title: Oil refinery effluents: evidence of cocarcinogenic activity in the trout embryo microinjection assay.
abstract: Extracts prepared from oil refinery effluents (soxhlet and XAD-2) were tested for carcinogenic potential by means of the rainbow trout (Salmo gairdneri) embryo-injection bioassay. No neoplasms were detected in fish given injections of refinery extracts alone (with and without exogenous rat S-9 activation). Refinery extracts coinjected with aflatoxin B1 induced elevated frequencies of hepatic neoplasms. This cocarcinogenic effect was most pronounced when aflatoxin B1 was preincubated with rat S-9 prior to injection. Effluent extracts coinjected with a direct-acting carcinogen [N-methyl-N'-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine (CAS: 56-57-5)] did not increase the incidence of hepatic neoplasms (with and without exogenous S-9 activation).
mesh_terms: D016604:Aflatoxin B1; D000348:Aflatoxins; D000818:Animals; D001711:Biotransformation; D001842:Bone and Bones / Q000002:abnormalities; D002274:Carcinogens, Environmental; D003043:Cocarcinogenesis; D005648:Fuel Oils / Q000633:toxicity*; D007220:Industrial Waste / Q000009:adverse effects*; D008113:Liver Neoplasms / Q000139:chemically induced; D008769:Methylnitronitrosoguanidine; D008845:Microinjections; D009152:Mutagenicity Tests; D009153:Mutagens; D010578:Petroleum / Q000633:toxicity*; D051381:Rats; D014337:Trout / Q000196:embryology; D014873:Water Pollutants / Q000633:toxicity*; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical / Q000633:toxicity*
chemical_list: D000348:Aflatoxins; D002274:Carcinogens, Environmental; D005648:Fuel Oils; D007220:Industrial Waste; D009153:Mutagens; D010578:Petroleum; D014873:Water Pollutants; D014874:Water Pollutants, Chemical; D008769:Methylnitronitrosoguanidine; D016604:Aflatoxin B1