title: Spinal anesthesia with hyperbaric lidocaine and bupivacaine: effects of epinephrine on the plasma concentration profiles.
abstract: The effects of epinephrine on the plasma concentration profiles and some derived pharmacokinetic parameters were studied after subarachnoid injection of hyperbaric lidocaine and bupivacaine solutions. Addition of epinephrine to the local anesthetic solution reduced the mean peak plasma concentration of lidocaine from 526 to 376 ng/ml, but did not significantly reduce the mean peak plasma concentration of bupivacaine (70 vs 56 ng/ml). Epinephrine did not affect the times at which the peak concentrations were reached, the terminal half-lives, or the total plasma clearances. The observed effects of epinephrine on the peak plasma concentrations are consistent with the vascular activity of lidocaine and bupivacaine, respectively.
authors: Department of Anesthesiology, University Hospital, Leiden, The Netherlands.
authors: A G
authors: AG
authors: Burm
authors: J W
authors: JW
authors: van Kleef
authors: M P
authors: MP
authors: Gladines
authors: M
authors: M
authors: van Duinen
authors: J
authors: J
authors: Spierdijk
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000762:Anesthesia Recovery Period; D000775:Anesthesia, Spinal; D002045:Bupivacaine / Q000097:blood*; D004837:Epinephrine / Q000494:pharmacology*; D005260:Female; D006207:Half-Life; D006801:Humans; D008012:Lidocaine / Q000097:blood*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D008012:Lidocaine; D002045:Bupivacaine; D004837:Epinephrine