title: Congenital internal mammary artery-to-pulmonary artery fistulas: a case report.
abstract: A case of congenital internal mammary artery-to-pulmonary artery fistulas is reported. The patient was a 7-year-old boy in whom this condition was suspected from an abnormal shadow in the left upper lung field upon chest X-ray examination and continuous murmur. A definite diagnosis was made by selective angiography of the internal mammary artery. This condition is extremely rare. Our patient is the youngest among the 16 cases which have been reported so far in the English literature. Surgical treatment may be indicated because there is a risk of rupture of the fistula, endarteritis, and congestive heart failure.
mesh_terms: D000792:Angiography; D002648:Child; D006801:Humans; D008168:Lung / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D008297:Male; D008323:Mammary Arteries / Q000002:abnormalities* / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D011651:Pulmonary Artery / Q000002:abnormalities* / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D013902:Radiography, Thoracic; D011877:Radionuclide Imaging; D013895:Thoracic Arteries / Q000002:abnormalities*