title: Under what circumstances is the human XY bivalent tangled? A note on chromosomally-derived sterility.
abstract: A microspread, early-mid diplotene nucleus of a man with a normal karyotype and presumably normal meiosis is compared with a similar, earlier described nucleus of a man with meiotic arrest, heterozygous for a (14;21) Robertsonian translocation (Rosenmann et al., 1985). The axes of the XY bivalent of normal diplotene have an extremely tangled configuration, whereas those of the meiotically-arrested cell are straight, recalling the shape of the XY which is normally found in early pachytene. The morphological reversal from the complex configuration to a simpler shape may be associated with reactivation of the sex chromosome(s). Such a reactivation may be responsible for the sterility of the carrier of the Robertsonian translocation which thus may be considered as chromosomally-derived. The diplotene cells shown here have autosomal bivalents with continuous axes and various degrees of focal separation as is typical for diplotene in general. The observations on axis continuity, bivalent segmental dilatations, and XY tanglement in diplotene are compared with findings by others in human ultrathin sectioned material.
mesh_terms: D006801:Humans; D007248:Infertility, Male / Q000235:genetics* / Q000473:pathology; D007621:Karyotyping; D008297:Male; D008540:Meiosis; D013737:Testis / Q000473:pathology* / Q000648:ultrastructure; D014960:X Chromosome; D014998:Y Chromosome