title: Metabolism and disposition of amifloxacin in laboratory animals.
abstract: Sprague-Dawley rats received [14C]amifloxacin mesylate either orally or intravenously at 20 mg (base equivalent) per kg. Blood radioactivity peaked at 0.5 h after oral administration and was equivalent to 7.54 micrograms/ml for males and 6.73 micrograms/ml for females. After intravenous administration to rats, 52.5% of the dose was recovered in the urine of males and 45.3% in the urine of females within 72 h. The corresponding values after oral administration were 50.8% for males and 37.2% for females. The remainder of the dose was recovered in the feces. After intravenous administration of [14C]amifloxacin mesylate at 10 mg (base equivalent) per kg to female rhesus monkeys, 80.3% of the radioactivity was excreted in the urine at 24 h. The apparent first-order terminal elimination half-life of intact amifloxacin in plasma was 2.3 h; radioactivity in plasma was eliminated more slowly. Male rats excreted 26.2% of the dose in the urine as amifloxacin and 17.8% as the piperazinyl-N-oxide derivative of amifloxacin after intravenous administration. The corresponding amounts for female rats were 29.0% as amifloxacin and 7.8% as the piperazinyl-N-oxide metabolite. Similar excretion profiles were observed after oral administration. After intravenous administration, female monkeys excreted 54.5% of the dose in the urine as amifloxacin, 12.9% as the piperazinyl-N-desmethyl metabolite, and 5.6% as the piperazinyl-N-oxide during the first 12 h. In contrast, there was no evidence of the piperazinyl-N-desmethyl metabolite in rats.
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents / Q000378:metabolism*; D000890:Anti-Infective Agents; D001711:Biotransformation; D002851:Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; D002855:Chromatography, Thin Layer; D002939:Ciprofloxacin / Q000031:analogs & derivatives*; D005243:Feces / Q000032:analysis; D005260:Female; D024841:Fluoroquinolones; D008253:Macaca mulatta; D008297:Male; D013058:Mass Spectrometry; D011804:Quinolines / Q000378:metabolism*; D051381:Rats; D011919:Rats, Inbred Strains; D014018:Tissue Distribution
chemical_list: D000900:Anti-Bacterial Agents; D000890:Anti-Infective Agents; D024841:Fluoroquinolones; D011804:Quinolines; D002939:Ciprofloxacin; C040691:amifloxacin