title: Anomalous intrapulmonal vein drainage and pulmonary vein connection in DSA.
abstract: Anomalous pulmonary venous drainage can be detected and evaluated by angiographic studies. Now that intravenous DSA is available, this method can be used to demonstrate pulmonary venous return. This study presents the results of DSA examination in three patients having anomalous pulmonary vein connection with the left innominate vein and the superior vena cava respectively. In a fourth patient, intra-pulmonary atypical venous return could be demonstrated by DSA without anomalous connection. This minimal invasive procedure is diagnostically useful in anomalies of pulmonary veins when recommended post-processing techniques are evaluated, particularly in patients with additional cardiac septal defects.
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000792:Angiography / Q000379:methods*; D016121:Brachiocephalic Veins / Q000002:abnormalities; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011651:Pulmonary Artery / Q000002:abnormalities* / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D011667:Pulmonary Veins / Q000002:abnormalities* / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D013382:Subtraction Technique; D014683:Vena Cava, Superior / Q000002:abnormalities