title: Upper and lower lip reconstruction using the step technique.
abstract: The step technique for lip reconstruction is a simple, flexible, one-stage operation that allows reconstruction of full-thickness defects spanning up to two-thirds of the lower lip and, in our experience, one-half of the upper lip without violating the opposite lip or using distant advancement flaps. Twelve patients, ranging in age from 24 to 86 years, underwent full-thickness lip excisions for squamous cell and deeply invading basal cell carcinomas. Reconstruction was achieved by advancing the remaining lateral lip elements to close the defects in a stepwise fashion without violating the remaining orbicularis oris muscle. All patients had a symmetrical, mobile, oral sphincter with intact commissures, adequate buccal sulcus, no symptomatic microstomia, and normal sensation at the completion of the procedure. There have been no recurrences in a nine-month to four-year follow-up, and satisfactory aesthetic results were achieved.
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000368:Aged; D002280:Basal Cell Carcinoma / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery*; D002294:Carcinoma, Squamous Cell / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery*; D005260:Female; D006801:Humans; D008048:Lip Neoplasms / Q000473:pathology / Q000601:surgery*; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D013518:Surgery, Plastic