title: Influence of carriers on the development and localization of anti-trinitrophenyl antibody-forming cells in the murine spleen.
abstract: Mice were i.v. immunized with various 2,4,6-trinitrophenyl (TNP)-carrier conjugates, and the development and localization of specific (i.e. anti-TNP) antibody-forming cells (AFC) in the spleen was studied. The nature of the carrier used, thymus dependent (TD) or thymus independent type 1 or type 2 (TI-1, TI-2), had marked effects on the number and time of appearance of AFC. However, no influence of the different carriers on the localization of specific AFC in the spleen was observed. By using a double immunocytochemical technique we could simultaneously determine specificity (anti-TNP) and isotype (class and subclass) of the AFC. The TNP-carrier conjugates evoked (intracellular) immunoglobulins with carrier-characteristic isotype distribution. No carrier-dependent localization pattern, in the lymphoid compartments of the spleen, of these AFC was found. These results show for the first time the actual in situ effects of various TI and TD carriers on the development of specific AFC. Based on the present findings, no direct evidence for a special role of the marginal zone in the immune response against TI-2 antigens could be demonstrated. We suggest that this new method for in vivo investigation, in combination with existing standard enzyme- and immunohistochemical techniques, can provide more insight into the precise role of lymphoid and nonlymphoid cells in TD and TI immune responses.
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000921:Antibody-Producing Cells / Q000276:immunology*; D000941:Antigens / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000276:immunology*; D005260:Female; D005362:Ficoll / Q000276:immunology; D006433:Hemocyanins / Q000276:immunology; D007124:Immunoenzyme Techniques; D007136:Immunoglobulins / Q000096:biosynthesis; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides / Q000276:immunology; D008081:Liposomes / Q000276:immunology; D051379:Mice; D009578:Nitrobenzenes / Q000276:immunology*; D013154:Spleen / Q000166:cytology / Q000276:immunology; D014301:Trinitrobenzenes / Q000276:immunology*
chemical_list: D000941:Antigens; D007136:Immunoglobulins; D008070:Lipopolysaccharides; D008081:Liposomes; D009578:Nitrobenzenes; D014301:Trinitrobenzenes; D005362:Ficoll; D006433:Hemocyanins