title: Technique for the surgical extraction of permanent pacing leads and electrodes.
abstract: When a pacing lead becomes infected, the most expedient and successful therapy is its removal. A new surgical extraction technique, combining the use of fluoroscopy and a limited surgical dissection of the right atrium, is presented for the removal of a lead entrapped in the heart or venous system.
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D004210:Dissection / Q000379:methods; D004567:Electrodes, Implanted / Q000009:adverse effects; D005260:Female; D005547:Foreign Bodies / Q000601:surgery*; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D010138:Pacemaker, Artificial / Q000009:adverse effects*; D012086:Reoperation; D013514:Surgical Procedures, Operative