title: Hemodynamic and plasma catecholamine responses to epinephrine-containing perianal lidocaine anesthesia.
abstract: Despite the frequent use of large volumes (30-40 ml) of epinephrine-containing local anesthetic solutions for ano-rectal surgery, little is known about the anesthetic-induced hemodynamic consequences. Therefore, we measured the heart rate, blood pressure, and plasma catecholamine (norepinephrine and epinephrine) responses to the perianal injection of 40 ml of 0.5% lidocaine alone (n = 8) or 0.5% lidocaine with 1:200,000 epinephrine (n = 10) in 18 healthy adults undergoing outpatient ano-rectal surgery. The mean +/- SEM plasma epinephrine concentration increased from a baseline of 42 +/- 7 pg/ml to a peak of 622 +/- 94 pg/ml 4 min after injection of epinephrine-containing anesthetic (P less than 0.001), whereas lidocaine alone increased the mean plasma value from 36 +/- 9 pg/ml (baseline) to only 69 +/- 16 pg/ml (not significantly different) at its peak. Despite the increases in plasma epinephrine levels in the group receiving epinephrine-containing anesthesia, no changes in blood pressure, heart rate, or plasma norepinephrine levels were observed. Given the advantages (including prolongation of the duration of anesthesia) of adding epinephrine to perianal local anesthetics, our data support its safe use in healthy adults.
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D001003:Anal Canal / Q000601:surgery; D000772:Anesthesia, Local / Q000009:adverse effects*; D001794:Blood Pressure / Q000187:drug effects; D002395:Catecholamines / Q000097:blood*; D004837:Epinephrine / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000097:blood; D005260:Female; D006339:Heart Rate / Q000187:drug effects; D006439:Hemodynamics / Q000187:drug effects*; D006801:Humans; D008012:Lidocaine / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D009638:Norepinephrine / Q000097:blood; D011897:Random Allocation; D012007:Rectum / Q000601:surgery*
chemical_list: D002395:Catecholamines; D008012:Lidocaine; D009638:Norepinephrine; D004837:Epinephrine