title: Racial difference in hemoglobin concentration of young adults.
abstract: Hemoglobin concentration was measured in 1,001 young adults (34% black, 66% white), ages 17 to 24 years, in a community survey. Hemoglobin levels were 0.9 g/dl lower in blacks than in whites (P less than 0.001) and 2.0 g/dl lower in females than in males (P less than 0.001). Black females had the highest prevalence of anemia (16%) and the lowest prevalence of polycythemia 3%), while white females had the lowest prevalence of anemia (1%) and highest prevalence of polycythemia (9%). Mean hemoglobin levels in females did not increase after approximately age 12 1/2 years, while those in males continued to increase until age 17 years. Regular cigarette smoking was a potent risk factor for polycythemia in white males. Number of cigarettes smoked per week and number of years as a regular smoker increased hemoglobin concentration. New criteria, based on population distribution of hemoglobin levels, may be needed for defining anemia and polycythemia in black populations and cigarette smokers.
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000740:Anemia / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology; D044383:Black People; D003430:Cross-Sectional Studies; D005260:Female; D006452:Hemoglobinometry; D006454:Hemoglobins / Q000032:analysis*; D006801:Humans; D008137:Longitudinal Studies; D008297:Male; D011086:Polycythemia / Q000453:epidemiology / Q000209:etiology; D012737:Sex Factors; D012907:Smoking / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000453:epidemiology; D044465:White People
chemical_list: D006454:Hemoglobins