title: Incorporation of strontium into the calcium carbonate crystals of the endolymphatic sac in the tree frog (Hyla arborea japonica).
abstract: Tree frogs were loaded with strontium chloride (SrCl2). The incorporation of strontium metal into the calcium carbonate (CaCO3) crystals located both in the inner ear and in the endolymphatic sac was studied by x-ray microanalysis (XMA) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). In the inner ear, strontium was not recognized except for traces in a few crystals. When observed by SEM, these crystals had a faceted body and two pointed ends with rather smooth surfaces. However, in the endolymphatic sac, which greatly expands into the spinal canal, strontium was clearly present at every surface of all crystals. Careful examinations by point and line XMA revealed that strontium x-ray counts were highest at the pointed ends and decreased sharply and then gradually toward the equator of the crystals. SEM observations revealed that the crystals in the endolymphatic sac always had rough and irregular surfaces regardless of their shapes and sizes. Calcium was always found in crystals of both organs. Except for calcium and strontium, other elements including sodium and heavier elements were negligible in XMA. These findings suggest that strontium is incorporated into the crystals only in the endolymphatic sac, and the rough-surfaced covering of these crystals reflects newly deposited strontium salt. It seems to indicate that these crystals grow predominantly by accretion.
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002119:Calcium Carbonate / Q000032:analysis / Q000378:metabolism*; D003461:Crystallography; D007758:Ear, Inner / Q000378:metabolism*; D004712:Endolymphatic Sac / Q000378:metabolism*; D008855:Microscopy, Electron, Scanning; D011898:Ranidae / Q000378:metabolism*; D013324:Strontium / Q000032:analysis / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D002119:Calcium Carbonate; D013324:Strontium