title: Clinical application of extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy using microexplosions.
abstract: Extracorporeal stone disintegration using a chemical explosive (10 mg. lead azide) as an energy source of underwater shock waves was performed in 105 patients 11 to 72 years old who had stones in the upper urinary tract. We used a prototype disintegrator in this series. The over-all rate free of stones 3 months after treatment was 82 per cent. Shock wave therapy was performed alone in 77 patients (73 per cent), while the remainder required combined treatment with percutaneous and/or transurethral lithotripsy. The most common complications were colic pain (30 per cent) and fever (23 per cent). In 4 patients other complications, that is bacteremia, gastrointestinal bleeding, ureteral injury and subcapsular renal hematoma, were observed but they were treated conservatively with no serious adverse effects. Our study demonstrates the safe use of this method for clinical treatment.
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000767:Anesthesia, Epidural; D001386:Azides; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007669:Kidney Calculi / Q000628:therapy*; D007854:Lead; D008096:Lithotripsy / Q000379:methods*; D008297:Male; D014514:Ureteral Calculi / Q000628:therapy*
chemical_list: D001386:Azides; D007854:Lead; C037372:lead azide