title: [Neuroblastoma metastatic to the skull. Radiologic aspects and therapeutic problems].
abstract: Clinical-radiological findings, treatment and prognosis of cranial involvement in 19 cases of neuroblastoma stage IV have been considered. The most frequent clinical features were periorbital ecchymosis and intracranial hypertension. The radiographic aspects, graduated according to the type of the lesion, showed a close correlation with clinical findings and sometimes preceded them. Computerized tomography, carried out in 12 cases, was more reliable than plain films in identifying the site and extent of cranial lesions and the presence of cerebral extensions, as occurred in 2 patients. The presence of cranial involvement at diagnosis was an unfavorable prognostic sign. The 19 children were treated in various ways so that firm conclusions cannot be drawn, but cranial radiotherapy in combination with chemotherapy appeared to be more efficacious than chemotherapy alone.
mesh_terms: D003131:Combined Modality Therapy; D006801:Humans; D009447:Neuroblastoma / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000532:radiotherapy / Q000556:secondary*; D012888:Skull Neoplasms / Q000000981:diagnostic imaging / Q000188:drug therapy / Q000532:radiotherapy / Q000556:secondary*; D014057:Tomography, X-Ray Computed
vernacular_title: Neuroblastoma metastatico al cranio. Aspetti radiologici e problemi terapeutici.