title: Surface interactions on hydrogel contact lenses: scanning electron microscopy (SEM).
abstract: SEM was used to visualize tear-film/hydrogel polymer surface interactions. Lenses were preserved by fixation including a quaternary ammonium complex to aid in mucin preservation. In less than 2 weeks of continuous wear the anterior surface was completely coated, yet the coating was absent from the posterior lens surface. Tear-film break-up over the deposited lens surface, combined with degradation and deformation at the polymer surface boundary, as well as entrapment of moieties within the polymer matrix, all occurred. These are the likely culprits which can contribute to adverse reactions as well as cause light scatter and diminished vision. Lenses removed directly from the eyes of patients suffering with different forms of conjunctivitis were obtained. Bacterial and viral conjunctivitis can induce a microbially contaminated as well as a heavily deformed and deposited lens. Viable and intact microbes were not typically observed in the mucoprotein layer of hydrogel contact lenses.
mesh_terms: D003228:Conjunctiva / Q000473:pathology; D003233:Conjunctivitis, Allergic / Q000473:pathology; D003234:Conjunctivitis, Bacterial / Q000473:pathology; D003236:Conjunctivitis, Viral / Q000473:pathology; D003262:Contact Lenses, Extended-Wear / Q000009:adverse effects*; D003263:Contact Lenses, Hydrophilic / Q000009:adverse effects*; D006801:Humans; D020136:Hydrogel, Polyethylene Glycol Dimethacrylate; D008855:Microscopy, Electron, Scanning; D009077:Mucins / Q000378:metabolism; D011092:Polyethylene Glycols / Q000009:adverse effects*; D013666:Tears / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D009077:Mucins; D020136:Hydrogel, Polyethylene Glycol Dimethacrylate; D011092:Polyethylene Glycols