title: Computer-aided dosage form design. II. Methods for defining a zero-order sustained-release delivery system of maximum formulating flexibility.
abstract: Classical methods employing pharmacokinetic data to calculate zero-order release rates for sustained release products require that a constant-rate drug delivery system must have a duration which is exactly equal to the desired dosage interval. This traditional approach fails to establish the minimum acceptable duration and also fails to provide any flexibility in the formulation goal. While it does calculate one pair of duration and dose values, there are infinite pairs of values capable of maintaining the desired plasma concentrations using the selected dosing interval. In the current method, computer simulations are used to establish the boundary conditions within which any pair of duration and dose values will maintain the desired levels when administered on the chosen dosing interval. By comparing the boundary conditions for every subject in a group, a single set of conditions which would work for the entire group can be selected. These final limits represent the broadest specifications for zero-order drug delivery system design for that particular drug combined with the plasma concentration goals and the desired dosing interval. The method is illustrated using theophylline pharmacokinetics.
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D002648:Child; D003198:Computer Simulation; D003692:Delayed-Action Preparations / Q000592:standards*; D004304:Dosage Forms; D006801:Humans; D013806:Theophylline / Q000493:pharmacokinetics*
chemical_list: D003692:Delayed-Action Preparations; D004304:Dosage Forms; D013806:Theophylline