Pathogenesis of simulated natural infections with Ostertagia ostertagi in calves.
The possibility of a mucosal hypersensitivity reaction and its relationship to the pathogenesis of simulated natural infections with Ostertagia ostertagi were studied in calves. Four groups of 4 calves each were used. One group was used as noninfected control; a 2nd group was given increasing doses of infective larvae; a 3rd group was given increasing doses of larvae and these were removed by succeeding treatment with an anthelmintic; and a 4th group was given an initial dose of larvae which was then eliminated with an anthelmintic. All calves given larvae became sensitized, as shown by an intradermal skin test. The continuously infected calves had significantly (P less than 0.05) higher fecal egg counts, eosinophil counts, plasma pepsinogen values, and worm burdens and significantly (P less than 0.05) lower lymphocyte counts than did the other groups of calves. These animals also had the most extensive mucosal pathologic changes. The group given intermittent larval challenge exposures followed by an anthelmintic showed decreased lymphocyte values, but these were not significant. Plasma pepsinogen values of this group increased between every challenge exposure and treatment, a 3-day period. This indicated that a mucosal hypersensitivity reaction had occurred in these calves at these times, because they were shown to have been sensitized, and challenge-exposure infections were not present for sufficient time to have produced direct pathologic effects. It therefore seems that a part of the pathologic changes in O ostertagi infections may be the result of the continuous challenge exposure experienced by the animals through a constant intake of larvae from pasture and the intestinal reaction to this challenge exposure.
D000818:Animals; D002417:Cattle; D002418:Cattle Diseases / Q000209:etiology / Q000276:immunology / Q000469:parasitology*; D005243:Feces / Q000469:parasitology; D006967:Hypersensitivity / Q000662:veterinary; D010029:Ostertagiasis / Q000209:etiology / Q000276:immunology / Q000662:veterinary*; D010270:Parasite Egg Count / Q000662:veterinary; D012882:Skin Tests / Q000662:veterinary; D014252:Trichostrongyloidiasis / Q000662:veterinary*