title: Milk production of cows fed fluoride contaminated commercial feed.
abstract: A commercial feed concentrate and a mineral mix with excessive amounts of fluoride were introduced into a Holstein dairy herd with an average milk production well above national standards. Milk production decreased drastically, and during the following 6 years the deficit in milk production in the herd ranging from 52 to 120 milking cows was 1.5 million Kg (3 1/4 million lbs.). The tolerance levels set by the National Academy of Sciences for fluoride ingestion by lactating cow were found to be inadequate.
mesh_terms: D000821:Animal Feed / Q000506:poisoning*; D000818:Animals; D001842:Bone and Bones / Q000032:analysis; D002417:Cattle; D002418:Cattle Diseases / Q000503:physiopathology*; D005260:Female; D005458:Fluoride Poisoning / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000662:veterinary*; D005459:Fluorides / Q000032:analysis; D009050:Fluorosis, Dental / Q000662:veterinary; D005506:Food Contamination; D007774:Lactation; D011247:Pregnancy
chemical_list: D005459:Fluorides