title: Effects of respiratory depth and rate on HR and TWA: an indirect assessment of the respiratory confound in cognitive task difficulty manipulations.
abstract: Manipulations of respiration depth and rate were performed in order to observe their effects on HR and TWA. The shallow breathing conditions were considered respiratorily similar to the conditions existing during the performance of an iterative subtraction task. Although significant HR increases and TWA decreases were noted in the deep breathing conditions, the changes in the shallow conditions were not of sufficient magnitude to account for the HR increases and TWA decreases which have been observed during the performance of subtraction tasks. Therefore it appears that respiratory confounds are not responsible for the effects that have been observed in previous studies.
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D003071:Cognition / Q000502:physiology*; D004562:Electrocardiography; D006321:Heart / Q000502:physiology*; D006339:Heart Rate; D006801:Humans; D012119:Respiration