title: Comparative in vitro activities of cefpiramide and apalcillin individually and in combination.
abstract: The in vitro activities of cefpiramide and apalcillin were compared with those of other third-generation cephalosporins and extended-spectrum penicillins against over 1,000 clinical bacterial isolates. The activity of cefpiramide against Pseudomonas aeruginosa was comparable to those of piperacillin and cefoperazone, inhibiting 90% of strains at concentrations less than or equal to 16.0 micrograms/ml. This drug was also active against a broad range of gram-negative organisms but was generally less active than many of the other cephalosporins tested against members of the family Enterobacteriaceae. The activity of cefpiramide against gram-positive organisms was comparable to that of cefoperazone. Apalcillin, along with ceftazidime, was the most active agent tested against P. aeruginosa and Acinetobacter calcoaceticus subsp. anitratus, inhibiting 90% of these strains at concentrations less than or equal to 8 micrograms/ml. Against other gram-negative and gram-positive organisms, its activity was similar to that of piperacillin. The activities of both cefpiramide and apalcillin were significantly reduced by the presence of several plasmid-mediated beta-lactamases in a series of otherwise isogenic strains of P. aeruginosa in comparison with their activities against a parent strain which lacks these enzymes. Many strains of Enterobacter cloacae were synergistically inhibited by the combination of gentamicin with either cefpiramide (5 of 10 strains) or apalcillin (6 of 10 strains). Most strains of P. aeruginosa were synergistically inhibited by the combination of gentamicin with either cefpiramide (8 of 10 strains) or apalcillin (10 of 10 strains). However, cefoxitin antagonized the activity of both cefpiramide and apalcillin against most of these same strains.
mesh_terms: D000667:Ampicillin / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000494:pharmacology; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000494:pharmacology; D001419:Bacteria / Q000187:drug effects*; D001424:Bacterial Infections / Q000382:microbiology; D002511:Cephalosporins / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology*; D004357:Drug Synergism; D004755:Enterobacteriaceae / Q000187:drug effects; D006801:Humans; D008826:Microbial Sensitivity Tests; D009287:Naphthyridines; D011550:Pseudomonas aeruginosa / Q000187:drug effects
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D002511:Cephalosporins; D009287:Naphthyridines; C012122:apalcillin; D000667:Ampicillin; C036666:cefpiramide