title: A sodium ion gradient as energy source for Peptostreptococcus asaccharolyticus.
abstract: The determination of enzymatic activities in cell-free extracts of Acidaminococcus fermentans and Peptostreptococcus asaccharolyticus led to a refined scheme for the pathway of glutamate fermentation via (R)-2-hydroxyglutarate to acetate and butyrate. From the ratio of these products the amount of ATP generated by substrate level phosphorylation was calculated. Growth experiments with the organisms including Clostridium symbiosum and Clostridium tetanomorphum indicated that a sodium gradient contributed additional energy for growth. The high growth yields found in organisms containing the biotin dependent sodium pump glutaconyl-CoA decarboxylase could be reduced by the sodium ionophor monensin. In P. asaccharolyticus energy equivalent up to 0.6 mol ATP per mol of glutaconyl-CoA decarboxylated was conserved via the Na+ gradient. The data may explain the growth promoting effects of monensin in cattle.
mesh_terms: D000255:Adenosine Triphosphate / Q000096:biosynthesis; D001421:Bacteria, Anaerobic / Q000187:drug effects / Q000254:growth & development / Q000378:metabolism / Q000502:physiology; D002262:Carboxy-Lyases / Q000378:metabolism; D003013:Clostridium / Q000187:drug effects / Q000254:growth & development / Q000378:metabolism / Q000502:physiology; D004734:Energy Metabolism; D005285:Fermentation; D005663:Furans / Q000494:pharmacology*; D005971:Glutamates / Q000378:metabolism; D007700:Kinetics; D008985:Monensin / Q000378:metabolism / Q000494:pharmacology*; D010462:Peptostreptococcus / Q000187:drug effects / Q000254:growth & development / Q000378:metabolism* / Q000502:physiology; D010766:Phosphorylation; D012964:Sodium / Q000378:metabolism*
chemical_list: D005663:Furans; D005971:Glutamates; D000255:Adenosine Triphosphate; D008985:Monensin; D012964:Sodium; D002262:Carboxy-Lyases; C023060:glutaconyl CoA decarboxylase