title: Calcium clamp of the intracellular environment.
abstract: Quantitative analysis of the effects of calcium on cell function requires methods for altering intracellular free Ca in a precise and reproducible manner. Microinjection of Ca is very unreliable largely because of the powerful Ca-binding properties of cytoplasm. Much more satisfactory are microinjection of Ca-buffers - provided enough buffer is introduced - and various forms of intracellular dialysis and perfusion which permit full equilibration of the cell interior with a defined artificial intracellular environment.
mesh_terms: D000313:Adrenal Medulla / Q000378:metabolism; D000331:Aequorin; D000818:Animals; D002021:Buffers; D002118:Calcium / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000032:analysis*; D002463:Cell Membrane Permeability; D002614:Chelating Agents; D002683:Chironomidae; D049832:Decapodiformes; D003902:Detergents; D003956:Dialysis; D004533:Egtazic Acid; D008264:Macrophages / Q000032:analysis; D008845:Microinjections; D010477:Perfusion; D011817:Rabbits; D012469:Salivary Glands / Q000032:analysis
chemical_list: D002021:Buffers; D002614:Chelating Agents; D003902:Detergents; D000331:Aequorin; D004533:Egtazic Acid; D002118:Calcium