[Guidelines for therapy of idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP) in childhood].
The term "idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP)" comprises a rather heterogeneous group of diseases with different etiology and pathogenesis. 80% of the cases are acute forms following viral infections. Within the first 6 months the spontaneous remission rate is higher than 80%. The remaining patients develop an intermittent or chronic form of the disease. Lethal complications, commonly cerebral hemorrhage, are rare (less than 2%). Following a review of the established and the recent experimental therapeutic approaches, the authors try to give comprehensive therapeutical guide-lines for the management of the various clinical forms of the disease. If there is only a minor bleeding diathesis, it is recommended to withhold therapy for 2 to 3 weeks, irrespective of the platelet count. If no spontaneous remission occurs, we suggest therapy with corticosteroids. In case of failure of this therapy, infusions of high-dose immunoglobulins are advisable. Short-lasting successes may even be prolonged with further infusions (once a week or at longer intervals)--thus postponing splenectomy. In addition, a combination of high-dose immunoglobulins and corticosteroids may be effective. Following pneumococcal vaccination and penicillin prophylaxis, splenectomy should be performed not earlier than one year after diagnosis of ITP and only in children older than 5 years. If splenectomy does not lead to recovery of the platelet count, immunoglobulin infusions--possibly combined with corticosteroids--may be repeated. Finally, if all the above proposed therapeutic actions have failed, immunosuppressive drugs (azathioprime or vincristine) may be necessary.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
D000305:Adrenal Cortex Hormones / Q000627:therapeutic use; D002648:Child; D006801:Humans; D007116:Immunization, Passive; D007166:Immunosuppressive Agents / Q000627:therapeutic use; D010976:Platelet Count; D011696:Purpura, Thrombocytopenic / Q000628:therapy*; D013156:Splenectomy; D014777:Virus Diseases / Q000150:complications
D000305:Adrenal Cortex Hormones; D007166:Immunosuppressive Agents
Entscheidungshilfen zur Therapie der idiopathischen thrombozytopenischen Purpura (ITP) im Kindesalter.