title: Etiopathogenesis, clinical manifestations, and management of canine calcium oxalate urolithiasis.
abstract: Calcium oxalate uroliths are commonly called metabolic uroliths because they are sequelae of a variety of metabolic abnormalities that alter the composition of body fluids and urine. Factors incriminated in the etiopathogenesis of calcium oxalate urolithiasis include hypercalciuria, hyperoxaluria, and hyperuricosuria. The predominant type of calcium oxalate urolith encountered in dogs is the monohydrate form; however, the dihydrate form may also occur. Male dogs have been more frequently affected than female dogs. Medical therapy should be formulated with the goal of reducing urine concentration of calculogenic substances.
mesh_terms: D000493:Allopurinol / Q000627:therapeutic use; D000818:Animals; D001581:Benzothiadiazines; D002129:Calcium Oxalate / Q000652:urine*; D002482:Cellulose / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000627:therapeutic use; D002951:Citrates / Q000627:therapeutic use; D003460:Crystallization; D004232:Diuretics; D004283:Dog Diseases / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000209:etiology*; D004285:Dogs; D006934:Hypercalcemia / Q000652:urine / Q000662:veterinary; D008274:Magnesium / Q000627:therapeutic use; D008751:Methylene Blue / Q000627:therapeutic use; D010710:Phosphates / Q000627:therapeutic use; D049993:Sodium Chloride Symporter Inhibitors / Q000627:therapeutic use; D014527:Uric Acid / Q000652:urine; D014545:Urinary Calculi / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000209:etiology / Q000662:veterinary*
chemical_list: D001581:Benzothiadiazines; D002951:Citrates; D004232:Diuretics; D010710:Phosphates; D049993:Sodium Chloride Symporter Inhibitors; D002129:Calcium Oxalate; D014527:Uric Acid; D000493:Allopurinol; D002482:Cellulose; C008881:phosphocellulose; D008274:Magnesium; D008751:Methylene Blue