title: Gamma interferon activates human macrophages to become tumoricidal and leishmanicidal but enhances replication of macrophage-associated mycobacteria.
abstract: Recombinant human gamma interferon (rIFN-gamma) was examined for its ability to activate human peripheral blood monocyte-derived macrophages to kill tumor cells and to affect the replication of two phylogenetically distinct intracellular pathogens, Mycobacterium tuberculosis and Leishmania donovani. Macrophages preincubated overnight with doses of rIFN-gamma from 5 to 500 U/ml killed [3H]thymidine-labeled mouse L929 tumor targets, as measured by the release of [3H]thymidine into the supernatant after 48 h. Counts of macrophages initially infected with leishmania promastigotes showed that rIFN-gamma-pretreated macrophages could both inhibit the replication of and kill the resulting intramacrophage amastigotes over a 7-day period. However, rIFN-gamma pretreatment of macrophages actually enhanced mycobacterial replication over a 5- to 7-day period, as assessed by (i) counting acid-fast bacilli or (ii) lysing macrophages to release bacteria and determining the numbers of viable units. Mycobacterial growth was not affected by rIFN-gamma in the absence of macrophages. rIFN-gamma pretreatment had opposite effects on the uptake of mycobacteria and leishmania. As many as 80% fewer activated macrophages ingested mycobacteria compared with controls, whereas 50% more activated macrophages were infected with leishmania. These results suggest that rIFN-gamma may interfere with the immune destruction of intracellular tubercle bacilli and that the mechanisms of immunity against mycobacteria and leishmania may differ.
mesh_terms: D003602:Cytotoxicity, Immunologic; D006801:Humans; D007111:Immunity, Cellular; D007371:Interferon-gamma / Q000276:immunology*; D007893:Leishmania donovani / Q000276:immunology*; D008264:Macrophages / Q000276:immunology* / Q000382:microbiology; D009169:Mycobacterium tuberculosis / Q000254:growth & development / Q000276:immunology*; D009374:Neoplasms, Experimental / Q000276:immunology*; D011994:Recombinant Proteins
chemical_list: D011994:Recombinant Proteins; D007371:Interferon-gamma