title: [Tricuspid regurgitation evaluated by intraoperative epicardial pulsed Doppler echocardiography: investigation of patients with combined valvular diseases].
abstract: To evaluate the grade of tricuspid regurgitation (TR) associated with mitral valve disease and to ascertain the operative procedure for the involved tricuspid valve, epicardial pulsed Doppler echocardiography (PDE) was performed during cardiac surgery. Thirty-two patients with mitral valve disease were studied, 17 of whom had only mitral valve lesion; the remaining 15 had combined mitral and aortic valve disease. The patients' ages ranged from 24 to 63 years and averaged 48.3 years. There were nine men and 23 women. Echocardiographic examinations were performed using a Toshiba SSH-60A for parasternal study and a SSH-11A combined with a SDS-10A with a specially-devised flat transducer for intraoperative use. Intraoperatively, the PDE performed was from the right side of the right atrium (RA), referenced by a four-chamber view and a long-axis view of the right ventricular inflow. The sampling volumes were positioned in the inflow of the right ventricle, immediately above the tricuspid valve, the middle and upper areas of the RA, and adjacent to the interatrial septum. PDE was performed before and immediately after the operative procedure and before chest closure. By severity, TR was classified as non -, mild +/-, moderate +, and severe ++, according to the distances attained by the TR signals from the tricuspid valve orifice, and the velocities and durations of the TR signals during systole. The TR signal was recorded in 23 of 32 patients before surgery, whereas it was determined more adequately in 28 patients by intraoperative epicardial PDE. The gradings of TR via the parasternal approach before surgery were as follows: no TR, in nine cases; mild TR, in three; moderate, in 13; and severe, in seven. Intraoperatively, four patients had none; eight had mild TR; 14, moderate TR; six, severe TR before surgical intervention, respectively. In cases with mild or no TR before surgery, TR was rarely detected by contrast echocardiography using saline solution injected into the right ventricle during surgery. The moderate or severe cases before surgery had moderate or severe TR according to the contrast method during surgery, except for one case not operated on for tricuspid valve disease. Tricuspid valve replacement was performed for two patients, and tricuspid annuloplasty or valvuloplasty for eight.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001022:Aortic Valve Insufficiency / Q000150:complications; D001024:Aortic Valve Stenosis / Q000150:complications; D015150:Echocardiography, Doppler; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007432:Intraoperative Period; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D008944:Mitral Valve Insufficiency / Q000150:complications*; D008946:Mitral Valve Stenosis / Q000150:complications*; D014262:Tricuspid Valve Insufficiency / Q000150:complications / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000601:surgery