title: Effects of cholinomimetic agents given into the brain of fowls.
abstract: 1 Effects of cholinomimetic agents, given into the IIIrd ventricle of adult fowls (Gallus domesticus) or infused into the hypothalamus of young chicks, were tested on behaviour, respiratory rate and body temperature.2 Carbachol evoked behavioural and electrocortical arousal but lacked postural and respiratory effects. Contrariwise, pilocarpine increased respiratory rate and induced postural changes, i.e. abduction of the wings, but lacked other behavioural effects and did not alter electrocortical activity. Benzoylcholine induced tachypnoea, postural changes and brief electrocortical arousal. Acetylcholine was ineffective unless given with physostigmine, when electrocortical arousal, postural changes and tachypnoea developed. Methacholine induced tachypnoea and postural changes.3 Effects of carbachol and pilocarpine were prevented by hyoscine and those of benzoylcholine by pempidine; hyoscine and pempidine were required together to prevent the effects of methacholine and to attenuate those of acetylcholine with physostigmine.
mesh_terms: D000109:Acetylcholine / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology; D000375:Aging; D000818:Animals; D001522:Behavior, Animal / Q000187:drug effects; D001565:Benzoates / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors; D001831:Body Temperature / Q000187:drug effects; D002217:Carbachol / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology; D002552:Cerebral Ventricles; D002645:Chickens; D002794:Choline / Q000031:analogs & derivatives / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology; D004569:Electroencephalography; D005260:Female; D007031:Hypothalamus; D007267:Injections; D008688:Methacholine Compounds / Q000037:antagonists & inhibitors / Q000494:pharmacology; D009068:Movement / Q000187:drug effects; D010277:Parasympathomimetics / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000494:pharmacology*; D010393:Pempidine / Q000494:pharmacology; D010862:Pilocarpine / Q000494:pharmacology; D012119:Respiration / Q000187:drug effects; D012601:Scopolamine / Q000494:pharmacology; D013997:Time Factors
chemical_list: D001565:Benzoates; D008688:Methacholine Compounds; D010277:Parasympathomimetics; D010862:Pilocarpine; D002217:Carbachol; D012601:Scopolamine; D010393:Pempidine; D002794:Choline; D000109:Acetylcholine