title: Health codes for newborn care.
abstract: A survey was conducted of the health departments in each of the 50 states, Washington, DC, and the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico to determine the present legal mandates for newborn care. Each of the 52 health departments were queried regarding birth certificates, identification procedures, prophylactic eye care, umbilical cord care, use of vitamin K, Apgar scoring, and metabolic screening. In each category, the departments were asked whether the procedures were mandatory or optional. Birth certificates are uniformly required within the health codes of all states. Although in-hospital identification of newborns is required in most states, four states specifically require arm banding, and only New York State requires footprinting. Eye prophylaxis with silver nitrate is required in 49 states, with erythromycin or tetracycline allowed as topical alternatives in 42 states. Clamping of the umbilical cord is addressed by eight states. Parenteral vitamin K administration is mandated by only five states. Apgar scoring is addressed by 25 states. Newborn metabolic screening is available in every health department, although significant variations exist in the tests available.
mesh_terms: D001034:Apgar Score; D003675:Defensive Medicine; D006305:Health Status Indicators; D006306:Health Surveys; D006801:Humans; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D007232:Infant, Newborn, Diseases / Q000517:prevention & control*; D008403:Mass Screening; D008659:Metabolic Diseases / Q000517:prevention & control; D009359:Neonatology / Q000592:standards*; D010355:Patient Identification Systems; D011787:Quality of Health Care / Q000331:legislation & jurisprudence*; D014481:United States