title: Ureterorenal endoscopy: which instrument, what cost?
abstract: This report describes the design, availability, repair facilities and costs of rigid ureteroscopes. Clinical factors affecting design are detailed. A classification is given. A new test of flow dynamics is described. Short operating ureteroscopes with a stable or integral telescope system appear to be superior to other types, especially as they may be used for antegrade ureteroscopy.
mesh_terms: D019723:Endoscopes; D004724:Endoscopy / Q000191:economics / Q000379:methods; D004867:Equipment Design; D006801:Humans; D007668:Kidney; D007669:Kidney Calculi / Q000601:surgery; D014513:Ureter; D014514:Ureteral Calculi / Q000601:surgery