title: Angular dependence of shallow dose from energetic electrons.
abstract: A definite angular dependence of shallow dose from energetic electrons was observed when measuring the angular response of several detectors. This angular dependence of dose appeared to be fundamental, not a detector artifact. The theoretical response of a detector is discussed and compared to measurements of shallow dose with tissue and phantom response detectors. The energy-dependent angular response of the dose observed could not be explained by simple trigonometric arguments. The response, which is backscatter-dependent, must be considered in detector design and dose measurements. It is not possible for standard detectors to follow this response.
mesh_terms: D001610:Beta Particles; D005720:Gamma Rays; D008961:Models, Structural; D011874:Radiometry / Q000295:instrumentation*; D012588:Scintillation Counting; D013329:Structure-Activity Relationship