title: Surreptitious warfarin ingestion.
abstract: Munchausen by proxy has been reported involving children who have been given various drugs or toxins. In addition, there is a body of adult literature regarding covert anticoagulant ingestion. This is a case of an 11-month-old female who appears to combine features of both of these syndromes. This child presented with an acute left hemorrhagic otitis media. The physical examination was unremarkable except for the following: weight, fifth percentile; left external auditory canal filled with blood with the right external canal and tympanic membrane being normal; and several scattered 1 X 2 cm firm, movable, nontender, purple nodules on extremities, chest and forehead. The coagulation studies were consistent with Vitamin K deficiency secondary to anticoagulant ingestion. A serum warfarin study confirmed our suspicions. The mother was noted to have a dependent relationship with her child and characteristics of those involved in Munchausen by proxy: falsifying information and thwarting medical assessment. In addition, she displayed some of the characteristics found commonly in anticoagulant malingerers. She was depressed, with limited medical knowledge, and had access to warfarin. The mother was admitted for inpatient psychiatric care and the patient placed with an extended family member. This case report describes the use of an anticoagulant to induce illness in a child by a psychologically ill mother. This form of child abuse must be considered in the differential diagnoses of hemorrhagic disorders.
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D001778:Blood Coagulation Disorders / Q000175:diagnosis; D002649:Child Abuse; D003937:Diagnosis, Differential; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D009110:Munchausen Syndrome / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000523:psychology; D014813:Vitamin K Deficiency / Q000139:chemically induced; D014859:Warfarin / Q000009:adverse effects*
chemical_list: D014859:Warfarin