title: Bronchopulmonary dysplasia. Chronic pulmonary disease following neonatal respiratory failure.
abstract: Infants with respiratory failure in the first weeks of life may develop a chronic pulmonary condition called bronchopulmonary dysplasia. Their lungs have areas of atelectasis and areas of air trapping from variable obstruction of the airways. These infants may be dependent on supplemental oxygen or a ventilator and may require hospitalization for months, and have symptoms of airway obstruction which last for years. They require meticulous medical management to avoid a number of common complications such as patent ductus arteriosus, cor pulmonale, tracheal stenosis, recurrent aspiration, and death. The condition of most infants improves over the first two years. Preliminary studies suggest that their exercise and pulmonary function is usually close to normal by school-age. The long-term implications for the increasing number of children with this disease who will soon reach adulthood are still unknown.
mesh_terms: D001249:Asthma / Q000150:complications; D001997:Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia / Q000175:diagnosis / Q000209:etiology / Q000628:therapy; D004374:Ductus Arteriosus, Patent / Q000150:complications; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D006819:Hyaline Membrane Disease / Q000150:complications; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D008173:Lung Diseases, Obstructive / Q000150:complications; D007752:Obstetric Labor, Premature; D010100:Oxygen / Q000633:toxicity; D011247:Pregnancy; D012121:Respiration, Artificial / Q000009:adverse effects; D012131:Respiratory Insufficiency / Q000150:complications
chemical_list: D010100:Oxygen