Skeletal and dental changes following functional regulator therapy on class II patients.
Craniofacial growth in 100 patients treated with the functional regulator of Fränkel for about 24 months was compared with craniofacial growth seen in a matched group of untreated persons with Class II malocclusion. Both conventional and geometric cephalometric analyses were used to evaluate the skeletal and dental adaptations. This study shows several clear effects of treatment in either of two age ranges considered. The principal skeletal effect was advancement of the mandible along the direction of the facial axis. This advancement resulted in increases in mandibular length and in vertical facial dimensions. There was little effect of treatment upon maxillary skeletal structures with the exception of point A, which moved slightly posteriorly. Dentoalveolar adaptations due to treatment included a decrease in the normal forward movement of the upper molar and an increase in the normal vertical movement of the lower molar. There was a 2-mm posterior movement of the tip of the upper incisor but minimal anterior tipping of the lower incisor.
D000202:Activator Appliances; D002508:Cephalometry / Q000379:methods; D002648:Child; D005147:Facial Bones / Q000033:anatomy & histology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008310:Malocclusion / Q000628:therapy*; D008312:Malocclusion, Angle Class II / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000628:therapy*; D008334:Mandible / Q000033:anatomy & histology / Q000254:growth & development; D008437:Maxilla / Q000033:anatomy & histology / Q000254:growth & development; D008445:Maxillofacial Development; D009295:Nasal Bone / Q000033:anatomy & histology; D009666:Nose / Q000033:anatomy & histology; D009968:Orthodontic Appliances, Removable; D012658:Sella Turcica / Q000033:anatomy & histology; D014070:Tooth / Q000033:anatomy & histology*; D014087:Tooth Movement Techniques / Q000379:methods; D014716:Vertical Dimension