Effect of dietary chloride on salt-sensitive and renin-dependent hypertension.
We have previously reported that 1) selective dietary sodium loading (without chloride) does not produce hypertension in rats of the Dahl salt-sensitive strain (DS) and 2) selective chloride loading (without sodium) lowers plasma renin activity in the intact Sprague-Dawley rat maintained on a low NaCl diet. The present study examined the effect of selective dietary chloride loading on two models of hypertension: the DS and the renin-dependent one-kidney, one clip Sprague-Dawley rat. The DS were pair-fed (n = 7/group) a "normal" NaCl, a high NaCl (4%), or a "normal" sodium-high chloride diet for 11 weeks. From Week 7 until the end of the experiment, the high NaCl-fed animals had higher (p less than or equal to 0.05) blood pressures than animals fed either the normal NaCl or normal sodium-high chloride diet, which were not different from each other. Thus, in the DS, hypertension depends on high dietary intakes of both sodium and chloride. In one-kidney, one clip hypertensive rats, selective chloride loading failed to lower plasma renin activity (9 +/- 1 vs 7 +/- 1 ng angiotensin I/ml/hr) or to prevent hypertension (160 +/- 10 vs 166 +/- 9 mm Hg). Thus, selective dietary chloride loading (without sodium) does not alter blood pressure in either salt-sensitive or renin-dependent hypertension.
D000818:Animals; D001794:Blood Pressure / Q000187:drug effects*; D002712:Chlorides / Q000494:pharmacology*; D004032:Diet; D004573:Electrolytes / Q000378:metabolism; D006973:Hypertension / Q000378:metabolism*; D006977:Hypertension, Renal / Q000378:metabolism; D008297:Male; D051381:Rats; D011919:Rats, Inbred Strains; D012083:Renin / Q000378:metabolism*; D012965:Sodium Chloride / Q000494:pharmacology
D002712:Chlorides; D004573:Electrolytes; D012965:Sodium Chloride; D012083:Renin