title: Circulating cholera antitoxin memory cells in the blood one year after oral cholera vaccination in humans.
abstract: Oral vaccination with the combined B subunit/whole cell cholera vaccine generates antitoxin memory cells that could be isolated from peripheral blood for at least 1 year after immunization. These memory cells were triggered by antigen in vitro to produce antitoxin in the presence of autologous T cells and monocytes. Antitoxin-producing peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBL) were found in 4 out of 5 previously vaccinated subjects. IgA and IgM isotypes dominated the memory response. The antigen-dose dependency and requirements for a specific ratio of T to B cells for activation of the memory cells in vitro implies T-cell control of antitoxin responses. These antitoxin memory cells in peripheral blood (and corresponding antibacterial memory cells) might represent a pool of circulating cells that on renewed exposure to cholera rapidly produce protective antibody in the gut and thus might have a central role in the long-term protection against reinfection and disease seen in convalescents from cholera.
mesh_terms: D000284:Administration, Oral; D000328:Adult; D000917:Antibody Formation; D000992:Antitoxins / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D001402:B-Lymphocytes / Q000276:immunology*; D002772:Cholera Toxin / Q000276:immunology*; D022121:Cholera Vaccines / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000276:immunology; D006801:Humans; D007156:Immunologic Memory; D008213:Lymphocyte Activation; D008875:Middle Aged; D013601:T-Lymphocytes / Q000276:immunology; D013997:Time Factors; D014611:Vaccination
chemical_list: D000992:Antitoxins; D022121:Cholera Vaccines; D002772:Cholera Toxin