title: [Exploration and retro- and subhepatic approach to the inferior vena cava].
abstract: Invasion of the inferior vena cava is the only major difficulty encountered in radical nephrectomy for cancer. This invasion can now be easily detected by non-invasive methods and, when present, requires modification of the surgical approach. The authors present several techniques for transforming the median incision depending on the individual circumstances.
mesh_terms: D006801:Humans; D007680:Kidney Neoplasms / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery*; D009392:Nephrectomy / Q000379:methods*; D014682:Vena Cava, Inferior / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery*
vernacular_title: Exploration et abord de la veine cave inférieure rétro- et sus-hépatique.