title: Excretion of deoxynivalenol and its metabolite in milk, urine, and feces of lactating dairy cows.
abstract: Corn contaminated with deoxynivalenol was added to the diets of three dairy cows for 5 d and milk, urine, and 3 d following feeding of the diets. Dietary concentrations of deoxynivalenol averaged 66 mg/kg. Following exposure to deoxynivalenol, unconjugated deepoxydeoxynivalenol, a metabolite of deoxynivalenol, was present in milk at concentrations up to 26 ng/ml. Deoxynivalenol was not detected in the milk. Approximately 20% of the deoxynivalenol fed was recovered in the urine and feces in the unconjugated forms as deepoxydeoxynivalenol (96%) and deoxynivalenol (4%). After incubating urine with beta-glucuronidase, the concentration of unconjugated deepoxydeoxynivalenol increased by 7 to 15-fold whereas unconjugated deoxynivalenol increased 1.6 to 3-fold. Detectable concentrations of unconjugated deepoxydeoxynivalenol were found in urine and feces up to 72 h after the last oral exposure. Thus, urine and feces are the diagnostic specimens of choice for the determination of deoxynivalenol exposure in cows. Feeding deoxynivalenol-contaminated diets for 5 d did not alter feed intake or milk production nor were the milk concentrations of calcium, phosphorus, sodium, potassium, magnesium, or nitrogen altered.
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002417:Cattle / Q000378:metabolism*; D005243:Feces / Q000032:analysis*; D005260:Female; D007774:Lactation / Q000378:metabolism*; D008892:Milk / Q000032:analysis*; D011247:Pregnancy; D012717:Sesquiterpenes / Q000378:metabolism*; D014255:Trichothecenes / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000652:urine
chemical_list: D012717:Sesquiterpenes; D014255:Trichothecenes; C007262:deoxynivalenol