title: [General pharmacologic studies on the analgesic flupirtine].
abstract: In the present study the general pharmacological properties of ethyl-N-[2-amino-6-(4-fluor-phenylmethylamino)pyridin-3-yl]carbama te (flupirtine, D 9998), a structural new analgesic, are described. In several tests with mice flupirtine shows a centrally depressant component of action. However, regarding undesirable side effects as ataxia, inhibition of motor activity etc. this action is, with respect to the analgesic effective doses less pronounced than those of comparable analgesics, for instance phenacetin. In relatively low doses flupirtine antagonizes tremor induced by oxotremorine in mice. This activity is probably not caused by a central anticholinergic action, because other anticholinergic effects have not been observed. It should be pointed out that flupirtine antagonizes the morphine-induced tail phenomenon in mice in relatively low doses. This action obviously differentiates flupirtine from opiates. Up to high doses flupirtine does not cause catalepsia in mice, consequently its centrally depressant activity does not resemble that of reserpine and also is not comparable with those of neuroleptic agents. The corneal and pinnal reflexes are not influenced by flupirtine and the righting reflex is slightly delayed in high doses. The anticonvulsive activity of flupirtine observed in the pentetrazol shock test (mouse) after high doses probably cannot be considered to occur within the analgesic dose range. Inhibition of amphetamine toxicity in mice observed in doses near the hypnotic doses may be caused by non-specific effects. In vitro tests with isolated trachea or ileum of guinea pigs show that flupirtine possesses no or very weak antagonism against histamine-induced spasms. In spasms caused by barium chloride flupirtine shows a weak musculotropic-spasmolytic activity. Investigations on the circulatory system of dogs do not indicate any incompatibilities with flupirtine. No evidence of antiarrhythmic activity was found in rats. Flupirtine has no local anesthetic activity in mice but some weak effects on the cornea of rabbits. Like several other analgesics flupirtine shows in rats a reversible antidiuretic action including sodium and chloride retention which is of relatively short duration and is not observed in long-term studies in rats and dogs. In contrast to many stronger antiinflammatory compounds, flupirtine does not possess ulcerogenic activity in rats up to high doses. A minimal inhibition of intestinal motility (mouse) is observed only in doses higher than the analgesic effective doses.
mesh_terms: D000631:Aminopyridines / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000661:Amphetamine / Q000633:toxicity; D000700:Analgesics / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000818:Animals; D000927:Anticonvulsants; D002375:Catalepsy / Q000139:chemically induced; D002490:Central Nervous System / Q000187:drug effects; D004231:Diuresis / Q000187:drug effects; D004285:Dogs; D004347:Drug Interactions; D005260:Female; D006439:Hemodynamics / Q000187:drug effects; D006591:Hexobarbital / Q000494:pharmacology; D006801:Humans; D006993:Hypnotics and Sedatives; D066298:In Vitro Techniques; D008297:Male; D051379:Mice; D009020:Morphine / Q000494:pharmacology; D009043:Motor Activity / Q000187:drug effects; D009129:Muscle Tonus / Q000187:drug effects; D010095:Oxotremorine / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors; D010276:Parasympatholytics; D051381:Rats; D012119:Respiration / Q000187:drug effects
chemical_list: D000631:Aminopyridines; D000700:Analgesics; D000927:Anticonvulsants; D006993:Hypnotics and Sedatives; D010276:Parasympatholytics; D010095:Oxotremorine; D009020:Morphine; D006591:Hexobarbital; D000661:Amphetamine; C034161:flupirtine
vernacular_title: Allgemeine pharmakologische Untersuchungen mit dem Analgetikum Flupirtin.