Effective dose equivalent and associated risks from mass chest radiography in Kuwait.
The number of x-ray examinations performed on persons undergoing mass chest radiography in Kuwait reached a maximum of 1.858 X 10(5) in 1982 with miniature radiography (70 mm) claiming more than 90% of the total number and the rest done with the large film technique. The annual prevalence of asymptomatic tuberculosis patients diagnosed by x rays, as reported by the project statistics, does not, in our opinion, justify exposing such a large population. In this paper, the effective dose equivalent is calculated from both miniature and large film mass chest radiography as applied in Kuwait. The values obtained are 283 mu Sv and 35.5 mu Sv, respectively. These figures yield calculated risks of fatal malignancies per examination of 3.37 X 10(-6) and 0.422 X 10(-6), respectively. The annual collective effective dose equivalent to the population undergoing mass chest radiography in Kuwait during the 7 y 1977-1983 is found to vary between 38-48 man-Sv. These figures are used to calculate an average of 0.5 additional cases of fatal malignancies per year, or about 12 excess fatalities in the forthcoming 25-y period if the number of mass chest x-ray examinations stays at its existing level. A total of 98% of these calculated excess fatalities result from the predominant technique, miniature radiography.
D000293:Adolescent; D000328:Adult; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D007730:Kuwait; D007953:Leukemia, Radiation-Induced / Q000209:etiology; D008297:Male; D008400:Mass Chest X-Ray; D008875:Middle Aged; D009381:Neoplasms, Radiation-Induced / Q000209:etiology; D011829:Radiation Dosage; D012306:Risk; D014397:Tuberculosis, Pulmonary / Q000517:prevention & control*