Comparison of monounsaturated fatty acids and carbohydrates for lowering plasma cholesterol.
To examine the effects of dietary fatty acids and carbohydrate on plasma lipids and lipoproteins, 11 patients with a mean plasma total cholesterol level of 251 +/- 10 mg per deciliter were studied on a metabolic ward during three dietary periods, each lasting four weeks. A liquid diet rich in monounsaturated fatty acids ("High-Mono") and a diet low in fat ("Low-Fat") were compared with a diet high in saturated fatty acids ("High-Sat"). The High-Sat and High-Mono diets contained 40 percent of their total calories as fat and 43 percent as carbohydrate; the Low-Fat diet had 20 percent fat and 63 percent carbohydrate. Body weight was kept constant by adjusting total caloric intake. As compared with the High-Sat diet, both the High-Mono and Low-Fat diets lowered plasma total cholesterol (by 13 percent and 8 percent, respectively) and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (by 21 percent and 15 percent, respectively). As compared with the High-Sat diet, the Low-Fat diet raised triglyceride levels and significantly reduced plasma high-density lipoprotein cholesterol. In contrast, the High-Mono diet had no effect on levels of triglycerides or high-density lipoprotein cholesterol. The ratio of low-density to high-density lipoprotein cholesterol was also significantly lower when the High-Mono diet rather than the Low-Fat diet was followed. Therefore, in short-term studies in which liquid diets are used and body weight is kept constant, a diet rich in monounsaturated fatty acids appears to be at least as effective in lowering plasma cholesterol as a diet low in fat and high in carbohydrate.
D000368:Aged; D002784:Cholesterol / Q000097:blood*; D008076:Cholesterol, HDL / Q000097:blood; D008078:Cholesterol, LDL / Q000097:blood; D004040:Dietary Carbohydrates / Q000494:pharmacology*; D004041:Dietary Fats / Q000494:pharmacology*; D005231:Fatty Acids, Unsaturated / Q000494:pharmacology*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D019301:Oleic Acid; D009829:Oleic Acids / Q000494:pharmacology; D014280:Triglycerides / Q000097:blood
D008076:Cholesterol, HDL; D008078:Cholesterol, LDL; D004040:Dietary Carbohydrates; D004041:Dietary Fats; D005231:Fatty Acids, Unsaturated; D009829:Oleic Acids; D014280:Triglycerides; D019301:Oleic Acid; D002784:Cholesterol