title: Isolation and characterization of major gangliosides from frog liver.
abstract: Four major gangliosides isolated from frog liver were characterized by compositional analysis involving GLC and GC-MS, methylation analysis, chromium trioxide oxidation, and enzymatic hydrolysis. The results revealed that the most major ganglioside in the tissue was GM4 containing N-acetylneuraminic acid and the others were GM4 containing N-glycolylneuraminic acid, GD1a, and a fucosyl ganglioside which was tentatively assigned to be alpha-galactosyl alpha-fucosyl GM1. This is the first report describing the presence of GM4 containing N-glycolylneuraminic acid. The fatty acids in both GM4 were mainly alpha-hydroxylated, and those in the fucosyl ganglioside were exclusively nonhydroxy fatty acids. The GD1a contained both nonhydroxy and alpha-hydroxy fatty acids in a ratio of about 3:2. The predominant species were 22:0, 23:0, 24:0, and 24:1 in both species of the fatty acids. The long-chain bases of these four gangliosides consisted of C18-sphingosine and C18-phytosphingosine together with significant amounts of C16 to C19 dihydroxy and trihydroxy bases with iso and anteiso structures.
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002241:Carbohydrates / Q000032:analysis; D002518:Ceramides / Q000032:analysis; D002855:Chromatography, Thin Layer; D002857:Chromium; D017608:Chromium Compounds; D005732:Gangliosides / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D006868:Hydrolysis; D007202:Indicators and Reagents; D008099:Liver / Q000032:analysis*; D008745:Methylation; D010084:Oxidation-Reduction; D011892:Rana catesbeiana
chemical_list: D002241:Carbohydrates; D002518:Ceramides; D017608:Chromium Compounds; D005732:Gangliosides; D007202:Indicators and Reagents; D002857:Chromium; C028801:chromium trioxide