title: Frank's "common elements" in psychotherapy: nonspecific factors and placebos.
abstract: Implications of Jerome Frank's seminal hypotheses are further considered, specifically that all psychological treatments share common elements that account for the effective treatment of a core problem shared by all patients--demoralization. The stages of psychotherapy and the potential role of suggestion, nonspecific elements, and placebo are highlighted.
mesh_terms: D006801:Humans; D007858:Learning; D001523:Mental Disorders / Q000628:therapy*; D010919:Placebos; D011582:Psychological Theory; D011613:Psychotherapy / Q000379:methods; D011936:Reality Testing; D012106:Research; D012649:Self Concept
chemical_list: D010919:Placebos