title: Controlled endoscopic retrieval of ectopic ureteral catheters using fluoroscopic guidance.
abstract: The double-J ureteral catheter has been popularized as an ideal internal ureteral stent. Migration of the distal end of the catheter up the ureter, however, can complicate its safe removal. A safe, controlled method of stent extraction is described using a C-arm fluoroscopic unit.
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D005260:Female; D005471:Fluoroscopy; D005547:Foreign Bodies / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D005548:Foreign-Body Migration; D006801:Humans; D014513:Ureter; D014546:Urinary Catheterization / Q000295:instrumentation*