title: Oral contraceptives in diabetic women: metabolic effects of four compounds with different estrogen/progestogen profiles.
abstract: The metabolic effects of four oral contraceptives with different estrogen/progestogen profiles (monophasic nonalkylated estrogen/norethindrone, low-dose monophasic ethinyl estradiol (EE2)/norethindrone, progestogen only treatment with norethindrone, and triphasic EE2/levonorgestrel) were examined in insulin-dependent diabetic women. During the 6-month study period, no differences were found in fasting plasma glucose, 24-hour insulin requirements, glycated hemoglobin, free fatty acids, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol concentrations, or high-density lipoprotein cholesterol/total cholesterol ratio between the patients in each treatment group. Compared with the nonalkylated estrogen/norethindrone and the triphasic EE2/levonorgestrel formulations, the low-dose EE2/norethindrone combination resulted in small but significant increases in plasma triglyceride and very low-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels (P less than 0.01), which seemed unfavorable from a clinical point of view. Norethindrone-only treatment appeared to be an appropriate alternative to both the nonalkylated estrogen/norethindrone combination and the triphasic EE2/levonorgestrel formulations.
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000990:Antithrombin III / Q000378:metabolism; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000378:metabolism; D002784:Cholesterol / Q000097:blood; D003278:Contraceptives, Oral, Hormonal / Q000494:pharmacology*; D003280:Contraceptives, Oral, Synthetic / Q000494:pharmacology; D003922:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1 / Q000097:blood*; D005230:Fatty Acids, Nonesterified / Q000097:blood; D005260:Female; D006442:Glycated Hemoglobin / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D012738:Sex Hormone-Binding Globulin / Q000097:blood; D014280:Triglycerides / Q000097:blood
chemical_list: D000990:Antithrombin III; D001786:Blood Glucose; D002784:Cholesterol; D003278:Contraceptives, Oral, Hormonal; D003280:Contraceptives, Oral, Synthetic; D005230:Fatty Acids, Nonesterified; D006442:Glycated Hemoglobin; D012738:Sex Hormone-Binding Globulin; D014280:Triglycerides