title: Nitrate transport system in Neurospora crassa.
abstract: Nitrate uptake in Neurospora crassa has been investigated under various conditions of nitrogen nutrition by measuring the rate of disappearance of nitrate from the medium and by determining mycelial nitrate accumulation. The nitrate transport system is induced by either nitrate or nitrite, but is not present in mycelia grown on ammonia or Casamino Acids. The appearance of nitrate uptake activity is prevented by cycloheximide, puromycin, or 6-methyl purine. The induced nitrate transport system displays a K(m) for nitrate of 0.25 mM. Nitrate uptake is inhibited by metabolic poisons such as 2,4-dinitrophenol, cyanide, and antimycin A. Furthermore, mycelia can concentrate nitrate 50-fold. Ammonia and nitrite are non-competitive inhibitors with respect to nitrate, with K(i) values of 0.13 and 0.17 mM, respectively. Ammonia does not repress the formation of the nitrate transport system. In contrast, the nitrate uptake system is repressed by Casamino Acids. All amino acids individually prevent nitrate accumulation, with the exception of methionine, glutamine, and alanine. The influence of nitrate reduction and the nitrate reductase protein on nitrate transport was investigated in wild-type Neurospora lacking a functional nitrate reductase and in nitrate non-utilizing mutants, nit-1, nit-2, and nit-3. These mycelia contain an inducible nitrate transport system which displays the same characteristics as those found in the wild-type mycelia having the functional nitrate reductase. These findings suggest that nitrate transport is not dependent upon nitrate reduction and that these two processes are separate events in the assimilation of nitrate.
mesh_terms: D000596:Amino Acids / Q000378:metabolism; D000641:Ammonia / Q000378:metabolism; D000968:Antimycin A / Q000494:pharmacology; D001693:Biological Transport, Active; D002474:Cell-Free System; D003470:Culture Media; D003486:Cyanides / Q000494:pharmacology; D003513:Cycloheximide / Q000494:pharmacology; D004140:Dinitrophenols / Q000494:pharmacology; D004790:Enzyme Induction; D004794:Enzyme Repression; D005656:Fungal Proteins / Q000096:biosynthesis; D009154:Mutation; D009491:Neurospora / Q000378:metabolism*; D009492:Neurospora crassa / Q000201:enzymology / Q000378:metabolism; D009565:Nitrate Reductases / Q000378:metabolism; D009566:Nitrates / Q000378:metabolism*; D009572:Nitrite Reductases / Q000378:metabolism; D009573:Nitrites / Q000378:metabolism; D011687:Purines / Q000494:pharmacology; D011691:Puromycin / Q000494:pharmacology; D012313:RNA / Q000096:biosynthesis; D014414:Tungsten / Q000494:pharmacology; D014639:Vanadium / Q000494:pharmacology
chemical_list: D000596:Amino Acids; D003470:Culture Media; D003486:Cyanides; D004140:Dinitrophenols; D005656:Fungal Proteins; D009566:Nitrates; D009573:Nitrites; D011687:Purines; D014639:Vanadium; D011691:Puromycin; D012313:RNA; D000968:Antimycin A; D000641:Ammonia; D003513:Cycloheximide; D009565:Nitrate Reductases; D009572:Nitrite Reductases; D014414:Tungsten