25-Hydroxyvitamin D levels during breast-feeding with or without maternal or infantile supplementation of vitamin D.
Serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25-OHD), calcium, phosphorus, magnesium, and alkaline phosphatase levels of breast-fed infants and their mothers were studied by following 100 healthy term mother-infant pairs with different supplementation protocols of vitamin D. A pilot study in winter revealed that six of eight breast-fed infants without vitamin D supplementation had serum 25-OHD levels below the risk limit for rickets (5 ng/ml) at the age of 8 weeks. In the main study in winter groups, it was found that the 25-OHD levels were low (5.6 +/- 3.7 ng/ml) at the age of 8 weeks in the unsupplemented breast-fed infants, whose mothers were given vitamin D supplementation of 1,000 IU/day during lactation (group I), compared with the levels of those infants receiving either 400 (18.0 +/- 8.4 ng/ml, group II) or 1,000 IU (22.8 +/- 11.2 ng/ml, group III) vitamin D (group I vs. group II or III, p less than 0.001; group II vs. group III, NS). In group I 10 of 18 infants had serum 25-OHD levels less than 5 ng/ml compared with none of the infants in groups II and III. Yet the infants with 25-OHD levels less than 5 ng/ml showed no signs of clinical or biochemical rickets at the age of 8 or 20 weeks. In summer at delivery the maternal 25-OHD levels were good, but decreased thereafter. Also in summer groups, the infantile 25-OHD concentrations decreased; however, because the levels at delivery were high, they stayed in the normal range.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
D000328:Adult; D000469:Alkaline Phosphatase / Q000097:blood; D001942:Breast Feeding; D002118:Calcium / Q000097:blood; D005260:Female; D005387:Finland; D006801:Humans; D006887:Hydroxycholecalciferols / Q000097:blood*; D007223:Infant; D008274:Magnesium / Q000097:blood; D010758:Phosphorus / Q000097:blood; D010865:Pilot Projects; D012279:Rickets / Q000517:prevention & control; D012306:Risk; D012621:Seasons; D013472:Sunlight; D014807:Vitamin D / Q000627:therapeutic use*
D006887:Hydroxycholecalciferols; D014807:Vitamin D; D010758:Phosphorus; D000469:Alkaline Phosphatase; D008274:Magnesium; D002118:Calcium