title: Adverse reactions to protamine.
abstract: Adverse responses to protamine are most likely multifactorial in nature. Mechanisms include immune-mediated anaphylaxis, complement-mediated and non-complement-mediated anaphylactoid reactions, and catastrophic pulmonary vasoconstriction. Some patients may be at higher risk for an adverse reaction to protamine. Whereas patient historical data may influence the decision to administer protamine, once administration is decided on all patients should receive protamine in a cautious manner. Rechallenge may be hazardous, but has occurred without problem in some patients.
mesh_terms: D000707:Anaphylaxis / Q000139:chemically induced; D004342:Drug Hypersensitivity / Q000209:etiology*; D006801:Humans; D011479:Protamines / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects* / Q000494:pharmacology; D012882:Skin Tests
chemical_list: D011479:Protamines