title: High levels of mutagenic activity in chlorinated drinking water in Finland.
abstract: The organic extract from the drinking water of Kuopio, Eastern Finland, turned out to be highly mutagenic in the Ames test. The direct mutagenic activities of the acid/neutral fractions of 48 drinking water samples were on an average 1700 net revertants/l in strain TA100. The highest activities were more than 6000 net revertants/l, and one drinking water sample exceeded 10 000 net revertants/l. The drinking water of Kuopio is produced from lake water which has a relatively high content of humic substances. Water processing involved two chlorination phases. The organic constituents of the water samples were isolated either by continuous liquid-liquid extraction or by absorption on XAD 8 resin.
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001711:Biotransformation; D002713:Chlorine; D005387:Finland; D008862:Microsomes, Liver / Q000378:metabolism; D009152:Mutagenicity Tests; D009153:Mutagens / Q000032:analysis*; D051381:Rats; D012486:Salmonella typhimurium / Q000187:drug effects; D014873:Water Pollutants / Q000633:toxicity*; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical / Q000633:toxicity*; D014881:Water Supply / Q000032:analysis*
chemical_list: D009153:Mutagens; D014873:Water Pollutants; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical; D002713:Chlorine