title: Quadrivalvular rheumatic heart disease.
abstract: Three cases of chronic rheumatic heart disease with involvement of all four valves are presented. The involvement of tricuspid and pulmonary valves was suspected clinically and was confirmed by two-dimensional echo, Doppler, hemodynamic and angiographic findings. These findings were also verified surgically and histopathologically in 2 cases. One of the cases died after cardiac catheterization; the other 2 cases were treated surgically with success.
authors: Department of Cardiology and Cardiovascular Surgery, Southern Railway Hd. Qrs. Hospital, Ayanavaram, Madras, India.
authors: S K
authors: SK
authors: Gupta
authors: A K
authors: AK
authors: Abraham
authors: G K
authors: GK
authors: Mani
authors: K M
authors: KM
authors: Cherian
authors: J S
authors: JS
authors: Moorthy
authors: K
authors: K
authors: Bhaskaran
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000790:Angiocardiography; D006328:Cardiac Catheterization; D004452:Echocardiography; D004562:Electrocardiography; D005260:Female; D006349:Heart Valve Diseases / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000209:etiology*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D012214:Rheumatic Heart Disease / Q000175:diagnosis*