title: Animal identification. I. Liquid nitrogen branding of cattle.
abstract: A number of branding tools of various metals and various sizes in combination with several wetting agents were cooled with liquid nitrogen and applied for different lengths of time to calves and mature cattle. White hair appeared in the shape of the brand on the animals in place of dark hair when the application was properly carried out. Best results can be obtained by using metal irons at least 25 millimeters thick and 14 millimeters wide with xylol as a wetting agent for ten seconds in young or thin skinned animals and up to twenty seconds in mature or thick skinned animals.
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D002417:Cattle; D005615:Freezing; D009584:Nitrogen; D012867:Skin / Q000187:drug effects*
chemical_list: D009584:Nitrogen