[Production technology and use of composite materials in the aeronautics industry, risks and pathology in the manufacturing workers].
The type and applications of composite materials have increased greatly during the last forty years, particularly in the aircraft and aerospace industries. The foreseeable increase of the employment of composite materials in future needs an adequate engagement in finding out health risks involved with technological processes. Composite materials - considered as a close union between a continuous glass, aramid or carbon reinforcing fibre and a epoxy matrix - present several advantages over traditional materials. Structural epoxy adhesives are defined as complex formulated systems. By mixing a large number of ingredients a formulated resin is obtained, which represents the start of the production process for adhesive manufacture. The most important ingredients such as catalysts, accelerators, the groups of epoxy monomers and oligomers, additives most used and their role into the epoxy matrices are illustrated. Of the various technologies existing for the fabrication of aircraft structures the one so called "vacuum bag" is described. The knowledge of the chemical composition of the substances used in the production of composite materials and epoxy adhesives allows to verify the possible existence of hazard for workers health. Among the potentially dangerous chemicals, epoxy monomers and oligomers, catalysts, accelerators are to be considered. The metabolism and the mechanisms of toxicity of epoxides are summarized. However the toxic effects of most epoxides are far from being wholly investigated. In man epoxides ingestion, inhalation or absorption through the skin can lead to several toxic effects: irritation and sensitisation, alterations of liver and nervous function. Finally some epoxides are considered to be carcinogenic in animals and in man; however for many compounds, the results are not yet conclusive. From what it is said above come out the necessity of a careful sanitary control of the workers exposed to these hazards, control that is made difficult by the lack of adequate biological indices for the risks found.
D000181:Acrylonitrile / Q000009:adverse effects; D000401:Aircraft; D055598:Chemical Phenomena; D002621:Chemistry; D004853:Epoxy Resins / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000138:chemical synthesis / Q000378:metabolism; D005898:Glass; D006801:Humans; D009369:Neoplasms / Q000209:etiology; D009784:Occupational Diseases / Q000209:etiology*; D010636:Phenols / Q000009:adverse effects; D011009:Pneumoconiosis / Q000209:etiology; D011108:Polymers / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000138:chemical synthesis
D004853:Epoxy Resins; C039578:Kevlar Aramid fibers; D010636:Phenols; D011108:Polymers; C009753:fiberglass; D000181:Acrylonitrile
Tecnologie di produzione e impiego di materiali compositi nell'industria aeronautica, rischi e patologia negli addetti alle lavorazioni.