title: The time to tumor approach in risk assessment.
abstract: The multistage model is currently a widely used mathematical tool in carcinogen risk assessment to obtain a low-dose linear non-threshold slope for estimating cancer risks and comparing carcinogens with respect to potency. However, the multistage model is a single pathway model, whereas biological evidence indicates that carcinogenesis proceeds through multiple pathways. Furthermore, recent studies suggest that carcinogens induce a generalized increase in the susceptibility to neoplastic transformation triggered as rare events by cell proliferation. Such evidence supports the dtn = c time to tumor model in a modified form.
mesh_terms: D002273:Carcinogens; D004247:DNA / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D008954:Models, Biological; D009369:Neoplasms / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000453:epidemiology*; D012306:Risk
chemical_list: D002273:Carcinogens; D004247:DNA