Cigarette smoking and Parkinson's disease.
Epidemiologic evidence has suggested a negative association between cigarette smoking and the risk of Parkinson's disease. Although many of the studies had limitations, in aggregate they suggest that smoking may actually be a protective exposure. Other lines of evidence support this view, especially animal data indicating a dopaminergic effect of smoking on the brain.
D001921:Brain / Q000187:drug effects; D004298:Dopamine / Q000378:metabolism; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D009538:Nicotine / Q000494:pharmacology; D010300:Parkinson Disease / Q000209:etiology* / Q000503:physiopathology; D010947:Plants, Toxic; D012907:Smoking; D014026:Nicotiana
D009538:Nicotine; D004298:Dopamine