Oviposition digging in the grasshopper. II. Descending neural control.
Transection of the ventral nerve cord of female grasshoppers activates the rhythmical motor programme for oviposition digging. Electrical stimulation of the cut nerve cord had the following effects on elicited oviposition motor activity: short- and long-lasting inhibition of activity, phase resetting and modulation of burst frequency. Cold saline applied to the nerve cord reversibly elicited the oviposition motor programme. The effects of transection and stimulation at different levels of the nerve cord indicate that the higher neural control of the motor pattern is not confined to the head ganglia, but includes a thoracic component. In intracellular recordings of ventral opener motoneurones, stimulus-related IPSPs were observed in response to stimulation of the cut nerve cord. Stimulation also abolished slow wave synaptic input to the motoneurones during inhibition of the oviposition motor programme. It is suggested that oviposition digging behaviour is initiated and maintained by a mechanism of 'release' from descending neural inhibition.
D000818:Animals; D004558:Electric Stimulation; D005260:Female; D006110:Grasshoppers / Q000502:physiology*; D009043:Motor Activity; D009046:Motor Neurons / Q000502:physiology; D009132:Muscles / Q000294:innervation; D009474:Neurons / Q000502:physiology; D010058:Oviposition