title: Application of sensors for the determination of physical and biochemical parameters in the fermentation of animal cells.
abstract: Biosensors, sondes, and transducer elements are reviewed with respect to the application for fermentation processes of animal cells. Hereby, the possible connection of these elements to the fermentor is shown. Specially, the (possible) online determinations of the viable and total cell count, of the glucose, the lactate, the pyruvate, and the ammonia concentration in the medium of fermentors are presented. Finally, some sensors for the on-line estimation of the product concentration are described.
mesh_terms: D000255:Adenosine Triphosphate / Q000032:analysis; D000596:Amino Acids / Q000032:analysis; D000818:Animals; D001709:Biotechnology / Q000295:instrumentation*; D002478:Cells, Cultured / Q000378:metabolism*; D003470:Culture Media / Q000032:analysis; D004247:DNA / Q000032:analysis; D004566:Electrodes; D005285:Fermentation; D005434:Flow Cytometry / Q000295:instrumentation; D005947:Glucose / Q000032:analysis; D007158:Immunologic Techniques; D007773:Lactates / Q000032:analysis; D011773:Pyruvates / Q000032:analysis
chemical_list: D000596:Amino Acids; D003470:Culture Media; D007773:Lactates; D011773:Pyruvates; D000255:Adenosine Triphosphate; D004247:DNA; D005947:Glucose