title: Comparison of the analgesic efficacy and safety oral ciramadol, codeine, and placebo in patients with chronic cancer pain.
abstract: Ciramadol is a new opioid agonist-antagonist analgesic with low potential for dependency. Forty-three patients with moderate to severe chronic pain from primary or metastatic malignancy of the bone or major organs were enrolled in a randomized double-blind study that compared orally administered ciramadol (30 mg or 90 mg) to codeine (60 mg) and placebo. A single-dose, four-way crossover design, with a randomized Latin-square treatment sequence, was used. Data for 40 patients who received the above four study medications were included in the final statistical analysis of efficacy. Analgesic efficacy was measured at 0, 0.5, 1.0, 2.0, 3.0, 4.0, 5.0, and 6.0 hours, using standard visual and verbal pain relief and pain intensity scales. All active therapies provided greater pain relief than placebo (P less than .05). Ciramadol 30 mg and codeine 60 mg demonstrated equal analgesic activity, whereas ciramadol 90 mg was superior to both therapies. The predominant adverse experiences associated with ciramadol were nausea and drowsiness, which were apparently not dose related. Ciramadol appears to be an effective analgesic at the doses tested, with tolerable gastrointestinal central nervous system side effects at both the 30-and 90-mg dose levels.
authors: Department of Pharmacology, Jefferson Medical College, Philadelphia.
authors: J E
authors: JE
authors: Stambaugh
authors: J
authors: J
authors: McAdams
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000700:Analgesics / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D001596:Benzylamines / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D002908:Chronic Disease; D003061:Codeine / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009369:Neoplasms / Q000503:physiopathology; D010148:Intractable Pain / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000209:etiology
chemical_list: D000700:Analgesics; D001596:Benzylamines; C018273:ciramadol; D003061:Codeine