title: External approach for secondary rhinoplasty.
abstract: A systematic approach, using the external rhinoplasty technique, is presented to aid the plastic surgeon in obtaining improved aesthetic and functional results in patients with postoperative nasal deformities. In over 100 external rhinoplasties, there were no problems with the stairstep transcolumellar incision used to provide complete visualization of the underlying nasal framework. The external approach allows for a more accurate intraoperative anatomic diagnosis and subsequent complete correction of the nasal deformity. Three case reports are presented to demonstrate the indications and versatility of the external approach in secondary rhinoplasty.
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D002356:Cartilage / Q000637:transplantation; D004954:Esthetics; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D009667:Nose Deformities, Acquired / Q000209:etiology / Q000601:surgery; D011183:Postoperative Complications / Q000601:surgery; D012086:Reoperation; D012225:Rhinoplasty; D013518:Surgery, Plastic