title: Tropical peptic ulcer disease: an endoscopic study from rural Haiti.
abstract: We performed upper gastrointestinal endoscopy in 60 rural Haitian patients who complained of chronic upper abdominal pain. Twenty-five of 37 men (68%) and 5 of 23 women (22%) had abnormal findings. In men the predominant abnormalities were severe duodenal ulcer, duodenitis, and pyloroduodenal obstruction; duodenal ulcer or duodenitis appeared to precede obstructive disease by about 20 years. In women the abnormal findings invariably were milder than in men and consisted of duodenal ulcer, duodenitis, and gastritis. These observations as well as the observations of others indicate that peptic ulcer disease is common in developing countries, particularly among men. We hypothesize that this familiar abnormality reported from unfamiliar places represents the ordinary spectrum of peptic ulcer disease, but that inadequate treatment of recurrent episodes over time leads to obstruction. Physicians need to learn more about the epidemiology of peptic disease in developing countries and to devise better methods of effective treatment to prevent the late complication of gastric outlet obstruction.
mesh_terms: D000005:Abdomen; D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D003906:Developing Countries; D004381:Duodenal Ulcer / Q000150:complications / Q000453:epidemiology*; D004382:Duodenitis / Q000150:complications; D004724:Endoscopy; D005260:Female; D005756:Gastritis / Q000150:complications; D006205:Haiti; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010146:Pain / Q000209:etiology; D012424:Rural Population