title: Relation of spelling and writing in learning disabilities.
abstract: The paper describes a study in which the relationship between the cognitive and psychomotor aspects of children's spelling and writing performances was investigated. By comparing data from various categories of children the relationship between the semantic and psychomotor functions could be examined, and differences between the skill performances of the three groups of students were predicted. A four-way 3 X 3 X 2 X 2 orthogonal design with categories of subjects, type, structure, and length of task as independent variables was used in the laboratory study, with 24 "normal", 24 dyslexic, and 24 dysgraphic nine-year-old children as subjects. Most of the 16 hypotheses were verified by data identifying some of the spelling and writing characteristics of the three groups of children and the effects of contextual parameters on their performances. Dyslexic children, for example, seemed to write more slowly than the others, and their mean score of spelling errors was the highest one, whereas the dysgraphic children had the lowest mean score in writing accuracy and rhythm.
mesh_terms: D002648:Child; D004410:Dyslexia / Q000523:psychology; D006236:Handwriting; D006801:Humans; D007859:Learning Disabilities / Q000523:psychology*; D011597:Psychomotor Performance; D012660:Semantics; D014706:Verbal Learning; D014956:Writing