title: Activation of carcinogenic N-nitrosopropylamines to mutagens by lung and pancreas S9 fractions from various animal species and man.
abstract: The mutagenic potential of 7 carcinogenic N-nitrosopropylamines was examined by the Ames liquid incubation assay, using lung and pancreas 9000 X g supernatant (S9) fractions from rats, hamsters, mice, rabbits, monkeys and humans for metabolic activation. N-Nitroso(2-hydroxypropyl)(2-oxopropyl)amine (HPOP), N-nitrosobis(2-oxopropyl)amine (BOP) and N-nitrosomethyl(2-oxopropyl)amine (MOP) showed positive mutagenicity in strain TA100 in the presence of lung S9 from each of the uninduced animals and humans. Besides the 3 N-nitrosopropylamines, N-nitrosomethyl(2-hydroxypropyl)amine (MHP) was also positive in the presence of lung S9 from polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB)-induced rats, hamsters and mice. On the other hand, in the presence of pancreas S9 from uninduced or PCB-induced animals, only HPOP and BOP showed positive mutagenicity. In contrast, N-nitrosobis(2-hydroxypropyl)amine (BHP), N-nitrosobis(2-acetoxypropyl)amine (BAP) and N-nitroso-2,6-dimethylmorpholine (NDMM) showed negative mutagenicity in the presence of lung and pancreas S9 from either uninduced or PCB-induced animals and humans. HPOP was a direct-acting mutagen, and lung and pancreas S9 from 5 animal species and man did not affect the activity. BOP was mutagenic even in the presence of bovine serum albumin. The mutagenic activation of MHP by lung S9 from PCB-induced rats, hamsters and mice was completely inhibited by preincubation in an atmosphere of carbon monoxide or by addition of cytochrome c or metyrapone to the S9 mixture, whereas 7,8-benzoflavone totally lacked this effect. However, that of MOP was insensitive to these inhibitors. These results of mutagenicity assay indicate that only the methyl derivatives of N-nitrosopropylamines, MHP and MOP are activated by the lung from 5 animal species and man, whereas the pancreas from all the tested animals did not activate the 7 N-nitrosopropylamines to mutagens, and that the phenobarbital-inducible major cytochrome P-450 in the lung of rodents is involved in the mutagenic activation of MHP.
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001711:Biotransformation; D002273:Carcinogens / Q000378:metabolism*; D006224:Cricetinae; D003577:Cytochrome P-450 Enzyme System / Q000378:metabolism; D004790:Enzyme Induction / Q000187:drug effects; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008168:Lung / Q000378:metabolism*; D008252:Macaca fascicularis; D008253:Macaca mulatta; D008297:Male; D008647:Mesocricetus; D051379:Mice; D008861:Microsomes / Q000378:metabolism; D009152:Mutagenicity Tests; D009153:Mutagens / Q000096:biosynthesis*; D009602:Nitrosamines / Q000378:metabolism*; D010179:Pancreas / Q000378:metabolism*; D011817:Rabbits; D051381:Rats; D011919:Rats, Inbred Strains; D013045:Species Specificity
chemical_list: D002273:Carcinogens; D009153:Mutagens; D009602:Nitrosamines; D003577:Cytochrome P-450 Enzyme System