A fish oil diet rich in eicosapentaenoic acid reduces cyclooxygenase metabolites, and suppresses lupus in MRL-lpr mice.
Dietary supplementation of fish oil as the exclusive source of lipid suppresses autoimmune lupus in MRL-lpr mice. This marine oil diet decreases the lymphoid hyperplasia regulated by the lpr gene, prevents an increase in macrophage surface Ia expression, reduces the formation of circulating retroviral gp70 immune complexes, delays the onset of renal disease, and prolongs survival. We show that a fatty acid component uniquely present in fish oil but not in vegetable oil decreases the quantity of dienoic prostaglandin E, thromboxane B, and prostacyclin normally synthesized by multiple tissues, including kidney, lung, and macrophages, and promotes the synthesis of small amounts of trienoic prostaglandin in autoimmune mice. We suggest that this change in endogenous cyclooxygenase metabolite synthesis directly suppresses immunologic and/or inflammatory mediators of murine lupus.
D000818:Animals; D015232:Dinoprostone; D005231:Fatty Acids, Unsaturated / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D005260:Female; D005395:Fish Oils / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D000949:Histocompatibility Antigens Class II / Q000032:analysis; D006801:Humans; D007166:Immunosuppressive Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage*; D008180:Lupus Erythematosus, Systemic / Q000178:diet therapy / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000473:pathology; D008213:Lymphocyte Activation / Q000187:drug effects; D008264:Macrophages / Q000276:immunology / Q000378:metabolism; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D008817:Mice, Mutant Strains; D009821:Oils / Q000008:administration & dosage; D011451:Prostaglandin-Endoperoxide Synthases / Q000378:metabolism*; D011458:Prostaglandins E / Q000096:biosynthesis; D011507:Proteinuria / Q000178:diet therapy; D012450:Safflower Oil / Q000008:administration & dosage; D013929:Thromboxane B2 / Q000096:biosynthesis
D005231:Fatty Acids, Unsaturated; D005395:Fish Oils; D000949:Histocompatibility Antigens Class II; D007166:Immunosuppressive Agents; D009821:Oils; D011458:Prostaglandins E; C033266:Menhaden oil; D013929:Thromboxane B2; D012450:Safflower Oil; D011451:Prostaglandin-Endoperoxide Synthases; D015232:Dinoprostone