title: Perspectives on the regulatory biology of the B lymphocyte.
abstract: B lymphocytes with receptors specific for a particular hapten have been prepared through an antigen-affinity procedure. Methods have been developed for the clonal stimulation of these cells in vitro, with a single, hapten-specific B cell as the unequivocal target. Many stimulatory combinations involve multivalent antigen and one or more antigen non-specific, non-MHC restricted T lymphocyte-derived growth and differentiation factors. These factors, of which there are at least 4 or 5, are progressively being defined and should soon become available through recombinant DNA technology. Judicious use of factor combinations and selected antigens should soon answer whether "T-independent" and "T-dependent" B cells are truly separate subsets. A contact between multivalent antigen and immature B cell in the absence of these co-stimulatory factors can lead to the receipt and storage of a negative signal by the B cell. The B cell is not killed, but rather rendered anergic. Whether clonal anergy among B cells is an important mechanism in physiologic self-tolerance remains to be determined.
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000917:Antibody Formation; D000941:Antigens / Q000276:immunology; D001402:B-Lymphocytes / Q000145:classification / Q000166:cytology / Q000276:immunology*; D002454:Cell Differentiation; D006801:Humans; D007108:Immune Tolerance; D008213:Lymphocyte Activation; D008222:Lymphokines / Q000276:immunology
chemical_list: D000941:Antigens; D008222:Lymphokines