Conformation similarities of the globular and tailed forms of acetylcholinesterase from Torpedo californica.
The conformation of the globular dimer (G2), the tailed asymmetric dodecamer (A12, also containing some tailed octamer A8) and the globular tetramer (G4, prepared by removing the collagen-like tail from A12) of acetylcholinesterase (acetylcholine acetylhydrolase, EC 3.1.1.7) was studied by circular dichroism (CD) in the ultraviolet region. The G2 and G4 forms had similar conformation with about 40% alpha-helix, 35% beta-sheets and 4% beta-turns; the tailed form had a lower helicity (about 34%) and beta-form (about 25%) content probably because of the presence of the tail whose CD spectrum resembles that of an unordered form, but it had about the same amount of beta-turns as the other two forms. All three forms also had similar CD spectra in the near-ultraviolet region due to their non-peptide chromophores. The pH, thermal and urea denaturation of the three acetylcholinesterase forms was also similar to each other. The pH-dependency of both the enzymatic activity and CD intensity of the three forms showed bell-shaped curves with a plateau at pH 7-8. The activity was completely lost at pH below 5 or above 10, but the corresponding CD spectra retained 70-80% of the original magnitudes. Thermal denaturation of the three forms at pH 7.5 showed a conformational transition and loss of activity between 30 and 40 degrees C, but the CD intensity of the helical band at 222 nm was reduced by only 20-30%. Urea denaturation of the three forms began at 1 M urea; it was protein concentration- and time-dependent. Again, the activity disappeared faster than the decreasing CD intensity. Thus, the overall conformation of the three acetylcholinesterase forms appears to be relatively stable, but their active site is easily perturbed by changing the environment. The loss of activity correlated well with the disappearance of the CD band of tryptophan(s) in the near-ultraviolet region, suggesting that the Trp residue(s) might be at or near the active center of the enzyme.
D000110:Acetylcholinesterase / Q000032:analysis; D000596:Amino Acids / Q000032:analysis; D000818:Animals; D002942:Circular Dichroism; D004557:Electric Organ / Q000201:enzymology; D004591:Electrophoresis, Polyacrylamide Gel; D006358:Hot Temperature; D006863:Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; D046911:Macromolecular Substances; D011487:Protein Conformation; D011489:Protein Denaturation; D014101:Torpedo / Q000378:metabolism*; D014508:Urea
D000596:Amino Acids; D046911:Macromolecular Substances; D014508:Urea; D000110:Acetylcholinesterase