Comparison of the mortality of a cohort with the mortality of a reference population in a prognostic study.
It is standard practice in epidemiological studies to compare the observed mortality of a cohort to the mortality expected in a reference population of the same age and sex distributions computed from national statistics. The same methods can be used in a prognostic study where the effects on survival of potential prognostic factors are studied in a cohort of patients with a given disease. Writing the hazard function in the cohort as the product of the hazard function in the reference population and a function of some characteristics of the patients, one can derive simple estimates and statistical tests of the standardised mortality ratios (Breslow et al.). The study of a cohort of patients with thyroid cancer will provide an example.
D000328:Adult; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D009026:Mortality; D011379:Prognosis; D012016:Reference Values; D012306:Risk; D013964:Thyroid Neoplasms / Q000401:mortality