title: Minimizing risk of adverse reactions to mydriatic agents in binocular indirect ophthalmoscopy.
abstract: To minimize the risk of adverse side effects from mydriatics during binocular indirect ophthalmoscopy, a procedure was developed which intentionally starts with a dose significantly less than an ED99. Using a clinically effective diameter of greater than 7 mm as a criterion, I found that 1 drop of 0.5% tropicamide (T) constituted an ED74 (N = 46). When 1 drop of 2.5% phenylephrine (P) was added, this increased to an ED93 (N = 27). If present results can be generalized, then 1 drop of T, supplemented at 30 minutes with 1 drop of P, if necessary, should produce satisfactory dilatation in approximately 90% of the subjects.
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D004341:Drug Evaluation; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D009184:Mydriatics / Q000009:adverse effects*; D009883:Ophthalmic Solutions; D009887:Ophthalmoscopy / Q000379:methods*; D010656:Phenylephrine / Q000008:administration & dosage; D011680:Pupil / Q000187:drug effects; D012306:Risk; D014331:Tropicamide / Q000008:administration & dosage
chemical_list: D009184:Mydriatics; D009883:Ophthalmic Solutions; D010656:Phenylephrine; D014331:Tropicamide