title: The influence of roasting procedure on the formation of mutagenic compounds in coffee.
abstract: Mutagenic products can be formed during the processing of food and especially as a result of heat treatment. Direct acting mutagenic activity was found in extracts of instant coffee and roasted coffee beans using Salmonella typhimurium TA100 in vitro. The mutagenic activities of the four pure coffee varieties examined (Coffea arabica Santos, Coffea arabica Columbia, Coffee robusta Indonesia, Coffee robusta Camerun) were within the same range. Twenty milligrams per plate freeze-dried powder prepared from aqueous roast coffee extracts induced between six and ten times the number of revertants found in the negative controls. Green coffee beans had no mutagenic activity. Mutagenicity increased with roasting time up to 4 min in the Probat drum roaster and then remained constant (i.e. no further increase after 8 min, the time normally used to roast coffee). The genotoxic compounds were quickly formed at temperatures below 220 degrees C (in normally roasted coffee the beans must reach a temperature of 220 degrees C). Mutagenic activity was independent of the roasting procedure (Jetzon procedure v. Probat drum roaster).
mesh_terms: D003069:Coffee / Q000032:analysis*; D006358:Hot Temperature; D009153:Mutagens / Q000032:analysis*; D012486:Salmonella typhimurium / Q000187:drug effects; D013696:Temperature; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D003069:Coffee; D009153:Mutagens