title: A red eye and high intraocular pressure.
abstract: A 76-year-old woman presents with the classic findings of a carotid-cavernous fistula, including a red eye due to arterialization of the conjunctival veins, proptosis, retinal venous obstructive disease and elevated intraocular pressure. Enlarged extraocular muscles were found on CT scan leading to the misdiagnosis of thyroid orbitopathy. The differential diagnosis and therapy of the dural cavernous fistula and the intraocular pressure are discussed.
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D001164:Arteriovenous Fistula / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000473:pathology; D002340:Carotid Artery Diseases / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology; D002426:Cavernous Sinus; D002533:Cerebral Angiography; D003937:Diagnosis, Differential; D009877:Endophthalmitis / Q000175:diagnosis*; D005260:Female; D005654:Fundus Oculi; D006801:Humans; D007429:Intraocular Pressure; D009801:Oculomotor Muscles / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed