title: The effect of edema, hydrocortisone acetate, concurrent viral infection and immunization on the clearance of Pasteurella hemolytica from the bovine lung.
abstract: The influence of pulmonary edema, hydrocortisone, immunization against Pasteurella hemolytica and concurrent infection with parainfluenza-3 virus upon pulmonary clearance of aerosolized P. hemolytica was studied in 31 calves. Following the various treatments calves were challenged with an aerosol of P. hemolytica. One control calf was killed immediately after the aerosol and the numbers of bacteria in the lung taken as 100%. Two calves were killed four hours after challenge and the numbers of bacteria in the lungs were compared to the 100% of the control calf. The result was the percentage clearance of bacteria at four hours. PULMONARY EDEMA WAS INDUCED BY THREE DIFFERENT METHODS: by an aerosol of histamine, by intravenous injection of endotoxin and by intravenous injection of croton oil emulsion. The edema impaired the clearance of P. hemolytica, which was reflected in high numbers of P. hemolytica present in the lungs at four hours after challenge: 260% after histamine, 300% and 400% after endotoxin and 92% after croton oil. SIX DAYS OF TREATMENT OF FOUR CALVES WITH HIGH DOSES OF HYDROCORTISONE ACETATE PRODUCED INCONSISTENT RESULTS: two calves treated with a higher daily dose (36 mg/kg) had normal clearance whereas two calves treated with a lower dose had pulmonary edema and displayed lowered clearance with 111% and 31% respectively of P. hemolytica retained in the lungs four hours after challenge. Immunization of calves by three different methods, a subcutaneously injected bacterin of P. hemolytica (2 calves), single aerosol (2 calves) and four aerosols (4 calves) of live P. hemolytica was reflected in an accelerated pulmonary clearance of P. hemolytica (with a mean of 1.55% of bacteria retained at four hours). Concurrent infection with parainfluenza-3 virus did not lower the clearance of P. hemolytica in the lungs of 12 calves over 15 days except on the first day following the exposure to parainfluenza-3 virus. These calves had hemagglutinating antibodies against P. hemolytica before exposure.
mesh_terms: D000336:Aerosols; D000818:Animals; D001428:Bacterial Vaccines / Q000008:administration & dosage; D002417:Cattle; D002418:Cattle Diseases / Q000276:immunology / Q000503:physiopathology*; D003436:Croton Oil; D004731:Endotoxins; D006632:Histamine; D006854:Hydrocortisone / Q000494:pharmacology*; D007114:Immunization / Q000662:veterinary*; D007279:Injections, Subcutaneous; D008168:Lung / Q000503:physiopathology*; D018184:Paramyxoviridae Infections / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000662:veterinary*; D010325:Pasteurella / Q000276:immunology*; D010326:Pasteurella Infections / Q000276:immunology / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000662:veterinary*; D010587:Phagocytosis; D011654:Pulmonary Edema / Q000139:chemically induced / Q000503:physiopathology / Q000662:veterinary*
chemical_list: D000336:Aerosols; D001428:Bacterial Vaccines; D004731:Endotoxins; D003436:Croton Oil; D006632:Histamine; D006854:Hydrocortisone