title: [Drug dependence test on a cerebral insufficiency improver, aniracetam].
abstract: Aniracetam, 1-p-anisoyl-2-pyrrolidinone, is known to be a nootropic or cognitive activator. Aniracetam protects against memory and learning deficits without causing effects on motor function and the autonomic nervous system. A drug dependence study on aniracetam utilizing the intragastric route of administration was performed in male cynomolgus monkeys. The behavioral observation test after acute administration revealed that aniracetam at the dose of 25-400 mg/kg did not change the gross behavior. In the self-administration initiation test, animals were exposed to two or three unit doses of aniracetam and references for a total available period of 7 weeks. Aniracetam at the dose of 25, 50 and 75 mg/kg/injection did not initiate self-administration in the respective group of 4, 4 and 2 animals. In the study with d-methamphetamine hydrochloride at the dose of 0.1 mg/kg/injection, 1 out of 4 animals started to consistently self-administer the drug. Self-administration of cocaine hydrochloride at the dose of 10 mg/kg/injection was confirmed in 3 out of 5 animals, and these 3 animals died from overdosing later. In the physical dependence direct induction test, animals received aniracetam (50 mg/kg) and sodium pentobarbital (25 mg/kg: the dose inducing intermediate CNS depression) intragastrically twice a day for 31 consecutive days. Abrupt withdrawal of aniracetam did not elicit abstinent signs (including changes in appetite and body weight) in all 6 animals, whereas withdrawal of pentobarbital produced typical abstinent behavioral signs and decreases in appetite and body weight. In conclusion, aniracetam was confirmed to develop neither physical dependence nor psychic dependence in cynomolgus monkeys.
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001921:Brain / Q000187:drug effects; D003042:Cocaine; D004353:Drug Evaluation, Preclinical; D008252:Macaca fascicularis; D008297:Male; D008568:Memory / Q000187:drug effects; D008694:Methamphetamine; D010424:Pentobarbital; D011760:Pyrrolidinones / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000494:pharmacology; D012646:Self Administration; D013375:Substance Withdrawal Syndrome; D019966:Substance-Related Disorders
chemical_list: D011760:Pyrrolidinones; D008694:Methamphetamine; C036466:aniracetam; D010424:Pentobarbital; D003042:Cocaine