title: Pharmacology and pharmacokinetics of drugs used to treat cardiac disease in horses.
abstract: The rational therapy of cardiovascular disease in horses requires a thorough knowledge of the pharmacology and pharmacokinetics of several specific drugs (digitalis, digoxin). Calcium solutions, dopamine, and dobutamine are frequently used to treat congestive heart failure in horses. Quinidine, procainamide, lidocaine, and propranolol are used to treat a variety of supraventricular and ventricular arrhythmias. Furosemide, a highly potent loop diuretic, is used to eliminate edema and promote diuresis. A thorough understanding of the applied pharmacology, dosage recommendations, toxicity, and practical considerations must be attained before these drugs can be used effectively.
mesh_terms: D000284:Administration, Oral; D000818:Animals; D001145:Arrhythmias, Cardiac / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000662:veterinary; D002317:Cardiovascular Agents / Q000378:metabolism / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D004077:Digoxin / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use; D004232:Diuretics / Q000627:therapeutic use; D004280:Dobutamine / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use; D004298:Dopamine / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use; D004334:Drug Administration Schedule; D004487:Edema / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000209:etiology; D006331:Heart Diseases / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000378:metabolism / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000662:veterinary*; D006333:Heart Failure / Q000150:complications / Q000628:therapy / Q000662:veterinary; D006339:Heart Rate / Q000187:drug effects; D006439:Hemodynamics / Q000187:drug effects; D006734:Horse Diseases / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000378:metabolism / Q000503:physiopathology; D006736:Horses; D007275:Injections, Intravenous; D008012:Lidocaine / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use; D011342:Procainamide / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use; D011433:Propranolol / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use; D011802:Quinidine / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use
chemical_list: D002317:Cardiovascular Agents; D004232:Diuretics; D004280:Dobutamine; D004077:Digoxin; D008012:Lidocaine; D011433:Propranolol; D011802:Quinidine; D011342:Procainamide; D004298:Dopamine