title: Ammonium regulation in Aspergillus nidulans.
abstract: l-Glutamate uptake, thiourea uptake, and methylammonium uptake and the intracellular ammonium concentration were measured in wild-type and mutant cells of Aspergillus nidulans held in various concentrations of ammonium and urea. The levels of l-glutamate uptake, thiourea uptake, nitrate reductase, and hypoxanthine dehydrogenase activity are determined by the extracellular ammonium concentration. The level of methylammonium uptake is determined by the intracellular ammonium concentration. The uptake and enzyme characteristics of the ammonium-derepressed mutants, meaA8, meaB6, DER3, amrA1, xprD1, and gdhA1, are described. The gdhA mutants lack normal nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate-glutamate dehydrogenase (NADP-GDH) activity and are derepressed with respect to both external and internal ammonium. The other mutant classes are derepressed only with respect to external ammonium. The mutants meaA8, DER3, amrA1, and xprD1 have low levels of one or more of the l-glutamate, thiourea, and methylammonium uptake systems. A model for ammonium regulation in A. nidulans is put forward which suggests: (i) NADP-GDH located in the cell membrane complexes with extracellular ammonium. This first regulatory complex determines the level of l-glutamate uptake, thiourea uptake, nitrate reductase, and xanthine dehydrogenase by repression or inhibition, or both. (ii) NADP-GDH also complexes with intracellular ammonium. This second and different form of regulatory complex determines the level of methylammonium uptake by repression or inhibition, or both.
mesh_terms: D001230:Aspergillus / Q000378:metabolism*; D001233:Aspergillus nidulans / Q000201:enzymology / Q000378:metabolism; D002247:Carbon Isotopes; D003470:Culture Media; D004352:Drug Resistance, Microbial; D004794:Enzyme Repression; D005969:Glutamate Dehydrogenase / Q000378:metabolism; D005971:Glutamates / Q000378:metabolism; D009154:Mutation; D009247:NADH, NADPH Oxidoreductases / Q000378:metabolism; D009565:Nitrate Reductases / Q000378:metabolism; D000644:Quaternary Ammonium Compounds / Q000378:metabolism*; D013890:Thiourea / Q000378:metabolism; D014969:Xanthine Oxidase / Q000378:metabolism
chemical_list: D002247:Carbon Isotopes; D003470:Culture Media; D005971:Glutamates; D000644:Quaternary Ammonium Compounds; D014969:Xanthine Oxidase; D005969:Glutamate Dehydrogenase; D009247:NADH, NADPH Oxidoreductases; D009565:Nitrate Reductases; D013890:Thiourea