Superior vena caval abnormalities: their occurrence rate, associated cardiac abnormalities and angiographic classification in a paediatric population with congenital heart disease.
Angiography of the superior systemic veins was performed on 510 patients with congenital heart disease. An analysis of these angiograms was carried out and a simple angiographic classification of superior vena caval anomalies is presented. Eleven per cent of cases had complete bilateral superior vena cavae, a frequency of occurrence higher than that previously reported. An analysis of associated congenital heart lesions revealed a higher than average association of bilateral superior vena cavae with atrioventricular septal defects and double-outlet right ventricle, but this was seen rarely in cases of transposition of the great arteries. Bilateral superior vena cavae also occurred very frequently (72%) in patients with situs abnormalities. Femoral vein catheterisation is likely to facilitate diagnosis and appropriate radiological signs are discussed.
G
G
Buirski
S C
SC
Jordan
H S
HS
Joffe
P
P
Wilde
D000293:Adolescent; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D005260:Female; D006330:Heart Defects, Congenital / Q000150:complications*; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D008297:Male; D011859:Radiography; D014683:Vena Cava, Superior / Q000002:abnormalities* / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging