title: Assessment of serum bactericidal activity after administration of cefoperazone, cefotaxime, ceftizoxime, and moxalactam to healthy subjects.
abstract: Bactericidal activity in serum produced after administration of 1-g intravenous doses of cefoperazone, cefotaxime, ceftizoxime, and moxalactam was ascertained in six healthy subjects. The assay organisms were a strain of Staphylococcus aureus which was moderately susceptible to the drugs (MBC, 2 to 8 micrograms/ml) and an isolate of Escherichia coli which was highly susceptible (MBC, 0.08 to 0.3 microgram/ml). Drug concentrations and bactericidal titers were measured from samples taken for up to 12 h after the dose. No bactericidal activity against the S. aureus strain was found at 4 to 6 h and beyond for any of the drugs. Ranking of the in vivo bactericidal activity of the drugs was cefoperazone = cefotaxime greater than ceftizoxime = moxalactam. Against the E. coli isolate, bactericidal activity was present for 8 h for cefotaxime, and for 12 h for the other drugs. Ranking of the drugs in terms of extent and duration of in vivo bactericidal activity versus E. coli was moxalactam = ceftizoxime greater than cefoperazone greater than cefotaxime. After administration of 1-g doses of these new beta-lactams, bactericidal activity in serum was maintained for 12 h against highly susceptible bacteria. More frequent (6 to 8 h) or higher (greater than or equal to 2 g) dosing appears to be necessary to achieve prolonged serum bactericidal activity against less susceptible isolates (MBC, greater than or equal to 2 to 8 micrograms/ml).
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000008:administration & dosage* / Q000097:blood* / Q000627:therapeutic use; D001412:Bacillus subtilis / Q000187:drug effects; D002438:Cefoperazone / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000097:blood; D002439:Cefotaxime / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000097:blood; D015296:Ceftizoxime; D004926:Escherichia coli / Q000187:drug effects; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D009070:Moxalactam / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000097:blood; D013211:Staphylococcus aureus / Q000187:drug effects
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D002438:Cefoperazone; D015296:Ceftizoxime; D002439:Cefotaxime; D009070:Moxalactam