Sodium homeostasis after small-bowel resection.
In 16 small-bowel-resected patients, 8 with ileostomy and 8 with at least half of the colon in function, plasma volume, plasma aldosterone concentration, plasma renin activity, and the 4-day excretion of sodium and potassium in urine and stools were determined. Patients with ileostomy had a high faecal loss of sodium: 85-181 (median, 149) mmol/24 h, and were all more or less sodium-depleted with decreased plasma volume of 1.4-2.5 (median, 2.0) l/175 cm (normal range, 2.3-3.8l/175 cm), increased plasma aldosterone of 742-2250 (median, 1131) pg/ml (normal range, 33-220 pg/ml), and extremely low sodium excretion in the urine of 0-3 (median, 1) mmol/24 h. Patients with similar small-bowel resection but with at least half of the colon in function had a much smaller faecal sodium loss of 1-66 (median, 8) mmol/24 h. They showed significantly higher plasma volume, 2.2-3.7 (median, 2.6) l/175 cm; normal plasma aldosterone, 25-232 (median, 124) pg/ml; and normal or almost normal sodium excretion in the urine, 49-168 (median, 118) mmol/24 h. Six jejunostomy patients, who sustained a normal or almost normal sodium balance thanks to parenteral saline, had intravenous infusion over 6 h of 1000 ml isotonic sodium chloride with or without aldosterone added. During aldosterone infusion plasma aldosterone increased to the level in the sodium-depleted ileostomy patients. Urinary sodium excretion decreased significantly. Stomal sodium loss did not change. It is concluded that small-bowel resection in ileostomized patients causes excessive faecal sodium loss and results in chronic sodium depletion with severe secondary hyperaldosteronism.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
D000328:Adult; D000450:Aldosterone / Q000494:pharmacology; D001827:Body Height; D001835:Body Weight; D003106:Colon / Q000601:surgery; D003424:Crohn Disease / Q000601:surgery; D005260:Female; D006706:Homeostasis / Q000187:drug effects; D006801:Humans; D007081:Ileostomy / Q000009:adverse effects*; D007583:Jejunum / Q000601:surgery; D008286:Malabsorption Syndromes / Q000097:blood*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011183:Postoperative Complications; D012083:Renin / Q000097:blood; D012778:Short Bowel Syndrome / Q000097:blood* / Q000150:complications / Q000209:etiology; D012964:Sodium / Q000378:metabolism*; D014883:Water-Electrolyte Imbalance / Q000209:etiology
D000450:Aldosterone; D012964:Sodium; D012083:Renin