2,5-Hexanedione-induced immunomodulatory effect in mice.
The immunotoxic potential of 2,5-hexanedione (2,5-Hxdn), the end metabolite of n-hexane/methyl n-butyl ketone, was evaluated in a mouse model involving multiple pathomorphological, hematological, and immunological assays. Young adult male Swiss albino mice were given either single or seven consecutive oral doses of 0.2 X LD50 of 2.5-Hxdn. None of the treated mice exhibited any sign of hind limb weakness up to 1 week. On the eighth day, half the animals were sacrificed for initial pathomorphological studies of various organs and the other half were subjected to several immune function tests. The results revealed treatment-related reduction in cellularity of spleen, thymus, and mesentric lymph nodes and pathotoxicological changes. Further, immune function tests such as delayed-type hypersensitivity reaction, plaque-forming cell assay, phagocytosis by adherent peritoneal exudate cells, and resistance to endotoxin shock were considerably impaired. These results suggest that 2,5-Hxdn treatment causes profound impairment of immunity in mice even before the onset of peripheral neuropathy.
D000818:Animals; D000917:Antibody Formation / Q000187:drug effects; D001202:Ascitic Fluid / Q000166:cytology; D004906:Erythrocyte Count / Q000187:drug effects; D006588:Hexanones / Q000494:pharmacology*; D007109:Immunity / Q000187:drug effects*; D007111:Immunity, Cellular / Q000187:drug effects; D007113:Immunity, Innate / Q000187:drug effects; D007659:Ketones / Q000494:pharmacology*; D007928:Lethal Dose 50; D007958:Leukocyte Count / Q000187:drug effects; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D009929:Organ Size / Q000187:drug effects; D013950:Thymus Gland / Q000187:drug effects / Q000473:pathology
D006588:Hexanones; D007659:Ketones; C011269:2,5-hexanedione