title: Vasculopathic hepatotoxicity associated with E-Ferol syndrome in low-birth-weight infants.
abstract: A fatal syndrome characterized by progressive clinical deterioration with unexplained thrombocytopenia, renal dysfunction, cholestasis, and ascites developed in certain infants throughout the United States who had received E-Ferol, an intravenous vitamin E supplement. We reviewed the clinical course of all 36 infants from one (index) nursery who had received E-Ferol, which contains 25 units per milliliter of dl-alpha-tocopheryl acetate solubilized with 9% polysorbate 80 and 1% polysorbate 20. The syndrome was recognized in eight of the 36 infants; affected infants had a lower birth weight (less than 1,200 g) and had received a higher total dose of E-Ferol for longer periods than the unaffected cases. We reviewed autopsy-derived tissue from 20 infants (six from the index nursery and 14 from three other collaborating nurseries) who had received the intravenous vitamin E preparation in a reported dose of 25 to 137 units/kg/day for six to 45 days between October 1983 and March 1984. The hepatic histology in the affected cases indicated a progressive injury characterized initially by Kupffer cell exfoliation, central lobular accumulation of cellular debris, and centrally accentuated panlobular congestion. Prolonged exposure to E-Ferol was associated with progressive intralobular cholestasis, inflammation of hepatic venules, and extensive sinusoidal veno-occlusion by fibrosis. We propose that vasculocentric hepatotoxicity is the basis for the observed clinical syndrome that represents the cumulative effect of one or more of the constituents of E-Ferol.
mesh_terms: D001344:Autopsy; D056486:Chemical and Drug Induced Liver Injury; D002780:Cholestasis, Intrahepatic / Q000139:chemically induced; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007230:Infant, Low Birth Weight; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D007674:Kidney Diseases / Q000139:chemically induced* / Q000473:pathology; D008099:Liver / Q000098:blood supply; D008107:Liver Diseases / Q000473:pathology; D008297:Male; D010289:Parenteral Nutrition, Total / Q000009:adverse effects; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D013577:Syndrome; D013997:Time Factors; D024505:Tocopherols; D014810:Vitamin E / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000031:analogs & derivatives*; D024502:alpha-Tocopherol / Q000031:analogs & derivatives*
chemical_list: D014810:Vitamin E; D024502:alpha-Tocopherol; D024505:Tocopherols