title: Lithium: long-term effects on the kidney--II. Structural changes.
abstract: Forty-six patients treated with lithium for an average of 8 yr participated in a follow-up study involving a kidney biopsy. The results were compared with renal biopsy specimens from an age-matched group of controls never treated with lithium. The average number of totally scelerotic glomeruli and atrophic tubuli was higher in lithium-treated patients. The histopathological changes showed significant correlations with lithium dosage schedule. Both the proportions of sclerotic glomeruli, atrophic tubuli and focally distributed interstitial fibrosis were higher in patients receiving their lithium two or three times a day than when lithium was given in a single daily dose.
authors: Department of Psychiatry, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark.
authors: O
authors: O
authors: Hetmar
authors: C
authors: C
authors: Brun
authors: L
authors: L
authors: Clemmesen
authors: J
authors: J
authors: Ladefoged
authors: S
authors: S
authors: Larsen
authors: O J
authors: OJ
authors: Rafaelsen
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001284:Atrophy; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D005260:Female; D005355:Fibrosis; D006801:Humans; D007668:Kidney / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000473:pathology; D007678:Kidney Glomerulus / Q000187:drug effects; D007684:Kidney Tubules / Q000187:drug effects; D008094:Lithium / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012598:Sclerosis
chemical_list: D008094:Lithium