title: Frozen shoulder.
abstract: Widespread use of the label "frozen shoulder" as a diagnosis for any stiff and painful shoulder condition has led to its becoming a rather meaningless, catchall term. In addition to confounding both the lay public and health care professionals, this indiscriminate labeling may prevent a patient from receiving appropriate treatment. In this article, I define frozen shoulder and review its pathologic and etiologic factors, epidemiology, natural history, and diagnosis. I present this information in correlation with an examination process to assist physical therapists in identifying suspected cases of frozen shoulder. I also present the current options for treatment, including physical therapy management with physical agents and exercise.
mesh_terms: D001175:Arthrography; D002062:Bursitis / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000209:etiology / Q000628:therapy*; D003452:Cryosurgery; D005081:Exercise Therapy; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007259:Infrared Rays / Q000627:therapeutic use; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009068:Movement; D026741:Physical Therapy Modalities; D012785:Shoulder Joint; D013256:Steroids / Q000627:therapeutic use
chemical_list: D013256:Steroids