title: Comparison of long-term, low-dose pivmecillinam and nitrofurantoin in the control of recurrent urinary tract infection in children. An open, randomized, cross-over study.
abstract: Thirty-five children with a history of vesicoureteric reflux or with recurrent urinary tract infections were randomly allocated to low-dose prophylactic treatment with pivmecillinam or nitrofurantoin. After 6-10 months they were crossed over to the alternate drug for another 6 months, but only 24 completed the study because of lack of compliance or intolerance to nitrofurantoin. There was no significant difference in the long-term prophylactic effect between the two drugs, the overall infection rate being 0.7/patient-year. Pivmecillinam was significantly better tolerated than nitrofurantoin (P = 0.01). Nitrofurantoin effected no major change in the faecal flora, and nearly all urinary infections occurring during long-term treatment were caused by Escherichia coli. In contrast, a marked reduction of E. coli and a marked increase in Gram-positive cocci were found in the faecal flora during treatment with pivmecillinam. Seventy per cent of infections were caused by Streptococcus faecalis and only 20% by E. coli during pivmecillinam treatment (P = 0.001).
mesh_terms: D000293:Adolescent; D000560:Amdinocillin / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D000561:Amdinocillin Pivoxil / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D002648:Child; D002675:Child, Preschool; D004361:Drug Tolerance; D005243:Feces / Q000382:microbiology; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007223:Infant; D008297:Male; D009582:Nitrofurantoin / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000009:adverse effects / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D011897:Random Allocation; D012008:Recurrence; D014552:Urinary Tract Infections / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000382:microbiology
chemical_list: D000561:Amdinocillin Pivoxil; D009582:Nitrofurantoin; D000560:Amdinocillin