title: Euthyroid hyperthyroxinemia and rapid cycling affective disorder: case report.
abstract: A 32-year-old woman with rapid cycling bipolar illness had numerous clinical problems throughout 19 affective episodes and six hospital admissions within 34 months. Persistent hyperthyroxinemia, always associated with manic episodes, led to a diagnostic work-up that ruled out a primary thyroid dysfunction and pointed to oral contraceptives, appetite suppressants, and psychiatric illness as likely causes of elevated T4 values. The contention that an underlying thyroid hypofunction is the basis of rapid cycling is questioned. The extent to which a bipolar disorder increases T4 levels and the role of euthyroid hyperthyroxinemia in the pathogenesis of rapid cycling are discussed.
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001067:Appetite Depressants / Q000009:adverse effects; D001714:Bipolar Disorder / Q000097:blood / Q000150:complications* / Q000523:psychology; D003276:Contraceptives, Oral / Q000009:adverse effects; D005260:Female; D006760:Hospitalization; D006801:Humans; D013960:Thyroid Function Tests; D013972:Thyrotropin; D013974:Thyroxine / Q000097:blood*
chemical_list: D001067:Appetite Depressants; D003276:Contraceptives, Oral; D013972:Thyrotropin; D013974:Thyroxine