title: Purification and characterization of creatine kinase isozymes from the nurse shark Ginglymostoma cirratum.
abstract: Creatine kinase from nurse shark brain and muscle has been purified to apparent homogeneity. In contrast to creatine kinases from most other vertebrate species, the muscle isozyme and the brain isozyme from nurse shark migrate closely in electrophoresis and, unusually, the muscle isozyme is anodal to the brain isozyme. The isoelectric points are 5.3 and 6.2 for the muscle and brain isozymes, respectively. The purified brain preparation also contains a second active protein with pI 6.0. The amino acid content of the muscle isozyme is compared with other isozymes of creatine kinase using the Metzger Difference Index as an estimation of compositional relatedness. All comparisons show a high degree of compositional similarity including arginine kinase from lobster muscle. The muscle isozyme is marginally more resistant to temperature inactivation than the brain isozyme; the muscle protein does not exhibit unusual stability towards high concentrations of urea. Kinetic analysis of the muscle isozyme reveals Michaelis constants of 1.6 mM MgATP, 12 mM creatine, 1.2 mM MgADP and 50 mM creatine phosphate. Dissociation constants for the same substrate from the binary and ternary enzyme-substrate complex do not differ significantly, indicating limited cooperatively in substrate binding. Enzyme activity is inhibited by small planar anions, most severely by nitrate. Shark muscle creatine kinase hybridizes in vitro with rabbit muscle or monkey brain creatine kinase; shark brain isozyme hybridizes with monkey brain or rabbit brain creatine kinase. Shark muscle and shark brain isozymes, under a wide range of conditions, failed to produce a detectable hybrid.
mesh_terms: D000596:Amino Acids / Q000032:analysis; D000818:Animals; D001921:Brain / Q000201:enzymology*; D003402:Creatine Kinase / Q000302:isolation & purification* / Q000378:metabolism; D006801:Humans; D007525:Isoelectric Focusing; D007527:Isoenzymes; D007700:Kinetics; D009132:Muscles / Q000201:enzymology*; D009928:Organ Specificity; D012754:Sharks / Q000378:metabolism*; D013045:Species Specificity
chemical_list: D000596:Amino Acids; D007527:Isoenzymes; D003402:Creatine Kinase