title: Fertility after intrauterine device discontinuation.
abstract: Infertility rates and outcomes of pregnancies were evaluated for 219 former IUD users who had either expelled their IUDs or had them removed for medical or personal reasons other than planned pregnancy. Six women (2.7%) were infertile. Infertility rates were highest for women who used IUDs for more than two years and for women who had expelled their IUDs. Five women (2.3%) had ectopic pregnancies. The type of IUD used (Cu-7, Dalkon Shield, Lippes Loop) was not associated with different infertility rates or outcomes of pregnancies. The study results show that prior IUD use did not appear to impair subsequent fertility or outcome of pregnancy for women who either expelled their IUDs or had them removed for reasons other than pregnancy or planned pregnancy.
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D005260:Female; D005298:Fertility; D006801:Humans; D007434:Intrauterine Devices; D011247:Pregnancy