Multiple stable recurrent outbreaks and predictability in seasonally forced nonlinear epidemic models.
A seasonally forced nonlinear SEIR epidemic model is used to simulate small and large amplitude periodic outbreaks. The model is shown to exhibit bistable behavior for a fixed set of parameters. Basins of attraction for each recurrent outbreak are computed, and it is shown that the basins of two coexisting stable outbreaks are intertwined in a complicated manner. The effect of such a basin structure is shown to result in an obstruction in predicting asymptotically the type of outbreak given an uncertainty in the initial population of susceptibles and infectives.
D004813:Epidemiology; D006801:Humans; D008433:Mathematics; D008954:Models, Biological; D012621:Seasons