title: Continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion in an obese insulin-resistant pregnant woman with type II diabetes: accelerated fetal growth and neonatal complications.
abstract: This is the first report to describe prolonged continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion in a massively obese insulin-resistant pregnant woman with type II diabetes. Maternal 24-hour plasma glucose levels became normal by 48 hours, and normoglycemia was maintained with high daily doses of insulin (530 U-333 U/24 hours) from 29 weeks' gestation until delivery at 38.5 weeks. Excellent diabetic control was associated with euglycemia, normal glycosylated hemoglobin concentration, and a significant decrease in mean 24-hour plasma C-peptide (P less than .004) and glucagon (P less than .003) levels. Unexpectedly, fetal growth accelerated during constant insulin infusion despite normal maternal plasma glucose levels. The newborn infant was large (4530 g), with a striking truncal accumulation of fat, hypoglycemia (30-minute plasma glucose 11 mg/dL), and polycythemia (central venous hematocrit 71%). Normalization of maternal plasma glucose levels failed to ameliorate established macrosomia, and did not prevent the neonatal complications that are common in infants of diabetic mothers.
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D048909:Diabetes Complications; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000188:drug therapy*; D005314:Embryonic and Fetal Development / Q000187:drug effects; D005260:Female; D005320:Fetal Macrosomia / Q000209:etiology*; D006801:Humans; D007003:Hypoglycemia / Q000209:etiology*; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D007332:Insulin Infusion Systems; D007333:Insulin Resistance; D009765:Obesity; D011247:Pregnancy; D011254:Pregnancy in Diabetics / Q000188:drug therapy*