title: Ultrastructure research in biology before the introduction of the electron microscope.
mesh_terms: D001695:Biology; D001718:Birefringence; D003585:Cell Biology; D002736:Chloroplasts; D003461:Crystallography; D049672:History, 19th Century; D049673:History, 20th Century; D008854:Microscopy, Electron / Q000266:history*; D008859:Microscopy, Polarization; D008961:Models, Structural; D059828:Plant Cells; D013557:Switzerland; D014961:X-Ray Diffraction