title: Cephalad renal movement during percutaneous nephrostolithotomy.
abstract: The change in the position of the kidney during percutaneous nephrostomy is a major concern to urologists who participate in percutaneous stone removal. We report that the majority of kidneys ascend an average of 2.2 cm. when the patient turns from a supine to a prone position. This change in position is more marked on the right side and is more common in male patients. Knowledge of this anatomical variation is important to determine which patients are suitable candidates for percutaneous nephrostolithotomy and to plan a percutaneous approach to a renal or ureteral calculus.
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007668:Kidney / Q000503:physiopathology*; D007669:Kidney Calculi / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000601:surgery*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009068:Movement; D009403:Nephrostomy, Percutaneous; D011187:Posture