Biomechanical model of the human shoulder--I. Elements.
In a first step of a biomechanical modelling of the human shoulder the points of application of muscle forces to the bones were determined in a dissection study on four human shoulder specimens. A kinematic description of the shoulder was presented employing bone fixed coordinate systems. Actions of the shoulder muscles were modelled as a system of forces acting along ideal strings. The shoulder complex was treated as a three rigid body twelve degrees of freedom system.
D001696:Biomechanical Phenomena; D006801:Humans; D008954:Models, Biological; D012782:Shoulder / Q000502:physiology*