title: Urinary bladder neoplasms induced in BALB/c female mice with low doses of 2-acetylaminofluorene.
abstract: Large numbers of female BALB/c mice were exposed to low levels of 2-acetylaminofluorene (2-AAF) in the diet. The dose response for urinary bladder neoplasms exhibited a shallow trend to low doses which increased sharply at the higher doses. The dose response over the entire dosage range gave the impression of a "threshold" type response below the mid-doses. Since the tumor incidence at the lower doses was less than 1.0 percent, relatively few urinary bladder tumors occurred. Thus, it was deemed advisable to re-examine noninvasive or early invasive bladder carcinomas and to study the dose response for only the "unequivocal" urinary bladder tumors. Examination of the dose response curves for "unequivocal" urinary bladder tumors showed a positive trend over the low end of the dose range. As a further check, an analysis was conducted on only invasive or metastasizing bladder carcinomas. In this case, there was no significant low dose trend. Thus, the shape of the low dose response curve for bladder carcinomas remains uncertain.
mesh_terms: D015073:2-Acetylaminofluorene / Q000633:toxicity*; D000818:Animals; D002295:Carcinoma, Transitional Cell / Q000139:chemically induced; D003556:Cystitis / Q000139:chemically induced; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D005260:Female; D051379:Mice; D008807:Mice, Inbred BALB C; D009367:Neoplasm Staging; D011336:Probability; D001749:Urinary Bladder Neoplasms / Q000139:chemically induced* / Q000473:pathology
chemical_list: D015073:2-Acetylaminofluorene