title: Posteroanterior wrist radiography: importance of arm positioning.
abstract: Proper interpretation of wrist radiography requires a standardized radiographic technique. We obtained posteroanterior (PA) radiographs of the wrist in nine patients in three different arm positions to study the effect of arm position on ulnar styloid process orientation. An appearance simulating a normal anteroposterior (AP) wrist radiograph was present in six of nine PA radiographs when the arm was positioned next to the trunk, and the elbow was flexed to a 90% angle. The orientation of the ulnar styloid was not helpful in differentiating either pronated from supinated wrist positions or AP from PA projections. We concluded that radiographic screening of the carpus should be performed with standardized wrist positioning and nomenclature as described in modern radiographic technological texts. Supplemental projections should be exposed and interpreted with an understanding of the position of the arm and the direction of the incident radiographic beam at the time of examination.
mesh_terms: D001132:Arm; D001175:Arthrography / Q000379:methods; D002348:Carpal Bones / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D006801:Humans; D011187:Posture; D014953:Wrist / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D014955:Wrist Joint / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*