Cirrhosis of the liver markedly impairs the elimination of mexiletine.
To study the effects of cirrhosis of the liver on the pharmacokinetics of mexiletine a single i.v. dose of 200 mg was administered to six cirrhotic patients and to six healthy controls. The distribution of mexiletine in both study groups was similar, as indicated by similar values of V1 and Vss, but it tended to occur more slowly in the cirrhotics. The plasma protein binding of mexiletine was unchanged in the patients with cirrhosis. The elimination of mexiletine was markedly retarded in the cirrhotics, as indicated by its lower total clearance (2.31 vs. 8.27 ml/kg/h,) lower total elimination rate constant (0.059 vs 0.353 h-1), and longer elimination half-life (28.7 vs 9.9 h). The antipyrine half-life was 38.3 h in the patients and 14.7 h in the controls. One healthy volunteer had a Morgagni-Stokes-Adams type of syncopal attack 5 min after administration of mexiletine due to disturbance of AV conduction induced by the drug. Thus, on a pharmacokinetic basis the loading dose of mexiletine need not be modified in cirrhotic patients, whereas the maintenance dosage should be reduced to one fourth - one third of the usual dose.
P J
PJ
Pentikäinen
S
S
Hietakorpi
M O
MO
Halinen
L M
LM
Lampinen
D000328:Adult; D000375:Aging; D000983:Antipyrine; D001798:Blood Proteins / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D007275:Injections, Intravenous; D007700:Kinetics; D008103:Liver Cirrhosis / Q000378:metabolism*; D008297:Male; D008801:Mexiletine / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000097:blood / Q000378:metabolism*; D008875:Middle Aged; D011437:Propylamines / Q000378:metabolism*; D011485:Protein Binding
D001798:Blood Proteins; D011437:Propylamines; D008801:Mexiletine; D000983:Antipyrine