title: The efficacy of alpha-ketoglutaric acid in the antagonism of cyanide intoxication.
abstract: It has been reported that compounds containing carbonyl groups can readily react with cyanide. Pyruvic acid, an alpha-ketocarboxylic acid, has been shown to antagonize the lethal effects of cyanide. It is suggested that its mechanism of action rests in its ability to react with or "bind" cyanide. In this study, alpha-ketoglutaric acid, also an alpha-ketocarboxylic acid, was evaluated for its ability to counteract the lethal effects of cyanide. alpha-Ketoglutaric acid increased the LD50 value of cyanide (6.7 mg/kg) by a factor of five, a value statistically equivalent to that ascertained in mice pretreated with sodium thiosulfate and sodium nitrite. The combination of alpha-ketoglutaric acid and sodium thiosulfate increased the LD50 value of cyanide to 101 mg/kg. Addition of sodium nitrite to the alpha-ketoglutaric acid/sodium thiosulfate regimen increased the LD50 value of cyanide to 119 mg/kg. Unlike sodium nitrite, no induction of methemoglobin formation was observed with alpha-ketoglutaric acid pretreatment. It is apparent from these studies that the administration of alpha-ketoglutaric acid in conjunction with sodium thiosulfate resulted in fewer animal deaths than sodium nitrite and sodium thiosulfate without the dangerous formation of methemoglobin.
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D003486:Cyanides / Q000633:toxicity*; D007656:Ketoglutaric Acids / Q000494:pharmacology*; D007928:Lethal Dose 50; D008297:Male; D008706:Methemoglobin / Q000378:metabolism; D051379:Mice; D011190:Potassium Cyanide / Q000633:toxicity*; D012977:Sodium Nitrite / Q000494:pharmacology; D013885:Thiosulfates / Q000494:pharmacology
chemical_list: D003486:Cyanides; D007656:Ketoglutaric Acids; D013885:Thiosulfates; D008706:Methemoglobin; C017717:sodium thiosulfate; D012977:Sodium Nitrite; D011190:Potassium Cyanide