title: Permanent pacing through a persistent left superior vena cava: an approach and report of dual-chambered lead placement.
abstract: The patient with a persistent left superior vena cava who requires permanent pacing presents difficulties if no right superior vena cava is present or if it is encountered unexpectedly at pacemaker implantation. A case is presented that illustrates potential problems and suggests a general approach to this situation. Successful transvenous universal pacemaker insertion through a persistent left superior vena cava is reported.
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D004567:Electrodes, Implanted; D005260:Female; D006325:Heart Atria / Q000601:surgery; D006352:Heart Ventricles / Q000601:surgery; D006801:Humans; D010138:Pacemaker, Artificial; D013350:Subclavian Vein / Q000601:surgery; D013610:Tachycardia / Q000628:therapy*; D014683:Vena Cava, Superior / Q000002:abnormalities / Q000601:surgery*