title: Hemifacial spasm: operative treatment.
abstract: This paper describes experience with a transtympanic facial nerve needling operation in 62 patients with hemifacial spasm, over a 15-year period. The procedure is simple and effective, but unfortunately it is usually marred by recurrence of the spasm. Repeat operations are easy to perform, and usually valuable the first time. Despite recurrence, most patients are finally less troubled than before operation. A small number have proved very resistant to treatment, and the aetiological implications of this are presented. Other operative options are also discussed, together with our experience in a small number treated by facial nerve needling at other sites.
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D005152:Facial Muscles / Q000294:innervation*; D005154:Facial Nerve / Q000601:surgery; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008722:Methods; D008875:Middle Aged; D011183:Postoperative Complications; D012008:Recurrence; D012086:Reoperation; D013035:Spasm / Q000601:surgery*; D013997:Time Factors