title: Paradoxical effects of K+ and D-600 on parathyroid hormone secretion and cytoplasmic Ca2+ in normal bovine and pathological human parathyroid cells.
abstract: The effects of K+ and the Ca2+ channel blocker D-600 on parathyroid hormone (PTH) release and cytoplasmic Ca2+ activity (Ca2+i) were measured at different Ca2+ concentrations in dispersed parathyroid cells from normal cattle and from patients with hyperparathyroidism. When the extracellular Ca2+ concentration was raised within the 0.5-3.0 mM range Ca2+i increased and PTH secretion was inhibited. There was also a stimulatory effect of Ca2+ on secretion as indicated by a parallel decrease of Ca2+i and PTH release when extracellular Ca2+ was reduced to less than 25 nM. Addition of 30-50 mM K+ stimulated PTH release and lowered Ca2+i. The effect of K+ was less pronounced in the human cells with a decreased suppressability of PTH release. The Ca2+ channel blocker D-600 had no effect on Ca2+i and PTH release in the absence of extracellular Ca2+. However, at 0.5-1.0 mM Ca2+, D-600 increased Ca2+i and inhibited PTH release, whereas the opposite effects were obtained at 3.0 mM Ca2+. The transition from inhibition to stimulation occurred at a higher Ca2+ concentration in the human cells and the right-shift in the dose-effect relationship for Ca2+-inhibited PTH release tended to be normalized by D-600. It is suggested that K+ stimulates PTH release by increasing the intracellular sequestration of Ca2+ and that the reduced response in the parathyroid human cells is due to the fact that Ca2+i already is lowered. D-600 appears to have both Ca2+ agonistic and antagonistic actions in facilitating and inhibiting Ca2+ influx into the parathyroid cells at low and high concentrations of extracellular Ca2+, respectively. D-600 and related drugs are considered potentially important for the treatment of hyperparathyroidism.
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002118:Calcium / Q000378:metabolism*; D002417:Cattle; D003593:Cytoplasm / Q000378:metabolism; D004336:Drug Antagonism; D005711:Gallopamil / Q000494:pharmacology*; D006801:Humans; D006961:Hyperparathyroidism / Q000378:metabolism*; D007700:Kinetics; D010280:Parathyroid Glands / Q000187:drug effects / Q000378:metabolism*; D010281:Parathyroid Hormone / Q000378:metabolism*; D011188:Potassium / Q000494:pharmacology*; D014700:Verapamil / Q000494:pharmacology*
chemical_list: D010281:Parathyroid Hormone; D005711:Gallopamil; D014700:Verapamil; D011188:Potassium; D002118:Calcium