The association of antivascular endothelial cell antibody with hyperacute rejection: a case report.
Early graft loss almost always occurs when recipients of a renal allograft develop antibody directed against antigens specific for donor vascular endothelial cells (VECs) and peripheral blood monocytes. In studies involving recipients of human leukocyte antigen identical, living-related grafts exhibiting preformed antibody to the VEC antigens of their donors, the median onset of rejection was 3 days after transplantation. Although preformed antibody to VEC antigens has been related in numerous articles to early graft loss, there has never been a published report of anti-VEC antibody leading to hyperacute rejection. We report a patient who hyperacutely rejected a renal allograft after undergoing a donor-specific transfusion protocol with her mother in which the kidney was removed in less than 24 hours. Nine months later the patient had a retransplantation with an allograft from a cadaveric donor. The cadaveric graft was again hyperacutely rejected, and this kidney was removed immediately. Anti-VEC/monocyte antibody directed against both donors was detected in the patient's pretransplant sera. With the exception of a positive B-lymphocyte crossmatch with her mother, all the standard crossmatches were negative.
D000293:Adolescent; D000906:Antibodies / Q000032:analysis*; D001788:Blood Grouping and Crossmatching; D004727:Endothelium / Q000166:cytology / Q000276:immunology; D005260:Female; D006084:Graft Rejection; D006801:Humans; D007668:Kidney / Q000098:blood supply; D016030:Kidney Transplantation; D009000:Monocytes / Q000276:immunology
D000906:Antibodies