title: Pars interarticularis stress reaction, spondylolysis, and spondylolisthesis in gymnasts.
abstract: The spectrum of posterior element, vertebral injury in the young gymnast ranges from stress reaction to spondylolisthesis. Hyperextension and repetitive microtrauma lead to such injuries in young athletes. Early recognition may lead to a more favorable clinical outcome.
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D001265:Athletic Injuries / Q000209:etiology* / Q000628:therapy; D002648:Child; D005260:Female; D050723:Fractures, Bone / Q000628:therapy; D006173:Gymnastics; D006801:Humans; D008159:Lumbar Vertebrae / Q000293:injuries*; D008297:Male; D012737:Sex Factors; D013168:Spondylolisthesis / Q000209:etiology* / Q000628:therapy; D013169:Spondylolysis / Q000209:etiology* / Q000628:therapy; D013314:Stress, Mechanical; D009626:Terminology as Topic