title: Tumor necrosis factor as an interleukin 1-dependent differentiation inducing factor (D-factor) for mouse myeloid leukemic cells.
abstract: Experiments were conducted to purify the differentiation-inducing factor (D-factor), which induces differentiation of mouse myeloid leukemic cell line, Ml, into macrophage-like cells, in a conditioned medium of guinea pig peritoneal macrophages stimulated with lipopolysaccharide. On gel filtration under high performance liquid column chromatography (HPLC), D-factor eluted at the position of 45-15 KD. By the subsequent separation on DEAE HPLC the D-factor activity disappeared. However, in the presence of recombinant human IL 1 alpha the D-factor activity appeared at a position where tumor necrosis factor (TNF) eluted. Even after fractionation on hydroxyapatite HPLC the IL 1-dependent D-factor was co-chromatographed with TNF. Recombinant human TNF as well as the partially purified guinea pig TNF induced differentiation of Ml cells in conjunction with either the partially purified guinea pig IL 1 or recombinant human IL 1 alpha, although these factors by themselves did not induce differentiation. These findings suggest that a part of D-factor activity in the conditioned medium resulted from the cooperative effects between TNF and IL 1.
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002454:Cell Differentiation / Q000187:drug effects; D002460:Cell Line; D003470:Culture Media; D003603:Cytotoxins / Q000494:pharmacology*; D006023:Glycoproteins / Q000494:pharmacology*; D006168:Guinea Pigs; D006801:Humans; D007375:Interleukin-1 / Q000494:pharmacology*; D007942:Leukemia, Experimental; D008262:Macrophage Activation; D008264:Macrophages / Q000166:cytology; D051379:Mice; D011994:Recombinant Proteins / Q000494:pharmacology*; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha
chemical_list: D003470:Culture Media; D003603:Cytotoxins; D006023:Glycoproteins; D007375:Interleukin-1; D011994:Recombinant Proteins; D014409:Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha