title: HLA-DR 3 is associated with a more slowly progressive form of type 1 (insulin-dependent) diabetes.
abstract: The presence of HLA-DR 3 was analysed in 745 patients with Type 1 (insulin-dependent) diabetes with age at diagnosis between 1-19 years. HLA-DR 3 and/or 4 was found in 678/745 (91%) of the patients. Presence of DR2 with neither DR 3 nor 4 was demonstrated in 15 patients. Patients with HLA-DR 3 without DR 4 presented with Type 1 diabetes more evenly over the year; they also presented without incidence peaks at 7 years or 10-11 years, as seen especially in DR 3/4 patients. The DR 3 patients more often had mild disease with less ketonuria at diagnosis, less often ketoacidotic symptoms and more often a subsequent partial remission. The apparently more severe disease among diabetic girls may, at least to some extent, be explained by their higher prevalence of HLA-DR 4. The differences found were similar in North America and Europe. The results suggest that Type 1 diabetes is a genetically heterogeneous disease and that HLA-typing may be a useful marker of this heterogeneity.
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D003922:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1 / Q000235:genetics*; D005060:Europe; D005260:Female; D005819:Genetic Markers; D005838:Genotype; D015803:HLA-DR3 Antigen; D015804:HLA-DR4 Antigen; D000949:Histocompatibility Antigens Class II / Q000032:analysis*; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D008297:Male; D010641:Phenotype; D012737:Sex Factors; D014481:United States
chemical_list: D005819:Genetic Markers; D015803:HLA-DR3 Antigen; D015804:HLA-DR4 Antigen; D000949:Histocompatibility Antigens Class II