title: Characterization of responses of isolated rat hepatocytes to ATP and ADP.
abstract: In isolated rat hepatocytes, ATP and ADP (10(-6) M) rapidly mobilize intracellular Ca2+ and increase the concentration of free cytosolic Ca2+ ([Ca2+]i) within 1-2 s. The increase in [Ca2+]i is maximal (2.5- to 3-fold) by about 10 s and is dose-dependent, with ATP and ADP being half-maximally effective at 8 X 10(-7) and 3 X 10(-7) M, respectively. At submaximal concentrations, the rise in [Ca2+]i is transient due to hydrolysis of the agonist. The increase in [Ca2+]i in response to ATP or ADP can be potentiated by low concentrations of glucagon (10(-9) M). In addition, the [Ca2+]i rise can be antagonized in a time- and dose-dependent manner by the tumor promoter 4 beta-phorbol 12 beta-myristate 13 alpha-acetate. Adenosine, at concentrations as high as 10(-4) M, does not alter [Ca2+]i. AMP is ineffective at 10(-5) M, but at 10(-4) M it increases [Ca2+]i approximately 1.5-fold after a 30-s lag and at a slow rate. Conversely, high concentrations (10(-4) M) of adenosine and AMP increases cell cAMP about 2- to 3-fold. ATP and ADP, at concentrations (10(-6) M) which near-maximally increase [Ca2+]i, do not affect hepatocyte cAMP. ATP and ADP increase the cellular level of myoinositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate (IP3), the putative second messenger for Ca2+ mobilization. The increase in IP3 is dose-dependent and precedes or is coincident with the [Ca2+]i rise. There is an approximate 20% increase in IP3 with concentrations of ATP or ADP which near-maximally induce other physiological responses. It is concluded that submicromolar concentrations of ATP and ADP mobilize intracellular Ca2+ and activate phosphorylase in hepatocytes due to generation of IP3. These effects may involve P2-purinergic receptors. In contrast adenosine and AMP interact with P1 (A2)-purinergic receptors to increase cAMP.
mesh_terms: D000244:Adenosine Diphosphate / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000255:Adenosine Triphosphate / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000818:Animals; D002118:Calcium / Q000378:metabolism; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D004789:Enzyme Activation; D005934:Glucagon / Q000494:pharmacology; D006868:Hydrolysis; D015544:Inositol 1,4,5-Trisphosphate; D007295:Inositol Phosphates / Q000378:metabolism; D008099:Liver / Q000187:drug effects*; D008297:Male; D010762:Phosphorylase a / Q000378:metabolism; D051381:Rats; D011919:Rats, Inbred Strains; D013755:Tetradecanoylphorbol Acetate / Q000494:pharmacology; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D007295:Inositol Phosphates; D000244:Adenosine Diphosphate; D015544:Inositol 1,4,5-Trisphosphate; D000255:Adenosine Triphosphate; D005934:Glucagon; D010762:Phosphorylase a; D013755:Tetradecanoylphorbol Acetate; D002118:Calcium