title: An electronic stethoscope is judged better than conventional stethoscopes for anesthesia monitoring.
abstract: A prototype electronic monitoring stethoscope was constructed from readily available, high-quality components. It consisted of a conventional precordial or esophageal probe connected to a microphone by a rubber adapter. The microphone was connected by lightweight wire to an amplifier and headphones. Twenty-one anesthesia clinicians evaluated the stethoscope and responded to a multiple-choice preference questionnaire. The electronic stethoscope was judged to perform better than the conventional stethoscope in most categories evaluated. The electronic device was perceived to be louder, clearer in sound reproduction, more efficacious for monitoring, and easier to use continuously, and its headphones were considered more comfortable than the conventional earpiece. Based on our results, we conclude that amplified stethoscopes have the potential to improve monitoring. Further development of electronic stethoscope monitoring seems warranted and is continuing.
mesh_terms: D000758:Anesthesia; D004582:Electronics, Medical; D006326:Heart Auscultation / Q000295:instrumentation*; D006801:Humans; D008991:Monitoring, Physiologic / Q000295:instrumentation*