title: Cholinergic- and adrenergic-stimulated inositide hydrolysis in brain: interaction, regional distribution, and coupling mechanisms.
abstract: Carbachol and norepinephrine were used as agonists to compare and contrast cholinergic and adrenergic stimulation of inositide breakdown in rat brain slices. Carbachol acts through a muscarinic (possibly M1) receptor and norepinephrine acts through an alpha 1 adrenoceptor. Studies in cerebral cortical slices indicated that both agonists stimulated the production of inositol-1-phosphate and glycerophosphoinositol. Although the initial rates for the stimulation of inositol phosphate release were similar for the two ligands, the response to norepinephrine continued for 60 min and was larger compared with carbachol which plateaued at 30 min. The presence of carbachol did not affect the ED50 for norepinephrine. Concentrations of carbachol near the ED50 in combination with norepinephrine resulted in an additive response whereas maximal concentrations of carbachol and norepinephrine resulted in a less than additive response in the cortex. This negative interaction was also seen in the hippocampus and hypothalamus but not in the striatum, brainstem, spinal cord, olfactory bulb, or cerebellum. Norepinephrine had a larger response than carbachol in the hippocampus, striatum, and spinal cord, but the reverse was true in the olfactory bulb. Manganese (1 mM) stimulated the incorporation of [3H]inositol into phosphatidylinositol (PtdIns) four- to fivefold but not into polyphosphoinositides. The stimulation by manganese of PtdIns labelling increased the nonstimulated release of inositol phosphates but did not affect the stimulated release of inositol phosphates by carbachol or norepinephrine.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001921:Brain / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism*; D002217:Carbachol / Q000494:pharmacology*; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D004347:Drug Interactions; D006868:Hydrolysis; D007295:Inositol Phosphates / Q000378:metabolism*; D008297:Male; D008345:Manganese / Q000494:pharmacology; D009638:Norepinephrine / Q000494:pharmacology*; D051381:Rats; D011919:Rats, Inbred Strains; D013403:Sugar Phosphates / Q000378:metabolism*; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D007295:Inositol Phosphates; D013403:Sugar Phosphates; D008345:Manganese; D002217:Carbachol; D009638:Norepinephrine