title: Influence of dietary calcium on lead poisoning in mallard ducks (Anas platyrynchos).
abstract: Forty-five mallard ducks were allotted into 3 dietary groups. Group I was fed pelleted calcium-supplemented corn; group II was fed a pelleted commercial duck ration; and group III was fed cracked corn. Ten ducks of each group were given four No. 4 lead shot via an esophageal tube, and 5 ducks of each dietary group were kept as pair-fed controls. Anorexia and weight loss were most severe in the treated group III ducks. Group III had a maximum reduction in food consumption of 87% followed by a slight improvement in appetite; they lost 35% of their initial body weight. Group I treated ducks had a reduction in food consumption of 64% that eventually returned to the quantities consumed at the start of the experiment; group I ducks lost 18% of their initial body weight. Group II treated ducks maintained healthy appetites during the experiment and had a weight gain of 2% of their initial body weight. The number of ducks that became moribund and were euthanatized differed significantly among the treated groups with 100% of group III, 50% of group I, and 0% of group II treated ducks becoming moribund. All 3 groups of treated ducks had increased protoporphyrin IX concentrations compared with controls. Groups I and III lead-treated ducks had significant (P less than 0.05) reductions in erythrocyte counts, PCV, hemoglobin concentrations, and mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentrations as compared with controls. Group II had reduced hemoglobin concentration and mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration compared with controls.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001715:Bird Diseases / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology*; D001835:Body Weight; D001921:Brain / Q000473:pathology; D002136:Calcium, Dietary / Q000494:pharmacology*; D004372:Ducks; D005260:Female; D005895:Gizzard, Avian / Q000473:pathology; D007855:Lead Poisoning / Q000473:pathology / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000662:veterinary*; D008297:Male; D009132:Muscles / Q000473:pathology
chemical_list: D002136:Calcium, Dietary