title: Reconstitution of muscarinic cholinergic inhibition of adenylate cyclase activity in homogenates of embryonic chick hearts by membranes of adult chick hearts.
abstract: We have previously demonstrated that during embryonic development of the chick heart between days 2 1/2 and 10 days in ovo, muscarinic cholinergic inhibition of isoproterenol-stimulated adenylate cyclase activity increased 4-fold, and the sensitivity of isoproterenol-stimulated adenylate cyclase activity to inhibition by carbamylcholine increased 26-fold. Although the number of muscarinic receptors remained constant between days 2 1/2 and 10 in ovo, the levels of a 39- and 41-kDa pertussis toxin substrate increased in parallel with the ability of muscarinic agonist to inhibit adenylate cyclase activity (Liang. B.T., Hellmich, M. R., Neer, E. J., and Galper, J. B. (1986) J. Biol. Chem. 261, 9011-9021). These data are consistent with the hypothesis that between days 2 1/2 and 10 in ovo muscarinic receptors were uncoupled from inhibition of adenylate cyclase activity because of limiting levels of pertussis toxin substrates. In the current studies, in order to test this hypothesis homogenates of embryonic chick hearts 3 1/2 days in ovo were reconstituted with membranes from hearts of hatched chicks. In order to rule out reconstitution by factors from hatched chick hearts other than pertussis toxin substrates, muscarinic receptors from hatched chick hearts were inactivated by covalent binding of benzilycholine mustard and adenylate cyclase inactivated by N-ethylmaleimide prior to reconstitution. Reconstitution of benzilylcholine mustard/N-ethylmaleimide treated hatched chick heart membranes with homogenates of embryonic chick hearts 3 1/2 days in ovo resulted in a 2 1/2-fold increase in the ability of carbamylcholine to inhibit adenylate cyclase activity and reconstitution of hatched chick heart membranes with homogenates of hearts 2 1/2 days in ovo resulted in an approximately 10-fold increase in the sensitivity of isoproterenol-stimulated adenylate cyclase activity to inhibition by carbamylcholine. Membranes from hearts of hatched chicks which had been injected with pertussis toxin were incapable of reconstituting muscarinic inhibition of adenylate cyclase activity in homogenates of hearts 3 1/2 days in ovo. These data support the conclusion that early in embryonic development coupling of muscarinic receptors to inhibition of adenylate cyclase activity is limited by the availability of a pertussis toxin substrate.
mesh_terms: D037361:Adenylate Cyclase Toxin; D000067956:Adenylyl Cyclase Inhibitors; D000818:Animals; D002217:Carbachol / Q000494:pharmacology; D002457:Cell Extracts / Q000494:pharmacology*; D002462:Cell Membrane / Q000032:analysis*; D002642:Chick Embryo; D002645:Chickens; D006160:Guanosine Triphosphate / Q000494:pharmacology; D006321:Heart / Q000196:embryology*; D007545:Isoproterenol / Q000494:pharmacology; D009206:Myocardium / Q000201:enzymology*; D037342:Pertussis Toxin; D011813:Quinuclidinyl Benzilate / Q000378:metabolism; D011976:Receptors, Muscarinic / Q000378:metabolism*; D014020:Tissue Extracts / Q000494:pharmacology*; D010566:Virulence Factors, Bordetella / Q000494:pharmacology
chemical_list: D037361:Adenylate Cyclase Toxin; D000067956:Adenylyl Cyclase Inhibitors; D002457:Cell Extracts; D011976:Receptors, Muscarinic; D014020:Tissue Extracts; D010566:Virulence Factors, Bordetella; D011813:Quinuclidinyl Benzilate; D006160:Guanosine Triphosphate; D002217:Carbachol; D037342:Pertussis Toxin; D007545:Isoproterenol