title: The use of botulinum toxin in the medical management of benign essential blepharospasm.
abstract: Twenty-eight patients with mild or moderate cases of benign essential blepharospasm were treated with botulinum toxin Type A. Average follow-up was six months. The injection technique used on these patients is illustrated. The treatment was effective in virtually all patients treated, although transient; the mean interval of relief of spasm was approximately two and one-half months. Potential side effects include ptosis and epiphora. Botulinum toxin as an initial treatment or as an adjunct in postsurgical residual blepharospasm shows promise in this preliminary study.
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001764:Blepharospasm / Q000188:drug therapy*; D001905:Botulinum Toxins / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D004341:Drug Evaluation; D005141:Eyelid Diseases / Q000188:drug therapy*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D011446:Prospective Studies
chemical_list: D001905:Botulinum Toxins