title: A cephalometric, tomographic, and dental cast evaluation of Fränkel therapy.
abstract: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the skeletal, dental, and condylar positional changes induced by Fränkel FR-2 therapy. The pre- and posttreatment cephalometric, tomographic, and dental cast records of 25 consecutively treated cases were evaluated. Results showed little Class II skeletal correction with no headgear-type restraining effect on the maxilla or mandibular growth stimulation noted. Significant amounts of maxillary incisor retraction and mandibular incisor proclination were observed. The maxillary intermolar width along with the mandibular intercanine and intermolar widths were significantly increased during treatment. No significant changes in condylar position were found during Fränkel therapy and only a small increase in mandibular plane angle was noted.
mesh_terms: D000202:Activator Appliances; D002508:Cephalometry; D002648:Child; D003724:Dental Arch / Q000033:anatomy & histology; D005069:Evaluation Studies as Topic; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007568:Jaw / Q000033:anatomy & histology*; D008297:Male; D008310:Malocclusion / Q000628:therapy*; D008312:Malocclusion, Angle Class II / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000473:pathology / Q000628:therapy*; D008334:Mandible / Q000033:anatomy & histology; D008335:Mandibular Condyle / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D003765:Models, Dental; D009968:Orthodontic Appliances, Removable; D014056:Tomography, X-Ray; D014070:Tooth / Q000033:anatomy & histology