Transcomplementation of HLA genes in IDDM. HLA-DQ alpha- and beta-chains produce hybrid molecules in DR3/4 heterozygotes.
The HLA association with insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus is highest among individuals heterozygous for DR3 and DR4. To investigate potential mechanisms to account for this association, we performed two-dimensional gel-electrophoretic analysis of HLA molecules from DR3/4 heterozygous patients. These studies demonstrated hybrid molecular dimers corresponding to products of HLA-DQ genes linked to DR3 and DR4, i.e., the DQw2 and DQw3 genes, respectively. Two types of DQ molecules were found: immunoprecipitation by DQw3-specific monoclonal antibody 17.15 identified a DQw3 beta-chain associating with a DQw3 alpha-chain and a DQw3 beta-chain associating with a DQw2 alpha-chain. The identity of alpha- and beta-chains comprising these hybrid molecules was confirmed by HPLC peptide-map analysis. Several characteristic peptide peaks identified both DQw2 and DQw3 alpha-chains associated with DQw3 beta-chains. The formation of such DQ alpha (DQw2)-Dq beta (DQw3) dimers potentially contributes a direct molecular mechanism for HLA-associated contributions to disease in DR3/DR4 heterozygotes.
D003922:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1 / Q000235:genetics* / Q000276:immunology; D006681:HLA-D Antigens / Q000235:genetics*; D006683:HLA-DQ Antigens / Q000235:genetics* / Q000302:isolation & purification; D006684:HLA-DR Antigens / Q000235:genetics* / Q000302:isolation & purification; D015803:HLA-DR3 Antigen; D015804:HLA-DR4 Antigen; D006579:Heterozygote; D006801:Humans
D006681:HLA-D Antigens; D006683:HLA-DQ Antigens; D006684:HLA-DR Antigens; D015803:HLA-DR3 Antigen; D015804:HLA-DR4 Antigen