title: The significance of past mania or hypomania in the course and outcome of major depression.
abstract: Patients with primary major depression (N = 372) were followed for 2 years to determine the prognostic importance of past manic or hypomanic episodes. While bipolar I and bipolar II patients were more likely to relapse and bipolar I patients were more likely to attempt suicide, these patients resembled nonbipolar depressed patients in likelihood of recovery and psychosocial impairment in various areas. Compared to nonbipolar patients, those with bipolar I depression were much more likely to develop mania, while bipolar II patients were more likely to develop hypomania. Cycling during the index episode predicted a relatively low likelihood of recovery for bipolar I patients but had no apparent prognostic significance for patients with bipolar II illness.
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001714:Bipolar Disorder / Q000150:complications / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000523:psychology; D003866:Depressive Disorder / Q000150:complications / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000523:psychology; D003937:Diagnosis, Differential; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006760:Hospitalization; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D010043:Outcome and Process Assessment, Health Care; D013997:Time Factors