Facial action patterns, electromyography, and moods in response to an insoluble task as a function of sex and sex-role differences.
College students of either androgynous or sex-typed orientation were randomly assigned to either an insoluble concept-formation task or a solvable one. Posttreatment scores were compared for measures of dysphoric mood (Multiple Affect Adjective List), electromyographic responses (corrugator and zygomatic), and discrete facial responses (Facial Action Coding System). In Study 1, 18 androgynous women were compared to 16 feminine women; in Study 2, 16 androgynous men were compared to 16 masculine men. The insoluble task was associated with more corrugator activity (frowning) than the solvable task in both studies. Feminine women displayed more corrugator responses across both tasks than androgynous women. However, masculine men did not differ from androgynous men in over-all corrugator response activity. Androgynous women smiled more than feminine women on the facial action coding measure. Men subjected to the insoluble task reported significantly more anxiety, depression, and hostility. Masculine men scored higher on anxiety during the insoluble task than androgynous men, while the latter scored somewhat higher on anxiety in the other condition.
Klions
D E
DE
Department of Psychology, Allegheny College, Meadville, PA 16335.
Sanders
K S
KS
Hudak
M A
MA
Dale
J A
JA
Klions
H L
HL
D000328:Adult; D001007:Anxiety / Q000523:psychology; D001143:Arousal / Q000502:physiology; D003863:Depression / Q000523:psychology; D004576:Electromyography; D005152:Facial Muscles / Q000502:physiology; D005260:Female; D005783:Gender Identity; D006791:Hostility; D006801:Humans; D007062:Identification, Psychological; D008297:Male; D011340:Problem Solving / Q000502:physiology