title: A strategy for management of upper tract calculus disease.
abstract: Extracorporeal shockwave lithotripsy, percutaneous nephrolithotomy and ureterorenoscopy now mean that approximately 98% of all renal and 85% of all ureteric calculi can be treated effectively, without recourse to open operative intervention, in centres possessing the necessary equipment and expertise. Experience with these techniques allows us to propose a strategy for the surgical treatment of upper tract stone disease.
mesh_terms: D006801:Humans; D007669:Kidney Calculi / Q000628:therapy; D008096:Lithotripsy; D014514:Ureteral Calculi / Q000628:therapy; D014545:Urinary Calculi / Q000601:surgery / Q000628:therapy*