title: The physical dependence liabilities of oxybutynin and morphine in rats.
abstract: The anticholinergic/antispasmodic agent oxybutynin does not induce physical dependence in rats when administered by oral gavage twice daily for 40 days; nor did challenge with naloxone precipitate withdrawal signs in these (oxybutynin-treated) animals. In contrast, morphine treatment resulted in a high degree of physical dependence as evidenced by the withdrawal signs noted after treatment was halted. Challenge with naloxone also induced severe withdrawal signs in morphine-treated rats. Withdrawal signs characterised by squealing, teeth chattering and "wet-dog" shakes were seen in one from five morphine-treated rats challenged with oxybutynin.
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D008297:Male; D008333:Mandelic Acids / Q000009:adverse effects; D009020:Morphine / Q000009:adverse effects; D009021:Morphine Dependence; D009270:Naloxone / Q000494:pharmacology; D051381:Rats; D011919:Rats, Inbred Strains; D013375:Substance Withdrawal Syndrome; D019966:Substance-Related Disorders
chemical_list: D008333:Mandelic Acids; D009270:Naloxone; D009020:Morphine; C005419:oxybutynin