Moxalactam epimer disposition in patients undergoing continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis.
The kinetics of the epimers of moxalactam (R-MOX, S-MOX) were investigated in patients without infections who were receiving continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis after both intravenous and intraperitoneal injections of moxalactam. R-MOX and S-MOX were well absorbed from the peritoneal cavity, with mean systemic availability of 0.71 +/- 0.18 and 0.79 +/- 0.18, respectively. After intravenous MOX, serum clearance was 10.2 +/- 3.4 (R-MOX) and 10.9 +/- 3.2 (S-MOX) ml/hr/kg. Net time-averaged peritoneal dialysis clearance of both epimers was minimal, about 10% of serum clearance. Serum and dialysate MOX concentrations were above the minimum inhibitory concentrations for susceptible bacteria for 24 hours after a 2.0 or 1.0 gm intravenous or intraperitoneal dose. Gastrointestinal side effects occurred after a 2.0 gm dose (both intravenous and intraperitoneal) but not after a 1.0 gm dose. There were no significant differences in the kinetics of R-MOX and S-MOX. A single 1.0 gm ip dose leads to serum and dialysate MOX concentrations above the minimum inhibitory concentration for susceptible pathogens for 24 hours.
D000328:Adult; D001682:Biological Availability; D003967:Diarrhea / Q000139:chemically induced; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007263:Infusions, Parenteral; D007274:Injections, Intraperitoneal; D007275:Injections, Intravenous; D007676:Kidney Failure, Chronic / Q000378:metabolism*; D007700:Kinetics; D008297:Male; D009070:Moxalactam / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000378:metabolism*; D010530:Peritoneal Dialysis; D010531:Peritoneal Dialysis, Continuous Ambulatory; D013237:Stereoisomerism
D009070:Moxalactam