title: Sustained postischemic cardiodepression following magnesium-diltiazem cardioplegia.
abstract: Magnesium-diltiazem cardioplegia was evaluated in the intact, perfused rat heart to determine whether the joint administration of these agents would adversely affect myocardial contractile and high-energy phosphate recovery following intermittent, normothermic global ischemic arrest. Sequential metabolic and functional analyses were performed on isolated perfused rat hearts during each phase of the experimental protocol: control (10 min), normoxic cardioplegia (10 min), intermittent global ischemic arrest (two 15-min periods separated by 2 min infusion of the normoxic cardioplegic perfusate), and normoxic postischemic control reperfusion (60 min). Four different cardioplegic solutions were evaluated: 30 mM KCl, 30 mM KCl with 2 mg diltiazem/liter, 20 mM MgCl2, and 20 mM MgCl2 with 2 mg diltiazem/liter. Myocardial phosphatic metabolite levels and intracellular pH were analyzed nondestructively in the intact hearts by phosphorus-31 NMR spectroscopy. Corresponding measurements of peak left intraventricular pressure, rate of peak pressure development (dP/dt), and contraction frequency were performed at the midpoint during each 5-min interval of 31P NMR signal averaging. Magnesium plus diltiazem-treated hearts were distinguished from all other groups by a marked delay in postischemic functional recovery consisting of a prolonged depression in contractility (34% of control, P less than 0.01) that persisted throughout the first 50 min of postischemic reperfusion. Diltiazem in combination with magnesium cardioplegia was detrimental to postischemic functional recovery, despite a rapid restoration of high-energy phosphate stores. The apparent adverse interactive effects of excess magnesium and diltiazem suggest that elective ischemic arrest with magnesium cardioplegia in combination with diltiazem may be contraindicated clinically. The mechanistic basis and drug specificity of this response require further clarification. The present findings appear to exclude ATP and PCr production, and structural causes as the basis for the observed aberrant functional recovery from global ischemia of magnesium plus diltiazem-arrested hearts.
mesh_terms: D000255:Adenosine Triphosphate / Q000378:metabolism; D001552:Benzazepines / Q000494:pharmacology*; D003326:Coronary Circulation / Q000187:drug effects; D004110:Diltiazem / Q000494:pharmacology*; D004341:Drug Evaluation; D006321:Heart / Q000187:drug effects*; D006324:Heart Arrest, Induced; D006863:Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; D008274:Magnesium / Q000494:pharmacology*; D009682:Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; D008297:Male; D009200:Myocardial Contraction / Q000187:drug effects; D009206:Myocardium / Q000378:metabolism; D010085:Oxidative Phosphorylation / Q000187:drug effects; D010477:Perfusion; D010758:Phosphorus / Q000378:metabolism; D013057:Spectrum Analysis; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D001552:Benzazepines; D010758:Phosphorus; D000255:Adenosine Triphosphate; D004110:Diltiazem; D008274:Magnesium