title: Osteoporosis: strategies for prevention.
abstract: Prevention of osteoporosis involves a variety of health promotion strategies: good nutrition with an emphasis on non-animal sources of protein; an adequate intake of calcium; and an active lifestyle with plenty of weight-bearing activity. Cigarette-smoking and excessive intakes of alcohol and caffeine can accelerate the development of osteoporosis and should be avoided. In many cases hormonal replacement is also essential. The risk of endometrial carcinoma as a consequence of estrogen replacement is reduced by adding a progestogen on a cyclic basis. The most desirable estrogen/progestogen combination involves the use of a progestogen for at least 10 days every month and the use of estrogen on a cyclic basis with several days each month during which neither hormone is taken.
mesh_terms: D000863:Antacids / Q000009:adverse effects; D002118:Calcium / Q000378:metabolism; D004032:Diet; D004967:Estrogens / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008460:Meat; D009722:Nurse Practitioners; D009747:Nutritional Physiological Phenomena; D010024:Osteoporosis / Q000517:prevention & control*; D010710:Phosphates; D005082:Physical Exertion; D011372:Progestins / Q000627:therapeutic use; D012907:Smoking; D014807:Vitamin D / Q000502:physiology
chemical_list: D000863:Antacids; D004967:Estrogens; D010710:Phosphates; D011372:Progestins; D014807:Vitamin D; D002118:Calcium