[Post-synthetic modification of proteins].
Process of postsynthetic modifications of proteins in norm are considered. Two basic groups of modification processes are singled out: 1) processes which promote appearance of derivatives for 20 basic amino acids, i.e. change in the primary structure; 2) processes which are not associated with appearance of new amino acids but are responsible mainly for the changes in the polypeptide chain conformation and size. Modification processes of amino acid variations by means of methylation, acetylation, acylation, phosphorylation, ADP-ribosylation, glycosylation, amidation, hydroxylation and metal addition are described as referred to the first group. Proteolysis reactions are characterized in detail. Their significance for formation of biologically active peptides is considered. A notion "one gene--one protein" is thought to be incompetent because formation of a number of proteins necessitates participation of tens and hundreds of genes, coding enzymes of postsynthetic modification.
D000107:Acetylation; D000595:Amino Acid Sequence; D000596:Amino Acids / Q000378:metabolism; D000818:Animals; D055598:Chemical Phenomena; D002621:Chemistry; D006801:Humans; D006868:Hydrolysis; D008745:Methylation; D010766:Phosphorylation; D014176:Protein Biosynthesis; D011487:Protein Conformation; D011499:Protein Processing, Post-Translational; D011506:Proteins / Q000235:genetics / Q000378:metabolism
D000596:Amino Acids; D011506:Proteins
Postsinteticheskaia modifikatsiia belkov.