title: Experimental transmission of Caryospora simplex (Apicomplexa: Eimeriidae) to Palestine vipers, Vipera xanthina palestinae (Serpentes: Viperidae).
abstract: Four littermate, laboratory-reared Palestine vipers, Vipera xanthina palestinae (#149, #150, #151, #152) (Serpentes: Viperidae) were used to determine modes by which Caryospora simplex (Apicomplexa: Eimeriidae) could be transmitted to snakes. Viper #149 was inoculated orally by stomach tube with 5.0 X 10(4) sporulated oocysts of C. simplex obtained from the feces of an Ottoman viper, V. x. xanthina and began passing unsporulated oocysts of C. simplex 121 days post-inoculation (DPI). Viper #150 was fed five mice that had been inoculated orally greater than or equal to 25 days previously with 5.0 X 10(4) sporulated oocysts of C. simplex and it began passing unsporulated oocysts of C. simplex 33 days after being fed the first two of five mice. Viper #151 was inoculated orally with sporulated oocysts of C. simplex obtained from viper #150 and began passing oocysts 52 DPI. Viper #152 served as an uninoculated control and did not pass oocysts of any species of coccidian. This study demonstrates that snake/snake and mouse/snake transmission of C. simplex readily occurs.
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D003048:Coccidiosis / Q000635:transmission*; D004539:Eimeria / Q000254:growth & development / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000472:pathogenicity*; D005243:Feces; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D012911:Snakes / Q000469:parasitology*