Afferent and efferent innervation patterns of the superior olivary nucleus of the leopard frog.
An HRP study of the frog's superior olivary nucleus (SON) revealed that it (1) receives reciprocal tonotopic projections from dorsal medullary nuclei and principal nuclei of the torus semicircularis (TS) bilaterally; (2) receives bilateral projections from caudalis nuclei and brainstem reticular nuclei, and unilateral projections from the ipsilateral ventral tegmental nuclei and the contralateral SON; (3) is reciprocally connected with the ipsilateral laminar and magnocellular nuclei of the TS, dorsal tegmental nuclei and the posterior thalamic nucleus; (4) projects directly to the ipsilateral central thalamic nucleus.
D000818:Animals; D001306:Auditory Pathways / Q000033:anatomy & histology; D001931:Brain Mapping; D008526:Medulla Oblongata / Q000033:anatomy & histology; D008636:Mesencephalon / Q000033:anatomy & histology; D009847:Olivary Nucleus / Q000033:anatomy & histology* / Q000502:physiology; D010898:Pitch Perception / Q000502:physiology*; D011894:Rana pipiens; D012154:Reticular Formation / Q000033:anatomy & histology; D013681:Tegmentum Mesencephali / Q000033:anatomy & histology; D013787:Thalamic Nuclei / Q000033:anatomy & histology