title: Cardiovascular and respiratory effects of acetylpromazine and xylazine on halothane-anesthetized horses.
abstract: Circulatory and respiratory effects of intravenously administered acetylpromazine (0.033 and 0.067 mg/kg) and xylazine (0.5 and 1.0 mg/kg) were studied in drug cross-over fashion in eight laterally recumbent horses anesthetized only with halothane (1.06%, end-tidal) in O2. Both doses of acetylpromazine caused a significant and sustained elevation in cardiac output via a rise in stroke volume. Xylazine produced an initial significant fall in cardiac output followed by a return to control levels. Halothane anesthesia did not prevent xylazine-related atrioventricular conduction block. All treatments caused a similar significant fall in arterial blood pressure (acetylpromazine, total peripheral resistance-related; xylazine, cardiac output-related). PaCO2 significantly increased after all treatments. PaCO2 decreased significantly only following xylazine treatment. One horse (not included in the tabulation) developed ventricular fibrillation and died 15 min after receiving its first injection (0.5 mg/kg) of xylazine.
mesh_terms: D000075:Acepromazine / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000768:Anesthesia, General / Q000662:veterinary*; D000818:Animals; D001794:Blood Pressure / Q000187:drug effects; D002245:Carbon Dioxide / Q000378:metabolism; D002302:Cardiac Output / Q000187:drug effects; D006221:Halothane; D006339:Heart Rate / Q000187:drug effects; D006439:Hemodynamics / Q000187:drug effects*; D006736:Horses / Q000502:physiology*; D012119:Respiration / Q000187:drug effects*; D013843:Thiazines / Q000494:pharmacology*; D013997:Time Factors; D014655:Vascular Resistance / Q000187:drug effects; D014991:Xylazine / Q000494:pharmacology*
chemical_list: D013843:Thiazines; D002245:Carbon Dioxide; D014991:Xylazine; D000075:Acepromazine; D006221:Halothane