Mutagenicity of ambient aerosol collected in an urban and industrial area of The Netherlands.
To investigate the influence of the densely populated and heavily industrialized Rijnmond area of The Netherlands on the genotoxicity of the ambient aerosol, aerosol samples were collected at locations within the area, and at a coastal region located upwind. The mutagenicity of extracts of the samples was compared in the Salmonella/microsome test. The dependence of the effects on sampling time and on sampling location was investigated with the aid of a series of simple mathematical models. These models were also used to estimate the increase in mutagenicity above background levels at the sites in the Rijnmond area due to emissions within that area. Application of the models showed that the clear and significant increases are not merely a result of the additions of mutagens emitted, but that possibly interactions between sampling time- and location-dependent factors play a role. Comparison of the results obtained with the different Ames-test variants (different strains, with and without liver homogenate) indicate that the conclusions concerning the time and location dependence of the effect were not dependent on the variant used.
D000393:Air Pollutants / Q000032:analysis*; D000395:Air Pollutants, Occupational / Q000032:analysis*; D000818:Animals; D001711:Biotransformation; D002980:Climate; D005843:Geography; D006801:Humans; D008862:Microsomes, Liver / Q000378:metabolism; D009152:Mutagenicity Tests / Q000379:methods; D009153:Mutagens / Q000302:isolation & purification* / Q000494:pharmacology; D009154:Mutation; D009426:Netherlands; D051381:Rats; D012486:Salmonella typhimurium / Q000187:drug effects; D013997:Time Factors; D014505:Urban Population
D000393:Air Pollutants; D000395:Air Pollutants, Occupational; D009153:Mutagens