title: Botulinum toxin for benign essential blepharospasm, hemifacial spasm and age-related lower eyelid entropion.
abstract: Purified botulinum A exotoxin was used in the treatment of forty seven patients with benign essential blepharospasm, 11 patients with hemifacial spasm and 2 patients with age-related entropion. The treatment was effective in all three groups for an average of 3-4 months when symptoms recurred and repeated chemodenervation with toxin was needed. The commonest complication was transient ptosis with an overall frequency of 7.8%. This incidence increased to 11.1% with toxin doses higher than 25 units per orbicularis. The treatment was well accepted by the patients, who were subsequently able to return to pre-blepharospasm lifestyles.
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001764:Blepharospasm / Q000188:drug therapy*; D001905:Botulinum Toxins / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D004774:Entropion / Q000188:drug therapy*; D005141:Eyelid Diseases / Q000188:drug therapy*; D005152:Facial Muscles; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007267:Injections; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D013035:Spasm / Q000188:drug therapy*
chemical_list: D001905:Botulinum Toxins