The efficiency of energy utilization in growing cattle consuming fresh perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne cv. Melle) or white clover (Trifolium repens cv. Blanca).
1. Twenty Friesian steers (225 kg live weight) were fed on mid- (M) (June-July) and late- (L) (August-September) season crops of either fresh perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne cv. Melle) (G) or white clover (Trifolium repens cv. Blanca) (C). Each of the forage diets was offered at three restricted planes of nutrition above maintenance to compare the effect of forage species on the efficiency of energy utilization. All diets were harvested daily from swards of regrowth forage of intended equivalent digestibility. 2. Faecal and urine excretions were measured for 7 and 5 d respectively, followed by two consecutive 24 h measurements of methane, carbon dioxide and oxygen exchange in open-circuit respiration chambers. 3. The apparent digestibility of the energy in perennial ryegrass (0.759) was marginally higher (P less than 0.01) than that in white clover (0.748); the mid- and late-season forages were of similar (P greater than 0.05) digestibilities. Metabolizable energy (ME): digestible energy (DE) in diet G (0.837) was significantly (P less than 0.001) different from that in diet C (0.812). The partition of energy losses when expressed as MJ/GJ gross energy intake (GEI) indicated that energy lost as methane was not significantly different (P greater than 0.05) either between forages (G 62.8, C 63.4) or between seasons (M 63.2, L 63.1). Energy excretion in urine was higher for cattle fed on diet C (77.5) compared with diet G (60.5) (P less than 0.001). Heat production was similar (P greater than 0.05) between forages (G 480, C 478), but lower (P less than 0.01) for L (471) compared with M(486). Energy retention (by difference) was lower (P less than 0.001) for diet C (132) than G (156) and for M (138) than L (149) (P less than 0.05). 4. Parallel-line analysis of unscaled ME intake (MEI) in relation to retained energy (RE; MJ/d) indicated that the efficiency of utilization (kt) was similar (P greater than 0.05) between perennial ryegrass (0.42) and white clover (0.46). Linear extrapolation of the values to zero energy retention indicated that maintenance requirements of ME (Em; MJ/d) were 23.3 for diet G and 28.8 for diet C. The extrapolated Em when expressed in relation to a measured fasting heat production (FHP) of 22.8 (MJ/d) resulted in a derived efficiency of utilization of ME for maintenance (km) of 0.97 (G) and 0.79 (C), suggesting an underestimate of Em for diet G.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
Cammell
S B
SB
Grassland Research Institute, Hurley, Near Maidenhead, Berkshire.
Thomson
D J
DJ
Beever
D E
DE
Haines
M J
MJ
Dhanoa
M S
MS
Spooner
M C
MC
D000818:Animals; D000831:Animals, Newborn / Q000254:growth & development / Q000378:metabolism; D002417:Cattle / Q000254:growth & development / Q000378:metabolism*; D004032:Diet; D004063:Digestion; D004231:Diuresis; D004734:Energy Metabolism; D005243:Feces; D019684:Magnoliopsida; D008297:Male; D008954:Models, Biological; D009753:Nutritive Value; D006109:Poaceae