Diastolic 'locking' of the mitral valve: possible importance of diastolic myocardial properties.
The effects of pharmacologically induced changes in myocardial properties on diastolic mitral valve mechanics were studied in five open-chest dogs. After the induction of complete atrioventricular block, the dogs were subjected to a protocol of programmed pacing. During prolonged diastolic pauses, programmed atrial contractions were induced at progressively increasing coupling intervals. Echocardiographically determined mitral valve reopening time was established for each coupling interval in the control state as well as under the influence of calcium or verapamil. Compared with control, calcium caused an increase in myocardial tension from 23.8 +/- 3.0 to 30.0 +/- 4.6 g/cm2 (mean +/- SD, p less than .005) as well as an increase in mean septal contraction and relaxation velocities from 142 +/- 25.9 and 144 +/- 15.2 mm/sec to 188 +/- 21.7 and 174 +/- 19.5 mm/sec, respectively (each p less than .001). Conversely, verapamil caused a decrease in mean myocardial tension from 23.8 +/- 3.0 to 19.4 +/- 5.3 g/cm2 (p less than .001) and in mean septal contraction and relaxation velocities from 142 +/- 25.9 and 144 +/- 15.2 mm/sec to 112 +/- 32.7 and 112 +/- 21.6 mm/sec, respectively (each p less than .001). At every coupling interval, calcium significantly (p less than .01 to .001) prolonged, whereas verapamil significantly shortened (p less than .01 to .001), mitral reopening time compared with the control state. These pharmacologically induced changes in mitral valve mechanics occurred despite variations in left ventricular volume, as well as left ventricular and left atrial pressures that under normal conditions exert opposite effects on mitral valve mechanics.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
D
D
David
E L
EL
Michelson
M
M
Naito
C C
CC
Chen
M
M
Schaffenburg
L S
LS
Dreifus
D000818:Animals; D001696:Biomechanical Phenomena; D001794:Blood Pressure / Q000187:drug effects; D002118:Calcium / Q000494:pharmacology; D002304:Cardiac Pacing, Artificial; D003971:Diastole / Q000187:drug effects; D004285:Dogs; D004452:Echocardiography; D004562:Electrocardiography; D006327:Heart Block / Q000503:physiopathology*; D006439:Hemodynamics / Q000187:drug effects; D008943:Mitral Valve / Q000503:physiopathology*; D009200:Myocardial Contraction / Q000187:drug effects; D013997:Time Factors; D014700:Verapamil / Q000494:pharmacology
D014700:Verapamil; D002118:Calcium