Radiological health implications of lead-210 and polonium-210 accumulations in LPG refineries.
Radon-222, a naturally occurring radioactive noble gas, is often a contaminant in natural gas. During fractionation at processing plants, Radon tends to be concentrated in the Liquified Petroleum Gas (LPG) product stream. Radon-222 decays into a number of radioactive metallic daughters which can plate out on the interior surfaces of plant machinery. The hazards associated with gamma-emitting short-lived radon daughters have been investigated previously. The present work reports an analysis of the hazards associated with the long-lived daughters; Pb-210, Bi-210, and Po-210. These nuclides do not emit appreciable penetrating radiation, and hence do not represent a hazard as long as they remain on the inside surfaces of equipment. However, when equipment that has had prolonged exposure to an LPG stream is disassembled for repair or routine maintenance, opportunities for exposure to radioactive materials can occur. This paper reports a series of measurements made on an impeller taken from a pump in an LPG facility. Alpha spectroscopy revealed the presence of Po-210, and further measurements showed that the amount on the impeller surface was well above the exempt quantity. Breathing zone measurements made in the course of cleaning the impeller showed that an inhalation exposure equivalent to breathing Po-210 at the Maximum Permissible Concentration (MPC) for 60 hours could be delivered in less than half an hour. It was concluded that maintenance and repair work on LPG and derivitive product stream equipment must be carried out with the realization that a potential radiological health problem exists.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
D000398:Air Pollution, Radioactive / Q000032:analysis / Q000517:prevention & control; D005374:Filtration; D005740:Gases; D006801:Humans; D007854:Lead / Q000032:analysis*; D009784:Occupational Diseases / Q000517:prevention & control*; D010578:Petroleum; D011059:Polonium / Q000032:analysis*; D011832:Radiation Injuries / Q000517:prevention & control*; D011868:Radioisotopes / Q000032:analysis*
D005740:Gases; D010578:Petroleum; D011868:Radioisotopes; D007854:Lead; D011059:Polonium