Dietary n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids: modification of rat cardiac lipids and fatty acid composition.
The effects of 5, 10 and 20% dietary menhaden oil (MO) on the composition of heart lipid classes and fatty acids were studied. Male Sprague-Dawley rats were fed ad libitum 0, 5, 10 and 20% MO for 3 wk. The heart phosphoglyceride content and composition and cholesterol were unchanged by dietary MO. A nonlinear dose-response relationship was observed between dietary MO levels and fatty acid compositional changes. Cardiolipin, choline (PC), ethanolamine (PE) and serine/inositol (PS/PI) phosphoglycerides showed an incorporation of n-3 fatty acids, eicosapentaenoic (20:5n-3) and docosahexaenoic (22:6n-3), between the control and 5% MO group, a plateau between the 5 and 10% MO groups and a further increase at the 20% MO level. The initial reduction in 20:4n-6 content remained unchanged as dietary MO increased except in PE where a further reduction was found at the 20% MO level. Dietary MO did not significantly change the 20:4n-6 content in neutral lipids. Linoleic acid content was most resistant to dietary MO removal. The level of 18:2n-6 was significantly lowered in heart PC when rats were fed 10% MO. No significant differences were found in PS/PI. In PE and NL significant differences occurred only when rats were fed 20% MO. The significant fatty acid modifications of heart lipid and PL found between the control and lowest level of dietary MO (5%) suggest that dietary fish oil supplementation in human diets may not be required for this effect.
D000818:Animals; D002308:Cardiolipins / Q000378:metabolism; D002784:Cholesterol / Q000378:metabolism; D004032:Diet; D004041:Dietary Fats / Q000494:pharmacology*; D005227:Fatty Acids / Q000378:metabolism*; D005231:Fatty Acids, Unsaturated / Q000494:pharmacology*; D005395:Fish Oils; D005994:Glycerophosphates / Q000378:metabolism; D008297:Male; D009206:Myocardium / Q000378:metabolism*; D009821:Oils / Q000494:pharmacology; D051381:Rats; D011919:Rats, Inbred Strains
D002308:Cardiolipins; D004041:Dietary Fats; D005227:Fatty Acids; D005231:Fatty Acids, Unsaturated; D005395:Fish Oils; D005994:Glycerophosphates; D009821:Oils; C033266:Menhaden oil; D002784:Cholesterol