title: Urea synthesis from ammonia in periportal and pericentral regions of the liver lobule. Effect of oxygen.
abstract: Rates of urea synthesis were determined in periportal and pericentral regions of the liver lobule in perfused liver from fed, phenobarbital-treated rats by measuring the extra O2 consumed upon infusion of NH4Cl with miniature O2 electrodes and from decreases in NADPH fluorescence detected with micro-light-guides. Urea synthesis by the perfused rat liver supplemented with lactate (5 mM), ornithine (2 mM) and methionine sulfoximine (0.15 mM), an inhibitor of glutamine synthetase, was stimulated by stepwise infusion of NH4Cl at doses ranging from 0.24 mM to 3.0 mM. A good correlation (r = 0.92) between decreases in NADPH fluorescence and urea production was observed when the NH4Cl concentration was increased. Sublobular rates of O2 uptake were determined by placing miniature oxygen electrodes on periportal or pericentral regions of the lobule on the liver surface, stopping the flow and measuring decreases in oxygen tension. From such measurements local rates of O2 uptake were calculated in the presence and absence of NH4Cl and local rates of urea synthesis were calculated from the extra O2 consumed in the presence of NH4Cl and the stoichiometry between O2 uptake and urea formation. Rates of urea synthesis were also estimated from the fractional decrease in NADPH fluorescence, caused by NH4Cl infusion in each region, measured with micro-light-guides and the rate of urea synthesis by the whole organ. When perfusion was in the anterograde direction, maximal rates of urea synthesis, calculated from changes in fluorescence, were 177 +/- 31 mumol g-1 h-1 and 61 +/- 24 mumol g-1 h-1 in periportal and pericentral regions, respectively. When perfusion was in the retrograde direction, however, rates were 76 +/- 23 mumol g-1 h-1 in periportal areas and 152 +/- 19 mumol g-1 h-1 in pericentral regions. During perfusion in the anterograde direction, urea synthesis, calculated by changes in O2 uptake, was 307 +/- 76 mumol g-1 h-1 and 72 +/- 34 mumol g-1 h-1 in periportal and pericentral regions, respectively. When perfusion was in the retrograde direction, urea was synthesized at rates of 54 +/- 17 mumol g-1 h-1 and 387 +/- 99 mumol g-1 h-1 in periportal and pericentral regions, respectively. Thus, maximal rates of urea synthesis were dependent upon the direction of perfusion. In addition, rates of urea synthesis were elevated dramatically in periportal regions when the flow rate per gram liver was increased (e.g. 307 versus 177 mumol g-1 h-1).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
mesh_terms: D000641:Ammonia / Q000378:metabolism*; D000818:Animals; D005260:Female; D008099:Liver / Q000378:metabolism*; D009249:NADP / Q000378:metabolism; D010100:Oxygen / Q000494:pharmacology*; D010101:Oxygen Consumption; D010477:Perfusion; D051381:Rats; D011919:Rats, Inbred Strains; D013050:Spectrometry, Fluorescence; D014508:Urea / Q000096:biosynthesis*
chemical_list: D009249:NADP; D000641:Ammonia; D014508:Urea; D010100:Oxygen