title: The activities of fructose 1,6-diphosphatase, phosphofructokinase and phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase in white muscle and red muscle.
abstract: 1. The activities of fructose 1,6-diphosphatase were measured in extracts of muscles of various physiological function, and compared with the activities of other enzymes including phosphofructokinase, phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase and the lactate-dehydrogenase isoenzymes. 2. The activity of phosphofructokinase greatly exceeded that of fructose diphosphatase in all muscles tested, and it is concluded that fructose diphosphatase could not play any significant role in the regulation of fructose 6-phosphate phosphorylation in muscle. 3. Fructose-diphosphatase activity was highest in white muscle and low in red muscle. No activity was detected in heart or a deep-red skeletal muscle, rabbit semitendinosus. 4. The lactate-dehydrogenase isoenzyme ratio (activities at high and low substrate concentration) was measured in various muscles because a low ratio is characteristic of muscles that are more dependent on glycolysis for their energy production. As the ratio decreased the activity of fructose diphosphatase increased, which suggests that highest fructose-diphosphatase activity is found in muscles that depend most on glycolysis. 5. There was a good correlation between the activities of fructose diphosphatase and phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase in white muscle, where the activities of these enzymes were similar to those of liver and kidney cortex. However, the activities of pyruvate carboxylase and glucose 6-phosphatase were very low in white muscle, thereby excluding the possibility of gluconeogenesis from pyruvate and lactate. 6. It is suggested that the presence of fructose diphosphatase and phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase in white muscle may be related to operation of the alpha-glycerophosphate-dihydroxyacetone phosphate and malate-oxaloacetate cycles in this tissue.
mesh_terms: D000818:Animals; D001001:Anura; D001717:Birds; D002021:Buffers; D002262:Carboxy-Lyases / Q000378:metabolism*; D002415:Cats; D002499:Centrifugation, Density Gradient; D006224:Cricetinae; D003445:Crustacea; D006597:Fructose-Bisphosphatase / Q000378:metabolism*; D006801:Humans; D066298:In Vitro Techniques; D007202:Indicators and Reagents; D007313:Insecta; D007527:Isoenzymes; D007770:L-Lactate Dehydrogenase; D008974:Mollusca; D009132:Muscles / Q000201:enzymology*; D009243:NAD / Q000378:metabolism; D010732:Phosphofructokinase-1 / Q000378:metabolism*; D011200:Poultry; D011817:Rabbits; D051381:Rats; D012104:Reptiles; D012754:Sharks
chemical_list: D002021:Buffers; D007202:Indicators and Reagents; D007527:Isoenzymes; D009243:NAD; D007770:L-Lactate Dehydrogenase; D010732:Phosphofructokinase-1; D006597:Fructose-Bisphosphatase; D002262:Carboxy-Lyases