[Situs ambiguus and atrial isomerism. Angiographic analysis of associated congenital heart diseases].
Forty-seven cases of situs ambiguus have been analyzed angiographically: 24 had right atrial isomerism and 23 left atrial isomerism. The following criteria were considered for identification: auricular morphology; inferior vena cava: azygos continuation or connection in median position to the atrial cavity; bronchial anatomy; anatomy of the pulmonary arteries and their relation to the bronchi. In the group with right atrial isomerism we observed levocardia in 15 cases, dextrocardia in 7 and mesocardia in 2. Bilateral superior vena cava was identified in 13 cases. Inferior vena cava drained in most cases (21) in the middle portion of the atrial cavity; it was on the same side of the abdominal aorta in 20 cases. Pulmonary venous drainage was visualized in 19 patients: in 8 cases it followed the usual pattern of the total anomalous drainage, supracardiac (7) or infracardiac (1); in 2 cases mixed forms were found; in 9 cases the pulmonary veins entered directly the common atrial cavity. Common atrium was seen in 80% of the cases; in the remaining a huge atrial septal defect was present. The atrioventricular connection was double inlet in the 16 cases of univentricular heart; in all of them, and in additional 7 biventricular hearts, the mode was via a common atrio-ventricular valve; only in one case the atria connected to the ventricles through two distinct atrioventricular valves. The univentricular hearts in most cases (22) were, angiographically, of indeterminate type. The interventricular relationship was normal (left ventricle posterior and to the left) in 6 of the 8 biventricular hearts.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
D000293:Adolescent; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D003914:Dextrocardia / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D005260:Female; D006325:Heart Atria / Q000002:abnormalities / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D006330:Heart Defects, Congenital / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging*; D006343:Heart Septal Defects / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D007979:Levocardia / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging; D008297:Male; D011859:Radiography; D014684:Venae Cavae / Q000002:abnormalities / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging
Situs ambiguus e isomerismo atriale. Analisi angiografica delle cardiopatie congenite associate.