title: Bidirectional control of cytosolic free calcium by thyrotropin-releasing hormone in pituitary cells.
abstract: It is now established that a key step in the action of calcium-mobilizing agonists is stimulation of the hydrolysis of phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate (PtdIns(4,5)P2) to 1,2-diacylglycerol and inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate (InsP3). The latter substance acts as a second messenger, controlling the release of calcium from intracellular stores (see ref. 3 for review). The bifurcating nature of the signalling system is exemplified by the fact that the other product of PtdIns(4,5)P2 hydrolysis, 1,2-diacylglycerol, can alter cellular function by activating protein kinase C, the cellular target for several tumour-promoting agents such as the phorbol esters. In various tissues, including GH3 pituitary tumour cells, a synergistic interaction between calcium ions and protein kinase C underlies agonist-induced changes in cell activity. The data presented here suggest that when GH3 cells are stimulated by thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH), an agonist inducing PtdIns(4,5)P2 hydrolysis, the two limbs of the inositol lipid signalling system interact to control free cytosolic calcium levels [( Ca2+]i). At low levels of TRH receptor occupancy, [Ca2+]i increases rapidly, then declines relatively slowly. As receptor occupancy increases, the calcium signal becomes more short-lived due to the appearance of a second, inhibitory, component. This latter component, which is enhanced when [Ca2+]i is elevated by high potassium depolarization, is mimicked by active phorbol esters and by bacterial phospholipase C. It seems likely that protein kinase C subserves a negative feedback role in agonist-induced calcium mobilization.
mesh_terms: D002118:Calcium / Q000378:metabolism*; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D003593:Cytoplasm / Q000378:metabolism; D004075:Diglycerides / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D015544:Inositol 1,4,5-Trisphosphate; D007295:Inositol Phosphates / Q000378:metabolism; D010911:Pituitary Neoplasms / Q000378:metabolism*; D011189:Potassium Chloride / Q000494:pharmacology; D013755:Tetradecanoylphorbol Acetate / Q000494:pharmacology; D013973:Thyrotropin-Releasing Hormone / Q000494:pharmacology*; D010738:Type C Phospholipases / Q000494:pharmacology
chemical_list: D004075:Diglycerides; D007295:Inositol Phosphates; D013973:Thyrotropin-Releasing Hormone; D011189:Potassium Chloride; D015544:Inositol 1,4,5-Trisphosphate; D010738:Type C Phospholipases; D013755:Tetradecanoylphorbol Acetate; D002118:Calcium