title: Metal-responsive elements act as positive modulators of human metallothionein-IIA enhancer activity.
abstract: The human metallothionein IIA (hMT-IIA) gene contains two enhancer elements whose activity is induced by heavy-metal ions such as Cd2+. To determine the nature of the relationship between the metal-responsive elements and the element(s) responsible for the basal activity of the enhancers, the basal-level enhancer element(s), the hMT-IIA enhancers were subjected to mutational analysis. We show that deletion of the metal-responsive elements had no effect on the basal activity of the enhancer but prevented further induction by Cd2+. On the other hand, replacement of the basal-level enhancer element with linker DNA led to inactivation of the enhancer both before and after treatment with Cd2+. Therefore, the metal-responsive elements seems to act as a positive modulator of enhancer function in the presence of heavy-metal ions. In addition to the two enhancers, the hMT-IIA promoter contained one other element, the GC box, required for its basal expression. Unlike deletion of the basal-level enhancer element, replacement of the GC box with linker DNA had no effect on the ability of the promoter to be induced by Cd2+.
mesh_terms: D001483:Base Sequence; D002104:Cadmium / Q000494:pharmacology; D004742:Enhancer Elements, Genetic; D005786:Gene Expression Regulation / Q000187:drug effects; D005809:Genes, Regulator; D006801:Humans; D008668:Metallothionein / Q000235:genetics*; D009154:Mutation; D011401:Promoter Regions, Genetic
chemical_list: D002104:Cadmium; D008668:Metallothionein