title: Development of methods for detecting viruses in solid waste landfill leachates.
abstract: Methods were developed for detecting and concentrating enteric viruses in municipal solid waste landfill leachates. Poliovirus added to a leachate was not readily detectable, possibly because the virus was adsorbed to the leachate particulates. The masking effects associated with suspended solids in the leachate were overcome by adding a final 0.1 M sodium (tetra)ethylenediaminetetraacetate concentration to the leachate. A sodium (tetra)ethylenediaminetetraacetate-treated leachate could be clarified by filtration at pH 8.0 without a loss of virus. The clarified and sodium (tetra)ethylenediaminetetraacetate-treated leachate contained interfering materials of an anionic nature which prevented virus adsorption to epoxy-fiber glass filters. This interfering effect was overcome by treating the leachate with an anion-exchange resin. Viruses in the resin-treated leachate were concentrated by adjusting the leachate to pH 3.5, adding AlCl(3) to a final 0.005 M concentration, adsorbing the viruses to an epoxy-fiber glass virus adsorbent, and eluting the adsorbed viruses in a small volume. When this method was used to concentrate poliovirus 100-fold in a variety of leachates, the average virus recovery efficiency was 37%. With the methods described in this study, it should be possible to efficiently monitor solid waste disposal site leachates for enteric viruses.
mesh_terms: D000327:Adsorption; D000535:Aluminum; D000818:Animals; D002712:Chlorides; D003470:Culture Media; D046508:Culture Techniques; D004492:Edetic Acid; D004770:Enterovirus / Q000302:isolation & purification*; D000882:Haplorhini; D006863:Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; D007220:Industrial Waste; D007475:Ion Exchange Resins; D007668:Kidney; D008722:Methods; D010215:Papio; D017955:Poliovirus / Q000302:isolation & purification; D012988:Soil Microbiology; D010948:Viral Plaque Assay; D014776:Virus Cultivation; D014871:Water Microbiology
chemical_list: D002712:Chlorides; D003470:Culture Media; D007220:Industrial Waste; D007475:Ion Exchange Resins; D004492:Edetic Acid; D000535:Aluminum