title: A low molecular weight protein with antimicrobial activity in the cutaneous 'venom' of the yellow-bellied toad (Bombina variegata pachypus).
abstract: The cutaneous 'venom' was collected from dorsal skin fragments of the yellow-bellied toad Bombina variegata pachypus by means of stimulation with noradrenaline. Light and electron microscope observations gave evidence that the 'venom' corresponds to the secretory products of both serous gland types (i.e. with small or large granules) characteristic of this genus, which had discharged their contents upon stimulation. The serous 'venom', when tested for antimicrobial activity, inhibited the growth of several bacterial strains. Heat treatment, dialysis, protease digestion and SDS-PAGE electrophoresis showed that the antimicrobial activity was thermostable and associated with a low molecular weight protein. This protein was purified and homogeneity determined by CM-cellulose chromatography and SDS-PAGE electrophoresis. The purified protein has a molecular weight of 6700, displays antibacterial properties and appears different from the antimicrobially active peptides previously isolated from the 'venom' of the toad.
authors: Dipartimento di Biologia animale e Genetica, Università degli Studi di Firenze, Italy.
authors: C
authors: C
authors: Barberio
authors: G
authors: G
authors: Delfino
authors: G
authors: G
authors: Mastromei
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000890:Anti-Infective Agents / Q000494:pharmacology*; D001001:Anura / Q000378:metabolism*; D004591:Electrophoresis, Polyacrylamide Gel; D005088:Exocrine Glands / Q000648:ultrastructure; D005260:Female; D008297:Male; D008970:Molecular Weight; D009638:Norepinephrine / Q000494:pharmacology; D011506:Proteins / Q000032:analysis / Q000633:toxicity; D014688:Venoms / Q000032:analysis / Q000633:toxicity*
chemical_list: D000890:Anti-Infective Agents; D011506:Proteins; D014688:Venoms; D009638:Norepinephrine