title: Ceftazidime vs. standard therapy for pediatric meningitis: therapeutic, pharmacologic and epidemiologic observations.
abstract: One hundred patients ages 1 month to 15 years received either ceftazidime (CZ) at a dose of 150 mg/kg/day divided every 8 hours or conventional treatment with chloramphenicol and ampicillin (CA). Seventy-eight had isolates recovered from the cerebrospinal fluid: 40 (51%) were Haemophilus influenzae (all ampicillin-susceptible); 16 (21%) were Streptococcus pneumoniae; 14 (18%) were Neisseria meningitidis; 3 (4%) were salmonellae; 1 (2%) was Pseudomonas; and 1 (2%) was Group B Streptococcus. Six patients with negative cerebrospinal fluid culture had positive latex agglutination (two H. influenzae, three N. meningitidis, one S. pneumoniae). Sixty-one patients had positive blood cultures. CZ inhibited 100% of H. influenzae at 0.78 micrograms/ml, S. pneumoniae at 0.39, N. meningitidis at 0.04 and salmonellae at 0.39 micrograms/ml. The mean peak serum concentration of CZ was 36.4 micrograms/ml with a mean cerebrospinal fluid level of 7.4 micrograms/ml. If one eliminates from the statistics those patients who died less than or equal to 24 hours after admission, five (10%) of 49 patients treated with CZ died, one (2%) improved and 43 (88%) were cured. Overall 29 patients died, 12 receiving CZ (20%) and 8 receiving CA (21%). There were no significant CZ-related toxicities. Gross neurologic sequelae were noted in 5% of 38 CZ patients and 4% of 28 CA patients. CZ compared favorably to CA for treatment of meningitis.
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000667:Ampicillin / Q000627:therapeutic use; D002442:Ceftazidime / Q000378:metabolism / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D002701:Chloramphenicol / Q000627:therapeutic use; D002986:Clinical Trials as Topic; D004359:Drug Therapy, Combination; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007700:Kinetics; D008297:Male; D008581:Meningitis / Q000134:cerebrospinal fluid / Q000188:drug therapy*; D008583:Meningitis, Haemophilus / Q000188:drug therapy; D008585:Meningitis, Meningococcal / Q000188:drug therapy; D008586:Meningitis, Pneumococcal / Q000188:drug therapy; D011897:Random Allocation
chemical_list: D002701:Chloramphenicol; D000667:Ampicillin; D002442:Ceftazidime