title: Bilateral below-knee amputations: experience with 80 patients.
abstract: This review expands information concerning the bilateral below-knee (BK) amputee, describing the findings of a retrospective assessment of 80 such patients. Factors evaluated included etiology, associated conditions, time between amputations, late revisions, use of prostheses, and survival. In 63 patients both amputations were because of atherosclerosis. Of these patients, 86% were diabetic and 84% hypertensive. Peak incidence of the second amputation was during the 7th decade. Average time between amputations was 23 months. Forty-five (71%) of the atherosclerotic patients achieved some functional use of bilateral prostheses. The five patients employed at the time of the second amputation returned to work using prostheses. Average survival after the second amputation was 44 months for those deceased, and 64 months for those alive at the end of the study period. Nine patients had amputations because of various forms of injury, including one for sequential developments due to alcohol-related sensory loss. Eight of this group had a diagnosis of alcohol abuse of psychosis. Reasons for amputations included frostbite, burns, suicide attempt and sensory loss. Five achieved long-term but generally suboptimal prostheses use. The findings support the impression that most atherosclerotic bilateral BK amputees can use prostheses and that their survival and low rate of late stump revisions justify restorative efforts. Mental status was the major determinant of amputation and prostheses use among the non-atherosclerotic patients; discharge from psychiatric hospitals without adequate community support systems was probably contributory. Management and prevention require close collaboration between the rehabilitation, surgical, psychosocial, and public health disciplines.
mesh_terms: D000367:Age Factors; D000368:Aged; D000671:Amputation, Surgical / Q000534:rehabilitation*; D000674:Amputees / Q000523:psychology*; D001161:Arteriosclerosis / Q000601:surgery; D001186:Artificial Limbs / Q000534:rehabilitation; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007866:Leg; D007869:Leg Injuries / Q000601:surgery; D008297:Male; D008393:Marriage; D008875:Middle Aged; D011379:Prognosis; D012944:Social Support; D013997:Time Factors