title: Contribution of whole blood L-lactate, pyruvate, D-lactate, acetoacetate, and 3-hydroxybutyrate concentrations to the plasma anion gap in horses with intestinal disorders.
abstract: Increased anion gap (AG) was due, in part, to L-lactic acidosis in 14 of 14 horses with intestinal disorders. In a few horses, increased whole blood concentrations of D-lactate made a minor contribution to the AG. However, the increase in AG was often greater than the sum of the increases in these 2 acid anions. This unexplained increase was not a result of increases in whole blood pyruvate, 3-hydroxybutyrate, or acetoacetate concentrations or serum albumin or phosphate concentrations. Identification of other anions causing increased AG could lead to better understanding, diagnosis, and treatment of metabolic imbalances in critically ill horses.
mesh_terms: D020155:3-Hydroxybutyric Acid; D000090:Acetoacetates / Q000097:blood*; D000136:Acid-Base Equilibrium; D000818:Animals; D006734:Horse Diseases / Q000097:blood*; D006736:Horses; D006885:Hydroxybutyrates / Q000097:blood*; D007410:Intestinal Diseases / Q000097:blood / Q000662:veterinary*; D007773:Lactates / Q000097:blood*
chemical_list: D000090:Acetoacetates; D006885:Hydroxybutyrates; D007773:Lactates; D020155:3-Hydroxybutyric Acid