title: Spontaneous abortion following mid-trimester amniocentesis. Clinical significance of placental perforation and blood-stained amniotic fluid.
abstract: The clinical significance of placental perforation and blood-stained amniotic fluid was studied in a group of 7238 Danish women undergoing mid-trimester amniocentesis for prenatal diagnosis under ultrasound guidance. The risk of spontaneous abortion was significantly increased both in pregnancies where the placenta was perforated and in those with blood-stained amniotic fluid. The risk estimate nearly doubled after placental perforation and more than doubled with a bloody tap. It is concluded that for women at relatively low risk of a fetal genetic abnormality, the indication of the amniocentesis should be reconsidered if a placental perforation is unavoidable.
mesh_terms: D000022:Abortion, Spontaneous / Q000209:etiology*; D000649:Amniocentesis / Q000009:adverse effects*; D000653:Amniotic Fluid; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D010920:Placenta / Q000293:injuries; D011247:Pregnancy; D011262:Pregnancy Trimester, Second