title: Evidence for increased hepatic sympathetic nerve activity resulting in hyperglycemia in response to hemorrhage-induced reflex stimulation in anesthetized dogs.
abstract: To investigate the role of the sympathoadrenal system in glucose mobilization by the liver during hemorrhage, catecholamine (CA) output from both adrenal glands was determined in anesthetized dogs. Venous blood draining from both adrenal glands was combined in a Y-tube that was connected to an electromagnetic flow probe to measure total adrenal venous blood flow. Plasma concentrations of norepinephrine (NE), epinephrine (E), dopamine (DA), and glucose (GL) were determined in various vascular regions. Adrenal CA output (nanograms per minute) under basal conditions was 50.2 +/- 13.6, 181.4 +/- 41.9, and 13.7 +/- 4.8 for NE, E, and DA, respectively. These values were found to increase significantly (P less than 0.05) in response to 5 min of hemorrhage, reaching a maximum output (nanograms per minute) of 663.6 +/- 160.6 (NE), 2503.4 +/- 607.8 (E), and 141.7 +/- 43.7 (DA). Aortic CAs (nanograms per millilitre) increased significantly with a predominant increase in E (0.33 +/- 0.08 to 3.75 +/- 1.03, P less than 0.05). In contrast, increases in portal and hepatic venous CAs (nanograms per millilitre) were characterized by a predominant increase in NE (0.30 +/- 0.06 to 0.64 +/- 0.11 and 0.17 +/- 0.02 to 0.31 +/- 0.07, respectively, P less than 0.05). Hepatic venous and aortic GL concentrations also increased significantly during hemorrhage. Among the various correlations between plasma CA and GL concentrations, the strongest correlation was found between hepatic venous NE and hepatic venous GL (r = 0.804, P less than 0.001). Correlation coefficients obtained with aortic NE and E were weaker but significant (r = 0.603 and r = 0.608, respectively, P less than 0.01).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
mesh_terms: D000311:Adrenal Glands / Q000378:metabolism; D000758:Anesthesia; D000818:Animals; D001786:Blood Glucose / Q000378:metabolism; D002395:Catecholamines / Q000378:metabolism; D004285:Dogs; D004298:Dopamine / Q000097:blood; D004837:Epinephrine / Q000097:blood; D006470:Hemorrhage / Q000097:blood / Q000503:physiopathology*; D008099:Liver / Q000294:innervation*; D008297:Male; D009638:Norepinephrine / Q000097:blood; D012018:Reflex; D013564:Sympathetic Nervous System / Q000503:physiopathology*
chemical_list: D001786:Blood Glucose; D002395:Catecholamines; D004298:Dopamine; D009638:Norepinephrine; D004837:Epinephrine