title: Microbial mutagenicity studies with (Z)-1,3-dichloropropene.
abstract: This study has confirmed that the direct mutagenicity previously observed when S. typhimurium TA100 was treated with (Z)-1,3-dichloropropene (DCP) was in fact due to trace impurities. These impurities result from autoxidation of (Z)-1,3-DCP and have now been identified. Both (Z)- and (E)-2-chloro-3-(chloromethyl)oxiranes (DCP oxides) were identified as significant products during this autoxidation. The mutagenic impurities formed by autoxidation were completely removed by adsorption chromatography on silicic acid. (Z)-1,3-DCP purified in this way had no direct-acting mutagenicity towards S. typhimurium TA100. However, (Z)-1,3-DCP undergoes mono-oxygenase-catalysed conversion into bacterial mutagens in the presence of S9 fraction or washed microsomes from rat liver. The glutathione-linked conjugation systems of mammalian tissues provided efficient protection against this indirect mutagenic action. However, the low concentration of glutathione in standard bacterial mutagenicity assays limits the glutathione S-alkyl transferase-catalysed detoxification of (Z)-1,3-DCP and its primary bioactivation product(s). When the concentration of glutathione was adjusted to the normal physiological concentration, the mono-oxygenase-dependent mutagenic action of (Z)-1,3-DCP was virtually eliminated. These results therefore are consistent with the view that bacterial mutation assays are only qualitative indicators of potential mammalian genotoxicity.
mesh_terms: D000498:Allyl Compounds / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000818:Animals; D001711:Biotransformation; D006843:Hydrocarbons, Chlorinated; D007306:Insecticides / Q000494:pharmacology*; D008297:Male; D008862:Microsomes, Liver / Q000378:metabolism; D009152:Mutagenicity Tests; D009153:Mutagens; D009154:Mutation; D051381:Rats; D011916:Rats, Inbred F344; D012486:Salmonella typhimurium / Q000187:drug effects
chemical_list: D000498:Allyl Compounds; D006843:Hydrocarbons, Chlorinated; D007306:Insecticides; D009153:Mutagens; C023891:1,3-dichloro-1-propene