title: A cytokine network in human diploid fibroblasts: interactions of beta-interferons, tumor necrosis factor, platelet-derived growth factor, and interleukin-1.
abstract: Earlier studies demonstrated the induction of beta 2-interferon (IFN-beta 2) in human diploid fibroblasts (FS-4 strain) exposed to tumor necrosis factor (TNF). These studies suggested that IFN-beta 2 mediates an antiviral effect in TNF-treated cells and exerts a feedback inhibition of the mitogenic effect of TNF. Here we demonstrate that the expression of the antiviral action of TNF can be enhanced by prior exposure of FS-4 cells to trace amounts of IFN-beta 1. IFN-beta 1, at a higher concentration, can directly increase the expression of IFN-beta 2. Exposure of cells to TNF enhanced IFN-beta 2 (but not IFN-beta 1) mRNA expression in response to poly(I).poly(C), an IFN inducer which is also known to stimulate FS-4 cell growth. Platelet-derived growth factor and interleukin-1 also led to the increased expression of IFN-beta 2. However, platelet-derived growth factor and interleukin-1 could override the antiviral effect of TNF and also that of exogenously added IFN-beta 1. Our data suggest that a complex network of interactions that involves the endogenous production of IFN-beta 2 is triggered by several growth-modulatory cytokines. Cellular homeostasis is likely to represent a balance between the induction of IFN-beta 2 by these cytokines and their ability to override the inhibitory actions of IFN-beta 2.
mesh_terms: D005347:Fibroblasts / Q000187:drug effects; D006023:Glycoproteins / Q000494:pharmacology*; D006801:Humans; D007370:Interferon Type I / Q000096:biosynthesis / Q000235:genetics* / Q000494:pharmacology; D007375:Interleukin-1 / Q000494:pharmacology*; D007700:Kinetics; D009693:Nucleic Acid Hybridization; D010982:Platelet-Derived Growth Factor / Q000494:pharmacology*; D011070:Poly I-C / Q000494:pharmacology; D012333:RNA, Messenger / Q000187:drug effects / Q000235:genetics; D011994:Recombinant Proteins / Q000494:pharmacology; D012867:Skin / Q000187:drug effects; D014158:Transcription, Genetic / Q000187:drug effects; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha
chemical_list: D006023:Glycoproteins; D007370:Interferon Type I; D007375:Interleukin-1; D010982:Platelet-Derived Growth Factor; D012333:RNA, Messenger; D011994:Recombinant Proteins; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; D011070:Poly I-C