title: Mutagenic properties of spent bleaching liquors from sulphite pulps and a comparison with kraft pulp bleaching liquors.
abstract: Parameters influencing the mutagenic properties of spent bleaching liquors from sulphite pulps have been studied. In addition a comparison has been made between the properties of spent liquors from sulphite and kraft pulp bleaching. In the sulphite process the cooking base had no influence on the mutagenicity of the chlorination stage. In contrast, removing the extractives before chlorination especially for dissolving pulp resulted in an increase in mutagenic activity. The mutagenicity decreased significantly after substituting 40% of the chlorine with chlorine dioxide. Sequential addition of chlorine and chlorine dioxide resulted in higher activity than simultaneous or premixed chlorination as observed for liquors from kraft pulp. Increasing the pH of the extracts or addition of sulphur dioxide decreased the mutagenicity. Expressed as 10(7) revertants per kappa number and ton pulp the mutagenicity varied between 10 and 40 for sulphite pulp while the corresponding figures for kraft pulp were 100-225.
mesh_terms: D002713:Chlorine / Q000494:pharmacology*; D017606:Chlorine Compounds; D006863:Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; D007220:Industrial Waste / Q000494:pharmacology*; D008722:Methods; D009152:Mutagenicity Tests; D010084:Oxidation-Reduction; D010087:Oxides / Q000494:pharmacology*; D012486:Salmonella typhimurium / Q000187:drug effects; D013447:Sulfites; D014934:Wood / Q000032:analysis*
chemical_list: D017606:Chlorine Compounds; D007220:Industrial Waste; D010087:Oxides; D013447:Sulfites; D002713:Chlorine; C025109:chlorine dioxide