title: Cross-cultural comparability of the Philadelphia Geriatric Center Morale Scale: an American-Japanese comparison.
abstract: This study involves an American-Japanese comparison of the factorial structure of the Philadelphia Geriatric Center (PGC) Morale Scale. A model containing 11 of the original PGC Morale Scale items was found to fit both the American and Japanese data adequately. Factorial invariance was analyzed by testing a series of nested hypotheses involving various equivalence constraints. No major differences were found in the 11-item PGC Morale Scale between the American and Japanese data sets.
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged / Q000523:psychology*; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000375:Aging / Q000208:ethnology*; D003431:Cross-Cultural Comparison; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007564:Japan; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009013:Morale; D011581:Psychological Tests; D014481:United States