Pathways of endocytosis in cultured macrophages. Electron microscopic autoradiographic tracing of iodinated plasma membrane proteins.
Lactoperoxidase-mediated iodination at 4 degrees C--an established method for covalent labelling of plasma membrane proteins--and quantitative electron microscopic autoradiography were used to follow the pathways of endocytosis in mouse macrophages in vitro. Directly after the labelling, the autoradiographic grains were concentrated to the cell surface. After warming to 37 degrees C, radioactive material was rapidly internalized into cytoplasmic vesicles and subsequently transferred to lysosomes as well as to the Golgi complex. Maximum grain density (% grains/% volume) over the vesicles was observed after 15 min, over the lysosomes after 30 to 45 min and over the Golgi complex after 30 and 90 min. Throughout the experimental period (120 min), the vesicles showed the largest fraction of intracellular grains, but higher grain densities occurred in lysosomes as well as in stacked Golgi cisternae and Golgi-associated vesicles. In spite of the internalization process, the labelling of the cell surface came to a steady state already after 30 min and at all intervals more than 50% of the autoradiographic grains were localized to this compartment. About 25% of the cell-associated radioactivity was lost rapidly with a half-life of 20 to 25 min and the remaining 75% slowly with a half-life of 7 to 9 h. The results indicate that membrane internalized by endocytosis partly follows a route to the lysosomes and that, additionally, there exists a route to and through the Golgi complex. They further support earlier notions of a bidirectional traffic between the surface and interior of the cell and suggest that recycling of membrane components may take place from endocytic vesicles, lysosomes, as well as the Golgi complex.
Stenseth
K
K
Thyberg
J
J
D000818:Animals; D001345:Autoradiography; D001798:Blood Proteins / Q000378:metabolism*; D002470:Cell Survival; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D004705:Endocytosis; D006056:Golgi Apparatus / Q000378:metabolism; D007425:Intracellular Membranes / Q000378:metabolism; D007457:Iodine Radioisotopes; D007784:Lactoperoxidase; D008247:Lysosomes / Q000378:metabolism; D008264:Macrophages / Q000276:immunology* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000648:ultrastructure; D008297:Male; D008565:Membrane Proteins / Q000378:metabolism*; D051379:Mice; D008815:Mice, Inbred Strains; D008854:Microscopy, Electron / Q000379:methods; D013347:Subcellular Fractions / Q000032:analysis; D013997:Time Factors
D001798:Blood Proteins; D007457:Iodine Radioisotopes; D008565:Membrane Proteins; D007784:Lactoperoxidase