Boundary artifact due to truncation errors in MR imaging.
A boundary artifact in MR images due to truncation of the infinite Fourier series necessary to encode tissue discontinuities was investigated by using doped water phantoms and normal volunteers. All images were obtained on 0.3-T permanent and 0.6-T superconducting MR imagers with varying phase and frequency sampling rates. The artifact appeared in both the phase and frequency encoding direction as parallel lines or ringing adjacent to borders or tissue discontinuities. This was unlike motion artifacts, which occur predominantly in the phase direction, and chemical shift misregistration errors, which are most pronounced in the frequency direction. Increasing the sampling frequency from 128 to 512 resulted in higher frequency ringing and more rapid drop-off in amplitude. Low-pass digital filtering also decreased the ringing at the expense of fine detail. The truncation of the infinite Fourier series necessary to encode edges to the 128-512 terms used for most MR imaging produces the artifact. It is important to recognize this common artifact and not mistake it for patient motion or disease.
D003951:Diagnostic Errors; D005583:Fourier Analysis; D006801:Humans; D009682:Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; D008961:Models, Structural; D011786:Quality Control; D012984:Software