title: Genetic and physiological modulation of anthracycline-induced mutagenesis in Salmonella typhimurium.
abstract: The genotoxic properties of adriamycin and daunomycin, anthracycline antibiotics effective in the treatment of a wide variety of malignancies, were examined in the Salmonella/Ames reverse-mutation test. A novel time- and temperature-dependent phenomenon that potentiates the mutagenicity of these compounds, termed mutational enhancement, is described. The results of congeneric and chemical attenuation studies imply that anthracycline-induced free radicals contribute substantively to the mutagenic potentials of adriamycin and daunomycin. These studies show that adriamycin and daunomycin are not simple intercalative compounds. Rather, anthracycline-induced mutagenesis entails at least two separate but intimately related steps, namely, intercalation within discrete base sequences and the free-radical-mediated events that ensue. Implications of the nonrandom and site-specific action of the anthracyclines are discussed.
mesh_terms: D000903:Antibiotics, Antineoplastic; D002614:Chelating Agents / Q000494:pharmacology; D003630:Daunorubicin / Q000633:toxicity; D004317:Doxorubicin / Q000633:toxicity; D005449:Fluorenes / Q000633:toxicity; D005609:Free Radicals; D007364:Intercalating Agents; D009152:Mutagenicity Tests; D009279:Naphthacenes / Q000633:toxicity; D012486:Salmonella typhimurium / Q000187:drug effects*; D013329:Structure-Activity Relationship; D013696:Temperature
chemical_list: D000903:Antibiotics, Antineoplastic; D002614:Chelating Agents; D005449:Fluorenes; D005609:Free Radicals; D007364:Intercalating Agents; D009279:Naphthacenes; C019499:2-nitrofluorene; D004317:Doxorubicin; D003630:Daunorubicin