title: [ELISA detection of protamine antibodies].
abstract: Protamine is frequently used as an adjuvant in insulin preparations. As alien protein protamine is immunogenic. We developed an ELISA for detection of protamine antibodies. As a strongly basic molecule protamine shows remarkable reactivity. Resulting methodical difficulties with regard to the assay are discussed. The course of antibody titres to protamine after immunization is shown in rabbits, goats, sheep and guinea pigs with positive results in all species. In humans protamine antibodies were detectable in 4% of 150 patients treated with protamine insulins.
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D003922:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1 / Q000276:immunology*; D004797:Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; D006041:Goats; D006168:Guinea Pigs; D006801:Humans; D007124:Immunoenzyme Techniques; D007330:Insulin Antibodies / Q000032:analysis*; D049528:Insulin, Long-Acting / Q000276:immunology*; D011479:Protamines / Q000276:immunology; D011817:Rabbits; D012756:Sheep
chemical_list: D007330:Insulin Antibodies; D049528:Insulin, Long-Acting; D011479:Protamines
vernacular_title: ELISA-Nachweis von Protaminantikörpern.