title: Blood vitamin and choline concentrations in healthy domestic cats, dogs, and horses.
abstract: Blood concentrations of thiamin, biotin, nicotinates, pantothenates, folates, riboflavin, vitamins A, B6, B12, C, E, beta-carotene and choline were analyzed in healthy animals (23 horses, 25 dogs, and 29 cats). B-Complex vitamins and choline also were analyzed in the liver of the dogs and cats. Vitamin concentrations in the blood and livers of dogs were similar; however, blood vitamin A and beta-carotene concentrations were lower in the cat than in the dog. Horses had a higher B12 blood concentration than did the dogs and cats. These data can be useful for detecting overt and hidden vitamin deficits in these species due to various conditions.
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000829:Animals, Domestic; D002415:Cats / Q000097:blood*; D002794:Choline / Q000097:blood*; D004285:Dogs / Q000097:blood*; D005260:Female; D006736:Horses / Q000097:blood*; D008099:Liver / Q000032:analysis; D008297:Male; D012016:Reference Values; D013045:Species Specificity; D014815:Vitamins / Q000032:analysis / Q000097:blood*
chemical_list: D014815:Vitamins; D002794:Choline