Estimating the relationship between exposure to tar volatiles and the incidence of bladder cancer in aluminum smelter workers.
A previously reported case-referent study of 85 incident cases of bladder cancer among aluminum smelter workers and 255 matched referents revealed an excess risk among workers exposed to coal-tar pitch volatiles. For the study reported in the present investigation these data have been augmented by estimates of past workplace exposure to total tar (benzene-soluble matter) and to benzo-a-pyrene (BaP). From these new data, exposure-response relationships have been estimated by maximum likelihood. A linear relationship between cumulative exposure and relative risk and a minimum latency period of ten years were assumed on a priori grounds and found compatible with the data. Under these assumptions, relative risk increased for each year of exposure to benzene-soluble matter at a concentration of 1 mg/m3 by 13%, the 95% confidence interval being 5-31. The corresponding figure for BaP (as micrograms/m3 X year) was 2.3%. On the basis of these estimates, 40 years of exposure to benzene-soluble matter at the current exposure limit of 0.2 mg/m3 would lead to a relative risk of 2.4. There was suggestive but not conclusive evidence that relative risks due to exposure to tar volatiles and to cigarette smoke combined multiplicatively.
D000395:Air Pollutants, Occupational / Q000009:adverse effects*; D000535:Aluminum / Q000009:adverse effects*; D001555:Benzene Derivatives / Q000009:adverse effects; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009784:Occupational Diseases / Q000139:chemically induced*; D011083:Polycyclic Compounds / Q000009:adverse effects; D012306:Risk; D013638:Tars / Q000009:adverse effects*; D001749:Urinary Bladder Neoplasms / Q000139:chemically induced*; D014896:Welding
D000395:Air Pollutants, Occupational; D001555:Benzene Derivatives; D011083:Polycyclic Compounds; D013638:Tars; D000535:Aluminum