care / Q000523:psychology; D004837:Epinephrine / Q000494:pharmacology; D005239:Fear / Q000187:drug effects*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008012:Lidocaine / Q000494:pharmacology*; D008297:Male
chemical_list: D008012:Lidocaine; D004837:Epinephrine