Effects of sodium nitroprusside-induced hypotension on the cerebral and hindlimb blood flow in dogs.
Sodium nitroprusside (SNP) has been commonly used as a vasodilator agent for deliberate hypotension with general anesthesia. The purpose of this study was to observe whether cerebral blood flow (CBF) was significantly reduced when SNP infusion was accomplished to decrease peripheral blood flows with systemic hypotension. We conducted the experiments in 15 pentobarbital-anesthetized dogs. CBF was measured in 7 dogs using a venous outflow method. Hindlimb blood flow (HBF) serving as a representative of the peripheral circulations was obtained by flow measurement in the femoral artery in 8 dogs. The systemic arteral pressure (SAP) was decreased stepwise (approximately 5 mmHg for each step) by adjusting the SNP infusion rate. During the systemic hypotension, the CBF remained fairly constant despite a marked decline in the mean SAP to 40 mmHg. The calculated cerebral vascular resistance was progressively decreased with the systemic hypotension. On the contrary, a reduction in the HBF was observed accompanying the fall in SAP. When the mean SAP was decreased to 50 mmHg, the HBF was only 46.3 +/- 7.6% of the control value. The calculated hindlimb vascular resistance was slightly elevated during the whole course of SNP-induced hypotension. The results reveal the disparity between the brain and hindlimb in the resistance and flow responses to SNP-induced hypotension. The constancy of CBF subserves adequate brain perfusion when deliberate hypotension is conducted for surgery in the peripheral organs.
D000818:Animals; D001794:Blood Pressure / Q000187:drug effects; D002560:Cerebrovascular Circulation / Q000187:drug effects*; D004285:Dogs; D005260:Female; D005292:Ferricyanides / Q000494:pharmacology*; D006614:Hindlimb / Q000098:blood supply; D007022:Hypotension / Q000139:chemically induced*; D008297:Male; D009132:Muscles / Q000098:blood supply*; D009599:Nitroprusside / Q000494:pharmacology*; D012039:Regional Blood Flow / Q000187:drug effects; D014655:Vascular Resistance / Q000187:drug effects*
D005292:Ferricyanides; D009599:Nitroprusside