title: [Roentgenologic determination of the actual femoral neck-shaft and antetorsion angle. 2: Alternatives to the Rippstein and Müller procedure].
abstract: The method developed by Rippstein and Müller allows mathematically exact determination of the femoral neck-shaft angle (CCD) and the angle of torsion (AT); at a deviation of 5 degrees--10 degrees from the prescribed position of the patient considerable errors (up to more than 15 degrees) can occur. For this reason two alternative methods are cited and described in detail: cinematographic determination of the CCD and AT angle according to Schwetlick and the combination of determination of the AT angle in exterior rotation according to Rogers and an anteroposterior roentgenogram of the pelvis and hips in interior rotation of the size of the AT angle. Both methods are also mathematically exact, but, in addition almost independent from minor deviations in the positioning of the patient. It is advisable to apply one of the cited methods in cases of high AT-angle values (much greater than 30 degrees), in cases where the placing of the patient is difficult and where the determination of the angles would require major therapeutic measurement.
mesh_terms: D001699:Biometry / Q000379:methods*; D005269:Femur / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D005272:Femur Neck / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D006801:Humans; D008433:Mathematics; D008953:Models, Anatomic; D011859:Radiography; D014102:Torsion Abnormality
vernacular_title: Die röntgenologische Bestimmung des reellen CCD- und AT-Winkels. Teil 2: Alternativen zum Verfahren nach Rippstein und Müller.