title: A technique for apex cannulation without extracorporeal circulation.
abstract: A simple, fast, and highly reliable technique for apex cannulation without extracorporeal circulation is presented as a result of more than 30 left ventricle assist device implants performed in calves in the last 4 years at the Cleveland Clinic Foundation. Minimal bleeding and reduced risk of ventricular fibrillation, air emboli, muscle flap, and trauma to the heart have made this technique very unique and highly applicable to any investigative laboratory, as no special tools or expensive apparatus are required. The practicality of the technique is immediately applicable to the clinical level to avoid potential complications with cannula insertion.
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001243:Assisted Circulation; D006328:Cardiac Catheterization / Q000379:methods*; D002417:Cattle; D005069:Evaluation Studies as Topic; D005112:Extracorporeal Circulation; D006353:Heart-Assist Devices