title: Imperforate anus in females: frequency of genital tract involvement, incidence of associated anomalies, and functional outcome.
abstract: Of 162 female patients with imperforate anus, 21% had a noncommunicating and 79% a communicating anomaly of the rectum or anus. Associated anatomical abnormalities were found in the lower urinary tract (15%), upper urinary tract (25%), lower genital tract (27%), upper genital tract (35%), and additional organ systems (51%). Death occurred in 26 patients and in 19, this was attributed to the associated abnormalities. Functional outcome was assessed in those patients 13 years of age or older. Bowel function was normal or near normal in 85%, as was urinary and renal function. In 44% of patients evaluated, there was persistent vaginal abnormality or scarring and in 25%, this was severe enough to require future surgery.
mesh_terms: D000015:Abnormalities, Multiple; D000293:Adolescent; D001006:Anus, Imperforate / Q000150:complications* / Q000601:surgery; D001746:Bladder Exstrophy / Q000150:complications; D002988:Cloaca; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D006869:Hydronephrosis / Q000150:complications; D007409:Intestinal Atresia; D007422:Intestines / Q000503:physiopathology; D007668:Kidney / Q000002:abnormalities; D012007:Rectum / Q000002:abnormalities*; D014551:Urinary Tract / Q000503:physiopathology; D014599:Uterus / Q000002:abnormalities; D014621:Vagina / Q000002:abnormalities / Q000503:physiopathology