title: Conditioned tolerance to drug-induced (poly I:C) natural killer cell activation: effects of drug-dosage and context-specificity parameters.
abstract: Three experiments were conducted to evaluate the role of drug-dosage and stimulus-specificity parameters on the tolerance of drug-induced (poly I:C) natural killer (NK) cell activity. In the first experiment a protocol which provided mice with four weekly 20 micrograms/mouse ip injections of the immunostimulatory synthetic polynucleotide (poly I:C) following exposure to either a simple odor cue or a complex cue resulted in tolerance of NK cell activity. The identical protocol with a higher drug dose (50 micrograms/mouse) did not produce tolerance. In a second experiment, the stimulus specificity of tolerance was assessed by giving two groups of mice repeated signaled drug injections. For one of these groups the final poly I:C injection of the series was signaled, while for the other group it was not. Although both groups were tolerant relative to controls not previously exposed to the drug, indirect evidence of conditioning was obtained. Specifically, it was found that tolerance among mice receiving the signal on the test was such that they were not different from undrugged controls, while uncued mice had significantly higher levels of NK cell activity. The third experiment evaluated the role of stimulus specificity within an extinction paradigm. It was found that tolerance was reversed in mice provided with repeated nonreinforced reexposure to drug-signaling cues, while mice exposed to novel cues remained tolerant. These results further support the hypothesis that associative factors contribute to the tolerance of a drug-induced immune response.
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D003216:Conditioning, Operant; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D004361:Drug Tolerance; D005108:Extinction, Psychological; D007694:Killer Cells, Natural / Q000187:drug effects / Q000276:immunology*; D008213:Lymphocyte Activation / Q000187:drug effects; D051379:Mice; D008811:Mice, Inbred DBA; D009812:Odorants; D011070:Poly I-C / Q000494:pharmacology*; D012016:Reference Values
chemical_list: D011070:Poly I-C