title: Chromosomal polymorphisms of 1, 9, 16, and Y in 4 major ethnic groups: a large prenatal study.
abstract: Using trypsin Giemsa banding (GTG), major polymorphisms of the constitutive heterochromatin regions of chromosome 1, 9, 16, and Y were recorded in a New York City population. Polymorphisms were recorded from amniotic fluid specimens received from 6,250 patients from 4 major population groups, ie, White (European)-2,334 cases, American Black-1,795 cases, Hispanic descent-1,737 cases, and Asian (Oriental and Indian)-384 cases. The major chromosomal polymorphisms were classified as follows: obvious pericentric inversion of the constitutive heterochromatin of the long arm of the chromosome (inv qh); significantly enlarged heterochromatic region of the long arm (qh + is greater than, or equal to, twice the size of the short arm of chromosome 16 [16p]); very small or deficient heterochromatic region in the long arm (qh-); large Y (Yq + greater than size of chromosome 18), small Y (Yq- less than size of a G-group chromosome), and pericentric inversion of Y. Our prenatal study confirmed that the incidence of specific chromosomal variants is different in each population group. The most striking examples of this are the pericentric inversion of chromosome 9 and the different polymorphisms of the Y chromosome. The incidence of inv (9) is highest in the Black population (3.57%); slightly above average in Hispanics (2.42%); and relatively low in Whites (0.73%) and Asians (0.26%). The Y appears to be more variable in Asian (3.37%) and Hispanic (1.82%) than in White or Black groups. The 9qh+ is seen more frequently than 1qh+, or 16qh+. Inv (1), 9qh-, and 16qh- are rare. There were no cases of either 1qh- or inv (16).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
mesh_terms: D000653:Amniotic Fluid / Q000166:cytology; D002871:Chromosome Banding; D002877:Chromosomes, Human / Q000648:ultrastructure*; D002878:Chromosomes, Human, Pair 1 / Q000648:ultrastructure; D002885:Chromosomes, Human, Pair 16 / Q000648:ultrastructure; D002899:Chromosomes, Human, Pair 9 / Q000648:ultrastructure; D005006:Ethnicity; D005260:Female; D006570:Heterochromatin / Q000648:ultrastructure; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D009519:New York City; D011110:Polymorphism, Genetic; D014998:Y Chromosome / Q000648:ultrastructure
chemical_list: D006570:Heterochromatin