title: Evaluation of effects of levamisole and surgery on canine mammary cancer.
abstract: Three hundred and forty-five dogs with mammary tumors were initially evaluated for study. One hundred and forty-four dogs with untreated malignant mammary tumors (136 adenocarcinomas, 5 malignant mixed, 3 sarcomas) were selected for study. All dogs were clinically staged and stratified on the basis of tumor volume and body weight. Dogs were randomized to either a radical mastectomy or simple mastectomy group, and then further randomized to a levamisole or placebo group. There was no significant difference in either survival time or cancer-free survival time between the surgery groups or between the levamisole and placebo groups. The most significant prognostic factor was tumor volume; dogs with tumors less than 41 cc had significantly enhanced survival time (p = 0.0007) and cancer-free survival time (p = 0.0005).
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D003131:Combined Modality Therapy; D004283:Dog Diseases / Q000601:surgery / Q000628:therapy*; D004285:Dogs; D007167:Immunotherapy; D007978:Levamisole / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D008321:Mammary Glands, Animal / Q000601:surgery*; D009369:Neoplasms / Q000601:surgery / Q000628:therapy* / Q000662:veterinary*
chemical_list: D007978:Levamisole