[Fundamental study of amikacin in the newborn].
Amikacin (AMK) is one of the aminoglycoside antibiotics, derived from kanamycin A. It has a broad spectrum against Gram-negative rods but its usefulness is mainly in the efficacy against Gram-negative rods which do not respond to commonly used kanamycin and gentamicin. The efficacy and the safety of AMK have been confirmed in children and mature babies. In the trial reported here, we evaluated AMK in newborn. 1. AMK was administered to 13 mature and 8 premature babies via intramuscular injection or intravenous drip infusion for 30 minutes or 1 hour and its blood concentrations were determined. These administrations resulted in blood concentrations 4.47-9.67 mcg/ml with dosage levels 2.3 mg/kg (mean 6.92 +/- 1.66 mcg/ml), 5.86-26.1 mcg/ml with 5-6 mg/kg (mean 15.4 +/- 4.63 mcg/ml) and 27.5-37.7 mcg/ml with 7.5 mg/kg (mean 31.0 +/- 4.76 mcg/ml). Blood half-lives were 1.88 to 9.66 hours, showing longer half-lives in younger subjects. 2. Exchange transfusion (150-180 ml/kg) was performed in 5 mature babies and the variation of blood concentrations of AMK was studied. The study showed that blood concentrations of AMK after the exchange transfusion were 25.6-41.5% (mean 32.3 +/- 5.4%) of the levels detected before the transfusion.
Hashira
S
S
Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, Teikyo University.
Koike
Y
Y
Fujii
R
R
D000583:Amikacin / Q000097:blood* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D001424:Bacterial Infections / Q000188:drug therapy; D005078:Exchange Transfusion, Whole Blood; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D008297:Male
D000583:Amikacin