title: An excursion through the ultrastructural world of quick-frozen pancreatic islets.
abstract: In this article we have presented a philosophical and historical perspective on quick freezing, freeze-drying, freeze-substitution, and immunocytochemical localization of pancreatic islet hormones. A compilation of our findings indicates that quick-freezing does not produce any gross distortion of islet tissue; the amount of usable islet tissue for ultrastructural analysis is approximately 13 micron deep from the frozen edge; three different cell types can be identified in quick-frozen tissue based on general morphological characteristics; freeze-substitution with tetrahydrofuran produces a unique ultrastructural appearance in which ribosomes are particularly striking; with the use of protein A-gold, insulin and glucagon can be localized immunocytochemically on silver-gray (50-nm-thick) sections treated with 1% ovalbumin at room temperature overnight; secretory granules of quick-frozen alpha and beta cells may exist in either a swollen or condensed state; swollen beta cell secretory granules contain a filamentous material that demonstrates immunogold labeling for insulin; insulin and glucagon can be localized within the cisternae of endoplasmic reticulum; our methods provide not only discrete immunocytochemical localization of hormone, but also well-preserved cellular compartments; energy electron loss spectroscopy (EELS) has shown that quantifiable nitrogen maps can be used as an index of hormone packaging in secretory granules; and the sectioning properties of secretory granules at the ultramicrotome change when islet tissue is unosmicated and sectioned on glycerol.
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002451:Cell Compartmentation; D005404:Fixatives; D005612:Freeze Drying; D005615:Freezing; D005934:Glucagon / Q000378:metabolism; D007124:Immunoenzyme Techniques; D007328:Insulin / Q000378:metabolism; D007515:Islets of Langerhans / Q000378:metabolism / Q000648:ultrastructure*; D008297:Male; D008854:Microscopy, Electron / Q000379:methods; D051381:Rats
chemical_list: D005404:Fixatives; D007328:Insulin; D005934:Glucagon