title: The cercarial emergence of Schistosoma japonicum from Oncomelania quadrasi under outdoor conditions in the Philippines.
abstract: The cercarial emergence of Schistosoma japonicum from Oncomelania quadrasi was observed under outdoor conditions in Leyte, Philippines. Nocturnal periodicity of the emergence within 24 hours was recognized. Peak emergence usually occurs between 18:00 and 20:00 and occasionally between 8:00 and 10:00. The peaks were usually synchronized with a sudden lowering of water temperature and light intensity and occasionally with their increase. As the nocturnal periodicity of the emergence was observed in the dark and outdoors, it was suggested that emergence might be dependent on temperature, which is secondarily influenced by photoperiodicity and light intensity.
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D003624:Darkness; D008027:Light; D010679:Philippines; D012549:Schistosoma japonicum / Q000254:growth & development*; D012908:Snails / Q000469:parasitology*; D013696:Temperature; D013997:Time Factors