title: Unusual manifestations of monoclonal gammopathies. Autoimmune and idiopathic syndromes.
abstract: Manifestations of monoclonal gammopathies are due to four broad mechanisms: destruction of bones, bone marrow, and normal tissues by an expanding tumor; nonspecific effects of large amounts of circulating paraproteins leading to hyperviscosity; autoantibody specificity of paraproteins that give rise to cryoglobulinemia, cold agglutinin disease, and other autoimmune phenomena, as well as incidental binding to bacterial antigens and haptens; and idiopathic syndromes due to as yet unidentified tumor products or other mechanisms. A review with an emphasis on the autoimmune and idiopathic manifestations of monoclonal gammopathies is presented.
mesh_terms: D000906:Antibodies / Q000276:immunology*; D000911:Antibodies, Monoclonal / Q000276:immunology*; D001327:Autoimmune Diseases / Q000150:complications*; D006801:Humans; D009369:Neoplasms / Q000150:complications; D010265:Paraproteinemias / Q000097:blood / Q000209:etiology / Q000276:immunology*
chemical_list: D000906:Antibodies; D000911:Antibodies, Monoclonal