title: Effect of moderate to very low fat defined formula diets on serum lipids in healthy subjects.
abstract: Serum total cholesterol, high density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol, and triglyceride levels were studied in healthy male and female subjects consuming for one-week periods a diet of conventional food (CF) providing 42% of energy as fat, principally butter fat, and then in random order nutritionally complete, defined formula diets of moderate (32%) to very low (1%) fat content. Compared to CF, the formula with 32% of energy as corn oil lowered serum cholesterol by 25% and the ratio of total to HDL-cholesterol by 13%. Low (9%) and very low (1-3%) fat formulas reduced HDL-cholesterol by as much as 40%, raised the total:HDL-cholesterol ratio by about 20% and raised serum triglyceride levels by as much as 100%. When low and very low fat formulas were ingested for three weeks, these effects persisted although maximal responses occurred during the first week. These results demonstrated that a moderate fat formula diet with a high P/S ratio had a more favorable effect on serum lipid levels than various low fat formulas. Low fat conventional food diets should be studied in long-term controlled metabolic experiments before such diets are recommended to the general population for coronary heart disease or cancer prevention.
mesh_terms: D008076:Cholesterol, HDL / Q000097:blood; D004041:Dietary Fats / Q000494:pharmacology*; D004435:Eating; D002149:Energy Intake; D005215:Fasting; D005260:Female; D005526:Food, Formulated; D006801:Humans; D008055:Lipids / Q000097:blood*; D008297:Male; D012016:Reference Values; D012450:Safflower Oil; D012737:Sex Factors
chemical_list: D008076:Cholesterol, HDL; D004041:Dietary Fats; D008055:Lipids; D012450:Safflower Oil