title: Bladder cancer risk and pipes, cigars, and smokeless tobacco.
abstract: Interview data from 2982 patients with bladder cancer and 5782 controls selected from the general population were used to assess the effects of non-cigarette tobacco use on bladder cancer risk. Compared to men who had never smoked, those who had smoked pipes but not cigars or cigarettes had a relative risk estimated at 1.23 (95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.75-2.00). Those who smoked cigars but not pipes or cigarettes were estimated to have a relative risk of 1.33 (95% CI = 0.92-1.94). Little evidence of dose response was observed. The excess relative risk to pipe smokers was limited to those who inhaled deeply.
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012306:Risk; D012907:Smoking; D001749:Urinary Bladder Neoplasms / Q000209:etiology*