title: Synthesis and structure-activity relationships of antibacterial phosphonopeptides incorporating (1-aminoethyl)phosphonic acid and (aminomethyl)phosphonic acid.
abstract: Phosphonodipeptides and phosphonooligopeptides based on L- and D-(1-aminoethyl)phosphonic acids L-Ala(P) and D-Ala(P) and (aminomethyl)phosphonic acid Gly(P) at the acid terminus have been synthesized and investigated as antibacterial agents, which owe their activity to the inhibition of bacterial cell-wall biosynthesis. A method for large-scale synthesis of the potent antibacterial agent L-Ala-L-Ala(P) (1, Alafosfalin) is described. Structure-activity relationships in the dipeptide series have been studied by systematic variation of structure 1. L stereochemistry is generally required for both components. Changes in the L-Ala(P) moiety mostly lead to loss of antibacterial activity, but the phosphonate analogues of L-phenylalanine, L-Phe(P), and L-serine, L-Ser(P), give rise to weakly active L-Ala-L-Phe(P) and L-Ala-L-Ser(P). Replacement of L-Ala in 1 by common and rare amino acids can give rise to more potent in vitro antibacterials such as L-Nva-L-Ala(P) (45). Synthetic variation of these more potent dipeptides leads to decreased activity. Phosphonooligopeptides such as (L-Ala)2-L-Ala(P) have a broader in vitro antibacterial spectrum than their phosphonodipeptide precursor, but this is not expressed in vivo, presumably due to rapid metabolism to 1. Stabilized compounds such as Sar-L-Nva-L-Nva-L-Ala(P) (46) have been developed that are more potent in vivo and have a broader in vivo antibacterial spectrum than the parent phosphonodipeptide.
mesh_terms: D000409:Alanine / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000494:pharmacology; D000615:Aminoethylphosphonic Acid / Q000031:analogs & derivatives; D000818:Animals; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D001419:Bacteria / Q000187:drug effects*; D001693:Biological Transport, Active / Q000187:drug effects; D055598:Chemical Phenomena; D002621:Chemistry; D004926:Escherichia coli / Q000187:drug effects; D004927:Escherichia coli Infections / Q000188:drug therapy; D006193:Haemophilus influenzae / Q000187:drug effects; D051379:Mice; D063065:Organophosphonates; D009943:Organophosphorus Compounds / Q000138:chemical synthesis / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D010455:Peptides / Q000138:chemical synthesis / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D013291:Streptococcus / Q000187:drug effects; D013329:Structure-Activity Relationship
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D063065:Organophosphonates; D009943:Organophosphorus Compounds; D010455:Peptides; C006437:alafosfalin; C036423:1-aminomethylphosphonic acid; C047639:1-(aminoethyl)phosphonic acid; D000615:Aminoethylphosphonic Acid; D000409:Alanine