Antimicrobial therapy in dialysis patients. I. Penicillins and cephalosporins.
Antibiotic therapy, using penicillins or cephalosporins, is frequently required in patients on maintenance hemodialysis. Points to consider are dose adjustment for drugs which are excreted via the kidney, drug dialysability, and cumulation with frequent occurrence of side reactions, neurotoxicity and bleeding being the clinically most important ones. For third-generation cephalosporins with N-methylthiotetrazole side chain, impaired intrahepatic vitamin K metabolism may cause problems of hemostasis which can be avoided by dose adjustment and prophylactic administration of vitamin K1.
D001424:Bacterial Infections / Q000150:complications / Q000188:drug therapy*; D001835:Body Weight; D002511:Cephalosporins / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000378:metabolism / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D004334:Drug Administration Schedule; D006470:Hemorrhage / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000188:drug therapy; D006801:Humans; D007676:Kidney Failure, Chronic / Q000150:complications; D007700:Kinetics; D010403:Penicillin Resistance; D010406:Penicillins / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000378:metabolism / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D006435:Renal Dialysis; D013777:Tetrazoles / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000097:blood; D010837:Vitamin K 1 / Q000097:blood / Q000627:therapeutic use
D002511:Cephalosporins; D010406:Penicillins; D013777:Tetrazoles; C038625:1-N-methyl-5-thiotetrazole; D010837:Vitamin K 1