Descending phlebography: a comparison of three methods and an assessment of the normal range of deep vein reflux.
Twenty-three legs in 13 patients without evidence of deep vein disease have been examined by descending phlebography using 3 techniques: with the patient semi-erect with no Valsalva manoeuvre with the patient semi-erect with a controlled Valsalva manoeuvre and with the patient supine with a standard Valsalva manoeuvre. It is concluded that the examination performed with the patient supine, using a standard Valsalva manoeuvre, is the most convenient and easiest to interpret of the variation. It is also suggested that deep vein reflux up to Grade 2 is within the normal range.
D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007866:Leg / Q000098:blood supply*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D010690:Phlebography / Q000379:methods*; D011187:Posture; D012016:Reference Values; D012039:Regional Blood Flow; D014636:Valsalva Maneuver