title: [In vitro susceptibilities of causative organisms isolated from patients with primary respiratory tract infections to BRL 25000 (clavulanic acid/amoxicillin)].
abstract: The in vitro susceptibilities of various causative organisms recently isolated from patients with primary respiratory tract infections to BRL 25000 (a formulation of amoxicillin, 2 parts, and potassium clavulanate, 1 part), amoxicillin (AMPC), cefaclor (CCL), cephalexin (CEX), cefadroxil (CDX) and cefroxadine (CXD) were determined. beta-Lactamase producing strains were detected by nitrocefin chromogenic method and PCG acidometric method. The frequency of isolation of beta-lactamase production in strains of S. aureus, H. influenzae, B. catarrhalis and K. pneumoniae was 92%, 18%, 36% and 98%, respectively. Against S. aureus strains with MIC values to AMPC of less than or equal to 100 micrograms/ml and CEX of less than or equal to 25 micrograms/ml BRL 25000 showed MIC values in the range 0.39-6.25 micrograms/ml with inocula of 10(6) CFU/ml, while BRL 25000 required 12.5-100 micrograms/ml of concentrations for inhibition of the strains with MIC values to AMPC of greater than 100 micrograms/ml and CEX of greater than or equal to 25 micrograms/ml. Against S. pyogenes and S. pneumoniae BRL 25000 showed MIC values in the range less than 0.024-0.10 micrograms/ml with inocula of 10(6) CFU/ml, which is much more active than CCL, CEX, CDX and CXD and slight less active than AMPC. Against H. influenzae and B. catarrhalis BRL 25000 showed MIC values in the range 0.20-6.25 micrograms/ml with inocula of 10(6) CFU/ml, which showed most potent activity among the agents tested. The activity of BRL 25000 against K. pneumoniae was approximately equal to that of CCL and superior to that of AMPC, CEX, CDX and CXD.
mesh_terms: D000658:Amoxicillin / Q000494:pharmacology*; D019980:Amoxicillin-Potassium Clavulanate Combination; D001419:Bacteria / Q000187:drug effects* / Q000302:isolation & purification; D002433:Cefaclor / Q000494:pharmacology; D002434:Cefadroxil / Q000494:pharmacology; D002506:Cephalexin / Q000494:pharmacology; D002515:Cephradine / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000494:pharmacology; D002969:Clavulanic Acids / Q000494:pharmacology*; D004338:Drug Combinations / Q000494:pharmacology; D004341:Drug Evaluation; D006801:Humans; D012141:Respiratory Tract Infections / Q000382:microbiology*; D001618:beta-Lactamases / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D002969:Clavulanic Acids; D004338:Drug Combinations; D002434:Cefadroxil; D002433:Cefaclor; D019980:Amoxicillin-Potassium Clavulanate Combination; D000658:Amoxicillin; C012671:cefroxadine; D001618:beta-Lactamases; D002515:Cephradine; D002506:Cephalexin