title: The use of frozen intravenous crystalloid solutions as the refrigerant for shipping blood.
abstract: The authors studied whether cooled sterile intravenous crystalloid solutions could be used to refrigerate red cells during shipment. Six 1000-ml bags of 0.9 percent normal saline and lactated Ringers (RL) solutions were supercooled and tested separately at temperatures ranging from 1 to -78 degrees C, with either 5 or 30 units of packed red cells (PRBCs). The PRBCs were shipped in a standard military container that permitted separation of the supercooled solutions from the PRBCs. Cooling RL solutions to 6 degrees C and to -22 degrees C maintained acceptable storage temperatures of the PRBC for 36 and 50 hours, respectively, and did not cause visible damage to the units. No significant changes were observed in various biochemical measurements of the cells and plasma. Cooling the RL solution to -78 degrees C caused a significant (p less than 0.05) increase in plasma potassium concentration. The effectiveness of the crystalloid solutions in refrigerating blood varied with the ratio of the number of PRBCs to the volume of cooled solutions and with the ambient temperature surrounding the container. The results of this study suggest that cooled intravenous crystalloid solutions can be used as refrigerants for PRBCs during shipment.
mesh_terms: D001793:Blood Preservation; D000077324:Crystalloid Solutions; D005069:Evaluation Studies as Topic; D006801:Humans; D007552:Isotonic Solutions; D010952:Plasma Substitutes; D012034:Refrigeration; D012996:Solutions; D013696:Temperature; D014186:Transportation
chemical_list: D000077324:Crystalloid Solutions; D007552:Isotonic Solutions; D010952:Plasma Substitutes; D012996:Solutions