title: In vivo efficacy of chloroquine treatment for Plasmodium falciparum in Malawian children under five years of age.
abstract: In 1984 the government of Malawi instituted a program to reduce malaria mortality and morbidity in children less than 5 years of age as a part of the Combatting Childhood Communicable Diseases (CCCD) program. To define the appropriate malaria therapy regimen, investigators used a quality assurance design in a simplified 7-day in vivo drug response study with follow-up observations on day 2 (D2), D3, and D7 after the initial day of the study (D0). The efficacy of oral chloroquine was assessed in 224 children who were enrolled at 6 sites, 2 in each of the 3 administrative regions of Malawi. Parasitological failure, defined as failure of parasitemia to decrease by 75% of the value by D3 or presence of any detectable parasitemia on D7, ranged from 41%-65% following administration of chloroquine 25 mg (base)/kg. However, only 8% of children who were parasitemic on D7 were febrile or judged to be ill. Considering these therapeutic results and the higher cost and limited availability of alternative therapies, chloroquine 25 mg/kg therapy was adopted as the primary therapy for malaria.
mesh_terms: D000284:Administration, Oral; D002675:Child, Preschool; D002738:Chloroquine / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000097:blood / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D004341:Drug Evaluation; D006801:Humans; D008288:Malaria / Q000188:drug therapy*; D008295:Malawi; D010963:Plasmodium falciparum
chemical_list: D002738:Chloroquine; C007278:desethylchloroquine