The hormonal regulation of enzymes in penatal and postnatal rat liver. Effects of adenosine 3',5'-(cyclic)-monophosphate.
1. The administration of glucagon, cAMP [adenosine 3',5'-(cyclic)-monophosphate], BcAMP [6-N-2'-O-dibutyryladenosine 3',5'-(cyclic)-monophosphate] or adrenaline to foetal rats during the last 2 days of gestation evoked the appearance of tyrosine aminotransferase and enhanced the accumulation of glucose 6-phosphatase in the liver. In foetuses 1-2 days younger only BcAMP was effective. After birth liver glucose 6-phosphatase no longer responds to glucagon or BcAMP. Tyrosine aminotransferase is still inducible by these agents in 2-day-old rats, but not in 50-day-old rats. After adrenalectomy of adults glucagon or BcAMP can enhance the induction of the enzyme by hydrocortisone. The results indicate that the ability to synthesize tyrosine aminotransferase and glucose 6-phosphatase when exposed to cAMP develops sooner than the ability to respond to glucagon with an increase in the concentration of cAMP; the responsiveness of enzymes to different hormones changes with age. A scheme illustrating the sequential development of competence in regulating the level of an enzyme is presented. 2. Actinomycin inhibited the effects of glucagon and BcAMP on liver tyrosine aminotransferase and glucose 6-phosphatase in foetal rats. Growth hormone, insulin and hydrocortisone did not enhance the formation of these enzymes. 3. The time-course of accumulation of glucose 6-phosphatase in the kidney is different from that in the liver. Hormones that increase the accumulation in foetal liver do not do so in the kidney of the same foetus or in the livers of postnatal rats.
D000227:Adenine Nucleotides / Q000494:pharmacology*; D000315:Adrenalectomy; D000367:Age Factors; D000818:Animals; D000242:Cyclic AMP / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology; D003609:Dactinomycin / Q000494:pharmacology; D004357:Drug Synergism; D004790:Enzyme Induction; D004837:Epinephrine / Q000494:pharmacology; D005260:Female; D005865:Gestational Age; D005934:Glucagon / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology; D005952:Glucose-6-Phosphatase / Q000032:analysis*; D013006:Growth Hormone / Q000494:pharmacology; D006854:Hydrocortisone / Q000494:pharmacology; D007328:Insulin / Q000494:pharmacology; D007668:Kidney / Q000201:enzymology; D008099:Liver / Q000201:enzymology*; D011247:Pregnancy; D051381:Rats; D014444:Tyrosine Transaminase / Q000032:analysis* / Q000494:pharmacology*
D000227:Adenine Nucleotides; D007328:Insulin; D003609:Dactinomycin; D013006:Growth Hormone; D005934:Glucagon; D000242:Cyclic AMP; D014444:Tyrosine Transaminase; D005952:Glucose-6-Phosphatase; D006854:Hydrocortisone; D004837:Epinephrine