title: Energy intake, weight gain and fat deposition in rats fed flavored, nutritionally controlled diets in a multichoice ("cafeteria") design.
abstract: The effect of flavor variety on diet selection, energy intake, weight gain and fat deposition was studied in male rats fed flavored, nutritionally controlled, purified diets in a multichoice "cafeteria" (CAF) arrangement. Serum insulin, L-3,3',5-triiodothyronine (T3) and thyroxine (T4) levels were also determined. Rats fed nutritionally balanced diets containing a variety of preferred flavors and textural forms ad libitum in a CAF design did not consume more energy nor did they gain more weight than rats fed a single choice of nutritionally balanced diet with no modifications in flavor or texture. Feeding high fat, high sucrose diets containing a variety of flavors in a CAF arrangement resulted in higher energy intake, body weight gain, lipid content in fat pads and serum T3 levels than did feeding the nutritionally balanced diet. However, the high fat diet with no added flavors also resulted in an energy intake, body weight gain and lipid content of fat pads at a level equal or close to that produced by the CAF feeding of the flavored, high fat, high sucrose diet. It is therefore concluded that the effect of a variety of food flavors on hyperphagia and fat deposition is of minor importance in purified diets compared to the stimulating effect of the fat in the diet.
mesh_terms: D002001:Adipose Tissue, Brown / Q000378:metabolism; D000704:Analysis of Variance; D000818:Animals; D001835:Body Weight; D004040:Dietary Carbohydrates / Q000378:metabolism; D004041:Dietary Fats / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000378:metabolism*; D002149:Energy Intake; D005421:Flavoring Agents; D005518:Food Preferences; D006963:Hyperphagia / Q000209:etiology; D008099:Liver / Q000032:analysis; D008297:Male; D009747:Nutritional Physiological Phenomena; D009929:Organ Size; D051381:Rats; D011919:Rats, Inbred Strains; D013974:Thyroxine / Q000032:analysis; D014284:Triiodothyronine / Q000032:analysis
chemical_list: D004040:Dietary Carbohydrates; D004041:Dietary Fats; D005421:Flavoring Agents; D014284:Triiodothyronine; D013974:Thyroxine