title: Enzyme immunoassay: an improved determination of urinary albumin in diabetics with incipient nephropathy.
abstract: An enzyme linked immunoadsorbent assay for urinary albumin using commercially available reagents is described. The assay range is 2.5-120 micrograms/l. When samples are analysed in two standard dilutions, the assayable albumin concentration range is 2.5-240 mg/l, covering the clinical range from normoalbuminuria to overt clinical nephropathy. Intra-assay variation was 2.1% and interassay variation 8.3%. Recovery of added albumin to urine was 95%-106% and dilution of urine was linear. The correlation to urinary albumin determined by immunodiffusion was excellent (n = 80, r = 0.99). Intraindividual variation of the 24 h urine albumin excretion of different days was high in patients with incipient diabetic nephropathy (51.5%) and was only slightly reduced by taking the variation of creatinine excretion into account (39.5%). No correlation was found between albumin excretion, and HbA1c or urine glucose excretion, indicating that minor metabolic variations are not responsible for the huge intraindividual day-to-day variations of UalbV. The study shows that more than one UalbV measurement must be done before classifying patients into groups with or without incipient diabetic nephropathy.
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D000419:Albuminuria; D003922:Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1 / Q000652:urine; D003928:Diabetic Nephropathies / Q000652:urine*; D004797:Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; D005260:Female; D006442:Glycated Hemoglobin / Q000652:urine; D006801:Humans; D005779:Immunodiffusion; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged
chemical_list: D006442:Glycated Hemoglobin