title: The investigation and management of torsion preventing fusion in bilateral superior oblique palsies.
abstract: Fifteen patients with bilateral superior oblique palsy were studied with respect to the influence of torsion on fusion with amplitudes. The Clement Clarke synoptophore was used to record torsion and examine fusion. Nine patients needed the correction of torsion preoperatively to fuse in the primary position. Three patients had central fusion disruption. Torsion in excess of 10 degrees or bilateral excyclotorsion were present in most patients who required torsion correction for fusion with amplitudes. All patients had surgery. The effects, at least three months after surgery, are discussed. Some residual excyclotorsion remained in most cases and appears to be compatible with a good fusional result and an average field of single binocular vision of 30 degrees.
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D002648:Child; D003290:Convergence, Ocular; D005131:Eye Injuries / Q000150:complications*; D005133:Eye Movements; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009886:Ophthalmoplegia / Q000150:complications / Q000503:physiopathology* / Q000601:surgery; D013285:Strabismus / Q000209:etiology / Q000503:physiopathology; D014102:Torsion Abnormality