Physical signs of instability.
The author asserts that if an instability is of any consequence, then it can be detected during the physical examination by a trained observer. Radiographs, which display full-range or even paradoxical movements, do not represent true functional movements. If the instability cannot be seen or palpated there is a serious question as to whether it exists. Hypermobility can also be detected and differentiated from instability.
D006801:Humans; D007593:Joint Instability / Q000175:diagnosis*; D008487:Medical History Taking; D009068:Movement; D010173:Palpation; D010808:Physical Examination; D013122:Spinal Diseases / Q000175:diagnosis*