title: Nitrous oxide exposure during routine anaesthetic work. Measurement of biologic exposure from urine samples and technical exposure by bag sampling.
abstract: Nitrous oxide exposure in a modern hospital during routine anaesthetic work was measured using a technical exposure measurement technique and compared to measurement of biologic exposure from urine samples. The study included different anaesthetic situations and also a study of the efficiency of close scavenging and general air-conditioning in reducing nitrous oxide exposure. Exposure to nitrous oxide varied greatly. The mean nitrous oxide exposure in the total material was 53 ppm corresponding to approximately half the Swedish control limit (100 ppm) for 8 h time-weighted average (TWA). The only anaesthetic situation regularly resulting in 8 h TWA exposure exceeding the control limit was paediatric anaesthesia (92 +/- 67 ppm, mean +/- s.d.). The use of close scavenging significantly reduced the 8 h TWA nitrous oxide exposure in paediatric anaesthesia. The reduction of exposure was not significant during other forms of anaesthesia where low levels were found when anaesthetic equipment with excess gas scavenging was used in theatres with non-recirculating air-conditioning. The correlation between conventional technical exposure measurement and urine headspace nitrous oxide measurement was good. Both theoretical arguments and practical experience indicate that this method can be used for assessing nitrous oxide exposure during routine anaesthetic work.
mesh_terms: D000395:Air Pollutants, Occupational / Q000009:adverse effects; D000773:Anesthesia, Obstetrical; D004781:Environmental Exposure; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D009609:Nitrous Oxide / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000652:urine; D009719:Nurse Anesthetists; D013048:Specimen Handling; D014691:Ventilation
chemical_list: D000395:Air Pollutants, Occupational; D009609:Nitrous Oxide