title: A novel redox system for CNS-directed delivery of estradiol causes sustained LH suppression in castrate rats.
abstract: A series of 4 studies was conducted to examine the estrogen-like activity of a chemical delivery system (CDS) coupled to estradiol (E2). The CDS is based on a redox system, analogous to the NAD+ in equilibrium NADH coenzyme system and has previously been shown capable of sustained and site specific drug delivery to the central nervous system. The ability of CDS-E2 to suppress luteinizing hormone (LH) in gonadectomized rats was examined as an index of sustained estrogen action. A single dose of CDS-E2 resulted in significantly decreased LH serum levels in castrate rats through at least 24 days while an equimolar dose of E2 resulted in only transient LH decrease. Serum E2 levels were not different between the treatment groups, indicating that peripheral estrogen could not readily explain sustained hormone activity. A dose-response relationship was observed 12 days post-drug treatment in all monitored estrogen activities which showed CDS-E2 is more potent compared to equimolar E2. Further, LH suppression was significantly greater compared to ovariectomized rats treated with equimolar estradiol valerate, while anterior pituitary weights were not different between groups. Together with our previous data, these studies show that CDS-E2 exerts sustained estrogen-like activity which cannot be readily attributed to circulating E2 levels. These findings are consistent with a sustained, brain directed delivery of estrogen.
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D055598:Chemical Phenomena; D002621:Chemistry; D004095:Dihydropyridines; D004121:Dimethyl Sulfoxide / Q000494:pharmacology; D004958:Estradiol / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000494:pharmacology; D005260:Female; D007986:Luteinizing Hormone / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors* / Q000097:blood; D009539:Nicotinic Acids / Q000494:pharmacology*; D009919:Orchiectomy; D009929:Organ Size; D010052:Ovariectomy; D010084:Oxidation-Reduction; D010903:Pituitary Gland, Anterior / Q000187:drug effects; D051381:Rats; D011919:Rats, Inbred Strains; D014599:Uterus / Q000187:drug effects
chemical_list: D004095:Dihydropyridines; D009539:Nicotinic Acids; C051867:estradiol 17-dihydrotrigonelline; D004958:Estradiol; D007986:Luteinizing Hormone; D004121:Dimethyl Sulfoxide