title: Induction of sister-chromatid exchanges and cell-cycle delays in human lymphocytes by vitamin A alone or in combination with melphalan and caffeine.
abstract: In cultured human lymphocytes vitamin A was found to increase SCE rates, to reduce the mitotic index and to have no effect on cell kinetics. Vitamin A induces cytotoxic effects: in combination with melphalan (MELPH), as can be deduced from the resulted synergism on induction of SCEs, the produced cell division delay and the suppressed mitotic index; in combination with caffeine (CAF), producing synergism on induction of SCEs and suppressing the mitotic index; and in combination with MELPH and CAF, producing cell-cycle delays and reducing the mitotic index.
mesh_terms: D002110:Caffeine / Q000494:pharmacology*; D002478:Cells, Cultured; D004357:Drug Synergism; D006801:Humans; D008214:Lymphocytes / Q000166:cytology / Q000187:drug effects*; D008558:Melphalan / Q000494:pharmacology*; D008938:Mitosis / Q000187:drug effects; D008940:Mitotic Index / Q000187:drug effects; D012854:Sister Chromatid Exchange / Q000187:drug effects*; D014801:Vitamin A / Q000494:pharmacology*
chemical_list: D014801:Vitamin A; D002110:Caffeine; D008558:Melphalan