title: Arthroscopic anatomy of the intercarpal and radiocarpal joints of the horse.
abstract: Arthroscopic anatomy of the equine intercarpal and radiocarpal joints was documented in six cadaver limbs and on observations made during surgical treatment of horses with carpal osteochondral fractures. Instrument positions and arthroscopic visualisation were recorded. The cadaver limbs were dissected and iatrogenic lesions recorded. A single arthroscopic portal examination was adequate in both joints; however, a second arthroscopic portal improved visualisation. The intercarpal joint was more easily examined than the radiocarpal joint because of anatomical differences. Iatrogenic lesions were associated with failure of joint capsule distention during penetration.
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001182:Arthroscopy / Q000662:veterinary*; D002350:Carpus, Animal / Q000033:anatomy & histology*; D005552:Forelimb / Q000033:anatomy & histology*; D006734:Horse Diseases / Q000473:pathology; D006736:Horses / Q000033:anatomy & histology*; D007596:Joints / Q000033:anatomy & histology