title: Paradoxical anticonvulsant activity of the excitatory amino acid N-methyl-D-aspartate in the rat caudate-putamen.
abstract: We used limbic seizures induced in rats by systemic injection of the cholinergic agonist pilocarpine (380 mg/kg; i.p.) to study the neuronal pathways within the basal ganglia that modulate seizure threshold. N-Methyl-D-aspartate (N-Me-D-Asp) is an excitatory amino acid derivative that is a powerful convulsant agent when injected into the cerebral cortex, amygdala, or hippocampus in rats. Bilateral microinjections of N-Me-D-Asp into the caudate-putamen, however, protected against limbic seizures induced by pilocarpine (injected systemically), with an ED50 of 0.7 nmol (range 0.5-1.0 nmol). Lesioning the caudate-putamen (by bilateral microinjection of the excitotoxin ibotenate) converted subconvulsant doses of pilocarpine into convulsant ones. The anticonvulsant action of N-Me-D-Asp in the caudate-putamen was reversed by blocking gamma-aminobutyrate-mediated inhibition in the substantia nigra pars reticulata or in the entopeduncular nucleus. The results suggest that the caudate-putamen and its gamma-aminobutyrate-dependent efferent pathways modulate the threshold for seizures in the limbic forebrain.
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000927:Anticonvulsants / Q000494:pharmacology*; D001224:Aspartic Acid / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000494:pharmacology; D002421:Caudate Nucleus / Q000187:drug effects*; D004827:Epilepsy / Q000209:etiology; D007051:Ibotenic Acid / Q000494:pharmacology; D008297:Male; D016202:N-Methylaspartate; D010862:Pilocarpine / Q000494:pharmacology; D011699:Putamen / Q000187:drug effects*; D051381:Rats; D011919:Rats, Inbred Strains; D013378:Substantia Nigra / Q000187:drug effects
chemical_list: D000927:Anticonvulsants; D010862:Pilocarpine; D007051:Ibotenic Acid; D001224:Aspartic Acid; D016202:N-Methylaspartate