title: Surveys of natural radiation exposure in UK dwellings with passive and active measurement techniques.
abstract: A representative sample of over 2,000 UK dwellings was monitored for a year using thermoluminescent and etchable plastic dosemeters to measure gamma-ray dose rates and radon concentrations. The survey was carried out by post. Each householder completed a questionnaire on the type of dwelling and its characteristics. These data will be used in the assessment of the factors affecting indoor exposure. The mean gamma-ray dose rates were 0.062 and 0.057 microGy h-1 in air and the mean radon concentrations were 25 and 18 Bq m-3 for living areas and bedrooms respectively. Other results of the preliminary data analysis are given. More detailed surveys were conducted in areas where the local geology indicated that elevated exposures to natural radiation might occur. Over 800 dwellings were visited and measurements made of several parameters. The mean gamma-ray dose rates varied from 0.05 to 0.10 microGy h-1 in air. The mean radon concentrations varied from 14 Bq m-3 to 520 Bq m-3. Other findings related to equilibrium factors and regional differences are discussed.
mesh_terms: D004781:Environmental Exposure; D006798:Housing; D006801:Humans; D008834:Microclimate; D011827:Radiation; D011834:Radiation Monitoring / Q000379:methods*; D012621:Seasons; D006113:United Kingdom