Influence of the membrane undercoat on filipin perturbation of the red blood cell membrane.
Filipin, a polyene antibiotic, interacts with beta-hydroxy sterols such as cholesterol in most cell membranes, forming bumps and pits that are visible by electron microscopy of freeze-fracture replicas. The markedly reduced perturbability of the red blood cell (RBC) membrane, compared to other cells, has been attributed to the constraining influence of the red cell membrane skeleton, the undercoat composed of spectrin, actin, and protein 4.1. To test the influence of the membrane skeleton on filipin-induced perturbation of the RBC membrane, we studied the interaction of filipin with red cells that were inherently devoid of spectrin and RBC in which spectrin had been crosslinked or denatured. These spectrin-deficient, crosslinked, and denatured cells have a fivefold increase in the number of filipin-induced perturbations as compared to control cells, despite equivalent membrane cholesterol content. These findings confirm that the spectrin-based membrane skeleton strongly influences the organization of the membrane so as to limit perturbation by filipin:cholesterol interaction and that for membranes in which the cholesterol content is known, filipin is a useful probe for testing the avidity of spectrin-based cytoskeletal attachment.
D000818:Animals; D002784:Cholesterol / Q000097:blood; D003432:Cross-Linking Reagents; D003599:Cytoskeleton / Q000378:metabolism; D003958:Diamide / Q000494:pharmacology; D004910:Erythrocyte Membrane / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism / Q000648:ultrastructure*; D005372:Filipin / Q000097:blood / Q000494:pharmacology*; D005614:Freeze Fracturing; D006801:Humans; D051379:Mice; D008810:Mice, Inbred C57BL; D008817:Mice, Mutant Strains; D008854:Microscopy, Electron; D011090:Polyenes / Q000494:pharmacology*; D011489:Protein Denaturation; D013049:Spectrin / Q000172:deficiency / Q000502:physiology*; D013103:Spherocytosis, Hereditary / Q000097:blood
D003432:Cross-Linking Reagents; D011090:Polyenes; D003958:Diamide; D013049:Spectrin; D005372:Filipin; D002784:Cholesterol