title: Acute myocardial effects of chloramphenicol in newborn pigs: a possible insight into the gray baby syndrome.
abstract: Mechanical function and mitochondrial respiration were observed in newborn pig hearts in the presence of chloramphenicol. Isolated perfused hearts exposed to chloramphenicol (25, 50, or 100 micrograms/ml) demonstrated acute reductions in pressure development and cardiac output accompanied by elevated left atrial filling pressure. The effects of chloramphenicol and chloramphenicol succinate (25, 50, 100, or 200 micrograms/ml) on oxidative activity of isolated mitochondria were also investigated. With unesterified chloramphenicol, inhibition of state 3 respiration was most apparent when glutamate and palmitylcarnitine were supplied as substrates. Inhibition of mitochondrial oxidation of succinate or glutamate was only detectable at 200 micrograms/ml. Inhibition of alpha-ketoglutarate oxidation was not seen at any concentration of antibiotic studied. Chloramphenicol succinate most strongly inhibited state 3 oxidation of succinate and alpha-ketoglutarate and had relatively mild effects on oxidation of glutamate and palmitylcarnitine. Succinate oxidation by submitochondrial particles was unaffected by chloramphenicol succinate, a result suggesting interference with succinate transport.
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D000831:Animals, Newborn; D001794:Blood Pressure / Q000187:drug effects; D002302:Cardiac Output / Q000187:drug effects; D002701:Chloramphenicol / Q000633:toxicity*; D003490:Cyanosis / Q000139:chemically induced*; D006321:Heart / Q000187:drug effects*; D006801:Humans; D066298:In Vitro Techniques; D007231:Infant, Newborn; D007656:Ketoglutaric Acids / Q000378:metabolism; D008929:Mitochondria, Heart / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism; D010477:Perfusion; D012769:Shock / Q000139:chemically induced*; D013386:Succinates / Q000378:metabolism; D019802:Succinic Acid; D013552:Swine; D013577:Syndrome
chemical_list: D007656:Ketoglutaric Acids; D013386:Succinates; D002701:Chloramphenicol; D019802:Succinic Acid