title: Virus in water. II. Evaluation of membrane cartridge filters for recovering low multiplicities of poliovirus from water.
abstract: The efficiency of a Millitube MF cartridge filter, a membrane filter, for recovery of poliovirus from 100-gal volumes of both fresh (tap) and estuarine water was determined. In the high multiplicity of virus input-output experiments, recovery of 97% or greater of input virus was achieved in both types of water when the final concentration of divalent cation as Mg(2+) was 1,200 mug/ml and the pH was 4.5. Virus was effectively eluted from the membrane cartridge with 5x nutrient broth in 0.05 M carbonate-bicarbonate buffer at pH 9.0. Four elutions of 250 ml each were used. In the low multiplicity of virus input-output experiments under the same cationic and pH conditions, up to 67% of the input virus was recovered when the virus was further concentrated from the eluates by the aqueous polymer two-phase separation technique. The volume reduction was 126,000-190,000 to 1. The use of the combined techniques, i.e., membrane adsorption followed by aqueous polymer two-phase separation, provided a highly sensitive, simple, and remarkably reliable sequential methodology for the quantitative recovery of poliovirus occurring at multiplicities as low as 1 to 2 plaque-forming units per 5 gal of water.
mesh_terms: D000327:Adsorption; D002118:Calcium; D003911:Dextrans; D005069:Evaluation Studies as Topic; D005374:Filtration / Q000295:instrumentation*; D005618:Fresh Water; D006018:Glycols; D006801:Humans; D006863:Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; D008274:Magnesium; D008851:Micropore Filters; D017955:Poliovirus / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D012623:Seawater; D014776:Virus Cultivation; D014871:Water Microbiology / Q000295:instrumentation*; D014881:Water Supply
chemical_list: D003911:Dextrans; D006018:Glycols; D008274:Magnesium; D002118:Calcium