title: The phenomenon of leukergy: induction and detection of leukocyte aggregation in whole human blood.
abstract: Leukocyte aggregation is involved in the generation of vascular damage during various inflammatory conditions. So far, in vitro leukocyte aggregation has been studied by mixing patients' plasma or serum with leukocytes of a normal donor in a platelet aggregometer. We evaluated the leukergy phenomenon, that is, the occurrence of aggregated leukocytes in peripheral blood of patients with inflammatory disorders, as an alternative tool to the former method. Leukocyte aggregation could be induced by zymosan-activated plasma, phorbol myristate acetate, and formyl-methionyl-leucyl-phenylalanine, as well as by the calcium ionophore A23187 in vitro in whole human blood. This aggregation was blocked by various lipoxygenase and cyclooxygenase pathway inhibitors. Leukergy was diagnosed in peripheral blood of patients with inflammatory disorders and was generally not associated with elevated concentrations of immune complexes, lactoferrin, C3a des Arg, or C5a des Arg. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report on leukocyte aggregation studies performed in whole blood. Such study permits evaluation of the aggregation phenomena of leukocytes in their natural milieu. Furthermore, it is possible with this method to obtain direct visualization of leukocytic aggregates in the peripheral blood of patients. The significance of our results and their possible implications are discussed in light of the pertinent literature.
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000936:Antigen-Antibody Complex / Q000032:analysis*; D002449:Cell Aggregation; D003176:Complement C3 / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000032:analysis; D015926:Complement C3a / Q000031:analogs & derivatives*; D003182:Complement C5 / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000032:analysis; D015937:Complement C5a, des-Arginine; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007249:Inflammation / Q000097:blood; D007781:Lactoferrin / Q000097:blood; D007962:Leukocytes / Q000166:cytology* / Q000187:drug effects; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D013755:Tetradecanoylphorbol Acetate / Q000494:pharmacology; D015054:Zymosan / Q000494:pharmacology
chemical_list: D000936:Antigen-Antibody Complex; D003176:Complement C3; D003182:Complement C5; D015937:Complement C5a, des-Arginine; C044541:complement C3a, des-Arg-(77)-; D015926:Complement C3a; D015054:Zymosan; D007781:Lactoferrin; D013755:Tetradecanoylphorbol Acetate