title: Effects of theophylline and enprofylline on diaphragmatic contractility.
abstract: Experimental data suggest that theophylline (T) enhances diaphragmatic contractility by increasing the influx of calcium at the cell membrane level through an inhibition of adenosine receptors (Aubier et al., J. Appl. Physiol. 54: 460-4, 1983). Enprofylline (E) is a xanthine drug that has poor ability to antagonize physiological actions of adenosine. The aim of this study was to compare the effects on diaphragmatic contractility of T and E in order to determine whether antagonism of adenosine receptors was the underlying mechanism of the inotropic effect of T on diaphragmatic contractility. Ten normal subjects were studied in the sitting position. The contractile properties of the diaphragm were assessed by measuring the transdiaphragmatic pressure (Pdi) generated at functional residual capacity during bilateral electrical stimulation of the phrenic nerves. The subjects were randomized, and after control measurements were performed, they received T or E. This was a double-blind crossover study, the measurements being repeated with the second drug after one week. Both drugs were administered intravenously with a loading dose of 6 and 2 mg/kg administered in 30 min for T and E and a maintenance dose of 0.9 and 0.075 mg.kg-1 X h-1 for T and E, respectively. Measurements were performed before and 60 min after T or E administration. Plasmatic levels of both drugs were also analyzed. In all the subjects, therapeutic levels of T or E were reached (14.8 +/- 0.6 and 3.9 +/- 0.42 mg/l for T and E, respectively, at 30 min).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001993:Bronchodilator Agents / Q000494:pharmacology; D003964:Diaphragm / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology*; D006801:Humans; D007700:Kinetics; D008297:Male; D009119:Muscle Contraction / Q000187:drug effects*; D009132:Muscles / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology; D013806:Theophylline / Q000494:pharmacology*; D014970:Xanthines / Q000494:pharmacology*
chemical_list: D001993:Bronchodilator Agents; D014970:Xanthines; D013806:Theophylline; C034347:enprofylline