title: Cardiac performance in cats after administration of xylazine or xylazine and glycopyrrolate: echocardiographic evaluations.
abstract: Cardiac performance was evaluated in 9 healthy cats sedated with xylazine. Each cat was evaluated echocardiographically before and after the administration of xylazine or xylazine and glycopyrrolate. Each cat was echocardiographically evaluated during manual restraint only (control value), after IM administration of 0.55 mg of xylazine/kg of body weight, after IM administration of 2.2 mg of xylazine/kg, and after IM administration of 0.011 mg of glycopyrrolate/kg followed 10 minutes later by IM administration of 2.2 mg of xylazine/kg. Echocardiographic indices of cardiac performance (fractional shortening, left ventricular wall amplitude, aortic amplitude, mitral valve E point septal separation) indicated a significant decrease (P less than 0.05) in the left ventricular function and heart rate after the small (0.55 mg/kg) and large (2.2 mg/kg) dosages of xylazine. With the administration of glycopyrrolate, the bradycardia was minimized, but cardiac performance was not improved. After administration of glycopyrrolate, cardiac performance decreased, but the decrease was not significant when compared with the ventricular performance of the cats after administration of the large dosage of xylazine. Compared with control values, the reduction in left ventricular function values associated with administration of xylazine or xylazine and glycopyrrolate was independent of the heart rate. Therefore, the alpha-2 adrenergic agonist xylazine has a marked depressive effect on cardiac performance in the cat, and premedication with glycopyrrolate may not completely alleviate the undesirable bradycardia, but may actually be detrimental to the cardiovascular system.
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002415:Cats / Q000502:physiology*; D004359:Drug Therapy, Combination; D004452:Echocardiography; D005260:Female; D006024:Glycopyrrolate / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology*; D006321:Heart / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000502:physiology; D006339:Heart Rate / Q000187:drug effects; D007273:Injections, Intramuscular; D008297:Male; D011759:Pyrrolidines / Q000494:pharmacology*; D011897:Random Allocation; D013843:Thiazines / Q000494:pharmacology*; D014991:Xylazine / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology*
chemical_list: D011759:Pyrrolidines; D013843:Thiazines; D014991:Xylazine; D006024:Glycopyrrolate