[Cerebral ultrasound diagnosis in brain abnormalities].
Gray scale ultrasonography of the brain was performed in 93 infants with cerebral malformations. The most common malformation was the Chiari-malformation (56 children), characterized by the caudal displacement of the cerebellar vermis into the foramen magnum. The rest of the cerebellum, pons and medulla oblongata were displaced caudally and dysplastic. All children with Chiari-syndrome showed more or less severe hydrocephalus. The Dandy-Walker-malformation (3 children) was characterized by a huge retrocerebellar cyst communicating with the fourth ventricle. The cerebellar vermis was dysplastic. In alobar holoprosencephaly (2 children) a large singular midline ventricle could be shown. Both thalami and plexus chorioidei were fused in the midline. Absence of the falx cerebri, interhemispheric fissure, corpus callosum and septum pellucidum was characteristic for alobar holoprosencephaly. Stenosis of the Sylvian aqueduct (4 children) was characterized by enlarged lateral ventricles and third ventricle, whereas the fourth ventricle was normal in size. Porencephalic cysts (7 children) were spheric echofree lesions of various size, usually located symmetrically in both cerebral hemispheres. In hydranencephaly (4 children) both hemispheres were replaced by echofree space occupying bubbles. In 5 children with agenesis of the corpus callosum no corpus callosum could be demonstrated by sonography. Coronal sections displaced the typical bull's head shape, formed by the enlarged third ventricle and the side ventricles as well as randomly arrayed sulci around the lateral ventricles, which are pathognomonic for agenesis of the corpus callosum. Agenesis of the septum pellucidum (5 children) was characterized by fusion of the frontal horns of the lateral ventricles. One child with aneurysmatic malformation of the vein of Galen showed dilated sinus rectus and pulsations of a cyst, located behind the third ventricle. Pulsed doppler recording showed pulsatile arterial flow patterns within the cyst.
D061085:Agenesis of Corpus Callosum; D001139:Arnold-Chiari Malformation / Q000175:diagnosis; D001921:Brain / Q000002:abnormalities*; D003560:Cysts / Q000175:diagnosis; D003616:Dandy-Walker Syndrome / Q000175:diagnosis; D004453:Echoencephalography; D006801:Humans; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D002538:Intracranial Arteriovenous Malformations / Q000175:diagnosis; D012688:Septum Pellucidum / Q000002:abnormalities
Zerebrale Ultraschalldiagnostik bei Hirnmissbildungen.