Comparison of intravenous mexiletine and lidocaine for the treatment of ventricular arrhythmias.
The efficacy and safety of intravenous loading of mexiletine was compared to lidocaine in patients with ventricular premature depolarizations (VPDs). Seventeen men and five women, average age 63 years, completed this randomized parallel study. Twelve patients received mexiletine intravenously at (5 to 10 mg/min) until greater than or equal to 95% VPD suppression was achieved or a total of 450 mg of drug was given. The average loading dose of mexiletine was 4.4 mg/kg, at an infusion rate of 0.1 mg/kg/min. Ten patients received lidocaine (1 mg/kg) given over 3 minutes, with a second similar bolus given if after 10 minutes greater than or equal to 95% VPD suppression was not achieved. Total VPDs were determined for the 60 minutes before drug administration, during drug infusion, and 60 minutes thereafter. Eleven of 12 (92%) patients receiving mexiletine were full responders (greater than or equal to 95% suppression) and one was a partial responder (greater than or equal to 75% greater than or equal to 95% suppression). Five of 10 lidocaine patients (50%) were full responders, three (30%) were partial responders, and two failed to respond. At peak suppression, mexiletine reduced mean VPD from 37 +/- 33/5 minutes (mean +/- S.D.) to 0.8 +/- 0.9/5 minutes (p less than 0.01) and lidocaine decreased mean VPDs from 28 +/- 47/5 minutes to 4.7 +/- 2.2/5 minutes (p less than 0.01). Mexiletine resulted in greater suppression of VPDs than lidocaine in terms of mean percent reduction (96% vs 68%, p less than 0.01). All lidocaine patients had therapeutic plasma levels (range 1.6 to 3.5 micrograms/ml).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001145:Arrhythmias, Cardiac / Q000097:blood / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000503:physiopathology; D004341:Drug Evaluation; D004562:Electrocardiography; D005260:Female; D006352:Heart Ventricles / Q000187:drug effects / Q000503:physiopathology; D006801:Humans; D007262:Infusions, Intravenous / Q000379:methods; D008012:Lidocaine / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000097:blood; D008297:Male; D008801:Mexiletine / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000097:blood; D008875:Middle Aged; D008991:Monitoring, Physiologic; D011897:Random Allocation; D013997:Time Factors
D008801:Mexiletine; D008012:Lidocaine