Cigarette smoking, alcohol consumption and fetal outcome in Tasmania 1981-82.
Analysis of cigarette smoking and alcohol consumption patterns recorded in pregnancy could not detect a harmful effect of alcohol at levels below 2 glasses a day. Total abstainers fared very slightly worse than those who drank occasionally. Smoking was associated with lower birth-weight and a worse fetal outcome independent of socioeconomic status, parity, maternal age or alcohol consumption. There was evidence of an interaction between smoking and adverse social and parity factors in low birth-weight.
D000328:Adult; D000428:Alcohol Drinking; D001034:Apgar Score; D001315:Australia; D001724:Birth Weight; D000013:Congenital Abnormalities / Q000209:etiology*; D005260:Female; D063647:Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorders / Q000209:etiology*; D006801:Humans; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D008423:Maternal Age; D010298:Parity; D011247:Pregnancy; D011248:Pregnancy Complications / Q000209:etiology*; D012306:Risk; D012907:Smoking; D012959:Socioeconomic Factors