title: Countercurrent mechanisms in the mammalian gastrointestinal tract.
mesh_terms: D000018:Abomasum / Q000502:physiology; D000818:Animals; D001158:Arteries / Q000502:physiology; D001692:Biological Transport; D002196:Capillaries / Q000033:anatomy & histology / Q000502:physiology; D002199:Capillary Permeability; D004064:Digestive System / Q000033:anatomy & histology / Q000378:metabolism; D004068:Digestive System Physiological Phenomena; D006801:Humans; D007408:Intestinal Absorption; D007422:Intestines / Q000033:anatomy & histology / Q000098:blood supply / Q000166:cytology; D009994:Osmolar Concentration; D010100:Oxygen / Q000502:physiology; D010949:Plasma / Q000502:physiology; D012417:Rumen / Q000502:physiology
chemical_list: D010100:Oxygen