title: Cadmium inhibition of Ca2+ uptake in rainbow trout gills.
abstract: The effects of cadmium (Cd2+) on calcium (Ca2+) transport in the gills of rainbow trout (Salmo gairdneri) were studied. The gill epithelium of freshwater fish represents a model for a Ca2+-transporting tight epithelium. Unidirectional Ca2+ fluxes in the gills were estimated in an isolated saline-perfused head preparation. Ca2+ influx was not affected when up to 10 microM Cd were added to the ventilatory water at the start of flux determinations (in vitro exposure). However, after 16 h in vivo preexposure of the fish to 0.1 microM Cd in the water, a 79% inhibition of Ca2+ influx was observed. Ca2+ efflux was not affected when up to 10 microM Cd were added to the ventilatory water during the flux determination. Ca2+ efflux in fish preexposed to 0.1 microM Cd for 16 h was also not affected; a preexposure to 1 microM Cd, however, resulted in a 173% increase in Ca2+ efflux rates. Tracer retention in the gill tissue indicated that both Ca2+ and Cd2+ enter the gill epithelium via a lanthanum (La3+)-inhibitable pathway. It is concluded that Cd2+ readily enters the branchial epithelial cells, similarly as Ca2+ does via La3+-sensitive apical Ca2+ channels. The inhibitory action of Cd2+ on transepithelial Ca2+ influx seems to result from an inhibition of the basolateral Ca2+ transport, occurring after a critical intracellular Cd2+ concentration has been reached.
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002104:Cadmium / Q000494:pharmacology*; D002118:Calcium / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors* / Q000378:metabolism; D005260:Female; D005880:Gills / Q000378:metabolism*; D007811:Lanthanum / Q000494:pharmacology; D008297:Male; D012487:Salmonidae / Q000378:metabolism*; D014337:Trout / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D002104:Cadmium; D007811:Lanthanum; D002118:Calcium