title: Removal of renal cell carcinoma extending to the supradiaphragmatic vena cava with the aid of cardiopulmonary bypass.
abstract: A woman with renal cell carcinoma confined within Gerota's fascia but extending to the supradiaphragmatic vena cava was successfully treated with the aid of cardiopulmonary bypass. The approach was a subcostal chevron incision coupled with a midline sternotomy. The rationale and indications for aggressive surgery of renal cell carcinoma with massive caval extension are discussed.
mesh_terms: D002292:Carcinoma, Renal Cell / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000601:surgery*; D002315:Cardiopulmonary Bypass; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007680:Kidney Neoplasms / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000601:surgery*; D008875:Middle Aged; D011859:Radiography; D013927:Thrombosis / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000601:surgery*; D014683:Vena Cava, Superior / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery*