title: Comparative analgesia of xylazine, xylazine/morphine, xylazine/butorphanol, and xylazine/nalbuphine in the horse, using dental dolorimetry.
abstract: Xylazine, morphine, butorphanol, and nalbuphine were evaluated in 5 adult male horses, using dental dolorimetry. Comparisons were made at 30, 60, and 100 minutes after IV drug administration. Peak analgesia and the time to develop peak analgesia also were compared. Xylazine induced a marked increase in the tooth pulp pain threshold measurements as did the xylazine/narcotic combinations. Statistical differences were not detectable between these treatments. Xylazine and xylazine/butorphanol were better analgesics than was butorphanol alone at 30 and 60 minutes. Xylazine resulted in peak analgesia faster than did butorphanol or the combination of xylazine/butorphanol. Additive analgesic effects were not detected with the combined treatments.
mesh_terms: D000700:Analgesics / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D000818:Animals; D002077:Butorphanol / Q000627:therapeutic use; D003782:Dental Pulp / Q000502:physiology*; D004359:Drug Therapy, Combination; D004567:Electrodes, Implanted / Q000662:veterinary; D006736:Horses / Q000502:physiology*; D008297:Male; D009020:Morphine / Q000627:therapeutic use; D009266:Nalbuphine / Q000627:therapeutic use; D010147:Pain Measurement / Q000379:methods / Q000662:veterinary*; D013843:Thiazines / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D014991:Xylazine / Q000627:therapeutic use*
chemical_list: D000700:Analgesics; D013843:Thiazines; D014991:Xylazine; D009020:Morphine; D009266:Nalbuphine; D002077:Butorphanol