title: Pulmonary complications of cytosine-arabinoside therapy: radiographic findings.
abstract: Sixty-four patients underwent 66 remission induction courses with intermediate-dose cytosine-arabinoside (Ara-C) for treatment of acute myelogenous leukemia, acute lymphoblastic leukemia, or high-grade malignant non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. The Ara-C was administered in combination with amsacrine with or without VP16-213 and prednisone. After complete remission was achieved, 27 patients received 38 consolidation courses consisting of high-dose Ara-C either alone or in combination with amsacrine with or without VP16-213 and prednisone. Seven (11%) of 66 induction courses and eight (21%) of 38 consolidation courses were complicated by respiratory failure that was considered a pulmonary reaction to Ara-C therapy. The initial findings on chest radiographs in the 15 cases included a diffuse interstitial pattern (two), a mixed interstitial-alveolar pattern (eight), an alveolar pattern (three), and a normal pattern (two). In 11 cases, the abnormalities were diffuse throughout both lungs with a preference for the lower lobes in five. The changes were localized in two cases. A small pleural effusion was observed in two patients. In the majority of cases, the initial radiographic changes progressed to a predominantly alveolar pattern. Thirteen patients recovered clinically within 2-9 days, and two patients died of pulmonary complications. Radiologic recovery took 7-21 days. Rapid regression of alveolar consolidations within 3-7 days was the first sign of radiologic improvement. The interstitial pattern gradually regressed. We conclude that the spectrum of radiologic abnormalities in cases of pulmonary reaction to Ara-C therapy includes diffuse interstitial, mixed interstitial-alveolar, or alveolar pulmonary changes.
mesh_terms: D000677:Amsacrine / Q000008:administration & dosage; D000971:Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols / Q000627:therapeutic use; D003561:Cytarabine / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects*; D005047:Etoposide / Q000008:administration & dosage; D006801:Humans; D007945:Leukemia, Lymphoid / Q000188:drug therapy*; D015470:Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute / Q000188:drug therapy*; D008168:Lung / Q000187:drug effects*; D008228:Lymphoma, Non-Hodgkin / Q000188:drug therapy*; D011241:Prednisone / Q000008:administration & dosage; D011859:Radiography; D012074:Remission Induction; D012131:Respiratory Insufficiency / Q000139:chemically induced* / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging
chemical_list: D000677:Amsacrine; D003561:Cytarabine; D005047:Etoposide; D011241:Prednisone