title: [Experimental models of 2-stage carcinogenesis].
abstract: The regularities observed in the experiments carried out by the two-stage scheme (initiation-promotion) are considered. Apart from the mouse skin in which these regularities are established, the phenomenon of initiation-promotion is reproduced on the epithelial tumours of the liver, bladder, colon, thyroid, mammary gland, epithelial and mesenchymal tumours of the uterus. The following properties of the promoters are listed: lack of mutagenicity; weak carcinogenicity towards the target organ; threshold of the promoting effect; cessation of carcinogenesis after the promoting treatment has been stopped; organotropism. Approaches and principles of chemical compound testing for cocarcinogenic and promoting activity are considered.
mesh_terms: D000310:Adrenal Gland Neoplasms / Q000139:chemically induced; D000818:Animals; D002273:Carcinogens / Q000633:toxicity; D002369:Castration; D003043:Cocarcinogenesis; D004195:Disease Models, Animal; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D005260:Female; D007414:Intestinal Neoplasms / Q000139:chemically induced; D007420:Intestine, Large; D007680:Kidney Neoplasms / Q000139:chemically induced; D008114:Liver Neoplasms, Experimental / Q000139:chemically induced; D008175:Lung Neoplasms / Q000139:chemically induced; D051379:Mice; D009374:Neoplasms, Experimental / Q000139:chemically induced*; D051381:Rats; D012878:Skin Neoplasms / Q000139:chemically induced; D013997:Time Factors; D001749:Urinary Bladder Neoplasms / Q000139:chemically induced; D014594:Uterine Neoplasms / Q000139:chemically induced
chemical_list: D002273:Carcinogens
vernacular_title: Eksperimental'nye modeli dvukhstadiĭnogo kantserogeneza.