title: The luminance origin of the pattern electroretinogram in man.
abstract: Electroretinograms (e.r.g.s) and visually evoked potentials (v.e.p.s) to pattern stimuli were recorded simultaneously from healthy subjects. The stimuli were produced by a configuration in which the luminance of two sets of spatial elements (checks) could be modulated independently. Experiments were designed to distinguish between contrast responses and non-linear luminance responses. In the first of two basic experiments, the luminance of only one set of checks was modulated, at a constant level in every trial. The other set was not modulated, but its luminance was set at various levels. Under these conditions the local luminance stimulation was kept equal for every trial whereas the contrast stimulation varied. Therefore, local luminance responses in these experiments were expected to be constant and contrast responses were expected to vary. The e.r.g.s were identical for all luminance settings of the unmodulated checks, suggesting that luminance rather than contrast determines the response. The v.e.p.s showed, on the contrary, the behaviour expected for contrast responses. In the second basic experiment the local luminance stimulation was also kept constant, but the phase difference between the modulations of the two sets of checks was varied between 0 deg (pure luminance stimulation) and 180 deg (pattern reversal). In this type of experiment the second harmonic responses to local luminance modulation are expected to decrease to a minimum as phase difference goes from 0 to 90 deg and increase again as phase difference goes to 180 deg. Contrast responses are expected to increase monotonically from zero to maximal at phase difference shifts from 0 deg (no contrast stimulation) to 180 deg (contrast reversal). The e.r.g.s decreased to a minimum at 90 deg phase difference and increase again with phase difference going to 180 deg. At 0 and 180 deg the same value was recorded. Consequently, the e.r.g. behaviour suggests a luminance origin of the responses. The v.e.p.s monotonically increased as phase difference went from 0 to 180 deg, thus suggesting a contrast origin of the responses. Two additional control experiments were performed. The first experiment compared the responses to homogeneous field red/green exchange and pattern red/green exchange, with the luminances of the red and green sources matched by heterochromatic flicker photometry. The exchange of luminance-matched red and green checks (pattern reversal) did not produce different e.r.g. responses from those recorded in response to homogeneous field red/green exchange. The v.e.p. showed a significant increase for the pattern stimulus.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
mesh_terms: D003118:Color Perception / Q000502:physiology; D004596:Electroretinography; D005074:Evoked Potentials, Visual; D006801:Humans; D008027:Light; D010364:Pattern Recognition, Visual / Q000502:physiology; D012160:Retina / Q000502:physiology*