Glipizide: a second-generation sulfonylurea hypoglycemic agent. Pharmacology, pharmacokinetics and clinical use.
Glipizide is a second-generation sulfonylurea in which the substitutions on the arylsulfonylurea nucleus are large, relatively nonpolar groups. This chemical change increases the intrinsic hypoglycemic activity of the molecule 100-fold on a weight basis compared to first-generation agents. In addition, the pharmacokinetic properties, spectrum and severity of side effects and metabolism of this agent are somewhat different from those of first-generation sulfonylureas. The most important component of the antidiabetic action of glipizide is its effect in potentiating insulin action. Glipizide-mediated increases in nutrient-stimulated insulin secretion may contribute to its antidiabetic action. The drug is effective in controlling the blood glucose in patients with noninsulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. It is at least as effective as and probably more effective than first-generation sulfonylureas in controlling hyperglycemia in diabetes. Glipizide is relatively free of serious side effects and is contraindicated principally in patients with significant liver or kidney disease.
D000818:Animals; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000378:metabolism; D055598:Chemical Phenomena; D002621:Chemistry; D002986:Clinical Trials as Topic; D003924:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / Q000188:drug therapy*; D004285:Dogs; D005913:Glipizide / Q000378:metabolism / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D005905:Glyburide / Q000378:metabolism / Q000494:pharmacology; D006207:Half-Life; D006801:Humans; D007328:Insulin / Q000378:metabolism; D000078790:Insulin Secretion; D007700:Kinetics; D008099:Liver / Q000378:metabolism; D051379:Mice; D010179:Pancreas / Q000187:drug effects; D051381:Rats; D012709:Serum Albumin / Q000378:metabolism; D013453:Sulfonylurea Compounds / Q000627:therapeutic use*
D001786:Blood Glucose; D007328:Insulin; D012709:Serum Albumin; D013453:Sulfonylurea Compounds; D005905:Glyburide; D005913:Glipizide