title: Comparative evaluation of enoxacin, ofloxacin, ampicillin, and chloramphenicol for treatment of experimental Haemophilus influenzae pneumonia.
abstract: A murine model of bacteremic Haemophilus influenzae type b pneumonia was used to evaluate the therapeutic efficacies of the quinolone antimicrobial agents enoxacin and ofloxacin compared with those of ampicillin and chloramphenicol. Ampicillin-susceptible (AS) and ampicillin-resistant (AR) challenge strains were employed. Treatment with enoxacin or ofloxacin produced intrapulmonary killing of H. influenzae that was superior to that achieved with ampicillin (P less than 0.01 to P less than 0.001 for both AS and AR strains). Ofloxacin and enoxacin also provided killing greater than that with chloramphenicol for the AS strain (P less than 0.01 to P less than 0.001). For the AR strain, ofloxacin provided killing greater than that obtained with chloramphenicol (P less than 0.001). Survival from AS strain pneumonia was 60% in enoxacin-treated and 78% in ofloxacin-treated animals compared with 41% for chloramphenicol-treated and 23% for ampicillin-treated groups. We conclude that enoxacin and ofloxacin may be effective antimicrobial agents in treating either AS or AR strains causing H. influenzae pneumonia.
mesh_terms: D000667:Ampicillin / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D000818:Animals; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D002701:Chloramphenicol / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D015365:Enoxacin; D005260:Female; D006192:Haemophilus Infections / Q000188:drug therapy*; D006193:Haemophilus influenzae; D007700:Kinetics; D008168:Lung / Q000378:metabolism; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D009287:Naphthyridines / Q000378:metabolism / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D015242:Ofloxacin; D010078:Oxazines / Q000378:metabolism / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D011014:Pneumonia / Q000188:drug therapy*
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D009287:Naphthyridines; D010078:Oxazines; D015365:Enoxacin; D002701:Chloramphenicol; D000667:Ampicillin; D015242:Ofloxacin