gamma-Butyrobetaine hydroxylase and the protective role of glutathione peroxidase.
The selenoenzyme glutathione peroxidase in the presence of GSH effectively replaced catalase in the in vitro assay for gamma-butyrobetaine hydroxylase. Quantitatively, glutathione peroxidase was an order of magnitude more efficient than catalase, with maximal activity at less than 0.1 microM glutathione peroxidase in a standard reaction. Glutathione peroxidase prevented the loss of gamma-butyrobetaine hydroxylase during preliminary incubation with ferrous ions but without other substrates as well as in the course of the reaction. Regardless of whether glutathione peroxidase or catalase was present in the assay, the ascorbate concentrations needed to achieve half-maximal rates were similar (about 1 mM). Phosphate stimulated the rate of L-carnitine synthesis. Ferrous ion saturation indicated a pronounced effect of phosphate on the maximal velocity of the enzyme-catalyzed reaction, but its mechanism of action remains to be elucidated. Based on the subcellular distribution of gamma-butyrobetaine hydroxylase, catalase, and glutathione peroxidase, the role of glutathione peroxidase assumes importance. However, initial studies indicated that the assayable activity of liver gamma-butyrobetaine hydroxylase and L-carnitine concentrations in liver, blood plasma, and muscle were not significantly altered in selenium-deficient rats.
D000818:Animals; D001205:Ascorbic Acid / Q000494:pharmacology; D002374:Catalase / Q000378:metabolism; D005979:Glutathione Peroxidase / Q000378:metabolism*; D007700:Kinetics; D008099:Liver / Q000201:enzymology*; D008297:Male; D006899:Mixed Function Oxygenases / Q000097:blood / Q000378:metabolism*; D009132:Muscles / Q000201:enzymology*; D010710:Phosphates / Q000494:pharmacology; D051381:Rats; D011919:Rats, Inbred Strains; D012643:Selenium / Q000172:deficiency / Q000494:pharmacology; D050563:gamma-Butyrobetaine Dioxygenase
D010710:Phosphates; D006899:Mixed Function Oxygenases; D002374:Catalase; D005979:Glutathione Peroxidase; D050563:gamma-Butyrobetaine Dioxygenase; D012643:Selenium; D001205:Ascorbic Acid