Treatment of advanced colorectal and gastric adenocarcinomas with 5-fluorouracil and high-dose folinic acid.
We report the results of an expanded trial of 5-fluorouracil (FUra) combined with high-dose folinic acid for treatment of patients with advanced colorectal or gastric adenocarcinoma. In each treatment course, the patients received both FUra (340-400 mg/m2/day by iv infusion over 15 minutes) and folinic acid (200 mg/m2/day by iv bolus) for 5 consecutive days, with a 21-day interval between courses. Eighty-six patients with colorectal carcinoma were evaluated. The combined complete response (CR) and partial response (PR) rates were 39% for 54 patients who did not receive prior chemotherapy and 22% for 32 patients who had previously received chemotherapy. Four patients who were previously resistant to FUra attained objective responses. The median time to disease progression for the 28 responders was 10 months. The median survival time of responders was 19.5 months, and the probability of their being alive at 2 years was 40%. Of 27 patients with gastric adenocarcinoma, 13 (48%) responded to therapy. Their median time to disease progression was 5.5 months. The median survival time of responders was 11 months, and their probability of being alive at 15 months was 30%. Toxicity was within acceptable limits. Toxic effects included stomatitis, diarrhea, conjunctivitis, skin rash, and mild myeloid hypoplasia. In a separate study, plasma concentrations of L-folates above 10(-5) M were achieved after a rapid single iv injection of 200 mg/m2 of folinic acid.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
D000230:Adenocarcinoma / Q000188:drug therapy*; D000971:Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols / Q000627:therapeutic use* / Q000633:toxicity; D003110:Colonic Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy; D005472:Fluorouracil / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D005770:Gastrointestinal Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D002955:Leucovorin / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000493:pharmacokinetics; D008657:Metabolic Clearance Rate; D012004:Rectal Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy; D013274:Stomach Neoplasms / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000378:metabolism
D002955:Leucovorin; D005472:Fluorouracil