Thermal shock and dilution shock as the causes of freezing injury.
D002462:Cell Membrane; D002470:Cell Survival; D003080:Cold Temperature; D003451:Cryoprotective Agents / Q000494:pharmacology; D004912:Erythrocytes / Q000187:drug effects; D005615:Freezing; D006358:Hot Temperature; D006982:Hypertonic Solutions; D012769:Shock; D012965:Sodium Chloride / Q000494:pharmacology; D013395:Sucrose / Q000494:pharmacology; D013997:Time Factors
D003451:Cryoprotective Agents; D006982:Hypertonic Solutions; D012965:Sodium Chloride; D013395:Sucrose