title: Imipramine demethylation and hydroxylation: impact of the sparteine oxidation phenotype.
abstract: Eighteen healthy volunteers, selected according to their ability to oxidize sparteine, took single oral doses of 100 mg imipramine and desipramine. For imipramine the following clearances (L X min-1) were found in six rapid extensive metabolizers (EM), six slow EM, and six poor metabolizers (PM), respectively (mean and range): apparent oral clearance: 2.55 (1.39 to 3.47), 2.28 (1.18 to 4.26), and 1.35 (0.96 to 1.64). Clearance via demethylation was: 1.42 (0.61 to 2.01), 1.60 (0.78 to 3.81), and 1.09 (0.76 to 1.64); clearance via other pathways was: 1.13 (0.74 to 1.75), 0.69 (0.40 to 1.59), and 0.26 (0 to 0.46). For desipramine the apparent oral clearance (L X min-1) was 0.19 (0.12 to 0.24) in PM compared with 1.64 (1.46 to 1.80) and 1.03 (0.77 to 1.13) in rapid EM and slow EM. Extremely long elimination t1/2s of desipramine were seen in PM: 81 to 131 hours compared with 13 to 23 hours in EM. 2-OH-imipramine and 2-OH-desipramine were detectable in plasma of only the 12 EM, where the ratio-to-parent compound was higher in rapid EM than in slow EM. This study confirms that 2-hydroxylation of imipramine and desipramine depends almost exclusively on the sparteine oxygenase, whereas the demethylation of imipramine depends mainly on a different isozyme.
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D003891:Desipramine / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000378:metabolism; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D006900:Hydroxylation; D007099:Imipramine / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000378:metabolism*; D007700:Kinetics; D008297:Male; D008745:Methylation; D010084:Oxidation-Reduction; D010641:Phenotype; D013034:Sparteine / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D013034:Sparteine; C033803:2-hydroxyimipramine; D007099:Imipramine; D003891:Desipramine; C028653:2-hydroxydesipramine