title: Adriamycin resistance in human tumor cells associated with marked alteration in the regulation of the hexose monophosphate shunt and its response to oxidant stress.
abstract: We found that Adriamycin increased the pentose phosphate shunt activity in both Adriamycin-sensitive (WT) and Adriamycin-resistant (ADRR) human breast cancer MCF-7 cells. In contrast, hydrogen peroxide and cumene hydroperoxide markedly stimulated pentose-shunt activity in ADRR but only moderately increased the activity in WT cells. Furthermore, the altered oxidation-reduction regulation is associated with changes intrinsic to the key enzymes of the pentose-shunt pathway, glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase, and 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase and with glutathione peroxidase. We found the Vmax values for glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase and 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase were 50- and 4-fold lower, respectively, in ADRR than WT cells and the Kms of NADP+ were 10-fold lower in ADRR than WT. The activity of glutathione reductase in ADRR is 42% of that in WT. In spite of these changes, the response of the cells to both hydrogen peroxide and organic peroxide is not limited by either the capacity of the pentose shunt or glutathione reductase, but is determined by the activity of glutathione peroxidase and a glutathione transferase which possess peroxidase activity. The kinetic properties of the glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase in ADRR may, however, seriously limit the activity of cytochrome P-450 reductase, a major enzyme of Adriamycin conversion to a free radical.
authors: Clinical Pharmacology Branch, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland 20892.
authors: G C
authors: GC
authors: Yeh
authors: S J
authors: SJ
authors: Occhipinti
authors: K H
authors: KH
authors: Cowan
authors: B A
authors: BA
authors: Chabner
authors: C E
authors: CE
authors: Myers
mesh_terms: D001555:Benzene Derivatives / Q000494:pharmacology*; D001943:Breast Neoplasms; D002460:Cell Line; D004317:Doxorubicin / Q000494:pharmacology*; D004351:Drug Resistance; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D006861:Hydrogen Peroxide / Q000494:pharmacology*; D007700:Kinetics; D008751:Methylene Blue / Q000494:pharmacology; D010427:Pentose Phosphate Pathway / Q000187:drug effects*
chemical_list: D001555:Benzene Derivatives; D004317:Doxorubicin; D006861:Hydrogen Peroxide; C007164:cumene hydroperoxide; D008751:Methylene Blue