Micropipette holders: vented types are preferable to closed types.
Due to the large coefficient of volume expansion of water with temperature, the use of closed micropipette holders results in significant pipette motion and pressure ejection of electrolytes or marker dyes as the temperature of the pipette goes up upon insertion in the CNS or spinal cord of warm blooded preparations.
D007478:Iontophoresis / Q000295:instrumentation*; D008845:Microinjections / Q000295:instrumentation*; D009488:Neurosciences / Q000295:instrumentation*