title: Inhibition of chloride secretion by BaCl2 in the rectal gland of the spiny dogfish, Squalus acanthias.
abstract: In the rectal gland of the spiny dogfish (Squalus acanthias), chloride enters the cell via a cotransport system together with sodium and potassium in a 2 Cl-: 1 Na+: 1 K+ stoichiometry. The system is energized by the electrochemical potential for sodium directed into the cell. Sodium is extruded from the cell by Na-K-ATPase located on the basolateral cell membrane. Chloride leaks into the lumen following a favorable electrical gradient. Potassium is thought to recirculate across the basolateral cell membrane. Since barium ions inhibit the efflux of potassium from cells we used barium chloride to explore the role of potassium in the process of stimulated secretion of chloride by the gland. The secretion of chloride was stimulated with theophylline 2.5 X 10(-4)M and dibutyryl cyclic AMP 5 X 10(-5)M. Ba++ inhibited the secretion of chloride in a way that was reversible and dose dependent. The reduction in secretion was associated with a parallel fall in transglandular electrical potential. Inhibition was half maximal at a concentration of Ba++ of 10(-3)M. The reduction in efflux of potassium produced by Ba++ presumably decreases the potassium diffusion potential, thus reducing the electronegativity of the cell and dissipating the driving force for chloride across the apical cell membrane. Recirculation of K+ across the basolateral border of the cell would thus be essential for the maintenance of chloride secretion by the gland.
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001464:Barium / Q000494:pharmacology*; D017609:Barium Compounds; D001693:Biological Transport, Active / Q000187:drug effects; D002712:Chlorides / Q000378:metabolism*; D004284:Dogfish / Q000378:metabolism*; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D004563:Electrochemistry; D005260:Female; D008297:Male; D008564:Membrane Potentials / Q000187:drug effects; D012007:Rectum; D012491:Salt Gland / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology*; D012754:Sharks / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D017609:Barium Compounds; D002712:Chlorides; C024986:barium chloride; D001464:Barium