title: 5-(Haloalkyl)-2'-deoxyuridines: a novel type of potent antiviral nucleoside analogue.
abstract: Syntheses of 5-(2-haloethyl)-2'-deoxyuridines, 5-(3-chloropropyl)-2'-deoxyuridines, and 5-(2-chloroethyl)-2'-deoxycytidine are described. The antiviral activities of these compounds were determined in cell culture against herpes simplex virus types 1 and 2. All compounds were shown to possess significant and selective antiviral activity. The most potent derivative, 5-(2-chloroethyl)-2'-deoxyuridine (CEDU), inhibited HSV-1 at concentrations below 0.1 microgram/mL. It exerted measurable inhibitory effects on cell proliferation only at concentrations higher than 100 micrograms/mL. In vivo CEDU reduced the mortality rate of HSV-1-infected mice at concentrations lower than 5 mg/kg per day when given intraperitoneally and orally. Thus, it proved to be more effective in this in vivo model than the reference compounds (E)-5-(2-bromovinyl)-2'-deoxyuridine (BVDU) and 9-[(2-hydroxyethoxy)methyl]guanine (ACV).
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001973:Bromodeoxyuridine / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000627:therapeutic use; D055598:Chemical Phenomena; D002621:Chemistry; D003857:Deoxyuridine / Q000031:analogs & derivatives* / Q000138:chemical synthesis / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D004305:Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; D006219:Halogens / Q000138:chemical synthesis / Q000627:therapeutic use; D006561:Herpes Simplex / Q000188:drug therapy*; D051379:Mice; D051381:Rats
chemical_list: D006219:Halogens; C020235:brivudine; D001973:Bromodeoxyuridine; D003857:Deoxyuridine