title: Detection and identification of ketamine and its metabolites in horse urine.
abstract: The possibility exists that ketamine, or ketamine in combination with xylazine, is being used illicitly to affect the performance of racehorses. This study was undertaken to identify the metabolites of ketamine in the urine of adult horses and to evaluate methods for detecting and confirming ketamine administration. Detection of ketamine and two ketamine metabolites is described using thin-layer chromatography (TLC) and their identities are confirmed by comparing their mass spectra and gas chromatographic retention times with those of authentic standards.
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D005260:Female; D006736:Horses / Q000378:metabolism / Q000652:urine*; D007649:Ketamine / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000652:urine
chemical_list: C033420:5,6-dehydronorketamine; D007649:Ketamine; C033419:norketamine