Chick embryonic development following exposure to caffeine and nicotine.
Because cigarette smoking is considered to be deleterious to the fetus and caffeine is held in suspect as a potential human teratogen, the combined effects of caffeine and nicotine on early chick embryos were investigated. Treatment of the embryos at 48 h incubation with both caffeine (1 mg) and nicotine (1 mg) resulted in a high incidence of embryonic death and developmental defects. At 72 h incubation teratogenicity was potentiated following the same treatment. Embryonic growth was not affected. Embryotoxic interactions of this nature might account for congenital anomalies of doubtful etiology.
S H
SH
Gilani
T V
TV
Persaud
D000014:Abnormalities, Drug-Induced / Q000209:etiology*; D000818:Animals; D002110:Caffeine / Q000633:toxicity*; D002642:Chick Embryo; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D005865:Gestational Age; D009538:Nicotine / Q000633:toxicity*
D002110:Caffeine; D009538:Nicotine