title: Immobilization of white-tailed deer with xylazine hydrochloride and ketamine hydrochloride and antagonism by tolazoline hydrochloride.
abstract: Fourteen penned and 17 free-ranging white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus Rafinesque) were singularly or repeatedly immobilized with 100 mg xylazine hydrochloride (HCl) and 300 mg ketamine HCl. The mean times from intravenous injection to ambulation for 1.0, 2.0, and 4.0 mg/kg body weight doses of tolazoline HCl were 13.5, 10.5, and 9.2 min. Deer not receiving tolazoline HCl recovered in an average of 168 min. Heart rates significantly (P less than 0.001) increased from 47 to 83 beats/min after tolazoline HCl administration, representing a return to normal rate. Tolazoline HCl had no effect on respiratory rate. A total of 85 reversals with tolazoline HCl resulted in no apparent adverse reactions.
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001143:Arousal; D001835:Body Weight; D003670:Deer / Q000502:physiology*; D004338:Drug Combinations; D005260:Female; D007649:Ketamine / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology*; D008297:Male; D013843:Thiazines / Q000494:pharmacology*; D014043:Tolazoline / Q000494:pharmacology*; D014991:Xylazine / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology*
chemical_list: D004338:Drug Combinations; D013843:Thiazines; D014991:Xylazine; D007649:Ketamine; D014043:Tolazoline