title: Afferent and efferent innervation patterns of the superior olivary nucleus of the leopard frog.
abstract: An HRP study of the frog's superior olivary nucleus (SON) revealed that it (1) receives reciprocal tonotopic projections from dorsal medullary nuclei and principal nuclei of the torus semicircularis (TS) bilaterally; (2) receives bilateral projections from caudalis nuclei and brainstem reticular nuclei, and unilateral projections from the ipsilateral ventral tegmental nuclei and the contralateral SON; (3) is reciprocally connected with the ipsilateral laminar and magnocellular nuclei of the TS, dorsal tegmental nuclei and the posterior thalamic nucleus; (4) projects directly to the ipsilateral central thalamic nucleus.
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001306:Auditory Pathways / Q000033:anatomy & histology; D001931:Brain Mapping; D008526:Medulla Oblongata / Q000033:anatomy & histology; D008636:Mesencephalon / Q000033:anatomy & histology; D009847:Olivary Nucleus / Q000033:anatomy & histology* / Q000502:physiology; D010898:Pitch Perception / Q000502:physiology*; D011894:Rana pipiens; D012154:Reticular Formation / Q000033:anatomy & histology; D013681:Tegmentum Mesencephali / Q000033:anatomy & histology; D013787:Thalamic Nuclei / Q000033:anatomy & histology