title: Smoking and bladder cancer in Egypt.
abstract: A case control study of smoking was carried out on 365 Egyptian males with bladder cancer divided into 278 patients (76%) with previous urinary bilharziasis and 87 (24%) without past infestation. The smoking index was significantly higher in both bilharzial and non-bilharzial patients with bladder cancer than their controls. A significant association was found between heavy and moderate cigarette smoking and bladder cancer developing in non-bilharzial subjects. The local habit of "meassel" smoking did not differ significantly between bladder cancer patients and controls.
mesh_terms: D000328:Adult; D000367:Age Factors; D000368:Aged; D004534:Egypt; D006801:Humans; D008297:Male; D008875:Middle Aged; D012189:Retrospective Studies; D012552:Schistosomiasis / Q000150:complications; D012737:Sex Factors; D012907:Smoking / Q000150:complications*; D001749:Urinary Bladder Neoplasms / Q000209:etiology*