title: Mutagenic/carcinogenic agents in indoor pollutants; the dinitropyrenes generated by kerosene heaters and fuel gas and liquefied petroleum gas burners.
abstract: Incomplete combustion of kerosene heater, and fuel gas and liquefied petroleum gas-burner emissions produces indoor pollutants that may be carcinogenic. The incomplete-combustion products from each type of appliance were therefore collected by adsorption on about 3 g of XAD-2 resin, and were extracted with benzene-methanol as a solvent for determination and identification of mutagens in the Salmonella-microsome test system. Benzene-methanol extracts of the particulates generated by a heater and two burners showed extreme mutagenicity for strains TA97 and TA98 without S9 mix. Based on the results of analysis, a combination of high performance liquid chromatography (h.p.l.c.) and gas chromatography (GC), about 40-80% of the direct-acting mutagenicity in each crude extract showed the same h.p.l.c. and GC retention times as dinitropyrenes (1,3-, 1,6- and 1,8-isomers), and 1-nitropyrene. Moreover, other nitroarenes, 2-nitrofluorene, 1,5- and 1,8-dinitronaphthalene, and 4,4'-dinitrobiphenyl, were detectable in almost all samples, but their contribution to the mutagenicity of each extract was very low. Kerosene heaters were found to generate small amounts (0.2 ng/h) of dinitropyrenes, which are potential mutagens/carcinogens, only after 1 h of operation.
mesh_terms: D000393:Air Pollutants / Q000633:toxicity*; D002273:Carcinogens / Q000494:pharmacology*; D002849:Chromatography, Gas / Q000379:methods; D002851:Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid / Q000379:methods; D005579:Fossil Fuels; D008834:Microclimate; D009152:Mutagenicity Tests / Q000379:methods; D009153:Mutagens / Q000494:pharmacology*; D009154:Mutation; D011721:Pyrenes / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology*; D012486:Salmonella typhimurium / Q000187:drug effects
chemical_list: D000393:Air Pollutants; D002273:Carcinogens; D005579:Fossil Fuels; D009153:Mutagens; D011721:Pyrenes; C033310:1,8-dinitropyrene; C033309:1,6-dinitropyrene; C037413:1,3-dinitropyrene