Teratological assessment of five oxidative hair dyes in the rat.
The oxidative dyes, 4,4'-diaminodiphenylene sulfate, N'-(2-hydroxyethyl)-4-nitro-O-phenylenediamine, N,N-dimethyl-p-phenylenediamine, 2,3-dihydroxynaphthalene, and resorcinol, were evaluated for teratogenic potential. Dyes were administered by gavage to pregnant Sprague-Dawley rats on gestation Days 6 through 15 at doses ranging from 12.5 to 500 mg/kg. No overt signs of toxicity were observed during the treatment period. A significant reduction in mean maternal weight gain was noted during the treatment period at the high dose for 4,4'-diaminodiphenylene sulfate, N'-(2-hydroxyethyl)-4-nitro-O-phenylenediamine, and 2,3-dihydroxynaphthalene. The high dose for N,N-dimethyl-p-phenylenediamine and resorcinol, which exceeded a 100-fold exaggeration of human exposure, did not produce a significant reduction in maternal weight gain. An evaluation of fetal external, visceral, and skeletal anomalies revealed no statistically significant differences between dye-treated and vehicle control groups. Administration of 100,000 units of vitamin A, the positive control, on Day 9 of gestation resulted in a significant increase in abnormal fetuses.
D000818:Animals; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D005260:Female; D006202:Hair Dyes / Q000633:toxicity*; D006203:Hair Preparations / Q000633:toxicity*; D010084:Oxidation-Reduction; D010655:Phenylenediamines / Q000633:toxicity; D011247:Pregnancy; D051381:Rats; D011919:Rats, Inbred Strains; D012118:Resorcinols / Q000633:toxicity; D013723:Teratogens
D006202:Hair Dyes; D006203:Hair Preparations; D010655:Phenylenediamines; D012118:Resorcinols; D013723:Teratogens; C004781:dimethyl-4-phenylenediamine; C031389:resorcinol