[A study of eustachian tube function in fishermen (oikomi-gyohoh) divers].
The intranasal pressure at the opening of the auditory tube was compared by Valsalva's method with that of normal adults under atmospheric pressure to find the auditory tubal function of divers often exposed to hyperbaric conditions. It was found that the mean auditory tube opening pressure was higher in professional divers than in normal adults who had never been exposed to hyperbaric pressure. There are two ways of accommodating human auditory tubal ventilation: active opening and passive opening--the former is predominant in adults, the latter in children. The function of professional divers resembles the child type. This finding suggested that they were frequently exposed to a hyperbaric environment, and their auditory tube might not be opened and closed with each swallowing movement under atmospheric pressure, or the auditory tube and the middle ear themselves have been changed into a condition whereby they no longer needed the opening with each swallowing movement might under atmospheric pressure. Moreover, divers take various postures while they are diving, and in rapid dive, they often take a head-down posture. It was obvious that the auditory tube opens less readily in the head-down position. This phenomenon appears to represent the effect of hydrostatic venous pressure in water.
Shibayama
M
M
Department of Public Health, Tokyo Medical and Dental University School of Medicine.
Mano
Y
Y
Okubo
J
J
D000328:Adult; D001274:Atmospheric Pressure; D001469:Barotrauma / Q000503:physiopathology*; D003679:Deglutition; D004242:Diving / Q000009:adverse effects*; D005064:Eustachian Tube / Q000503:physiopathology*; D005398:Fisheries; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011187:Posture; D014636:Valsalva Maneuver