Closed circuit anesthesia.
Closed-circuit anesthesia is safe and physiologic. It allows normoventilation and avoids hypo or hyperventilation. Respiratory gases remain warm and humid. No anesthetic pollution of the room occurs. It allows early detection of metabolic abnormalities (malignant hyperthermia, pulmonary or tissue underperfusion). Closed-circuit anesthesia is economical.
D000764:Anesthesia, Closed-Circuit / Q000295:instrumentation; D000769:Anesthesia, Inhalation / Q000295:instrumentation; D006801:Humans; D009330:Nebulizers and Vaporizers; D011659:Pulmonary Gas Exchange