title: Individuality and mutuality in the language of families of field-dependent and field-independent children.
abstract: The use of singular and plural first-person pronouns provided a measure of individuality and mutuality in families of 18 field-dependent and 20 field-independent children (19 boys and 19 girls). The families were observed in home and laboratory settings. Consistent with notions of a more differentiated sense of self, field-independent boys and girls used more I words; the greater social orientation of the field-dependent children was reflected in their more frequent use of we terms. Family members in the field-independent group were more varied in their use of these linguistic measures, especially in the lab. Fathers of field-independent children used more we words. These usages were discussed in terms of social control mechanisms. personal pronoun usage as indicators of separateness/connectedness in families was also discussed.
mesh_terms: D002648:Child; D002663:Child Language; D003142:Communication; D005190:Family; D005260:Female; D005364:Field Dependence-Independence; D006801:Humans; D007804:Language Development; D008297:Male; D011578:Psycholinguistics