title: Evaluation of the pharmacodynamic and pharmacokinetic interaction between calcium antagonists and digoxin.
abstract: Therapeutic uses of calcium antagonists have expanded to include not only ischemic heart disease but arrhythmias, systemic hypertension, congestive heart failure, and various pulmonary and gastrointestinal diseases. Many patients receiving a calcium antagonist concomitantly receive digoxin. Although the potential interaction between these agents has frequently been investigated, literature reports are confusing and inconsistent. We summarized the pharmacodynamics, pharmacokinetics, and mechanisms of interaction to help clinicians evaluate the potential calcium antagonist-digoxin interaction.
mesh_terms: D001682:Biological Availability; D002121:Calcium Channel Blockers / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D002318:Cardiovascular Diseases / Q000188:drug therapy; D004077:Digoxin / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D004347:Drug Interactions; D006439:Hemodynamics / Q000187:drug effects*; D006801:Humans; D007700:Kinetics
chemical_list: D002121:Calcium Channel Blockers; D004077:Digoxin