title: Motor neuronal function in old Aplysia is improved by long-term stimulation of the siphon/gill reflex.
abstract: As Aplysia age, motor neuronal (L7) elicited gill-pinnule contractions are significantly decreased, as is transmission at pinnule junctions. To determine whether this reduced function of L7 with increased age could be altered, the siphon/gill reflex, which involves the L7-pinnule pathway, was stimulated regularly in unrestrained old animals. Aplysia, more than 240 days old, were assigned randomly into trained and untrained groups. For more than 3 weeks, a 1-s, 25-g water jet stimulus was administered to the siphon of the trained animals 10 times per day at 20-min intervals. The duration of siphon withdrawal increased significantly during training. In semi-intact preparations, pinnule contractions and junctional transmissions were then measured during 3-s depolarized pulses to L7 (frequency range = 1-44 per 3-s interval). The trained animals had (a) significantly higher pinnule contractions, (b) a significantly greater increase in pinnule contractions elicited by increasing L7 spike rates, (c) significantly higher double-spike facilitation, and (d) significantly higher facilitation per spike across the four spike trains below or at pinnule contraction threshold. Long-term stimulation of the siphon/gill reflex in old Aplysia did not produce the same functional efficiency observed in mature Aplysia; nevertheless, the significant training-induced increases in both pinnule contraction and junction transmission indicate that a considerable level of plasticity still exists in an aging nervous system. Whether this long-term training of Aplysia retards the same processes responsible for the age-related decline in neuromuscular transmission or produces a compensatory change in other neuronal processes is discussed.
mesh_terms: D000375:Aging / Q000502:physiology*; D000818:Animals; D001048:Aplysia; D005880:Gills / Q000294:innervation*; D006185:Habituation, Psychophysiologic / Q000502:physiology; D009046:Motor Neurons / Q000502:physiology*; D009119:Muscle Contraction; D009132:Muscles / Q000294:innervation; D009469:Neuromuscular Junction / Q000502:physiology; D010812:Physical Stimulation; D011930:Reaction Time / Q000502:physiology; D012018:Reflex / Q000502:physiology*