title: Vision and academic performance of learning disabled children.
abstract: The purpose of this study was to assess difference in academic performance among myopic, hyperopic, and emmetropic children who were learning disabled. More specifically, myopic children were expected to perform better on mathematical and spatial tasks than would hyperopic ones and that hyperopic and emmetropic children would perform better on verbal measures than would myopic ones. For 439 learning disabled students visual anomalies were determined via a Generated Retinal Reflex Image Screening System. Test data were obtained from school files. Partial support for the hypothesis was obtained. Myopic learning disabled children outperformed hyperopic and emmetropic children on the Key Math test. Myopic children scored better than hyperopic children on the WRAT Reading subtest and on the Durrell Analysis of Reading Difficulty Oral Reading Comprehension, Oral Rate, Flashword, and Spelling subtests, and on the Key Math Measurement and Total Scores. Severity of refractive error significantly affected the Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children--Revised Full Scale, Performance Scale, Verbal Scale, and Digit Span scores but did not affect any academic test scores. Several other findings were also reported. Those with nonametropic problems scored higher than those without problems on the Key Math Time subtest. Implications supportive of the theories of Benbow and Benbow and Geschwind and Behan were stated.
mesh_terms: D000124:Achievement; D002648:Child; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D006956:Hyperopia / Q000150:complications / Q000523:psychology; D007859:Learning Disabilities / Q000150:complications / Q000523:psychology*; D008297:Male; D008433:Mathematics; D009216:Myopia / Q000150:complications / Q000523:psychology; D012030:Refractive Errors / Q000150:complications / Q000523:psychology*; D013028:Space Perception; D014705:Verbal Behavior