title: Radiographic examination of the facial, nasal and paranasal sinus regions of the horse: I. Indications and procedures in 235 cases.
abstract: The radiographic procedures used for examination of the facial area and paranasal sinuses of 235 horses are reported. Clinical indications for these examinations and the diagnoses made are reviewed. Unilateral nasal discharge was the commonest reason for radiography, accounting for about one third of cases, most of which had radiological signs of paranasal sinus disease recognisable on erect lateral films. Oblique projections were required to obtain further information about the maxillary dental arcades and ventro-dorsal views demonstrated sinus expansion and extension of disease into the nasal cavity. In 24 horses with bilateral nasal discharge, the origin was usually shown to be in the lower respiratory tract and radiographic abnormalities were found in only 20 per cent of cases. Facial swelling was a feature of 25 per cent of cases; the commonest causes were premolar periapical disease, best shown on oblique views with the patient recumbent, and suture periostitis, easily demonstrated on erect lateral films. Other causes of facial swelling, which required multiple radiographic projections for evaluation, were sinus cysts and tumours and peripheral soft tissue masses. Epistaxis for which no cause could be found in the lower respiratory tract was the indication for radiography in a further 10 per cent of cases. In almost half of these a radiopaque shadow representing an ethmoid haematoma could be seen on an erect lateral film. A sinus cyst and a tumour were also recorded but most other causes of epistaxis failed to produce radiographic signs.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
authors: Department of Surgery, University of Bristol School of Veterinary Science, Langford.
authors: J G
authors: JG
authors: Lane
authors: C
authors: C
authors: Gibbs
authors: S E
authors: SE
authors: Meynink
authors: F C
authors: FC
authors: Steele
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D005145:Face / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D005260:Female; D006734:Horse Diseases / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D006736:Horses; D008297:Male; D009666:Nose / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D010256:Paranasal Sinuses / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D011859:Radiography; D012189:Retrospective Studies