title: The nature of reverse phase reflex eye movement.
abstract: The unusual phenomenon of reverse phase reflex eye movement was first described by Ishikawa. In this study the reflex frequency response was examined by electrooculography. In typical cases a reflex was observed by repeated forced duction up to 9 Hz. As a result it was postulated that proprioception is usually involved in reverse phase reflex eye movement, because visual eye movement cannot respond to a movement beyond 1 Hz. When the lag-times between the peaks of forced duction in one eye and those of the reflex movement in the other were measured, they were almost zero or even negative at high frequencies of forced duction as 6 and 9 Hz. This phase advance of the reflex movement was explained only when the receptor of the reflex had a dynamic response, because 90 degrees phase advance results in a reflex through such a receptor. The primary ending of muscle spindle represents such a receptor. The magician's forceps phenomenon as first discovered by Mitsui in exotropia is supposed to be a blocking reflex through the tendon organ. The transmission lag-times of both reflexes can be as short as 20 msec, but must be slightly longer to consider them to be monosynaptic.
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D004585:Electrooculography; D005133:Eye Movements; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012018:Reflex / Q000502:physiology*; D013997:Time Factors