title: Isolation and identification of rutin as the major mutagen of red wine.
abstract: The polyphenolics of a red wine were concentrated by salt-induced phase separation into acetone-alcohol and fractionated by Sephadex LH-20 and multi-layer counter-current chromatography. The mutagenicity of each fraction was evaluated by the Salmonella mutagenesis assay. The mutagen of red wine required activation by both rat-liver microsomal enzymes and human-fecal enzymes (fecalase). The mutagenic component of red wine was purified to homogeneity by reverse-phase high-performance liquid chromatography (RPHPLC) on Lichrosorb C18 and was identified as rutin by UV spectrometry, co-chromatography with authentic standard on RPHPLC and gas-liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry.
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000818:Animals; D001711:Biotransformation; D002851:Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; D005243:Feces / Q000201:enzymology; D008401:Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry; D006026:Glycoside Hydrolases / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D008862:Microsomes, Liver / Q000201:enzymology; D008875:Middle Aged; D009152:Mutagenicity Tests; D051381:Rats; D012431:Rutin / Q000302:isolation & purification* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000494:pharmacology; D012486:Salmonella typhimurium / Q000187:drug effects; D012995:Solubility; D014920:Wine / Q000032:analysis*
chemical_list: D012431:Rutin; D006026:Glycoside Hydrolases