Regulation of the activity of eukaryotic peptide elongation factor 1 by autocatalytic phosphorylation.
Highly purified peptide elongation factor 1 from rabbit reticulocytes liberates the terminal phosphate from [gamma-32P]GTP and incorporates it into its own protein. Approximately one phosphate residue becomes bound by one molecule of the factor. Only the eEF-1 alpha subunit of the factor (Mr 53 000) becomes phosphorylated as revealed by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis in the presence of sodium dodecyl sulfate followed by autoradiography and by the incubation of [gamma-32P]GTP with individual subunits of the elongation factor separated by chromatofocusing in the presence of 5 M urea. The phosphorylation also takes place, though to a lesser extent, if the factor is incubated with Na2H32PO4, probably due to the presence of endogenous GTP bound in the molecule of the factor. The content of endogenous GTP in various factor preparations was 0.21-0.43 mol/mol factor. Phosphorylation of the peptide elongation factor is ribosome-independent, acid-labile and apparently autocatalytic since no other proteins are required for this reaction. Preincubation of the factor with GTP or with inorganic phosphate results in the phosphorylation of the factor and is followed by an enhanced binding of phenylalanyl-tRNA to 80S ribosomes in the presence of poly(U). This is accompanied by a dephosphorylation of the factor protein and thus the reversible autophosphorylation of the factor apparently activates its binding site for aminoacyl-tRNA. This is supported by the observation that sodium fluoride, which inhibits the dephosphorylation of the factor, blocks the factor-catalyzed binding of aminoacyl-tRNA to ribosomes. The incorporation of phosphate into factor protein also inhibits the formation of an eEF-1 X GDP complex, which is inactive in protein synthesis. Thus GDP liberated by the GTPase activity of the factor cannot affect its binding site for aminoacyl-tRNA. This may be the other reason for the enhanced activity of the phosphorylated factor. The autocatalytic GTP-dependent phosphorylation of the peptide elongation factor 1 apparently modifies its function and may thus play a regulatory role in protein synthesis.
D000818:Animals; D001665:Binding Sites; D002384:Catalysis; D020963:GTP Phosphohydrolase-Linked Elongation Factors / Q000097:blood; D066298:In Vitro Techniques; D020648:Peptide Elongation Factor 1; D010445:Peptide Elongation Factors / Q000378:metabolism*; D010710:Phosphates / Q000494:pharmacology; D010766:Phosphorylation; D011072:Poly U / Q000502:physiology; D012346:RNA, Transfer, Amino Acyl / Q000378:metabolism / Q000494:pharmacology; D011817:Rabbits; D012156:Reticulocytes / Q000201:enzymology; D012270:Ribosomes / Q000378:metabolism
D020648:Peptide Elongation Factor 1; D010445:Peptide Elongation Factors; D010710:Phosphates; D012346:RNA, Transfer, Amino Acyl; D011072:Poly U; D020963:GTP Phosphohydrolase-Linked Elongation Factors