title: Myectomy for essential blepharospasm.
abstract: Essential blepharospasm is a progressive, bilateral, involuntary facial spasm. In this study, we conducted a prospective analysis of myectomy for the treatment of this condition in 21 patients. The procedure consisted of extirpation of the muscles that close the eyelids (protractors), which include the pretarsal, preseptal, and orbital components of the orbicularis oculi, as well as the procerus and corrugator supercilii muscles of the brow. In addition, the muscles that open the eyelids (retractors) were strengthened (by resection of the frontalis muscle and repair of disinsertion of the levator aponeuroses). The most common symptoms that necessitated myectomy were difficulty with driving (20 patients), watching television (17 patients), reading (15 patients), and eating (5 patients). Overall, the 21 patients had a 70% mean decrease in symptoms postoperatively. Five patients required an additional operation for management of residual blepharospasm.
mesh_terms: D000368:Aged; D001764:Blepharospasm / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000601:surgery*; D005138:Eyebrows / Q000601:surgery; D005141:Eyelid Diseases / Q000601:surgery*; D005152:Facial Muscles / Q000601:surgery*; D005260:Female; D005500:Follow-Up Studies; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008722:Methods; D008875:Middle Aged; D009801:Oculomotor Muscles / Q000601:surgery; D011183:Postoperative Complications / Q000453:epidemiology; D011446:Prospective Studies; D012086:Reoperation