Pure-tone and acoustic immittance screening of preschool-aged children: an examination of referral criteria.
Seventy-five 3- and 4-yr-old children participated in a hearing screening program that included both pure-tone and acoustic immittance measures. ASHA's guidelines for acoustic immittance screening were modified to include a rescreening of all children failing the immittance test. Results were then compared to those projected from the existing ASHA criteria and two other screening protocols. Our findings revealed a higher incidence of otologic abnormalities in preschoolers compared to school-aged children and a higher incidence of false positives, even when immittance rescreening was provided. Pure-tone audiometry was ineffective as a means of identifying otologic abnormalities. A comparison of the immittance screening protocols indicated that the ASHA guidelines are likely to result in an excessive number of false-positive medical referrals. Recommendations are made for procedural modifications aimed at improving the efficiency of this procedure.
D000158:Acoustic Impedance Tests; D001299:Audiometry; D001301:Audiometry, Pure-Tone; D002675:Child, Preschool; D004427:Ear Diseases / Q000150:complications; D004432:Ear, Middle; D006311:Hearing Disorders / Q000175:diagnosis* / Q000209:etiology; D006801:Humans; D012017:Referral and Consultation; D012189:Retrospective Studies