title: In-vitro techniques: can they replace animal testing?
abstract: In-vitro tests for the long-term safety evaluation of drugs offer certain advantages. Specific properties of drugs can be identified including mutagenic and carcinogenic effects. The mechanisms leading to toxicity can be assessed. Tissue from several species, including man, can be examined. These tests should reduce the number of animal tests required for screening new drugs.
mesh_terms: D000826:Animal Testing Alternatives; D000818:Animals; D002470:Cell Survival / Q000187:drug effects; D003276:Contraceptives, Oral / Q000009:adverse effects; D006801:Humans; D066298:In Vitro Techniques; D009152:Mutagenicity Tests; D013089:Spermatocidal Agents / Q000009:adverse effects; D013329:Structure-Activity Relationship; D014116:Toxicology / Q000379:methods*
chemical_list: D003276:Contraceptives, Oral; D013089:Spermatocidal Agents