Short-, medium-, and long-term effects of prenatal oxazepam on neurobehavioural development of mice.
A benzodiazepine (oxazepam) was given to nulliparous mice on days 12-16 of pregnancy, and the development and young adult behaviour of the offspring were studied. Experiment 1, using 5, 15, and 50 mg/kg doses given PO twice daily, showed a dose-dependent retardation of postnatal development of several responses such as righting, bar holding, limb placing, and auditory startle. These changes were maximal in the first 2 postnatal weeks and then were markedly attenuated, or disappeared, being apparently related to a temporary retardation of body growth. A reduction of locomotor activity at 60 days was found only in the 50 mg/kg group. The effects of the 15 mg/kg dose on postnatal body growth and neurobehavioural development were replicated in Experiments 2 and 3. Moreover, in these experiments prenatal oxazepam reduced open field activity at 14-16 days and attenuated the hyperactivity induced by dl-amphetamine sulphate (2 mg/kg IP). On the other hand activity, habituation, and response to a scopolamine challenge (2 mg/kg IP) at 21-23 days were not significantly different from those of appropriate controls. Experiment 3, using a cross-fostering procedure, showed that postnatal maternal effects were not responsible for the changes so far mentioned. Experiment 2 also investigated the acquisition of several go-no go avoidance discriminations in a shuttle-box, using either light (L) or buzzer noise (N) as the "go" signal, a compound "no go" signal (NL in the L-"go" groups and LN in the N-"go" groups), and either an extinction or a passive avoidance contingency during the "no go" signal (4 weeks of training, starting at 60 days).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
D000661:Amphetamine / Q000494:pharmacology; D000818:Animals; D001362:Avoidance Learning / Q000187:drug effects; D001522:Behavior, Animal / Q000187:drug effects*; D005260:Female; D006130:Growth Disorders / Q000139:chemically induced; D007859:Learning Disabilities / Q000139:chemically induced; D051379:Mice; D009043:Motor Activity / Q000187:drug effects; D009422:Nervous System Diseases / Q000139:chemically induced*; D009425:Nesting Behavior / Q000187:drug effects; D010076:Oxazepam / Q000633:toxicity*; D011247:Pregnancy; D011297:Prenatal Exposure Delayed Effects; D012601:Scopolamine / Q000494:pharmacology; D013997:Time Factors
D010076:Oxazepam; D000661:Amphetamine; D012601:Scopolamine