Mechanisms of insulin resistance in non-insulin-dependent (type II) diabetes.
Characteristic of both obesity and non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus, insulin resistance is triggered at the level of the target tissue and can be induced by three general categories of causes: (1) an abnormal beta cell secretory product, (2) circulating insulin antagonists, or (3) a target tissue defect in insulin action. Decreased numbers of insulin receptors and a post-receptor defect in insulin action both play relative roles in insulin resistance. A general trend, however, indicates that as insulin resistance increases, the post-receptor defect becomes more prominent. Impaired glucose uptake and subsequent increased hepatic glucose oxidation in non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus are major contributing factors to fasting hyperglycemia.
D001323:Autoantibodies / Q000276:immunology; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000378:metabolism*; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D005215:Fasting; D005230:Fatty Acids, Nonesterified / Q000494:pharmacology; D005947:Glucose / Q000096:biosynthesis; D005951:Glucose Tolerance Test; D006801:Humans; D007328:Insulin / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism; D007329:Insulin Antagonists / Q000494:pharmacology; D007333:Insulin Resistance; D000078790:Insulin Secretion; D007515:Islets of Langerhans / Q000378:metabolism; D008099:Liver / Q000378:metabolism; D009154:Mutation; D009765:Obesity / Q000378:metabolism; D011972:Receptor, Insulin / Q000276:immunology
D001323:Autoantibodies; D005230:Fatty Acids, Nonesterified; D007328:Insulin; D007329:Insulin Antagonists; D011972:Receptor, Insulin; D005947:Glucose