title: Recurrent meningitis due to pneumococci and non-typable Haemophilus influenzae in a child with a Mondini malformation.
abstract: An eight-year-old boy with a congenital inner ear malformation and recurrent otitis media had three episodes of bacteriologically confirmed meningitis within seven months. The first episode was caused by pneumococci, the other two by non-typable Haemophilus influenzae. All episodes were characterized by an abrupt onset. The CSF cultures were positive within 0.5 to 12 hours after the onset of symptoms. Despite misleading laboratory studies, surgical exploration revealed a CSF fistula associated to the inner ear anomaly. No further episodes occurred after the fistula was closed. Careful roentgenographic evaluation, including recently introduced special computed tomography (CT) methods, is indicated in recurrent meningitis. In addition, such evaluations should be considered even after the first episode, when special clinical features suggest a CSF fistula. Such features include an extremely rapid onset and detection of common non-invasive bacteria as causative agents, as illustrated by the present case.
mesh_terms: D000667:Ampicillin / Q000627:therapeutic use; D002648:Child; D004423:Ear / Q000002:abnormalities*; D006192:Haemophilus Infections / Q000150:complications* / Q000188:drug therapy; D006193:Haemophilus influenzae; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008586:Meningitis, Pneumococcal / Q000150:complications* / Q000188:drug therapy; D010033:Otitis Media / Q000150:complications* / Q000188:drug therapy; D010406:Penicillins / Q000627:therapeutic use; D012008:Recurrence
chemical_list: D010406:Penicillins; D000667:Ampicillin