title: [Molecular mechanisms of initiation and promotion of multistage chemical carcinogenesis].
abstract: Multistage carcinogenesis is the process of development of neoplastic changes, including the successive stages of initiation and promotion which occur in a strict order. This process is subject to the application of a similarly strict sequence of exo-and/or endogenous carcinogenic factors, either of which alone is incapable of tumor induction. Initiation includes the phases of metabolic activation, interaction of reactive metabolites with DNA and fixation of induced lesion. It is the stage of development of such primary mutation lesions of genotype of target-cells as the irreversible transition of these cells to an "initiated" status (predisposition to transformation). Promotion is the stage of quantitative and quantitative-qualitative changes including secondary epigenomic reversible lesions of the phenotype (gene expression) of initiated cells. This process culminates in irreversible transformation of cells.
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002273:Carcinogens; D002471:Cell Transformation, Neoplastic / Q000139:chemically induced; D006801:Humans; D009154:Mutation; D009369:Neoplasms / Q000139:chemically induced* / Q000235:genetics
chemical_list: D002273:Carcinogens
vernacular_title: Molekuliarnye mekhanizmy initsiatsii i promotsii mnogostadiĭnogo khimicheskogo kantserogeneza.