title: Reversible inactivation and reactivation of vaccinia virus by manipulation of viral lipid composition.
abstract: The role of phospholipids in vaccinia virus was investigated by substituting viral lipids with specific phospholipids. Treatment of virus with sodium dodecyl sulfate, sodium deoxycholate, or Nonidet-P40 (NP-40) resulted in almost complete removal of viral lipid and led to inactivation of the virus. The inactivation induced by the former two was irreversible, but NP-40-treated virus was reactivated upon reassociation with phospholipids. Individual phospholipids, including phosphatidylserine (PS), phosphatidylcholine, phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylinositol, lysolecithin, sphingomyelin, and acyl bis(monoacylglycero)phosphate (ABMP), were tested for ability to reactivate NP-40-treated virus. Reactivation was induced only by PS. The infectivity of virus that had been treated with NP-40 and then with PS was unstable; the reactivated virus was inactivated within a short period. It was also very sensitive to trypsin. Treatment of NP-40-treated virus with mixtures of PS and ABMP yielded virus that was more resistant to spontaneous and trypsin-induced inactivation. Thus, PS appears to be an essential for infectivity and ABMP appears to play a supplementary role for maintenance of infectivity, perhaps by protecting against inactivating factors.
mesh_terms: D003840:Deoxycholic Acid / Q000494:pharmacology; D003902:Detergents / Q000494:pharmacology; D006801:Humans; D007624:KB Cells / Q000502:physiology; D007700:Kinetics; D017830:Octoxynol; D010743:Phospholipids / Q000302:isolation & purification / Q000494:pharmacology* / Q000502:physiology; D011092:Polyethylene Glycols / Q000494:pharmacology; D014357:Trypsin; D014616:Vaccinia virus / Q000187:drug effects / Q000502:physiology*
chemical_list: D003902:Detergents; D010743:Phospholipids; D003840:Deoxycholic Acid; D011092:Polyethylene Glycols; D017830:Octoxynol; D014357:Trypsin