Factors contributing to variability in drug pharmacokinetics. IV. Renal excretion.
The renal excretion of drugs is mainly controlled by three factors: glomerular filtration, tubular secretion and tubular reabsorption. Only relatively polar drugs are excreted in appreciable amounts by the kidneys. Factors affecting renal excretion of drugs include: kidney function, protein binding, urine pH and urine flow. Impaired renal function may lead to a clinically significant accumulation of drugs eliminated by the kidneys, if more than 50% of the dose is normally excreted unchanged in the urine and the renal function is less than 50% of the normal value. Successful removal of a drug by dialysis requires that it possesses a polar character, low protein binding and a small to moderate volume of distribution.
D001711:Biotransformation; D006801:Humans; D006863:Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; D007668:Kidney / Q000378:metabolism*; D007674:Kidney Diseases / Q000378:metabolism; D007677:Kidney Function Tests; D007684:Kidney Tubules / Q000378:metabolism; D007700:Kinetics; D004364:Pharmaceutical Preparations / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000652:urine; D012079:Renal Circulation; D006435:Renal Dialysis
D004364:Pharmaceutical Preparations