title: Plasma norepinephrine, epinephrine and corticosterone stress responses to restraint in individual male and female rats, and their correlations.
abstract: Norepinephrine (NE), epinephrine (E), and corticosterone (C) levels were determined in the same male and female rats before and during a 30-min period of restraint. Individual values were compared within and among NE, E and C. Individual rats responded differently to immobilization and females usually showed higher stress values. NE and E levels rose smoothly and simultaneously in all animals and peaked early. The early (5 min) NE and E levels, but not the baseline values (0 min), predicted the total extent of the NE and E stress responses in both sexes. The C response was relatively independent of either E or NE. The male C response, but not the female C response, was strongly predicted by the C 5-min level, and significantly predicted by the C 15-min level. Additionally, the male C response, unlike the E, NE or female C response, was biphasic, dropping significantly below baseline at 5 min before rising to peak levels at the end of immobilization (30 min).
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D003345:Corticosterone / Q000097:blood*; D004837:Epinephrine / Q000097:blood*; D005260:Female; D008297:Male; D009638:Norepinephrine / Q000097:blood*; D051381:Rats; D011919:Rats, Inbred Strains; D012149:Restraint, Physical / Q000009:adverse effects*; D013312:Stress, Physiological / Q000097:blood* / Q000209:etiology; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D003345:Corticosterone; D009638:Norepinephrine; D004837:Epinephrine