title: A study of cephalo-facial measurements from age 20 to 80 in Jat-Sikh and Bania females of Punjab (India).
abstract: The sample consists of 502 Jat-Sikh and 510 Bania females ranging in age from 20 to 80 years. Most of the measurements of head and face have shown a trend of increase up to fifth or sixth decade followed by a decrease, with intermittent fluctuations. Nose length and nose breadth have shown a trend of continuous increase up to the last age group. But this increase or decrease observed for these measurements during successive age-groups is significant only in few age-groups. On an average, the Jat-Sikh females possess significantly bigger heads, however some measurements like bigonial breadth, morphological upper facial length and nose breadth are significantly larger in Banias. The head is generally dolichocephal, with broad upper face and medium jugo-mandibular index in both the communities. The maximum frequency of Jat-Sikh females possess leptorhinae noses, whereas in Banias there is a transition from leptorhinae to mesorhinae noses.
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000367:Age Factors; D000368:Aged; D000369:Aged, 80 and over; D000375:Aging; D000885:Anthropology, Physical; D002508:Cephalometry; D005145:Face / Q000033:anatomy & histology*; D005147:Facial Bones / Q000033:anatomy & histology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007194:India; D008875:Middle Aged