Renal ultrasound in metabolic bone disease.
Fifty-one patients aged 1 year to 56 years with metabolic bone disease underwent renal ultrasound. Medullary nephrocalcinosis was found in nine of 24 patients with X-linked hypophosphatemic rickets and is considered to be iatrogenic, related to vitamin D therapy. Another three in this group of 24 with both medullary and cortical increased renal echogenicity had suffered from repeated episodes of vitamin D intoxication and had secondary hyperparathyroidism. Nephrocalcinosis was less frequent in patients with treated vitamin D-dependent rickets or hypophosphatemic bone disease where generally smaller doses of vitamin D are given. Patients with pseudohypoparathyroidism, on small doses of vitamin D, had a normal renal ultrasound. In cystinosis and Fanconi's syndrome, the kidneys are small, echodense (both the cortex and medulla) with a tendency to cyst formation.
D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D001851:Bone Diseases, Metabolic / Q000473:pathology*; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D003554:Cystinosis / Q000473:pathology; D005198:Fanconi Syndrome / Q000473:pathology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007015:Hypophosphatemia, Familial / Q000473:pathology; D007223:Infant; D007668:Kidney / Q000473:pathology*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009397:Nephrocalcinosis / Q000473:pathology; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012279:Rickets / Q000473:pathology; D014463:Ultrasonography; D014808:Vitamin D Deficiency / Q000473:pathology; D014960:X Chromosome