title: Studies on the in vivo and in vitro distribution of apolipoprotein A-IV in human plasma and lymph.
abstract: To investigate the unique distribution in plasma of apolipoprotein A-IV (apo A-IV) we have determined, in a series of in vitro and in vivo studies, the redistribution among lipoproteins of 125I-apo A-IV. Free 125I-apo A-IV associated predominantly with high density lipoprotein (HDL) (72 +/- 3.5%) in incubations with plasma, and with triglyceride-rich lipoproteins (TRL) (65 +/- 3.0%) in incubations with lymph, rather than with the lipoprotein-deficient fraction (LDF) where greater than 90% of apo A-IV resides. Incubations with 125I-apo A-IV (incorporated within HDL or TRL) also resulted in similar redistributions of label. Specific radioactivities of apo A-IV in HDL and in TRL were of a similar order and 15-fold higher than those in LDF. However, when 125I-apo A-IV in LDF was incubated with plasma, 57 +/- 2.6% of label remained in the LDF, though the specific radioactivity of apo A-IV in HDL was 15-fold higher than in LDF. Thus, apo A-IV apparently exchanges freely between TRL, HDL, and a part of apo A-IV in LDF, but most of apo A-IV in LDF is refractive to free exchange or transfer. In vivo experiments carried out in five subjects, in which 125I-apo A-IV was injected within TRL, HDL, or LDF, were consistent with the in vitro data in showing rapid exchange of label among plasma apo A-IV containing fractions with much higher specific radioactivities in HDL than in LDF (10-30-fold). However, the small fraction of apo A-IV in LDF that did become labeled was removed from plasma in a biexponential fashion and at the same rate as from HDL. Thus, only a small fraction of the bulk of apo A-IV in plasma LDF exchanges freely with apo A-IV in TRL and HDL, suggesting that apo A-IV in LDF exists in at least two pools. This is consistent with our previous findings that apo A-IV in plasma is present in two distinct complexes with lipids and other peptides.
mesh_terms: D001054:Apolipoproteins A / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000097:blood* / Q000302:isolation & purification; D002914:Chylomicrons / Q000378:metabolism; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D066298:In Vitro Techniques; D008074:Lipoproteins / Q000172:deficiency; D008075:Lipoproteins, HDL / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000097:blood; D008079:Lipoproteins, VLDL / Q000097:blood; D008196:Lymph / Q000378:metabolism*; D008297:Male; D014280:Triglycerides / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000097:blood
chemical_list: D001054:Apolipoproteins A; D002914:Chylomicrons; D008074:Lipoproteins; D008075:Lipoproteins, HDL; D008079:Lipoproteins, VLDL; D014280:Triglycerides; C022205:apolipoprotein A-IV