title: Principles and application of internal fixation in cattle.
abstract: The principles of bone healing and vascular and periosteal responses are considered in relation to different methods of fracture fixation and complications. Advantages and disadvantages of the available internal fixation devices are reviewed for the fractures that most commonly occur in the different age groups.
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001858:Bone Nails / Q000662:veterinary; D001860:Bone Plates / Q000662:veterinary; D001863:Bone Screws / Q000662:veterinary; D001864:Bone Wires / Q000662:veterinary; D002417:Cattle; D002418:Cattle Diseases / Q000601:surgery*; D005260:Female; D005593:Fracture Fixation, Internal / Q000662:veterinary*; D050723:Fractures, Bone / Q000601:surgery / Q000662:veterinary*; D008297:Male; D019736:Prostheses and Implants / Q000662:veterinary*; D014945:Wound Healing