title: Pharmacokinetics of isoxicam following intravenous, intramuscular, oral and rectal administration in healthy volunteers.
abstract: 1 The pharmacokinetic characteristics and bioavailability of isoxicam were investigated in healthy male volunteers following various routes of administration. Plasma concentrations were determined up to 96 or 120 h following each administration using a selective h.p.l.c. method. 2 Twelve subjects received an i.v. and an i.m. injection of 150 mg and an oral dose of 200 mg (two capsules) in a three-way crossover design. 3 The plasma concentration-time curves after intravenous administration followed two compartmental characteristics with a rapid initial distribution phase and a predominant terminal elimination phase. The area under the distribution phase contributed only 0.4% to the total AUC. Mean disposition parameters were: t1/2, lambda 1 = 3.3 min t1/2, lambda z = 28 h, Vc = 5.61, Vdarea = 12.71, CL = 5.1 ml min-1. 4 Following other routes of administration, the isoxicam plasma profile could be adequately described by a one compartment model. 5 After the i.m. dose, isoxicam was rapidly and completely absorbed: within 15 min 40% of the peak concentrations were attained. Maximum plasma concentrations of 11.7 micrograms ml-1 were reached after an average of 3 h. 6 After oral administration isoxicam was completely bioavailable. Mean peak concentrations of 12.3 micrograms ml-1 were obtained within 10 h. 7 The bioavailability of suppositories containing 200 mg of active substance was investigated in another 10 volunteers relative to capsules (2 X 100 mg). The formulations tested were bioequivalent with respect to the amount absorbed. 8 Comparison of AUCs (normalized for dose and body weight) resulting from all treatments, did not show significant differences among the various formulations.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
mesh_terms: D000284:Administration, Oral; D000285:Administration, Rectal; D000328:Adult; D000894:Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000097:blood; D001682:Biological Availability; D006207:Half-Life; D006801:Humans; D007273:Injections, Intramuscular; D007275:Injections, Intravenous; D007408:Intestinal Absorption; D007700:Kinetics; D008297:Male; D010894:Piroxicam / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000097:blood; D011897:Random Allocation
chemical_list: D000894:Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal; D010894:Piroxicam; C013580:isoxicam