title: The clinical spectrum of renal tubular acidosis.
abstract: Renal tubular acidosis (RTA) is associated with a large group of disorders that interfere with normal tubular hydrogen-ion handling by any of several mechanisms. This review presents an approach to the pathophysiology, diagnosis, and therapy of RTA by defining three major subgroups: proximal RTA, distal RTA presenting with normal or decreased serum potassium (hypokalemic distal RTA), and distal RTA presenting with increased serum potassium (hyperkalemic distal RTA).
mesh_terms: D000141:Acidosis, Renal Tubular / Q000145:classification / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000209:etiology / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000628:therapy; D000328:Adult; D000450:Aldosterone / Q000172:deficiency; D000643:Ammonium Chloride; D000818:Animals; D001639:Bicarbonates; D001851:Bone Diseases, Metabolic / Q000209:etiology; D002648:Child; D003937:Diagnosis, Differential; D005438:Fludrocortisone; D006801:Humans; D006947:Hyperkalemia / Q000209:etiology; D006962:Hyperparathyroidism, Secondary / Q000150:complications; D006996:Hypocalcemia / Q000150:complications; D007008:Hypokalemia / Q000209:etiology; D007669:Kidney Calculi / Q000209:etiology; D007686:Kidney Tubules, Distal / Q000503:physiopathology; D007687:Kidney Tubules, Proximal / Q000503:physiopathology; D009397:Nephrocalcinosis / Q000209:etiology
chemical_list: D001639:Bicarbonates; D000643:Ammonium Chloride; D000450:Aldosterone; D005438:Fludrocortisone