title: Cocaine's use in ophthalmology: our 100-year heritage.
abstract: One hundred years ago the fledgling ophthalmologist Carl Koller demonstrated that the alkaloid cocaine was a local anesthetic suitable for rendering the eye temporarily insensible to pain. It was an event of historical significance, as his discovery opened the door not only to a new era in ophthalmic surgery, but to surgery in general. In this paper we review the ancient uses of the coca leaf, the historical events leading up to and following Koller's discovery, and the present day uses of cocaine in ophthalmology and medicine.
mesh_terms: D000772:Anesthesia, Local / Q000266:history*; D003042:Cocaine / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000266:history* / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use; D005060:Europe; D013502:General Surgery / Q000266:history; D049669:History, 16th Century; D049670:History, 17th Century; D049671:History, 18th Century; D049672:History, 19th Century; D049673:History, 20th Century; D049691:History, Medieval; D006801:Humans; D007199:Indians, South American; D009885:Ophthalmology / Q000266:history*; D014481:United States
chemical_list: D003042:Cocaine