Methadone.
Methadone and acetylmethadol, although possessing almost all of morphine's pharmacological properties, differ from other morphine-like drugs in their longer action, more gradual and less intense withdrawal syndrome, and blockade of euphoric effect of other opiates in addicts. A high percentage of patients maintained on methadone are better able to hold employment or to be otherwise socially productive than when dependent on heroin or morphine.A review of published results and procedures used in methadone maintenance treatment programs for heroin dependence is presented. Former heroin addicts are usually maintained on 80 to 120 mg. (high dose) or 20 to 60 mg. (low dose) oral methadone daily. Some programs are reported to have produced 80% success (patients employed or otherwise socially productive). Selection of patients, availability of allied therapeutic and rehabilitative facilities, strict control of supply, record keeping and periodic evaluation are considered essential.Different criteria ("drug-free" vs. "socially productive") for judging "success" of treatment of heroin-dependent persons by methadone maintenance and administrative problems in large-scale treatment programs constitute the principal aspects of controversy.
D000085:Acetates / Q000627:therapeutic use; D000284:Administration, Oral; D000293:Adolescent; D000574:American Medical Association; D002170:Canada; D055598:Chemical Phenomena; D002621:Chemistry; D004335:Drug and Narcotic Control; D005260:Female; D006556:Heroin Dependence / Q000188:drug therapy* / Q000534:rehabilitation; D006801:Humans; D008691:Methadone / Q000008:administration & dosage / Q000378:metabolism / Q000494:pharmacology / Q000627:therapeutic use*; D011247:Pregnancy; D011248:Pregnancy Complications; D011331:Private Practice; D013329:Structure-Activity Relationship; D013375:Substance Withdrawal Syndrome / Q000188:drug therapy; D019966:Substance-Related Disorders; D014481:United States
D000085:Acetates; D008691:Methadone