Isolation and nephrotoxic studies of orellanine from the mushroom Cortinarius speciosissimus.
A nephrotoxic substance has been isolated from Cortinarius speciosissimus. The 1H-NMR and 13C-NMR mass spectra indicated the chemical structure to be 3,3',4,4'-tetrahydroxy-2,2'-bipyridine-N-N'-dioxide. The toxin was quantitated using reversed phase high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) with electrochemical detection. The detection limit of this method was 500 pg, corresponding to a signal-to-noise ratio of 2.5. The toxin had an LD50 in mice of approximately 20 mg/kg i.p. Light microscopic examination of the kidneys of mice surviving treatment with the toxin showed interstitial nephritis and tubular necrosis.
D015082:2,2'-Dipyridyl / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000633:toxicity*; D000363:Agaricales / Q000032:analysis*; D000818:Animals; D002851:Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; D007668:Kidney / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000473:pathology; D007683:Kidney Tubular Necrosis, Acute / Q000139:chemically induced; D008297:Male; D013058:Mass Spectrometry; D051379:Mice; D009183:Mycotoxins / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000633:toxicity*; D009395:Nephritis, Interstitial / Q000139:chemically induced; D011725:Pyridines / Q000633:toxicity*
D009183:Mycotoxins; D011725:Pyridines; C030076:orellanine; D015082:2,2'-Dipyridyl