title: Progestogens with antimineralocorticoid activity.
abstract: The ability of 11 steroids with varying degrees of progestogenic potency to inhibit the renal actions of aldosterone was tested in adrenalectomized, glucocorticoid-treated rats. The rats were continuously infused with an isotonic solution of low sodium content (0.05% NaCl + 5.2% glucose, 3 ml/rat/h) supplemented with d-aldosterone [1 microgram/(kg X h)] resulting in a long-lasting reduction in renal sodium excretion, increase in renal potassium excretion and hence decrease in the urinary Na/K-ratio. The test drugs were administered either subcutaneously or orally 1 h before start of infusion. Their antimineralocorticoid activity was judged by the increase in the aldosterone-lowered Na/K-ratio in urine which was collected at hourly intervals for 15 or 21 h, respectively. Adrenalectomized, glucocorticoid-treated rats receiving an i.v. infusion without aldosterone were used for assessing possible mineralocorticoid effects of the steroids tested. D-Norgestrel, norethisterone acetate, 3-keto-desogestrel (the active metabolite of desogestrel) and cyproterone acetate, respectively, did neither show antimineralocorticoid nor mineralocorticoid activity when injected subcutaneously at a dose of 53.3 mg/kg. In contrast, gestodene (26.7 or 53.3 mg/kg s.c., respectively), progesterone (53.3 mg/kg s.c.), spironolactone (26.7 mg/kg s.c.), spirorenone (13.3 mg/kg s.c.), 1,2-dihydro-spirorenone (13.3 mg/kg s.c.), or 1,2 alpha-methylene-spirorenone (13.3 mg/kg s.c.) exhibited significant anti-mineralocorticoid activity. Canrenone (53.3 mg/kg s.c.) slightly increased the urinary Na/K-ratio. This effect, however, was not significant. Gestodene, like spironolactone or progesterone, was devoid of aldosterone-like mineralocorticoid activity. With the exception of progesterone, the antimineralocorticoid activity of the steroids tested could also be demonstrated after oral administration. Based on the Na/K-ratio or the log (Na X 100)/K-ratio, the potency of each test compound relative to spironolactone was evaluated using regression analysis. The following results (average relative potency, spironolactone = 1.0) were obtained: gestodene: approximately 0.2; canrenone: approximately 0.3-0.35; spirorenone: approximately 7-8; 1,2-dihydro-spirorenone: approximately 8; 1,2 alpha-methylene-spirorenone: approximately 3.5. Progesterone which was evaluated after s.c. injection exhibited an average relative potency of approximately 0.35. Due to these results, gestodene may be regarded as the first progestogen of the nortestosterone series exhibiting a more natural, progesterone-like profile of activity.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
mesh_terms: D000315:Adrenalectomy; D000450:Aldosterone / Q000494:pharmacology; D000730:Androstadienes / Q000494:pharmacology; D000736:Androstenes / Q000494:pharmacology; D000818:Animals; D002191:Canrenoic Acid / Q000494:pharmacology; D002192:Canrenone / Q000494:pharmacology; D003534:Cyproterone / Q000494:pharmacology; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D008297:Male; D000451:Mineralocorticoid Receptor Antagonists / Q000494:pharmacology; D008901:Mineralocorticoids / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors*; D009640:Norethindrone / Q000494:pharmacology; D009644:Norgestrel / Q000494:pharmacology; D009652:Norpregnenes / Q000494:pharmacology; D011188:Potassium / Q000652:urine; D011374:Progesterone / Q000494:pharmacology; D045167:Progesterone Congeners / Q000494:pharmacology*; D051381:Rats; D011919:Rats, Inbred Strains; D012964:Sodium / Q000652:urine; D013148:Spironolactone / Q000494:pharmacology
chemical_list: D000730:Androstadienes; D000736:Androstenes; D000451:Mineralocorticoid Receptor Antagonists; D008901:Mineralocorticoids; D009652:Norpregnenes; D045167:Progesterone Congeners; C033273:Gestodene; D013148:Spironolactone; D009644:Norgestrel; D000450:Aldosterone; D011374:Progesterone; D002192:Canrenone; D002191:Canrenoic Acid; D012964:Sodium; C035143:spirorenone; D003534:Cyproterone; C035144:drospirenone; D011188:Potassium; D009640:Norethindrone