Altered Purkinje cell maturation in rats exposed prenatally to ethanol. I. Cytology.
Sprague-Dawley pregnant rats received a liquid ethanol diet that was nutritionally balanced and provided 35% of calories in ethanol, beginning on day 6 of gestation. Control animals were pair-fed the same diet except that maltose-dextrins were substituted for ethanol. At birth pups of both ethanol-exposed and pair-fed groups were fostered by surrogate mothers which received normal rat chow ad libitum. An average of eight alcohol-exposed and eight pair-fed pups were killed at 0-1, 5, 7, 10, 14, 21, 28, and 42 days. Their fixed cerebella were bisected in the midvermal plane and one-half embedded in Araldite. Thin sections were cut from lobules II/III and stained with uranyl acetate and lead citrate and visualized with the electron microscope to evaluate the effect of ethanol on Purkinje cell growth and maturation. Although the basic layering of the cerebellar cortex was not altered, alignment of Purkinje neurons to form a monocellular layer was delayed associated with disorientation of some neurons in the ethanol-exposed pups. Delayed differentiation of Purkinje neurons in the experimental animals was also noted as evidenced by the ribosomal accumulation at the basal aspect of the cell at 14 days postnatally, resembling a 7-day control pup. Purkinje neurons of control pups were well differentiated at 14/21 days, with a centralized nucleus surrounded by a cytoplasm containing Nissl bodies, numerous Golgi complexes, and mitochondria. The ethanol-exposed pups at 14/21 days showed delayed maturation indicated by a basal ribosomal mass, with few segments of rough endoplasmic reticulum. At 28/42 days the Purkinje neurons of the controls showed a greater degree of differentiation and maturation in contrast to the reduced protein-synthesizing machinery, i.e., poorly developed endoplasmic reticulum and Nissl bodies, in the experimental pups. These studies showed delayed differentiation and maturation of Purkinje neurons as a consequence of ethanol exposure.
D000014:Abnormalities, Drug-Induced / Q000473:pathology*; D000818:Animals; D000831:Animals, Newborn / Q000033:anatomy & histology; D002454:Cell Differentiation; D002531:Cerebellum / Q000002:abnormalities* / Q000648:ultrastructure; D000431:Ethanol / Q000633:toxicity*; D008854:Microscopy, Electron; D011689:Purkinje Cells / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000473:pathology / Q000648:ultrastructure; D051381:Rats; D013569:Synapses / Q000648:ultrastructure
D000431:Ethanol