title: Is the binding of magnesium (II) to calmodulin significant? An investigation by magnesium-25 nuclear magnetic resonance.
abstract: Previous reports on the interaction between calmodulin (CaM) and Mg2+ range from no binding to a binding constant of 10(4) M-1 [for a summary, see Cox, J. A., Comte, M., Malnoe, A., Berger, D., & Stein, E. A. (1984) Met. Ions Biol. Syst. 17, 215-273]. In order to resolve the controversy, we used 25Mg NMR to study the binding of Mg2+ to apo-CaM, CaM.Ca2(2)+ (in which sites III and IV are occupied by Ca2+), CaM.La2(3)+ (in which sites I and II are occupied by La3+), and the two tryptic fragments of calmodulin, TR1C (containing sites I and II of CaM) and TR2C (containing sites III and IV of CaM). In each system, a "titration set" and a "temperature set" were obtained, and the spectral data were analyzed by total band-shape analysis to calculate the association constant (Ka) and off-rate (koff). As in the case of Ca2+ binding, sites I and II and sites III and IV were treated as two sets of equivalent sites, and a Ca2+/Mg2+ competition experiment suggested that Mg2+ competes with Ca2+ for the same sites. For both CaM.Ca2(2)+ and TR1C, moderately large Ka (2000 and 3500 M-1, respectively) and moderate off-rates (koff = 2300 and 3000 s-1, respectively, at 25 degrees C) were observed. For both CaM.La2(3)+ and TR2C, binding of Mg2+ was weaker by a factor of ca. 10 (Ka = 300 and 200 M-1, respectively) while the off-rates were also moderate (koff = 3500 and 2200 s-1, respectively).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001665:Binding Sites; D002147:Calmodulin / Q000378:metabolism*; D002417:Cattle; D007700:Kinetics; D008274:Magnesium / Q000378:metabolism*; D009682:Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy / Q000379:methods; D008297:Male; D010446:Peptide Fragments / Q000378:metabolism; D011485:Protein Binding; D013737:Testis / Q000378:metabolism; D013816:Thermodynamics
chemical_list: D002147:Calmodulin; D010446:Peptide Fragments; D008274:Magnesium