title: Urinothorax: report of 4 cases and review of the literature.
abstract: Urinothorax should be considered when pleural effusion occurs in patients with urinary tract obstruction accompanied by retroperitoneal urinoma. This recommendation is based on our experience with 4 cases and a review of the literature. In 2 patients urinary obstruction was owing to retroperitoneal fibrosis secondary to malignancy, including one who had a neuroectodermal undifferentiated small round cell tumor and the other who had a metastatic epithelial neoplasm. In the 2 other patients urinary obstruction resulted from a failed ureteroneocystotomy following renal allograft transplantation. All 4 patients had a urinoma, which may be a predisposing factor to urinothorax.
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D002648:Child; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D006869:Hydronephrosis / Q000150:complications; D016030:Kidney Transplantation; D009403:Nephrostomy, Percutaneous; D010996:Pleural Effusion / Q000209:etiology*; D012185:Retroperitoneal Fibrosis / Q000150:complications; D012186:Retroperitoneal Neoplasms / Q000150:complications; D012187:Retroperitoneal Space; D013909:Thorax; D014517:Ureteral Obstruction / Q000150:complications*; D014556:Urine; D014570:Urologic Diseases / Q000150:complications