Sclerosing agents in the treatment of telangiectasia. Comparison of the clinical and histologic effects of intravascular polidocanol, sodium tetradecyl sulfate, and hypertonic saline in the dorsal rabbit ear vein model.
A 0.25-mL quantity of 0.25%, 0.5%, and 1.0% polidocanol (Aethoxysclerol [France]), 0.5% sodium tetradecyl sulfate (Sotradecol injection), and 23.4% hypertonic saline was injected into the dorsal marginal rabbit ear vein; clinical and histologic thrombosis resulted that lasted between four and eight days. The lowest concentration of polidocanol (0.25%) demonstrated immediate thrombosis; however, no clinical or histologic changes occurred eight days after injection. With all other agents, histologic fibrosis of the vessel correlating with clinical disappearance occurred after eight days. However, 0.5% polidocanol and sodium tetradecyl sulfate developed recanalization through the initially sclerosed vessel between eight and 14 days, with clinical reappearance of the 0.5% polidocanol-injected vessel at 30 days, after injection. Cutaneous necrosis was noted clinically and histologically in three of ten vessels injected with 1.0% polidocanol and in two of ten vessels injected with hypertonic saline. Clinical and histologic evidence of necrosis occurred with and without extravasation of the sclerosants.
D000818:Animals; D004423:Ear / Q000098:blood supply; D005233:Fatty Alcohols / Q000494:pharmacology*; D007275:Injections, Intravenous; D009336:Necrosis; D000077423:Polidocanol; D011092:Polyethylene Glycols / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology*; D011817:Rabbits; D012462:Saline Solution, Hypertonic / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology*; D012965:Sodium Chloride / Q000494:pharmacology*; D012981:Sodium Tetradecyl Sulfate / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology*; D013684:Telangiectasis / Q000628:therapy*; D014680:Veins / Q000187:drug effects / Q000473:pathology
D005233:Fatty Alcohols; D012462:Saline Solution, Hypertonic; D000077423:Polidocanol; D011092:Polyethylene Glycols; D012965:Sodium Chloride; D012981:Sodium Tetradecyl Sulfate