title: A comparison of the teaching effectiveness of the didactic lecture and the problem-oriented small group session: a prospective study.
abstract: A prospective study was designed to assess the teaching effectiveness of active learning in problem-oriented small group sessions (POSGS) compared with passive learning in didactic lectures (DL). Third-year medical students participated in a POSGS on breast disease and a standardized DL on thyroid disease (N = 23) or participated in a POSGS on thyroid disease and a DL on breast disease (N = 19). Students were tested with a multiple-choice examination (MCQ) and a highly structured oral examination (OE) administered by faculty members blinded about student group. Results of a between-within analysis of variance performed separately for breast and thyroid disease yielded significant group differences because of instructional method for thyroid disease (p = 0.003) and approached significance for breast disease (p = 0.095). Although no significant interactions were detected with percentage scores, a significant interaction between group membership and test type was noted for thyroid disease when the percentage scores were transformed to Z scores. We conclude that regardless of topic or testing method, students in POSGS tended to perform better than students in a DL and that the POSGS offers significant advantages over the DL in teaching surgery to third-year medical students.
mesh_terms: D001941:Breast Diseases / Q000628:therapy; D004504:Education, Medical, Undergraduate; D004521:Educational Measurement; D005260:Female; D013502:General Surgery / Q000193:education; D006126:Group Processes; D006801:Humans; D011340:Problem Solving; D011446:Prospective Studies; D011897:Random Allocation; D013663:Teaching / Q000379:methods*; D013959:Thyroid Diseases / Q000628:therapy