title: Focal nodular hyperplasia and hepatic adenoma: a review of eight cases in the pediatric age group.
abstract: A review of all primary hepatic tumors seen at Children's Hospital, Boston over a 57-year period disclosed six cases of focal nodular hyperplasia (FNH) and two hepatic adenomas (HA). The children with FNH (four females, two males) ranged in age from 6 months to 15 years (average age: 7 years). Three patients had "hepatomegaly" noted on physical examination 2 months to 2 or more years prior to diagnosis. The average diameter of FNH was 7.3 cm (range 2.5-10 cm). The lesion was confined to the right lobe in four cases and showed bilobar involvement in two. The HA's were diagnosed in a newborn male and a 2-year-old girl, both of whom were symptomatic because of large tumor size (10 cm each). There was no maternal history of exposure to exogenous steroids during pregnancy. Three children with FNH underwent hepatic lobectomy and were alive and well 4 to 17 years later. One child who died of acute leukemia had an incidental FNH discovered at autopsy. Two patients were treated conservatively with biopsy only and were alive and symptom-free 13 and 15 years later. Both children with HA underwent hepatic lobectomy. One died postoperatively because of intra-abdominal hemorrhage and the other was alive and well 10 1/2 years later. Complete surgical resection is recommended for most children with HA when technically feasible because of the lingering suspicion of possible (albeit remote) malignant transformation and diagnostic difficulties in distinguishing HA from a well-differentiated hepatocellular carcinoma.
mesh_terms: D000236:Adenoma / Q000473:pathology* / Q000601:surgery; D000293:Adolescent; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D003937:Diagnosis, Differential; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006470:Hemorrhage / Q000209:etiology; D006498:Hepatectomy / Q000009:adverse effects; D006801:Humans; D006965:Hyperplasia / Q000601:surgery; D007223:Infant; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D008099:Liver / Q000473:pathology* / Q000601:surgery; D008113:Liver Neoplasms / Q000473:pathology* / Q000601:surgery; D008297:Male