title: The effects of N,N-diethyl-4-methyl-3-oxo-4-aza-5 alpha-androstane-17 beta-carboxamide, a 5 alpha-reductase inhibitor and antiandrogen, on the development of baldness in the stumptail macaque.
abstract: We used a primate model of male-pattern baldness to test the efficacy of a topically applied 5 alpha-reductase inhibitor and antiandrogen (4-MA) in the prevention of baldness. Six periadolescent stumptail macaques were given daily topical applications of either 4-MA in dimethylsulfoxide or dimethylsulfoxide alone for 27 months. The three control monkeys developed varying degrees of baldness, while the three 4-MA-treated monkeys retained their juvenile pattern of hair growth. The percentage of actively growing hair follicles in the frontal scalp did not change in the 4-MA-treated group [46 +/- 6 (+/- SE) vs. 48 +/- 4], while a significant decrease occurred in the control group (63 +/- 6 vs. 25 +/- 12; P less than 0.025). Skin 5 alpha-reductase activity was reduced in the scalp of the 4-MA-treated monkeys. We conclude that topical 4-MA can prevent the development of baldness in the stumptail macaque, a primate model of androgen-dependent baldness.
mesh_terms: D000505:Alopecia / Q000517:prevention & control*; D000726:Androgen Antagonists / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D015113:Androstane-3,17-diol / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000097:blood; D000818:Animals; D001378:Azasteroids / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D042944:Cholestenone 5 alpha-Reductase; D013196:Dihydrotestosterone / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000097:blood / Q000627:therapeutic use; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D005260:Female; D006197:Hair / Q000187:drug effects / Q000254:growth & development; D008251:Macaca; D008297:Male; D010088:Oxidoreductases / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors* / Q000378:metabolism; D012867:Skin / Q000201:enzymology; D013260:Steroids, Heterocyclic / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D013739:Testosterone / Q000097:blood
chemical_list: D000726:Androgen Antagonists; D001378:Azasteroids; D013260:Steroids, Heterocyclic; D013196:Dihydrotestosterone; D015113:Androstane-3,17-diol; C028895:androstane-3,17-diol glucuronide; D013739:Testosterone; C031563:17-N,N-diethylcarbamoyl-4-methyl-4-azaandrostane-3-one; D010088:Oxidoreductases; D042944:Cholestenone 5 alpha-Reductase