title: Human placental lactogen and unconjugated estriol concentrations in twin pregnancy: monitoring of fetal development in intrauterine growth retardation and single intrauterine fetal death.
abstract: Human placental lactogen and unconjugated estriol concentrations in maternal serum were evaluated in 100 uneventful twin pregnancies, and these values were compared with those observed in 16 twin pregnancies associated with intrauterine growth retardation or single intrauterine fetal death. In pregnancies associated with intrauterine growth retardation (n = 8), human placental lactogen levels were at the lower limit of normal range for singleton pregnancies, whereas estriol levels were normal in most cases. When one of the fetuses had died before week 33 of pregnancy (n = 5), both human placental lactogen and estriol levels were low and they were almost at the levels in singleton pregnancy. When intrauterine fetal death occurred after week 36 of pregnancy (n = 3), both hormone levels remained normal until term. Thus human placental lactogen rather than estriol is a good indicator of intrauterine growth retardation in twin pregnancy. Both human placental lactogen and estriol are useful for the monitoring of the surviving fetus in the case of single intrauterine fetal death.
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D004964:Estriol / Q000097:blood*; D005260:Female; D005313:Fetal Death / Q000097:blood*; D005317:Fetal Growth Retardation / Q000097:blood*; D006801:Humans; D010928:Placental Lactogen / Q000097:blood*; D011247:Pregnancy; D012016:Reference Values; D013997:Time Factors; D014427:Twins
chemical_list: D010928:Placental Lactogen; D004964:Estriol