title: A comparison of the intrinsic fluorescence of red kangaroo, horse and sperm whale metmyoglobins.
abstract: Several metmyoglobins (red kangaroo, horse and sperm whale), containing different numbers of tyrosines, but with invariant tryptophan residues (Trp-7, Trp-14), exhibit intrinsic fluorescence when studied by steady-state front-face fluorometry. The increasing tyrosine content of these myoglobins correlates with a shift in emission maximum to shorter wavelengths with excitation at 280 nm: red kangaroo (Tyr-146) emission maximum 335 nm; horse (Tyr-103, -146) emission maximum 333 nm; sperm whale (Tyr-103, -146, -151) emission maximum 331 nm. Since 280 nm excites both tyrosine and tryptophan, this strongly suggests that tyrosine emission is not completely quenched but also contributes to this fluorescence emission. Upon titration to pH 12.5, there is a reversible shift of the emission maximum to longer wavelengths with an increase greater than 2-fold in fluorescence intensity. With excitation at 305 nm, a tyrosinate-like emission is detected at a pH greater than 12. These studies show that: (1) metmyoglobins, Class B proteins containing both tyrosine and tryptophan residues, exhibit intrinsic fluorescence; (2) tyrosine residues also contribute to the observed steady-state fluorescence emission when excited by light at 280 nm; (3) the ionization of Tyr-146 is likely coupled to protein unfolding.
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D006420:Hemeproteins / Q000032:analysis*; D006736:Horses; D006863:Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; D007614:Macropodidae; D008786:Metmyoglobin / Q000032:analysis*; D013050:Spectrometry, Fluorescence; D014443:Tyrosine / Q000032:analysis; D014907:Whales
chemical_list: D006420:Hemeproteins; D008786:Metmyoglobin; D014443:Tyrosine